The Palanquin of Time

‎‎The palanquin of time floats in the childhood of the wind

‎Seasons change; nature gets drunk

‎Easy chair in flashback

‎The manuscript of a novel in the turbulent lens of the eyes

‎The pulse of life in the wings of a grasshopper

‎The sound of a woodpecker knocking

‎A sudden attempt to catch a fish stuck in a spear

‎The fury on the high branches of a guava tree

‎The poetry of a kite touching the sky with its beak

‎The youth of Mahananda in the heart

‎The name of a loved one written on a night Jasmine

‎Love soaked in dew on a winter morning

‎Competition to capture a single piece of morning sunlight

‎The polar star on the bamboo head.

‎Alone, smiling Suyorani, Duoyorani

‎A gathering of many reflections

‎The dusty shepherdess’ flute melody

‎The body of a poem that falls down laughing

‎The arrogant moon, awakened by the sound of laughter

‎The two sides of the path, covered in moss, are wild and dreamy.

‎The touch of the sky in the world of birds

‎Who writes love letters on the life line

‎Stealing words from the story of life

‎Saleh begins to listen to the silence of the world.

‎

‎Walking along the winding path of childhood,

‎Satisfied dreams are woven throughout the feelings

‎Rainbows are woven into the body of time

‎The human tree absorbs the clear light of the water’s chest.

THE ROLE OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY IN MODERN LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL STUDIES

Abstract

This article discusses the significance of English philology in the modern educational and scientific context. English philology is considered as an interdisciplinary field that studies the English language, its history, literature, and cultural development. The article highlights the importance of English philology in language learning, intercultural communication, and the formation of linguistic competence among students.

Keywords: English philology, linguistics, literature, language development, intercultural communication, education.

Introduction

English philology is one of the most important fields in modern humanities. It focuses on the comprehensive study of the English language, including its structure, history, literature, and cultural background. In today’s globalized world, English has become an international language, which increases the relevance of English philology in education and research.

1. The Subject Matter of English Philology

English philology combines several academic disciplines such as linguistics, literary studies, stylistics, and cultural studies. Linguistics examines phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, and semantics of the English language. Literary studies focus on English and American literature, their genres, themes, and historical development. Cultural studies help learners understand the social and cultural context of the language.

2. The Importance of English Philology in Education

English philology plays a key role in developing students’ language competence. It improves reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. Moreover, studying literature enhances critical thinking, creativity, and aesthetic appreciation. English philology also prepares future teachers, translators, and researchers by providing deep theoretical and practical knowledge of the language.

3. English Philology and Intercultural Communication

One of the main goals of English philology is to promote intercultural communication. Through language and literature, students learn about traditions, values, and worldviews of English-speaking countries. This helps them communicate effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds and reduces misunderstandings in international interaction.

Conclusion

In conclusion, English philology is a vital field that contributes to linguistic education, cultural awareness, and personal development. Its interdisciplinary nature makes it essential for training qualified specialists who can use English effectively in various professional and social contexts. Therefore, the development of English philology remains an important task in modern education.

References

1. Crystal, D. (2003). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge University Press.2. Widdowson, H. (1996). Linguistics. Oxford University Press.3. Carter, R., & McRae, J. (2001). Language, Literature and the Learner. Pearson Education.

Rukhshona Kamolovna Turayeva was born on December 5, 2006, in G‘ijduvon district of Bukhara region. She graduated from Secondary School No. 8 in her district. She is currently a first-year undergraduate student at the Uzbekistan State University of World Languages. Since childhood, Turayeva has been deeply interested in poetry and literature. Her aspiration is to become a highly qualified specialist in her field and to share the valuable knowledge she acquires with future generations.

CONTENT AND ESSENCE OF INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS

Kattakurgan State Pedagogical Institute, Student
Qarshiboyeva Mavluda Azizbek qizi

Annotation: This article analyzes the purpose, structure, and impact of international assessment programs on the education system. It examines how countries shape their educational policies based on the implementation procedures and results of PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS. The article highlights the importance of international assessment programs in improving the modern education system.

Keywords: international assessment programs, PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS, education quality, functional literacy.

Introduction. In the context of modern globalization, assessing and comparing the quality of education at the international level has become increasingly important. Every country strives to determine the effectiveness of its education system, eliminate weaknesses, and align with international standards by using various assessment programs. International assessment programs measure students’ knowledge, skills, and competencies based on objective criteria and provide opportunities for comparative analysis among countries. These programs allow policymakers, researchers, and teachers to understand the real state of the education process.

International assessment programs emerged in the late 20th century due to the need to standardize education quality globally. Organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) developed scientifically grounded methodologies to measure educational outcomes. Today, world-renowned programs such as PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS play a significant role in shaping educational policy and improving national competitiveness. These programs not only assess students’ performance but also provide tools to analyze various components of education systems. Uzbekistan has also actively participated in these assessments in recent years to improve its national education system.

Main Part. PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), conducted every three years since 2000 by the OECD, assesses the functional knowledge of 15-year-old students in mathematics, reading, and science. Unlike traditional tests, PISA evaluates students’ ability to apply knowledge to real-life situations, requiring critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills. More than 80 countries participate in PISA, making it one of the most extensive assessment programs in the world.

TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), conducted every four years since 1995 by the IEA, assesses the mathematics and science knowledge of 4th- and 8th-grade students. The test is based on school curricula and measures students’ knowledge, application, and reasoning skills. TIMSS provides valuable information for improving education standards.

PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study), launched in 2001 and conducted every five years by the IEA, assesses the reading literacy of 4th-grade students. It measures students’ ability to understand, interpret, and evaluate literary and informational texts.

Differences among PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS show their unique focuses: PISA assesses functional literacy, TIMSS measures subject-based curriculum mastery, and PIRLS focuses on early reading skills. Despite differences, all three programs contribute significantly to evaluating and improving education quality.

Uzbekistan’s participation in PISA 2021 provided insights into the national education system and identified areas for improvement, particularly in functional literacy and problem-solving skills.

Research Methodology. The study employed comparative analysis, document review, and statistical analysis. Official reports from OECD, IEA, and UNESCO were used as primary sources. The structure, administration, and results of PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS were compared, and the experiences of advanced countries such as Singapore, Finland, Japan, and South Korea were analyzed. Uzbekistan’s recent participation and results were also examined.

Analysis and Results. The evaluation of international assessment programs showed that although PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS differ in their focus areas, their common goal is to assess education quality based on international standards. High-performing countries invest heavily in teacher training, modern teaching methods, and ensuring equity in education. For example, Singapore ranked first in PISA 2022 in mathematics, and TIMSS 2023 results confirmed the leadership of Singapore and South Korea in mathematics and science.

Conclusion and Recommendations. International assessment programs provide essential tools for comparing and improving education quality globally. Based on the study’s findings, the following recommendations are proposed for Uzbekistan:

1. Increase the share of practical tasks and real-life application materials in curricula to enhance functional literacy.
2. Expand teacher training programs aligned with international standards and modern teaching methods.
3. Establish a regular monitoring and evaluation system for learning outcomes.

Strengthening participation in international assessment programs and integrating global best practices into national conditions will support Uzbekistan’s efforts to modernize its education system and improve students’ competitiveness.

References:

1. OECD. PISA 2022 Results: What Students Know and Can Do. OECD Publishing, 2023.
2. IEA. TIMSS 2023 International Results in Mathematics and Science. IEA, 2024.
3. IEA. PIRLS 2021 International Results in Reading. Boston College, 2023.
4. Schleicher, A. World Class: How to Build a 21st-Century School System. OECD Publishing, 2018.
5. UNESCO. Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education. UNESCO, 2023.
6. Ministry of Education of Uzbekistan. National Education Development Strategy 2023–2027. Tashkent, 2023.

My Mother Tongue

An undying flame in the winds,

Unaffected by the passing years.

Among all the languages of this world,

My mother tongue shall never disappear.

Babur ruled over Hindustan,

Yet his language never died.

He longed for Andijan’s dialect,

Its melons he dearly missed.

Through centuries my Turkic tongue

Was polished like a shining diamond.

It witnessed Mongols, Tsarist Russia,

Yet it never broke, never fell.

— Khasanova Aziza Kumushbek qizi,

Student of Tashkent University of Economics and Pedagogy

My immortal melody 

When they ask me

I might take shelter in silence.

I might shed a tear

I might clink my glass to get everyone’s attention 

And yet…. 

I would say, he was a wider-than-life dream.

His dream spanned realms beyond sight,

yet the gravest disappointments assailed his heart.

Neither his scrawny horse is strong enough. 

Nor does his wooden sword do any good.

The songs of enthusiasm, too.

have fallen silent, for it is useless.

I would say that the wind has defeated his resolution,

As swayed by his whims.

His ship is lost

And the sea, so they say, is treacherous.

Who can foretell his death?

And the shark is open-mouthed

I will say, the vast wilds still bear 

the traces of his footsteps.

Planting false hope.

Here, a banner.

There, a surreal painting

Even on the mirage 

Hummed the murmur of the water

I’d say he was a mythical being.

Perhaps only in the imagination.

HOW IS THIS A LIFE

Sometimes I think
How is this a life
Question and answer I can not understand
As like a dream world
A dream a life
When is it starting
When is it ending
First people seems
Later they disappearing
It is as like this place is swirl for some people
An inextricable a life
Some are crying
Suffering agony
Some are laughing
Lives relaxed
I could not understand
How is this a life.

Türkan Ergör, Sociologist, Philosopher, Writer, Poet, Art Photography Model. Türkan Ergör was born in 19 March 1975 in city Çanakkale, Turkey. She was selected International “Best Poet 2020”. She was selected International “Best Poet, Author/Writer 2021”. She was selected International “Best Poet, Writer/Author 2022”. She was awarded the FIRST PRIZE FOR THE OUTSTANDING AUTHOR IN 2022. She was awarded the 2023 “Zheng Nian Cup” “National Literary First Prize” by Beijing Awareness Literature Museum. She was awarded the “Certificate of Honor and Appreciation” and “Crimean Badge” by İSMAİL GASPRİNSKİY SCIENCE AND ART ACADEMY. She was awarded the “14k Gold Pen Award” by ESCRITORES SIN FRONTERAS ORGANIZACIÓN INTERNACIONAL.

To My Shoira Teacher

Dear Poet Teacher, a blessing divine,

Your laughter and kindness forever shine.

You run for your students, both night and day —

From God, your smile lights my way.

Your name outshines the silver moon,

Your pride — like mountains that touch the noon.

Beside me you stand, my guiding light,

Your words — sweet honey, warm and bright.

You lit a lamp in my darkest hour,

Awake through nights with tireless power.

You teach us truth from every art —

Your wisdom blooms within each heart.

Let no envy shadow your grace,

A thousand pages could not embrace

The love, the beauty your soul bestows —

May God protect you where’er you go.

To praise your name — my student’s part,

I keep you close within my heart.

With all my strength, with love so true —

For Allah’s sake, I cherish you.

Sobirjonova Rayhona is a 10th-grade student of School No. 8 in Vobkent district, Bukhara region. She was born in December 2008 in the village of Chorikalon, Vobkent district, into an educated family. Her parents have supported her since childhood. From a young age, Rayhona has been very interested in creativity, literature, and history.

She began her creative work in the 3rd grade. Her first poem was published in the newspaper “Vobkent Hayoti.” In addition, many of her works have appeared in various journals and magazines, including America’s Synchaos newspaper, India’s Namaste India magazine, Gulxan magazine, Germany’s RavenCage journal, and many other publications.

Rayhona has actively participated in numerous competitions, achieving high results and earning many awards. She continues her creative journey today as well!