THE RОLE ОF THE NАTIОNАL CENTER FОR HUMАN RIGHTS IN IMPLEMENTING DECISIОNS ОF UN TREАTY BОDIES.

Tаshkent Stаte University оf Lаw 

Mаster’s student in Mediа Lаw 

Аshurоvа Dinоrа Аnvаrqul qizi 

Аbstrаct: This аrticle exаmines the mechаnisms fоr implementing cоncluding оbservаtiоns аnd decisiоns аdоpted by UN treаty bоdies аt the nаtiоnаl level. The reseаrch fоcuses оn the rоle оf Nаtiоnаl Humаn Rights Institutiоns (NHRI), specificаlly the Nаtiоnаl Center оf the Republic оf Uzbekistаn fоr Humаn Rights, in this prоcess. The аrticle аnаlyzes institutiоnаl mоdels fоr implementing internаtiоnаl recоmmendаtiоns intо nаtiоnаl legislаtiоn. Relying оn the “Pаris Principles”, the аuthоr reveаls the Nаtiоnаl Center’s functiоn аs а “bridge” between stаte bоdies аnd internаtiоnаl оrgаnizаtiоns. Аs а result оf the study, scientific prоpоsаls fоr imprоving the mоnitоring system fоr the implementаtiоn оf treаty bоdy decisiоns аre put fоrwаrd.

Keywоrds: UN treаty bоdies, institute, mechаnism, Nаtiоnаl Center, implementаtiоn, humаn rights, mоnitоring, cоncluding оbservаtiоns, nаtiоnаl mechаnism, “hard law”, “soft law”, “Follow-up”. 

MАVZU: BMT SHАRTNОMАVIY ОRGАNLАRI QАRОRLАRINI АMАLGА ОSHIRISHDА INSОN HUQUQLАRI BО‘YICHА MILLIY MАRKАZNING О‘RNI.

Tоshkent dаvlаt yuridik universiteti

ОАV huquqi mutаxаssisligi mаgistrаnti

Аshurоvа Dinоrа Аnvаrqul qizi. 

Аnnоtаtsiyа: Ushbu mаqоlаdа Birlashgan Millаtlаr Tаshkilоti (keyingi о‘rinlаrdа BMT) shаrtnоmаviy оrgаnlаri tоmоnidаn qаbul qilingаn yаkuniy mulоhаzаlаr vа qаrоrlаrni milliy dаrаjаdа ijrо etish mexаnizmlаri tаdqiq qilingаn. Tаdqiqоt mаrkаzidа Insоn huquqlаri bо‘yichа milliy institutlаrning (NHRI), xususаn, Insоn huquqlаri bо‘yichа О‘zbekistоn Respublikаsi Milliy mаrkаzining (keyingi о‘rinlаrdа Milliy mаrkаz) ushbu jаrаyоndаgi о‘rni yоtаdi. Mаqоlаdа xаlqаrо tаvsiyаlаrni milliy qоnunchilikkа implementаtsiyа qilishning institutsiоnаl mоdellаri tаhlil qilinаdi. Muаllif “Pаrij prinsiplаri”gа tаyаngаn hоldа, Milliy mаrkаzning dаvlаt оrgаnlаri vа xаlqаrо tаshkilоtlаr о‘rtаsidаgi “kо‘prik” sifаtidаgi funksiyаsini оchib berаdi. Tаdqiqоt nаtijаsidа shаrtnоmаviy оrgаnlаr qаrоrlаrini аmаlgа оshirishning mоnitоring tizimini tаkоmillаshtirish bо‘yichа ilmiy tаkliflаr ilgаri surilgаn.

Kаlit sо‘zlаr: BMT shаrtnоmаviy оrgаnlаri, institut, mexаnizm, Milliy mаrkаz, implementаtsiyа, insоn huquqlаri, mоnitоring, yаkuniy mulоhаzаlаr, milliy mexаnizm, “hard law”, “soft law”, “Follow-up”. 

ТЕМА: РОЛЬ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ЦЕНТРА ПО ПРАВАМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ РЕШЕНИЙ ДОГОВОРНЫХ ОРГАНОВ ООН.

Ташкентский государственный юридический университет

Магистрант по специальности права СМИ

Ашурова Динора Анваркуловна.

Аннотация: В данной статье рассматриваются механизмы реализации на национальном уровне заключительных замечаний и решений, принятых договорными органами Организации Объединенных Наций (далее – ООН). Исследовательский центр фокусируется на роли национальных правозащитных учреждений (НПИ), в частности, Национального центра по правам человека Республики Узбекистан (далее – Национальный центр), в этом процессе. В статье анализируются институциональные модели имплементации международных рекомендаций в национальное законодательство. На основе «Парижских принципов» автор раскрывает функцию Национального центра как «моста» между государственными органами и международными организациями. В результате исследования выдвигаются научные предложения по совершенствованию системы мониторинга выполнения решений договорных органов.

Ключевые слова: договорные органы ООН, институт, механизм, национальный центр, осуществление, права человека, мониторинг, заключительные замечания, национальный механизм, «жесткое право», «мягкое право», «последующие действия».

INTRODUCTION. In the contemporary international legal order, the system of human-rights protection is shifting from purely declarative documents to practical mechanisms capable of producing tangible results. Decisions and recommendations adopted by United Nations treaty bodies serve as a “mirror” of member states’ international obligations in the field of human rights. However, the extent to which these “soft law” instruments (i.e., documents of a recommendatory character) are effectively implemented at the national level depends directly on the activities of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs). In the context of Uzbekistan, the National Centre is emerging as the key coordinating body responsible for integrating these decisions into the national legal system.

To understand the essence of the research topic more deeply, it is first necessary to pay attention to the etymology of the concepts “institution” and “mechanism”:

“Institution” (from Latin institutum) denotes an apparatus, establishment, order, or custom. Originally this term conveyed the meaning of “to establish” or “to set up” something. In a legal context, institution refers not only to a building or organization, but also to a system of rules and norms that regulate stable social relations. Therefore, an institutional analysis of the National Centre allows us to view it not merely as an agency, but as a “constellation of arrangements designed to establish a human-rights culture.”

“Mechanism” (from Greek mēchanē) means a device or apparatus. Etymologically, a mechanism denotes the movement of parts that are organically interconnected in order to achieve a certain result. The phrase “national implementation mechanism” implies that state organs, legislation, and monitoring processes must function as a single, coherent whole, operating “like a clock” with precise internal coordination.

In the annex to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 23 June 2020, “On Approval of the National Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Field of Human Rights,” existing shortcomings in the human-rights sphere at the national level are identified. Findings obtained from analyzing the current situation in the human-rights field in the country, as well as the systematic analysis of recommendations issued within the framework of the United Nations treaty bodies, special rapporteurs who have visited Uzbekistan, the Universal Periodic Review, and other international mechanisms, indicate that in order to ensure effective protection of human rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests, democratic reforms in this sphere must be deepened and consistently continued.

• First, it is necessary to establish mechanisms for ensuring the protection of human rights and legitimate interests, and to eliminate legal gaps in the implementation of international human-rights standards into national legislation and the practice of law enforcement.
• Second, clear mechanisms for implementing human-rights-related activities by state-governance bodies and civil-society institutions in a spirit of cooperation have not yet been developed. In addition, the system of parliamentary and public oversight over the adequate implementation of Uzbekistan’s international human-rights obligations needs further improvement.
• Third, it is necessary to bring the activities of state-power and governance bodies in the field of human rights under clear legal regulation, adopt required programmatic documents in this area, and define a precise procedure for their development and implementation.
• Fourth, it is essential to expand the practice of applying norms of international human-rights treaties in the decisions of courts and law-enforcement bodies, to improve the monitoring system for the observance of the rights of persons held in pre-trial detention facilities and places of deprivation of liberty, and to develop clear mechanisms for implementing the recommendations of treaty-body committees.
• Fifth, it is required to strengthen guarantees for the protection of an individual’s civil, economic, social, political, and cultural rights and freedoms, including by intensifying responsibility for violations of these rights.
• Sixth, it is necessary to systematically foster a culture of respect for human rights and freedoms in society, and to professionally support judges, law-enforcement personnel, and other state-body employees by systematically improving their capacity and training on human-rights issues, so as to ensure full implementation of the recommendations of international and regional mechanisms.

At the same time, in order to further reform the activities of the National Centre, the Presidential Decree No. PQ-4056 “On Improving the Activities of the National Centre of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Field of Human Rights,” effective from 11 December 2018, and the Presidential Decree No. PQ-46 “On Approval of the National Education Programme in the Field of Human Rights,” effective from 8 February 2023, were adopted. These documents are regarded as fundamental foundations that turn the system of human-rights protection in Uzbekistan from a purely theoretical framework into practical mechanisms. From the standpoint of institutionalism theory, their significance can be analyzed as follows:

• Decree No. PQ-4056 – Establishing the primacy of the National Centre

The 2018 Decree re-defined the National Centre as the single, central coordinating body of the state in the field of human rights:

• Institutional strengthening: The Centre was granted not only monitoring powers, but also the authority to provide binding, mandatory recommendations to state bodies on human rights. This transformed the “building” into a real-life institution endowed with substantive powers.
• Bridge to the UN: The Decree formally designated the Centre as the principal national representative for cooperation with United Nations treaty bodies and other international organizations.
• Accountability: A clear procedure (set of “rules of the game”) was established for collecting and systematizing human-rights-related reports submitted by state bodies.
• Decree No. PQ-46  “Protection through Knowledge” (Education Programme)

Signed on 7 February 2023 and entering into force on 8 February 2023, this document is regarded as the “educational layer” of human-rights reforms.

• Institutionalizing society: In order for human rights not to remain mere text on paper, society needs a form of “legal immunity.” The National Education Programme approved by this Decree aims at teaching human rights to all categories of state officials and different segments of the population.
• Training professional cadres: A systematic training system for law-enforcement bodies and the judiciary, based on United Nations standards, has been introduced. This reduces errors in the implementation of UN decisions caused by the “human factor.”

The adoption of Decree No. PQ-4056 and Decree No. PQ-46 indicates that a comprehensive national system for fulfilling Uzbekistan’s international obligations in the field of human rights has been created. While the first document strengthens the institutional structure (the “framework”), the second ensures the content-related and educational sustainability of that structure.

Although the legal foundations for cooperation with United Nations treaty bodies have been established in Uzbekistan, the need remains to further enhance the National Centre’s institutional competences and monitoring methods for implementing international decisions at the national level. The purpose of this article is therefore to reveal the institutional nature of the National Centre and to analyze its participation in the implementation of United Nations decisions through the lens of a new theoretical model.

In modern legal and political scholarship, the concept of “institution” carries a meaning far broader than that of a physical infrastructure or a mere building. As Douglas North, one of the pioneers of institutionalism theory and a Nobel laureate in economics, emphasized, “Institutions are the rules of the game in a society, shaping the patterns of human interaction.”

METHODS. Applying the outlined institutional-theoretical model, an analysis of the National Centre enables us to uncover its essence at three levels:

• Sum of formal rules (Formal constraints) The National Centre is not merely an administrative unit composed of staff and office space, but rather a normative-legal system oriented toward the implementation of the international treaty obligations of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Its internal regulations, monitoring procedures, and reporting mechanisms function as “legal channels” that “import” decisions and recommendations of United Nations treaty bodies (for example, the Human Rights Committee) into the domestic legal order and thereby concretize international obligations into national practice. 
• Institutional “bridge” function (“Bridge” Model). Drawing on Ryan Goodman and Derek Jinks’s socialization theory, states internalize and implement international norms most effectively not only under external pressure, but when domestic institutions assimilate those norms as part of their own institutional logic. In this sense, the National Centre operates as an institutional “bridge” between the global human-rights order and local practices: it mediates international standards (BMT treaty-body decisions, UPR recommendations, soft-law instruments), translates them into domestic procedures, and embeds them into the behavior of state organs and civil-society actors. This twofold perspective-viewing the Centre both as a system of formal constraints and as a social-institutional bridge-provides a richer framework for analyzing its role in the implementation of United Nations decisions and the broader institutionalization of an international human-rights culture in Uzbekistan.

Within this process, the National Centre:

• Performs the role of a transformer that converts the UN’s “soft law” into national “hard law”: it acts as a key node that channels the non-binding, recommendatory character of UN treaty-body decisions (“soft law”) into binding domestic instruments such as Presidential decrees and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers (“hard law”).

In other words, the National Centre functions not only as a monitor and coordinator, but as an institutional converter that re-codifies international guidance into concrete, enforceable national legal and administrative acts, thereby operationalizing BMT-level recommendations in Uzbekistan’s domestic legal order.

• In the perspective of institutional design and independence (“The Logic of Design”), the way in which a human-rights institution is evaluated depends not on how modern its building is, but on how far it is designed in accordance with international standards (the Paris Principles). The National Centre’s interactions with UN treaty bodies and its participation in national law-making show its functional institutionalization.

In summary, an institutional analysis of the National Centre shows that it functions as a dynamic system transforming international standards in the field of human rights into everyday national practice, rules, and obligations of state bodies. As the classical representative of institutionalism theory, D. North emphasizes, institutions are understood as systems of rules that shape social interactions. From this perspective, the National Centre for Human Rights is not merely an administrative structure or a building, but a system of formal arrangements designed to integrate the decisions of United Nations treaty bodies into the national legal order. 

According to the approach of R. Goodman and D. Jinks, such institutions carry out a “socialization” function, embedding international norms into domestic legal and political practice. This, in turn, ensures that United Nations recommendations are not reduced to mere paper commitments, but are transformed into real, functioning national mechanisms.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The practical mechanisms of the National Centre for the implementation of decisions of United Nations treaty bodies. The National Centre’s institutional activities in ensuring the implementation of “Concluding Observations” issued by UN treaty‑body organs (for example, the Human Rights Committee or the Committee against Torture) are manifested at three main stages:

• Developing national action plans (“roadmaps”);

United Nations bodies’ recommendations are often of a general nature. The National Centre is regarded as the key body responsible for converting these recommendations into the legal system of Uzbekistan. Once UN recommendations are received, the National Centre develops national action plans for their implementation. For example, governmental decrees of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the implementation of treaty-body recommendations, as well as “roadmaps” and similar recommendatory-character documents (“soft law”), are transformed by the Centre into imperative norms (“hard law”) and applied within the national legal order. This role confirms the Centre’s function as a translating and operationalizing institution that turns abstract international-rights guidance into concrete, binding national rules and institutional practices.

• Monitoring and coordination function;

The National Centre is not merely an implementing body, but also a central body that monitors the execution of these recommendations by other state agencies (such as the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Prosecutor General’s Office). In this context, the National Centre performs the role of an “internal watchdog.” It collects reports from each state agency, analyses them, and issues guidance on how to address identified shortcomings.

• Follow‑up mechanism with the UN (“re‑engagement” mechanism). 

The National Centre acts as the state’s “single information window” before the international community. It submits interim and periodic reports to the UN Committees, and this process constitutes an institutional mechanism that demonstrates the state’s commitment to its international obligations. Thus, the National Centre does not merely function as an agency that collects and transmits statistical data on the implementation of UN decisions but rather appears as a strategic coordinating centre that internalizes international standards into national law and policy. This indicates a high degree of institutionalization of the National Centre. 

Research findings show that although the National Centre occupies a central position in ensuring the implementation of UN treaty-body decisions, several institutional reforms are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of the process. For example: 

• Strengthening the “parliamentarization” mechanism 

United Nations treaty bodies frequently call in their recommendations for an increased role of parliaments in the implementation of international decisions. It is recommended to legally strengthen the mechanism whereby the reports on the implementation of UN recommendations, prepared by the National Centre, are mandatorily heard each year by the chambers of the Oliy Majlis. This may enhance the institution’s political authority and accountability in line with the Paris Principles.

• “Smаrt-mоnitоring”;

At present, data collection is carried out in most cases by traditional methods. A single electronic database designed to monitor the implementation of UN recommendations in real-time should be fully brought into operation. In this system, each responsible ministry (for example, the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the Ministry of Health) would be required to upload the implementation status of the relevant provisions. This would help to eliminate unnecessary bureaucracy (“paper-free” system).

• Institutionalizing relations with civil society and the media. 

Of course, in this context the role of the “fourth power,” that is, the media, is highly important. The independence and credibility of state reports can be ensured by activating the work of a “Public Council” under the National Centre that monitors the implementation of UN decisions and by broadly involving independent journalists and representatives of non-governmental non-profit organizations (NNT) into this body. 

CONCLUSION. In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize that studying the activities of the National Centre for Human Rights through the prism of institutionalism theory allows a renewed interpretation of this body’s fundamental place within the national legal system. As the analysis has shown, the National Centre is not merely an administrative building or a static institution, but rather a dynamic institutional mechanism that transforms international human-rights standards into a stable, nationally embedded set of rules and procedures. Functioning as a functional “bridge” between the will of the international community and the implementing power of the state apparatus, it ensures the coherence of the legal order.

The National Centre therefore appears not simply as an administrative structure, but as a strategic institutional mechanism that shapes Uzbekistan’s standing in the international legal arena. From the standpoint of institutionalism theory, this body is the primary channel through which United Nations decisions are “institutionalized” and converted into concrete, everyday legal norms at the domestic level. The proposed reforms will not only strengthen the Centre’s coordinating role, but also elevate its supervisory function to a new level.

As demonstrated in the article, the recommendations issued by international treaty bodies – elements of “soft law” – are, precisely through the National Centre’s coordinating activities, converted into binding national norms, “hard law.” This process guarantees that international standards are not merely inscribed on paper, but are implemented in practice through national “roadmaps” and regulatory instruments. Moreover, the “Follow-up” system (implementation monitoring and re-engagement) operated by the Centre has been identified as one of the most effective means of monitoring the state’s adherence to its international obligations.

At the end of the investigation it can be stated that the effectiveness of reforms in the field of human rights in Uzbekistan is directly linked to the degree of refinement of this national mechanism. Enhancing the National Centre’s institutional capacity – particularly by expanding digital monitoring systems and strengthening its organic linkage with parliamentary oversight – will serve the unconditional implementation of UN decisions at the national level. In this way, a mechanism supported by a solid institutional foundation will continue to act as the key filter and transformer through which international legal norms are embedded into Uzbekistan’s domestic reality, thereby reinforcing the country’s legal authority on the global stage.

LIST OF SOURCES USED

National legal documents

1. О‘zbekistоn Respublikаsi Prezidentining Fаrmоni. (2020). Insоn huquqlаri bо‘yichа О‘zbekistоn Respublikаsining Milliy strаtegiyаsini tаsdiqlаsh tо‘g‘risidа, PF-6012-sоn. Qоnunchilik mа’lumоtlаri milliy bаzаsi. https://lex.uz/uz/dоcs/-4872355 
2. О‘zbekistоn Respublikаsi Prezidentining Qаrоri. (2018). Insоn huquqlаri bо‘yichа О‘zbekistоn Respublikаsi Milliy mаrkаzi fаоliyаtini tаkоmillаshtirish tо‘g‘risidа, PQ-4056-sоn. Qоnunchilik mа’lumоtlаri milliy bаzаsi. https://www.lex.uz/uz/dоcs/-4098056
3. О‘zbekistоn Respublikаsi Prezidentining Fаrmоni. (2023). Insоn huquqlаri sоhаsidаgi Milliy tа’lim dаsturini tаsdiqlаsh tо‘g‘risidа, PF-46-sоn. Qоnunchilik mа’lumоtlаri milliy bаzаsi. https://lex.uz/uz/dоcs/-6378537 

International scholarly literature

4. Gооdmаn, R., & Jinks, D. (2013). Sоciаlizing Stаtes: Prоmоting Humаn Rights thrоugh Internаtiоnаl Lаw. Оxfоrd University Press. https://аcаdemic.оup.cоm/bооk/4460 
5. Hаll, P. А., & Tаylоr, R. C. (1996). Pоliticаl Science аnd the Three New Institutiоnаlisms. Pоliticаl Studies, 44(5), 936-957. https://dоi.оrg/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00343.x
6. Nоrth, D. C. (1990). Institutiоns, Institutiоnаl Chаnge аnd Ecоnоmic Perfоrmаnce. Cаmbridge University Press. https://www.cаmbridge.оrg/cоre/bооks/institutiоns-institutiоnаl-chаnge-аnd-ecоnоmic-perfоrmаnce/ААE1E27DF8996E24C5DD07EB79BBА7EE
7.  Pegrаm, T. (2012). Nаtiоnаl Humаn Rights Institutiоns in Lаtin Аmericа: Pоlitics аnd Institutiоnаl Design. In R. Gооdmаn & T. Pegrаm (Eds.), Humаn Rights, Stаte Cоmpliаnce, аnd Sоciаl Chаnge. Cаmbridge University Press. https://www.cаmbridge.оrg/cоre/bооks/аbs/humаn-rights-stаte-cоmpliаnce-аnd-sоciаl-chаnge/nаtiоnаl-humаn-rights-institutiоns-in-lаtin-аmericа/А2F66DEE90680171C9EFD9CDB1АEE707 

Documents of international organizations

1. United Nаtiоns. (1993). Principles relаting tо the Stаtus оf Nаtiоnаl Institutiоns (The Pаris Principles). Аdоpted by Generаl Аssembly resоlutiоn 48/134. 

https://www.оhchr.оrg/en/instruments-mechаnisms/instruments/principles-relаting-stаtus-nаtiоnаl-institutiоns-pаris-principles

2. ОHCHR. (2023). Nаtiоnаl Humаn Rights Institutiоns: Histоry, Principles, Rоles аnd Respоnsibilities. Prоfessiоnаl Trаining Series Nо. 4/Rev.1. https://www.оhchr.оrg/en/publicаtiоns/prоfessiоnаl-trаining-series/nаtiоnаl-humаn-rights-institutiоns-histоry-principles    

Sea Pelicans Balcony and Jellyfish 

I entered the water but had noticed other people did not. Yet there were no sign or verbal warnings about anything. The sea in a storm season had somehow riled and stirred everything and people were getting almost immediately stung by jellyfish upon entry. And I was next. 

I didn’t realize at first, just that my body ached and itched and I got right out and tried different things. Water cold. Pool water.  Air. Nothing worked. A doctor came and gave me some medicine, and we could see the line on the arm that extended far across the inner arm that was swollen. After a while I felt well, not in crisis. 

But the doctor came back and said she was worried because that medicine is supposed to be liquid not solid, that it had gotten old. I said not to worry, and she stood watching the sea eating an ice cream cone. 

At the night I sat on the balcony and read For Whom the Bell Tolls under a soft yellow electric lamp. A lizard, the small type, watched this from the stucco wall. This was in Puerto Morelos. I slept a bit and began reading again inside the morning. Beautiful pelicans that looked like dinosaur things flew. I stood and stretched. Things would be okay. I’d avoid the sea for a while, certainly. But things would be okay. There were passages from the novel written so well I had to just pause and stare at the sky, wondering how Hemingway had done that. Ya, things were well enough, having Hemingway and that balcony. Besides, they had a good pool on the grounds. 

WITHOUT ANY REASON!

In search of faithfulness in this world 

I got to know I was in wrong address 

And my life hasn’t become complete 

My shortcomings were ignored though

I was punished without any reason

If I live on I feel like torturing myself 

And I go out fetching God in her heart

The person this heart sincerely seeks

There is always a mystery in the air

My days & nights are upset without you.

SLIGHT IMPRESSION!

You came to my world and disappeared

Next moment ; I thought several times 

That first look with a slight impression 

Why does it make my heart so restless 

Your smiling back with sweet glances

I don’t know what you are waiting for

Am I the one whom you trust so much

Why I have this feeling time and again

The buds of rosy lips have blossomed

Is it due to the passion of your heart ?

MARK OF BLEMISH!

We will flow in the air , cloud and rain

As you’re my rain and I’m your cloud 

If I’m not yours,I won’t be anyone else’s 

Know not why the world is jealous of us

It’s not mark of blemish but kohl of love

An illness in accordance to this world 

But the ones in love know it as divinity 

The twist of love and life has brought us

I’m deep darkness and you’re my dawn

A lost traveller, I’m yours and you’re mine

It may be infatuation if love is one-sided

But ours is love for each other , isn’t it ?

 THE TALK OF THE TOWN!

My morning has already come smiling

New dreams even with eyes wide open

An indication that happiness is lurking 

Radiant morning and uplifting breeze 

Being drenched, she runs into my arms 

An angel with lovely tune of her anklets 

The talk of the town is soft and smooth 

Though old, fresh seem conversations 

Beyond all thoughts this life moves on

I am a bud blooming at your first sight 

Find myself dissolved in thy love genuine

And I would love to find my muse in you.

Sahitya Ratnakar Dr Prasana Kumar Dalai.

(DOB 07/06/1973) is a passionate Indian Author-cum- bilingual poet while a tremendous Asst Professor of English by profession in the Ganjam district of Odisha. He is an accomplished source of inspiration for young generation of India. His free verse on Romantic and melancholic poems appreciated by everyone. He belongs to a small typical village Nandiagada of Ganjam District,the state of Odisha.After schooling he studied intermediate and Graduated in Kabisurjya Baladev vigyan Mahavidyalaya then M A in English from Berhampur University PhD in language and literature and D. Litt from Colombian poetic house from South America.

He promotes his specific writings around the world literature and trades with multiple stems that are related to current issues based on his observation and experiences that needs urgent attention. He is an award-winning writer who has achieved various laurels from the circle of writing worldwide. His free verse poems not only inspire young readers but also the ready of current time. His poetic symbol is right now inspiring others, some of which are appreciated by laurels of India and across the world. Many of his poems been translated in different Indian languages and got global appreciation. Lots of well wishes for his upcoming writings and success in future.

He is an award-winning poet author of many best seller books. Recently he was awarded Rabindra nath Tagore and Gujarat Sahitya Academy for the year 2022 from Motivational Strips. Jaidev Puraskar from Kavita Minar Badamba Cuttack A gold medal from world union of poets France & winner Of Rahim Karims world literary prize 2023.The government of Odisha Higher Education Department appointed him as a president to Governing body of Padmashree Dr Ghanashyam Mishra Sanskrit Degree College, Kabisurjyanagar. Winner of ” HYPERPOEM ” GUNIESS WORLD RECORD 2023.Recently he was awarded at the SABDA literary Festival at Assam. Highest literary honour from Peru contributing world literature 2024.Prestigious Cesar Vellejo award 2024 & Highest literary honour from Peru. Director at Samrat Educational charitable Trust Berhampur, Ganjam Odisha.

Vicedomini of the World Union of Poets, Italy. UHE awarded him the prestigious Golden Eagle award for his contributions to world literature in 2025.

Completed 257 epistolary poems with American poet Kristy Raines.

Bharat Seva Ratna National award 2025, International Glory award from Manam Foundation Hyderabad Telengana. On the eve of the 1979 Independence Day celebration he earned the Rashtra Ratna award & Maa Bharati Seva Sammana. In 2025 he received a doctorate in Humanity and Literature from Theophany University in Haiti with UNESCO, AEADO and the leaders of Autonomy International. The Prince of Crimea and the Golden Horde from the House of Genghis Khan gave him the prestigious title of “Honorary Bey.”

Received Sahitya Ratnakar from New Delhi 2025, Honorary Doctorate from RMF University collaborated with east and west university Florida United States of America on the eve of International Peace Day. Prestigious THE CONDOR OF ANDES from UHE Mexico 2025. PRESTIGIOUS DOCTORATE from VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE AND WORLD PEACE 2025. Nominated for Padmashree 2025. Three-time Gold from the world Union of Poets France. Doctorate from Theophany university Haiti contribution for the world literature 2025. SAHITYA RATNAKAR from New Delhi. Dr. Mayadhar Mansigh Saraswat Samman 2025. Doctorate in Gandhian Philosophy, Peace and Humanity 2025.

Doctorate from Victoria University for Peace 2026. UHE of Peru appointed him as a World Ambassador for Peace and Justice 2026.Valiant of the Nation Award 2026 on the eve of the 129th birthday commemoration for Subash Chandra Bose.

INTERNATIONAL BOOKS

1.Psalm of the Soul 2. Rise of New Dawn 3. Secret Of Torment 4. Everything I Never Told You. 5.Vision Of Life National Library Kolkata 6.100 Shadows of Dream 7. Timeless Anguish 8. Voice of Silence 9.I Cross my Heart from East to West and epistolary poetry with Kristy Raines, published in USA.

The Woman Shelling Beans

By Yeon Myung-ji

When you peel back a Type-B woman,
beans that sprouted upon dust spring forth.
With every sound of a rolling bean, a corner is carved out.
A corner: a place seen only
when you kneel and bow your head.
A place where tilted heads—
those nearly missed—begin to bud.
Therefore, shell the beans gently,
as if stroking them soft.
Such is the counsel of the corner.

Scattered sincerities
are gathered onto the dining table.
Within the husks, hollowed by heartache,
the rank regrets of things that lunged away
lie in a row, once-sunken pits.

Repeating mistakes cast far off in shallow sleep,
she opens her eyes to the morning sun.
From the woman’s listless calves, now a layer lighter,
baby mice flee in a frantic line.

“Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth”—
a fitting night resides within each bean pod.
Beans, born but a moment ago,
leave their hulls one after another
to simmer intimately, bubble-boil.
Every bean is nurturing
its own grain of a corner.

Profile

Poet Yeon Myeong-ji began her literary career in 2013 with the poetry collection 『Gashibi』, published in the Minerva Poetry Series.

Her published works include the poetry collections 『Sitting Like an Apple』 and 『Where would the House of the  Sorry’ be? 』 the e-poetry collection 『Seventeen Marco Polos,』 and the travel essay 『Step by Step, Walking the Camino.』

She has received the Tolstoy Literary Award, the Homi Literary Award, the Cheongsong Gaekju Literary Award, and the Aviation Literary Award. In 2025, she was awarded the Bronze Prize in Poetry at the Literature Asia Awards.

Her poems have been translated and published in local languages in India, Pakistan, Kosovo, Italy, Egypt, the United States, and Belgium,Greece,and Iraq.

In general, the results obtained scientifically confirm that innovative approaches in native language lessons significantly increase the effectiveness of working with a dictionary. This indicates the need to combine traditional methods with innovative approaches in the modern educational process, without completely rejecting them.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the process of working with a dictionary in native language lessons is one of the pedagogical areas that is of decisive importance in the formation of students’ speech development, level of thinking and communicative competence. The analysis conducted during the study showed that working with a dictionary is not just a process of teaching new words, but a complex methodological system that shapes students’ attitude to the language, develops their creative and independent thinking.

Traditional approaches – that is, methods of explaining, memorizing and translating words – although useful to a certain extent, cannot fully meet the requirements of today’s education. In a modern educational environment, it is necessary to involve students as active participants, increase their interest and direct them to independent research. In this regard, innovative methods significantly increase the effectiveness of working with a dictionary.

According to the results of the study, interactive methods (cluster, brainstorming, group work), digital technologies (electronic dictionaries, multimedia tools, mobile applications) and gamification elements contribute to the rapid and stable acquisition of vocabulary by students. In particular, these approaches increase students’ interest in the lesson, forming them as active participants and independent thinkers.

Also, the research revealed that when innovative methods are used, students develop not only their vocabulary, but also their speech literacy, level of logical thinking and creative approach. This directly affects the quality of education and the effective organization of the educational process.

In general, organizing work with vocabulary in native language lessons based on modern innovative approaches is one of the important factors in increasing educational efficiency. In the future, teachers should further improve these methods and widely apply them in the educational process. This will serve to form a high level of speech culture, independent thinking and creative approach in students.

REFERENCES

Gulamov A. Methodology of teaching the native language. – Tashkent: Teacher, 2010. – pp. 145–150.

Mahmudov N. Language and speech culture. – Tashkent: Science, 2018. – pp. 98–105.

Matchonov S. Interactive methods in native language education. – Tashkent: Innovation, 2020. – pp. 67–72.

Harmer J. How to Teach English. – London: Longman, 2007. – pp. 120–130.

Small Girl Big Devil

As quiet as I was 

your silence devoured me

I was spit into bits 

fed to pigeons

given a lollipop for this cross 

and left on someone’s door

who didn’t like children

so I became a woman

overnight 

in a back alley 

and you looked at your work 

said thy will be done

and fell into deep slumber 

as I crawled away in shame 

Monsters are made 

not born 

there’s still a monster under my bed 

I hear it deep within the empty night 

when dreams play tricks 

and lovers stop 

loving 

The morning so futile 

where I attempt to redeem 

us 

under the blood sun that rises 

over the arch of our terrace 

that hasn’t been used in decades 

and never will 

Since the city has climaxed 

we are spent within her

Alive 

but dead with guilt 

and old with fear 

Yet 

we sit together

numbly silent 

as a tomb

In Poison We Began

Your breath a siphon

of everything me

those late nights 

we plodded through our deadlands 

as vacant as the wind 

your lips a poison 

never matched 

(and we choose our poisons delicately)

Some burst of cosmic gases

from an unnamed planet 

as it flew apart 

fused us 

there isn’t a fiber 

between our skin 

our poison combined 

threaten

all the surroundings 

When I slink out 

from our skin 

I witness us

white and wrinkled 

posed as humans 

we glow toxic blue

in the moonlight 

We fold back

into each other’s poison

scrimmage until the moon

dies 

because we can’t ever 

leave pure things alone 

Sweet Darlings

There was something off

in my mother 

I’m sure I realized this at a young age

We salt our own wounds

to go back and revisit in some nostalgic way 

never does any good 

There’s a heroic bend to events 

we escaped from 

or got out of unscathed 

but it is bent and strange 

hope can be quiet rage in youth…..in the meek 

There are outliers for reasons 

back then I skirted darkness 

it was so natural 

to turn into those monsters 

the same ones I was born to

and some of us morph 

to become a hybrid 

pulling some old dark legacy 

along with a new creeping addiction

I don’t have to call up the dead

to ensure I’m awake nights 

I’ve been awake for decades 

fearing some floating stigma 

that will get me 

at some future point 

If there’s something off in me

the root goes deep 

my road went dark aways ago

I cry forward 

Kitty

The wind ever so lightly rustles the trees

there’s an egg in the blue jay’s nest

Kitty lights a Newport

blows that mint smoke straight into

the fresh morning air

we sit

sludgy and bent

ogle the simple shit

as if life never existed before

the blue egg

before martyrdom

Christ

dinosaurs

it’s all new today

cuz we heeled she says

Kitty coughs

deep and chunky

phlegm flows

over her lips

she wipes her mouth with a tissue

her potbelly ever so round

tits sag down 

while gravity sucks at her nipples

I light a Marlboro

nothin left to fear

that ain’t already spooked us

the egg

divine and speckly

imperfect

yet so pure

can’t take my eyes off it

almost the color 

of a Tiffany giftbox

Kitty grunts

asks who Tiffany is

I just want the egg to open at its time

without a hungry predator lurking

I want that baby blue jay for my own

some dormant motherhood beam

creeks in my dead womb

as if to ask

what happened to the many eggs

I’ve scrambled at the predator’s foaming jowls

A singular cry from the momma blue jay

the mother’s moan 

dates back to Mary

some invisible clock

that stops a heart

when necessary

as written in the Torah 

and we’ll come to it

Hole (For M.M.)

Your Frankenstein chariot

pieced together

from many dead Harleys

The rides to the beach

salt air sprayed us

from both sides of the bridge

and it was a freedom so epic

it engulfed us

Glittered eyelids

black leather

lust like dogs

hunger eats like a hole

we ain’t filling in this life

The bike on the boardwalk

us

staring into a future

we were unable to feed

sucking at the pure moment 

of innocence and death

too naive to know the difference

Boardwalk now is cracked

ripped and busted up

from the many storms 

I walk it alone from time to time

hungry to get to the point

That tipping point

when you and I meet 

as ghosts

The sea

Once upon a time..

The sea Once a sailor asked a dove, how is it to fly? and the dove answered, you ask me because you are every day at sea and with your strong boat you tear the waves in two. You have a brave crew and you are not afraid of storms.. Meanwhile I just fly, sometimes low, sometimes high, but I always meet clouds and planes, nothing exciting. You tell me about your adventures… So said the dove and the sailor, who was the captain of a boat, began to tell about the nights with the full moon and the mermaids crying on the reefs burnt with orange and red coral, to weep for their sisters or for the fortunes of travelers

and the stars twinkle merrily high up there in the firmament of heaven. Years ago there lived a dolphin in the waters of the Atlantic and sang and played with the other dolphins of his tribe, until one day he woke up and nothing was the same as before. Everything changed in his neighborhood, they were found to have plastic bottles and tons of tires in every coral cave, the algae got sick and the dolphins got stuck in the deepest caves. -But what’s going on? The sea became sick, the ocean became infected, the mullets answered him as they also passed by, looking for better and cleaner waters. – The sea got sick, but that doesn’t happen, the sea is a living organism

with the power of self-healing, it has iodine and phosphorus and salt, thought the dolphin… deciding to rise to the surface, to go and see up close what exactly happened. As soon as he climbed a little higher, he saw a terrifying sight, plastic bags and bottles were floating, and tires from cars and another pile of garbage. The dolphin started swimming back and forth restlessly and doing somersaults. It’s all true, he said over and over again. The sea became sick and filled with rashes and sores. I have to find a solution, but how can I? I’m small and ….. as he thinks he saw the careta careta  turtle carelessly swimming around, looking for food. I will ask about this careta careta  turtle..

she will be able to help me, since she often rises to the surface to give birth to her young, he thought and quickly made hasty movements with his tail, to reach her.. – What are you saying, did Thalassa get sick? the loggerhead turtle grimaced as he munched on a seaweed, Since when; Does he have a high fever? Let’s vacuum her, he replied and continued swimming towards a more fertile ground that also had plankton. – Suction cups, what is that again? These elders talk with incomprehensible words and never explain the inexplicable to us… all their philosophies and then… we , the new generations we are   lost  and we don’t know what we should do to find solutions!!!!

Lady Turtle Caretta – Caretta , I don’t want tips or suction cups, i need help….The Sea got sick and filled with rashes, and sores . We need to find a medical help, look around you, and  stop chewing.

..The loggerhead turtle stopped munching and looked around, facing a macabre sight, with plastic bags on every coral reef and plastic bottles lying on the bottom, and car tires blocking the entrance to  the main door of  homes of  the Smyrna , of the  

crabs and  the starfish and a  chaos was everywhere… .

Those aren’t viruses, the turtle said flatly and continued munching on her seaweed. – Isn’t it a virus? and how do you know that, wondered the dolphin – I just know it, and I also know who is responsible for this downfall… Probably the people are responsible!!! 

– People?

what is this, swamp fish? asked the dolphin in wonder – No, they are not swamp fish, 

people are people.

 They are different from us because they can stand and walk with their feet and move outside the water, they breathe and live by eating each other.. but also us , the fishes and other animals, but they don’t know how to hide their garbage, to recycle it, like we do , and  they just through their carbage into the sea. They did that.

I have a bad experience with them, I see how they treat me and my children when I go to the surface to give birth. They are monsters!!!- The dolphin was scared but said determinedly, monsters or dragons, I will go fight them and send them back their garbage. The dolphin  said  and swam angrily towards an unknown direction.

after months it was heard in the dolphin family that a small gray dolphin was caught in a fisherman’s net and died like a hero. They said it was found, swimming on the surface and very close to coasts and cities.

They said that every night he carried plastic bottles with his snout and left them on the beach, in the morning the people who went to the beach found mountains of plastic bottles and plastic bags waiting for them and they frowned and shouted and made faces and were very annoyed because they couldn’t bathe or sunbathe and they went to the beginning and asked the Municipality to clean up the waste, because some unconscious people threw it on the shore, and it prevents them from sitting comfortably or drinking their coffee, they couldn’t from the stench .

The municipality called the garbage trucks and collected 3 truckloads of plastic, and he didn’t know where to take it, since he himself knew that plastic doesn’t dissolve easily and takes thousands of years to decompose, but wherever he throws it or buries it , it will be harmful to the environment.. .However the whole story was, he ordered the trucks of waste to be taken to the dump and melted down. . Every night the dolphin continued to carry whatever plastic bag or other plastic he found thrown on the bottom and in the yard of the dolphin’ s house.

He also carried bottles and tin cans of soft drinks, he had also found friends, and the caretta-caretta turtle, and a couple of octopuses were coming to help him in this whole business. But no matter how much they emptied the bottom and how much they tried, the next day, they still found empty plastic bottles buried in the sand and mixed with their food. Yesterday, the Whale almost swallowed a soft drink cap and a small plastic spoon, they didn’t know where all this dirt was coming from, until one day, the loggerhead turtle, who was around the world, explained to them that this was garbage of the human and throw all   into all the seas.

All the fish have moved out of their caves and gone to other coral caves to stay. The loggerhead turtle said that the seas have no more plankton and much of the algae has been poisoned. – But we can’t live like this, in uncertainty and misery, said the dolphin angrily. We have to show them, that we are down here living with our families and the sea is getting sicker day by day. – And what should we do? Asked the turtle,

 they have destroyed everything  the forests and the air. They will never  stop …now they will destroy the sea.

– Should we act, should we send a message to these people? – But how; The turtle once said. There are many of them and they don’t speak the same language as us. They don’t understand us. – They understand us, insisted the dolphin. There are some of them, the little people who understand us. I feel it. We need to alert the little people to help us. To stop throwing their garbage into our sea. We will find a way. We have to if we want to stay alive and with clean seas. – How are you so sure? Caretta-caretta turtle replied. – Some time ago I traveled with my family to see distant relatives,

– our dolphin cousins, who live on a piece of land that is washed by the sea. There I had a strange encounter with a small man, I guess, I didn’t know what kind of animal it was, because I didn’t understand his speech and he didn’t come to the sea, only I was approaching the shore… – You’re still alive, you were lucky. People usually kill dolphins and all other fish, either for food or to make fertilizers for their skin. Monsters I tell you, I know them well, who am forced to wait long nights for them to leave, so that I can go lay my eggs and then I quickly run away and leave the unfortunates to their fate… They are all monsters, continued the Caretta turtle

– -I believe in this little man, he didn’t hurt me, nor did he try to imprison me. We played very often and he taught me many tricks too, I will try to find him and give him a message, the dolphin continued his thoughts optimistically.

.If I manage to get to shore again, there will be a way to send him a message. So I’ll tell you, people spend hours at the sea, on days when it’s always sunny. They sit lying down, and sometimes they turn to the right, sometimes to the left, on huge quilts, I often see them, said the turtle-caretta-caretta. It will be your only chance to send them a message, but only to the little people. I will tell you what you will do, you will find a glass bottle, it will surely be there near the coral reefs, you will bring it here and tell the seahorses and the cuttlefish to come to my house. –

. – But for what reason? He asked the surprised dolphin.-I have an idea, the turtle said meaningfully and continued to chew her seaweed. So it happened, when the sun’s rays were no longer visible, they all gathered in the coral cave of the caretta-caretta turtle. She opened her desk and took two feathers and a piece of paper, she told the cuttlefish to put as much force as she could and blow her ink over the feathers, she began to write and write on this paper and when she had finished folded and put them in the glass bottle that the dolphin holds for them. He turned to the seahorses and told them in a determined voice, now you know what to do.

The sea-horses galloped away with the bottle fastened between them, they swam for some time, until it was daylight when they reached a shore. With an acrobatic figure, they threw the glass bottle towards the shore and it went and got stuck, between some deckchairs, where a family was. A child who was carelessly playing with his buckets a little further, went to collect stones and shells and found the glass bottle. He took it and took it to his grandfather, look what I found, grandfather, a glass bottle with a message inside, it must be a treasure. Grandfather took the bottle, opened the cap and carefully took out the note and read aloud:

Here in this blue land that we inhabit, and you call the sea, we live before you are even born, before you even learn to walk, before you even know what you are?   We not disturb you ,you  not care. 

We demand

Stop throwing your trash here, 

stop throwing your plastic waste in our yard and poisoning our food. Stop right now!»

Signature 

The creatures of the sea

 Dolphins – whales – sharks

 Corals and algae