Christina Chin (plain)
Jerome Berglund (italic)
Ringtones
my universe
in his shirt pocket
heartbeats
consistently
inconsistent
phonetic bliss
he mispronounces
croissant
a word
in edgewise
our favourite spot
now it’s just a word
for love
afterhours
club
bonus of a playful twist
our shared notes app
is just “honey”
welcoming new deity
to the household
and honey I forgot
love as digital-age
sweetness
ripples from the
central fountain
President of the Smithsonian
President Al Wilson
Not content with taking.
Over the Kennedy Center
As part of the MAGA movement
Culture war against the communists
Radical left-wing Marxist
Enemies of real America.
Had described that the Smithsonian.
Must reflect traditional American values.
And avoid divisive or anti-American.
Or anti-Christian propaganda.
Therefore, he decreed,
The African American Studies Museum
Must close,
The African Art Museum
Must close.
The American Indian Museum
Must close.
The Smithsonian must be color blind.
And not to mention race or gender
Slavery or the treatment of American Indians,
And the whole Chinese Exclusion Act
And internment of Japanese Americans
Which was a good thing,
Or the holocaust, for that matter.
End anti-American, Anti-Christian,
Anti-MAGA, cultural Marxism
Radical lunatic left, CRT, DEI
And WOKE programming.
Throughout the Smithsonian.
The African American museum holdings
And the American Indian Museum
And the African Art Museum
Will be sold off at an auction.
So the president decreed
MAGA baby all the way
RESTORING TRUTH IN AMERICAN HISTORY: Today, President Donald J. Trump signed an Executive Order restoring truth and sanity to American history by revitalizing key cultural institutions and reversing the spread of divisive ideology.
President Trump aims to ensure that the Smithsonian is an institution that sparks children’s imagination, celebrates American history and ingenuity, serves as a symbol to the world of American greatness, and makes America proud.
The Order directs the Vice President, who is a member of the Smithsonian Board of Regents, to work to eliminate improper, divisive, or anti-American ideology from the Smithsonian and its museums, education and research centers, and the National Zoo.
The Order directs the Administration to work with Congress to ensure that future Smithsonian appropriations: (1) prohibit funding for exhibits or programs that degrade shared American values, divide Americans by race, or promote ideologies inconsistent with Federal law; and (2) celebrate women’s achievements in the American Women’s History Museum and do not recognize men as women.
The Vice President will work with congressional leaders to appoint members to the Smithsonian Board of Regents who are committed to advancing the celebration of America’s extraordinary heritage and progress.
The Order also directs the Secretary of the Interior restore Federal parks, monuments, memorials, statues, markers, or similar properties that have been improperly removed or changed in the last five years to perpetuate a false revision of history or improperly minimize or disparage certain historical figures or events.
In preparation for the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 2026, the Order directs the Secretary of the Interior to complete restorations and improvements to Independence Hall by that date.
COMBATING CORROSIVE IDEOLOGY: In the last decade, Americans have witnessed a concerted effort to rewrite American history and force our nation to adopt a factually baseless ideology aimed at diminishing American achievement. President Trump is fighting back by reestablishing truth in the historical narrative and restoring Federal sites dedicated to American heritage.
The prior administration pushed a divisive ideology that reconstrued America’s promotion of liberty as fundamentally flawed, infecting revered institutions like the Smithsonian and national parks with false narratives.
At Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, the Biden Administration sponsored training by an organization that advocates for dismantling “Western foundations” and that taught Park Rangers that their racial identity should dictate how they present history to visitors.
The Smithsonian Institution—once revered throughout the world as a symbol of American excellence—has recently promoted divisive ideology that American and Western values are harmful.
The American Art Museum currently features an exhibit that purports to address how “sculpture has been a powerful tool in promoting scientific racism” and claims that the United States has “used race to establish and maintain systems of power, privilege, and disenfranchisement.”
The National Museum of African American History and Culture has proclaimed that “hard work,” “individualism,” and “the nuclear family” are aspects of “White culture.”
The American Women’s History Museum plans to celebrate male athletes participating in women’s sports.
CELEBRATING AMERICAN GREATNESS: President Trump is committed to honoring America’s extraordinary heritage and building a sense of national pride.
President Trump signed an Executive Order on his first day in office to establish a task force to prepare for America’s 250th birthday.
This Order also protects America’s monuments from vandalism and calls for construction of the National Garden of American Heroes.
President Trump signed a memorandum ensuring Federal buildings reflect the timeless grandeur of traditional, classical architecture.
By signing this Executive Order, President Trump is ensuring that American history is celebrated accurately, fairly, and with pride—honoring the remarkable progress, liberty, and ingenuity that define our great nation.
Meanwhile, In The Real World, You Can Be Fired For Going To The Doctor
Meanwhile
In the real world
You can be fired
For going to the doctor.
the worker’s bosses.
Can refuse to let workers
go to the appointment.
As they are not required
To grant them leave
sick leave.
Bad for the bottom line
And they have no empathy
For workers.
Who are seen as
Merely disposable, interchangeable
Labor units of production.
Who should be replaced
By robots
as soon as possible.
People will be given a choice.
Go to work, gravely ill.
Or go to the EER.
And six hours later
Perhaps see an overwhelmed doctor
And told me to follow up.
With your primary care doctor.
Who the hell knows.
Who that is any more?
You get the bill
10,000 dollars,
Pay up sucker!
No money?
Not my problem.
And go back to find.
You have been fired.
For leaving or not showing
Up for your shift.
Doctors visit?
That’s not my problem.
You are going to die.
So be it.
We can find other workers.
Or robots to take your place.
Loser.
President Al Wilson Reverses Course on Climate Change, From Denial to Action in the Wake of National Catastrophe
With the destruction of most of Florida—including Mar-a-Lago—
Monster storms ravaging Texas,
And Los Angeles reduced to ash
By earthquake and fire,
President Al Wilson finally decided:
Climate change is real.
It is killing people—
Especially in red states
.
The costs of rebuilding are horrific.
The costs of doing nothing?
Even worse.
His advisors, once cautious, now urgent,
Convinced him to embrace
a rapid shift to green energy.
Solar, wind, geothermal—no longer fringe,
Now the backbone of survival.
And beyond Earth,
Plans accelerate for lunar and Martian colonies,
With NASA’s bioregenerative greenhouses already in prototype.
Underground cities, domed habitats—once sci-fi,
Now contingency plans.
Wilson must work with the world.
Not just to lead,
But to redeem.
If he fails,
And the world turns
into a hellscape man created,
History will remember him
As the worst leader
in human memory.
But if he succeeds—
If he reverses course,
And actually solves the problem—
He could be hailed
As the savior of humanity.
Doing something to change the future
Is good politics.
Continued climate denialism
Is bad politics.
And so,
He reverses course.
MAGA Dreams Come True
President AL Wilson
Had a dream
The MAGA dream
Coming true!
This time will be different
The internet and AI
Will be used
To make sure
That MAGA rules
And Christian values
Take over.
LGBT folks
Back in the closet
Where they beyond.
Women’s rights curtailed
Minorities deported.
Media tamed
The public distracted
By the latest fake
Celebrity scandal.
The rich live very well
With robot servants
Self-driving vehicles
Great health care.
Maybe even cloned body parts
But the poor
Will barely live
But who cares about them?
MAGA, Baby
The real scandal
The taking over
Of democracy
By the oligarchs
Not talked about.
The secret camps
Filled with people
Who disappear.
Climate change
well the rich
Can live on
In walled off
underground shelters.
The rest of the public
Who cares?
And so it goes
Democracy dies
In broad daylight
MAGA baby!
John (“Jake”) Cosmos Aller is a novelist, poet, and retired U.S. Foreign Service officer who served in ten countries. Prior to joining the State Department, he taught overseas for eight years and served in the Peace Corps in Korea. He currently divides his time between Korea and the United States. His poetry blog can be found at https://theworldaccordingtocosmos.com.
“The internal structure of the planet Saturn”
A second-year student in the Astronomy program at Termiz State University
Annotation:
This article explores the internal structure of Saturn, the second-largest planet in the Solar System. It examines the composition and characteristics of its core, metallic hydrogen layer, molecular hydrogen envelope, and atmospheric features. Special attention is given to the processes influencing Saturn’s internal heat, magnetic field, and rotation. The study also discusses current scientific models and data obtained from space missions, which contribute to a deeper understanding of the planet’s formation and evolution
Kalid so’z:
Keywords: Saturn, internal structure, core composition, metallic hydrogen, planetary science, gas giants, atmosphere, magnetic field.
The Internal Structure of Saturn
Saturn is the second-largest planet in the Solar System, with a diameter of approximately 120,536 km and a mass about 95 times that of Earth. It belongs to the class of gas giants.
1. Core
Saturn is believed to have a solid core at its center.
Estimated diameter: around 25,000 km.
Composition: iron, nickel, oxygen, silicates, and ice mixtures.
Estimated temperature: ~11,700 °C.
2. Metallic Hydrogen Layer
Located above the core.
Under extreme pressure and temperature, hydrogen takes on a metallic form. The planet’s strong magnetic field is generated by movements within this layer.
3. Molecular Hydrogen Layer
Composed mainly of molecular hydrogen mixed with helium.
Temperature increases with depth.
4. Atmosphere
Main composition: 96% hydrogen, 3% helium, with traces of methane, ammonia, and other gases.
Cloud layers are divided into three main zones from top to bottom:
Ammonia ice clouds Ammonium hydrosulfide clouds
Water ice clouds
5. Heat Source
Saturn emits about 2.5 times more heat than it receives from the Sun.
This is due to the Kelvin–Helmholtz process (gravitational compression) and helium rain.
6. Research
Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 (1979–1981) provided the first comprehensive data about Saturn.
Cassini–Huygens (2004–2017) gathered highly detailed information about Saturn, its rings, and moons.
Saturn or Zuhal (Arabic) — one of the nine major planets of the Solar System; the sixth planet from the Sun in terms of distance. Its astronomical symbol is ♄. The average distance from the Sun is 9.58 astronomical units (1,429.3 million km). In terms of size, it ranks second after Jupiter. Due to its orbital eccentricity of 0.056, this distance decreases at perihelion and increases at aphelion. Saturn completes one full revolution around the Sun in 29 years and 167 days. Its rotation period at the equator is 10 hours 14.5 minutes, increasing toward the poles, as on Jupiter. Saturn’s average radius is 58,000 km, and at the equator it is close to 60,000 km. Its density is 0.72 g/cm³ (about 0.13 of Earth’s density), and its mass is 5.681 × 10²⁷ g (95.28 times that of Earth). It is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. The inclination of Saturn’s equator to its orbital plane is 26°45′. Elongated dark belts along the equator and white spots can be observed on its surface.
Spectroscopic studies have shown that Saturn’s atmosphere is mainly composed of hydrogen (H₂) and methane (CH₄); later, acetylene (C₂H₂) and ethane (C₂H₆) were also discovered. Infrared observations indicate a temperature of about 95 K. Saturn emits regular radio waves and has its own magnetic field. Even at such low temperatures, methane and ammonia remain in a gaseous state in its atmosphere. Saturn was first observed by Galileo in 1610.
Saturn’s most remarkable feature is its ring system, which lies in the plane of its equator. The rings are mainly composed of three distinct concentric parts: the innermost S ring, the middle V ring, and the outer A ring. All rings are almost transparent, allowing the stars behind them to be seen. The gap between the A and V rings is called the Cassini Division. The rings are a few kilometers thick, have a diameter of about 250,000 km, and are roughly 100 million years old. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, it was established that the rings are not solid, but consist of numerous solid particles orbiting Saturn according to Kepler’s laws. Their infrared spectra are very similar to those of ice and frost.
Saturn has 22 known natural satellites. The largest among them are Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion, Iapetus, Phoebe, and Janus. Titan, with a diameter of 4,850 km, is one of the largest satellites in the Solar System (larger than the Moon). Titan possesses an atmosphere composed of methane and hydrogen. Of Saturn’s moons, only Phoebe moves in a retrograde orbit relative to the others.
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest in the Solar System. Along with Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, it belongs to the class of gas giants. It is named after the ancient Roman god Saturnus (Unicode: ♄).
Saturn is composed mainly of hydrogen, with small amounts of helium and other elements. The region near its core consists of rock and ice, surrounded by metallic hydrogen. Its outer atmosphere is generally uniform in appearance, although persistent storms sometimes occur. Winds on Saturn can reach speeds of up to 1,800 km/h, which is much faster than those on Jupiter. Saturn has a magnetosphere weaker than Earth’s but stronger than Jupiter’s.
Saturn is famous for its rings, which are made primarily of ice particles mixed with dust. Many moons orbit the planet — about sixty are currently known. Titan, Saturn’s largest moon and the second largest in the Solar System (after Ganymede), is larger than Mercury and is the only natural satellite in the Solar System known to have a dense atmosphere.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1. Mamadazimov, M., and A. B. Narbayev. “An e-learning guide for students of the 11th grade of secondary education and secondary special, vocational education institutions.” (2018).
2. Bahramovich N. A. STRUCTURE AND DIDACTICAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE ELECTRONIC TRAINING MANUAL ON ASTRONOMY DEVELOPED FOR PUPILS OF THE 11TH GRADES OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS BASED ON MEDIA EDUCATION //Archive of Conferences. – 2020. – Т. 5. – №. 1. – С. 40-42.
3. Narbaev A. B. Advantages of using media technology in astronomy teaching //Journal of Innovations in Pedagogy and Psychology. – №. 2. 4. Narbaev A. B. METHODS OF USING MEDIA EDUCATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING THE TOPIC” VISUAL MOTION OF THE SUN AND STARS” //Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education. – 2020. – Т. 2020. – №. 1. – С. 119-125.
4. Ksanfomaliti L. V., Planeti otkritie zanovo, M., 1978; Kulikovskiy P. G., Spravochnik lyubitelya astronomii, M., 1971; Silkin B.I., V mire mnojestva lun, M., 1982; Mamatazimov M., Quyosh sistemasi haqida ocherklar, T., 1984
5. OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
———————————————————————————
the masters of this
listening to
a grateful dead
song stuck on
repeat
trying to
convince
myself my
father’s hate
is not my own
isn’t social media
outrage just the
latest version of
a circle jerk
go lay in the
sun and see
if the grapes
become raisins
we used to be
the masters of
this
then,
we trained
our own
replacements
now,
science fiction
is reality
i guess i should
have played
dungeons and
dragons after
all
—————————————————–
too close for comfort
let’s go dancing
on the moon
drink until the
fireworks get
too close for
comfort
steal some kisses
while there is still
time to love
i ache for your
beauty like a lost
soul that can see
home but can
never return
and with each
temptation the
ache only grows
depravity pats me
on the shoulder
and talks about
his long lost
friend, dystopia
i remember
a teenager
reading
bukowski
and thought
he had it all
figured out
he couldn’t see
all the traps
ahead
now stuck,
realizing time
is all that is left
————————————————————–
memories of fifth street
i can close my eyes
and hear a saxophone
playing like the seventeen
year old trapped inside
of me remembers chain
smoking cigarettes and
asking drunks for a sip
i would often get lost
in the stunning eyes of
some woman thirty years
older than me
it never turned out well
drunk husbands aren’t
willing to listen most
nights
the best nights i would
smoke clove cigarettes
and the saxophone would
wail like all the greats
were back in town
stay quiet
be the mystery
develop the ability
to shut the fuck up
some of the best
advice i ever got
most end of the nights
fables about death
would entertain the
younger me
now, i’m living
them out
——————————————————-
my next words
she walked in
with a frilly little
thing on
i got behind her
and whispered
now, there’s something
i would love to take off
with my teeth
she turned around
i was waiting to
be slapped
instead, she licked her
lips and asked what else
can you do with that mouth
i got her a drink and
we sat down at the bar
i knew i better choose
my next words very
carefully
——————————————————————————————–
flattery
and here comes
this model
come fuck me
heels, fuck me
eyes, an ass to
fucking die for
she’s a flirt, i’m
a poet, of course
there was fireworks
i’d love to tell her
about the suicide
poems while she’s
sitting on my face
she laughed
asked for another
ten dollars to keep
the conversation
going
i’m a glutton,
will pay for
flattery
hell, there are days
where humans don’t
even speak to me
who am i to thumb
my nose at someone
saying they like a
man that is creative
and daring and so
descriptive about
what he would do
with his tongue
in all the places
J.J. Campbell (1976 – ?) is old enough to know better. He’s been widely published over the years, most recently at The Beatnik Cowboy, The Rye Whiskey Review, Disturb the Universe Magazine, Misfit Magazine and Mad Swirl. You can find him most days betting pennies on baseball and soccer, while taking care of his disabled mother. He still has a blog, but rarely has the time to write on it. (https://evildelights.blogspot.com)
Change of seasons
Mardonova Marjona Muhsin kizi
Student of Polytechnic No. 1
Tel number: 998-94-326-58-50
Annals:
Each person has their own favorite season. For example, my favorite season is autumn. Some people choose spring or winter, summer. Psychologists say that a person’s character chooses these seasons. Each season has its own charm and beauty, we see this beauty every 3 months because at that time the seasons change. During the change of seasons, weather changes can be a little difficult for a person, but you need to enjoy these processes, see and feel them. The change of 4 seasons during the year directly causes astronomical phenomena. For example: the movement of the earth around the sun, the tilt of the earth’s axis is one of the main factors. These four seasons bring about different phenomena.
Keywords:
Nature, change of seasons, years, weather, people, astronomical, earth’s axis, beauty, lush green, similarity.
Introduction:
As I mentioned at the beginning of my speech, these seasons that show everyone’s character, there is a season that shows my character too, this season is autumn. I like autumn because autumn reflects the happy and sad states of people. Autumn attracts with its golden leaves. Autumn neither expresses happy nor sad moments. The weather in autumn is changeable, cloudy, rainy, sunny, and sometimes even cloudy. There is another season that is similar to autumn, this is spring. In spring, the same events occur as in autumn. Spring is the opposite of autumn, while autumn shows joy and sadness, while spring often shows joyful times. Spring is the favorite season of many people. The reawakening of trees in spring makes people feel as if they are full of strength and energy.
Main part:
At the beginning of my speech, I talked about two seasons that are similar to each other. Now, after spring, we will talk about the season that brings with it heat and heat. After these words, it will be clear which season is coming, it is summer. In the heat and heat of summer, most people go to the mountains and fields to relax. Because only there can they enjoy the cool heat of summer. Another season that gives the opposite of summer is winter. If it gives bitter cold in winter, it gives hot heat in summer. Winter is also a very beautiful season. Winter has its own special charm. It is a great joy to see the trees turn a white, miraculous color in winter.
Conclusion:
Each season has its own special recipes. You just need to see these four seasons appear one after another and enjoy them. All these words are the miraculous change of seasons in the weather.
References:
1. Erkin Vohidov – Spring has come, questioning you.
2. Zulfiya – Summer rain.
3. Gafur Ghulom – Spring.
The Natural World
The natural world becomes less natural when
We leave behind our plastic past
When we throw inorganic debris into its sea
When we secretly dump our toxic waste in reprehensible haste
When impervious politicians push back against laws
To keep our flawless green spaces green and clean
When we stump on the seeds of the earth by cutting down trees
To make more room for the gentrification of our open spaces
To the dehumanization and exclusion of “other” races
The natural world becomes less natural when
We don’t ardently squawk our exhortations against unnatural offences
It will be more natural when it finally dawns on us that
WE WILL ALL SUFFER THE CONSEQUENCES!!!
Natural Haikus
Opened eyes see cloudy skies
Summer rain will fall down to earth
Gives rise to the rose…
Sun shines behind shady clouds
Naked trees do a grotesques winter dance
Waiting for clouds to fall
Birds waggle in their nests
Spring gives rise to fools for love
Happily flipping off the snowflakes
The Jolly Butterfly
“Jolly Butterfly” image c/o Jacques Fleury
The jolly jolie butterfly is throwing a party
It is expected to be a treat to its natural family
It is staging a grand theatrical production
And it’s seeking principal backers
So naturally it is producing a backers’ audition
Where it will beckon all their butterfly and insect ancestry
To strut contentiously their intrinsic beauty and esthetic ability
So that all the spectators can see
All those who work tirelessly
To speak up!
Stand up!
And own up!
When it comes to circumstances
Involving environmental grievances
All their allies from environmental protection agencies
And passionate college students from MASSPIRG
Ensures that their voices are HEARD!
Vociferously voice their obsecration
To liberate the earth from ostracization
So, the jolly jolie butterfly is throwing a party
And you are naturally invited to celebrate earthly beauty
That it is unstintingly striving to hold onto for posterity…
Jacques Fleury is a Boston Globe featured Haitian American Poet, Educator, Author of four books and literary arts student at Harvard University online. His latest publication “You Are Enough: The Journey to Accepting Your Authentic Self” & other titles are available at all Boston Public Libraries, the University of Massachusetts Healey Library, University of Wyoming, Askews and Holts Library Services in the United Kingdom, The Harvard Book Store, The Grolier Poetry Bookshop, Amazon etc… He has been published in prestigious publications such as Spirit of Change Magazine, Wilderness House Literary Review, Muddy River Poetry Review, Litterateur Redefining World anthologies out of India, Poets Reading the News, the Cornell University Press anthology Class Lives: Stories from Our Economic Divide, Boston Area Small Press and Poetry Scene among others…Visit him at: http://www.authorsden.com/jacquesfleury.–
“ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF UZBEKISTAN NATIONAL VALUES AND CHARACTER” IN THE MOVIE “SUV YOQALAB”, “IMAGE CREATION SKILL”
Kokand State University
Faculty of Uzbek and Russian Philology
Scientific supervisor: Ergasheva Sugdiyona
Student: Nomozaliyeva Hilolaxon
Abstract. This article examines the artistic interpretation of the Uzbek national character in the short story “Suv yoqalab” by the people’s writer of Uzbekistan, Erkin A’zam. The work analyzes how the national character is manifested psychologically, socially, and culturally, and how the characteristics of the national mentality are reflected through the main characters. Text analysis, comparison, and synthetic approaches are used in the research process. Also, as a result of the research, the writer effectively highlights the main features of the Uzbek national character: hard work, valuing family and generation, harmony with nature, and spiritual wealth, using the possibilities of the short story genre.
Keywords: artistic analysis of the short story “Suv yoqalab,” national values and mentality, national character, characteristics of characters, short story genre, psychological method.
Introduction
There are many unique works in world literature, but each work is distinguished from the other by its ideas, characters, author’s position, and style. Of course, the era in which the author lived, the place where he grew up, and the social environment have a great influence on this. Undoubtedly, the work clearly shows which nationality the author represents. Representatives of any nationality in the world differ sharply from each other in that they have their own national and universal values. The film “Suv yoqalab” by Erkin A’zam vividly depicts the traditional values and national character of the Uzbek nation, and we will try to shed light on them through this article.
National values are a concept that reflects the unique qualities of each nation, and they represent the contribution and place of that nation in its cultural heritage, which has been formed in the process of its development. As long as a nation exists, its national values also apply. National values are formed and improved together with the nation. National values are based on the national idea. Therefore, if a state wants to subjugate other nations, it foremost tries to deprive them of their national values. This includes the historical, cultural, religious, and spiritual heritage of the people.
In today’s era of globalization, preserving the national idea, the ideology of independence and our spiritual values, instilling them in the minds of the younger generation are becoming one of the urgent tasks. The principles put forward by our President are also starting a new stage in this direction. “If the body of society is the economy, then its soul and spirit are spirituality. Since we have decided to build a new Uzbekistan, we will rely on two strong pillars. The first is a strong economy based on market principles. The second is a strong spirituality based on the rich heritage of our ancestors and national values,” says the head of our state. Although I. Ergashev, B. Abdullayev, M. Kakharov, D. Rakhimova, Kh. Khidirov have conducted their research in this regard, the existing studies have not sufficiently analyzed the reflection of national values in our works and the main features of the Uzbek national character. Therefore, this article is aimed at highlighting these aspects, at the manifestation of national values in the work of our writers. This analysis is based on Erkin A’zam’s short story “Suv yokalab”, which won the “Serebryanniy Vityaz” award at the “Zolotoy Vityaz” international film forum (Moscow).
Literature analysis and methodology:
We used the Izoh.uz website in the article. Because this dictionary served as the main theoretical source in defining the conceptual foundations of terms such as national values, spirituality, moral principles, and national character in the article. In particular, this source was the basis for providing an understanding of the spiritual roots of the concept of “national value” and how they are formed in the public consciousness. In addition, while writing our article, we also reviewed the collection of articles “The Importance of National Values and Spiritual Heritage in the Development of Society”. This collection discusses the importance of national values and spiritual heritage in the development of society, the history of national values, the socio-political views of our thinkers, modern propaganda technologies in promoting national values and spiritual heritage, issues of covering national values in the media, and the problems of propaganda methodology. Erkin A’zam’s story “Suv Yoqalab” is the main object of artistic analysis of our article. Plot analysis, image system, character coverage, symbols, and expression of national values are written directly based on this film story.
The work was carried out using the method of text analysis, the components of the work: plot, image system were deeply analyzed. Each element of the text was considered from the point of view of the aspects in which the national character is manifested. The historical literary method was used, that is, the work was analyzed in the context of the period in which it was created, taking into account the stages of development of Uzbek literature, and, most importantly, the method of psychological analysis was used to illuminate the spiritual world of the heroes, their character traits, and their connection with the national mentality. Also, the intercultural method was used to show the national customs and traditions reflected in the work.
Analysis and result
The term “film story” began to appear in our literature from the second half of the 20th century. Writers such as Sharof Rashidov, Jamol Kamol and Usmon Azim published some of their works under this name. In particular, as a result of the creative efforts of Erkin A’zam, works of this type began to form as a separate genre and showed their own unique characteristics.
It is natural that in the literary process, signs characteristic of a certain type or genre are also found in other genres. However, when the theoretical foundations of a particular genre take precedence, these criteria determine its poetic essence. This situation is also clearly visible in the example of film stories in Erkin A’zam’s work. Although film stories meet the requirements of the prose genre in terms of their external structure, their internal pathos and artistic direction are combined with the characteristics characteristic of the dramatic genre.
In particular, in the film story “Suv yoqalab”, dramatism is manifested as the main aesthetic principle. In this work, the development of the plot, the character of the characters, and the dynamics of events are built in accordance with the criteria of spectacle. This aspect, in turn, ensures the proximity of the film story to the dramatic genre. As is known, spectacle is considered the main aesthetic requirement of the dramatic genre. Therefore, this feature is increasingly becoming legitimate in the poetic structure of the film story.
In addition, the fact that Erkin A’zam’s short stories pay special attention to the most important dramatic climaxes of events, and the concise presentation of irony and psychological analysis shows the uniqueness of his literary style. Moreover, by reflecting them in the midst of life’s trials, the writer’s artistic concept is further deepened. Thus, it shows that Erkin A’zam’s short stories are not only forming as an independent genre, but also that they are an effective example of inter-genre synthesis.
The analyzed short story “Suv yoqalab” is a work skillfully created by the author in revealing the artistic expression of national values. The short story compositionally corresponds to the Uzbek national storytelling style. The plot of the work is formed on the basis of events occurring around the main character. This developing plot reveals various aspects of the national way of life. For example, the nature of the main character reflects the traditional approach of the Uzbek people to the natural environment. Through the images in the work, national values such as family, the institution of the family and its role in society, respect for elders, support for youth, love for the Motherland, teamwork, loyalty, honor, honesty, and justice are shown. That is, we can see that the main character of the work, Bolta Mardon, intervenes when the wives of Hasan-Husan are fighting for water, stops the fighting, and makes a fair judgment, that he does not give water to a fellow villager who once robbed the state warehouse, that he is generous to his fellow villagers, that he whips his son who has chosen a dirty path to correct him, and that he lies for the peace of a family. While describing the events of the work, we can say that Erkin A’zam used new artistic conventions with great skill through Bolta Mardon’s stubborn, stubborn, intolerant, and just character. Another skill of our creator is in choosing suitable names for each of the heroes of the work. For example, if we pay attention to the name of the main character – Bolta Mardon, we see that this name was not chosen by chance. “Axe” is a sharp, cutting, powerful weapon, and the character of the character is also in harmony with this tool. Giving him the name “Axe” refers to his character, behavior, firmness in speech, and his place in society. Every word that comes out of Bolta Mardon’s mouth is like an ax – clear, sharp, and impressive. What he says “reaches the target without fail,” that is, he boldly and fearlessly expresses his opinion and is able to subordinate those around him to it. So, through the name “Axe Mardon,” the author reveals the spiritual world and social position of the hero using artistic means. In Erkin A’zam’s short stories, the plot is usually built in chronological or concentric forms. In a chronological plot, events develop in chronological order, while in a concentric plot, events develop around a center. Exposition plays an important role in the author’s works.
Through it, the characters, their environment, character and time are introduced, and the viewer or reader is immersed in the events of the work. Exposition can be in various forms – direct, reverse, mixed or delayed. This provides different ways of entering the plot. Erkin A’zam mainly uses direct and mixed expositions in his works. Through these methods, he gradually introduces the reader to the development and atmosphere of events.
The work in our analysis begins with the words “A spacious courtyard. A tall igloo in the middle of the three-sided building. Beyond the igloo is a dense, wooded garden.” At first glance, it is an exposition that begins like a typical work, but we can see symbolic meanings in it. For example, in the sentence “A three-sided building,” our writer describes a large family consisting of three small households and united by a “tall igloo.” The head of that family is Bolta Mardon. When we imagine the image of Bolta Mardon, our solid, heavy, and respected fathers or grandfathers come to mind. His stature, the way he wears a skullcap, and the way he walks with his belt tightly tied — all of these are vivid expressions of our national traditions and values. Although Bolta Mardon has left his post as chairman, his concern for the people’s suffering and his willingness to put the interests of the people above his own interests still make him a respected person among the people. These qualities, in turn, directly stem from our national upbringing, ancient traditions, and values such as humanity, solidarity, and kindness inherited from our ancestors. In the work, Bolta Mardon is depicted not only as a just leader, but also as a loving father, a patriot, and an honorable person. In his image, we see true examples of national character – patience, patriotism, honesty, and loyalty to the people. His daughter, Zulfiya, who was raised by him, also grew up with national values such as thoughtfulness, modesty, patience, and loyalty to her parents, characteristic of an Uzbek woman. She puts respect for her parents and loyalty to her family in the first place. Writing about her, the author expresses the purity and innocence inherent in the nature of an Uzbek woman in one sentence: “Zulfiya’s house. A small courtyard. A lot of greenery, a lot of greenery.”
Indeed, the writer’s works mainly illuminate the lives of ordinary people in a rural environment. They have a unique image and skillfully reveal complex but sincere feelings. The writer places special emphasis on highlighting not only everyday events, but also the inner experiences, hopes, and spiritual conflicts of the characters. For example, Bolta Mardon’s three sons seem to depict his youth. The eldest son represents his youthful energy, pride, and arrogance, the middle son represents his unfulfilled dreams and unachieved goals, and the youngest son represents his unrealized dreams and aspirations in life. “Does a father mean a prophet? I tell you not to be as vain as I am… If you marry, find a woman who will never disappoint you. Your mother is a very good woman, she has never done anything wrong to me. Moreover, she gave birth to brave sons like you. But it’s hard when your heart is not full…”, he says, advising his youngest son.
In Erkin A’zam’s work, the ideas expressed in the vernacular, the brilliance of artistic observation and means of depiction distinguish him from others.
In this work, one of the qualities inherent in humanity – to do good to people, that is, the concept of goodness, plays an important role. In the development of events, the fight against any oppression and evil is carried out not with weapons, but with the illuminating spiritual light – goodness. The images depicted in the work, especially the image of Hamro Baba, strengthen the artistic and philosophical basis of this idea. Although Hamro Baba is blind, his faith in life, humanity and the power of goodness is impressively illuminated. The wisdom that is said in his language, “He who brings water, the path of the one who sees water becomes clear,” puts forward the idea that a person who does good will definitely reach the “illuminated path.”
In conclusion, national values, national character and national spirit are among the main factors determining the content of literary and artistic works. It is through literature that writers fulfill the “mission” of transmitting the historical heritage, traditions, religious beliefs and moral principles of the people from generation to generation. Such works play an important role in the spiritual formation of the modern reader, as well as in the process of self-awareness.
In the work of Erkin A’zam, the national spirit, national character and traditional thinking have found a deep artistic expression. The heroes in his works reflect the mentality of the Uzbek people with their natural stature, complex mental state, inner experiences and relationship to the environment. Through a variety of images, the author creates life events familiar to every reader. This makes the literary work even closer to the reader. In particular, the reflection of rural life, folk thinking, kindness, patience, respect and family life are expressed in the works in a realistic and convincing way. By comparing yesterday and today, the writer analyzes the changes in the human spiritual world, how personal experiences are manifested against the background of changes in society. As a result, the literary work is not only an artistic phenomenon that gives aesthetic pleasure, but also a means of preserving and developing national identity.
References:
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2. From the article “The issue of national values and national character” by Munisa Mavrulova, senior lecturer at the Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture, Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy
3. Erkin A’zam. The story “Suv yoqalab” // Collection: “Jannat o ‘zi qadadir”. – “Sharq” NMAK editorial office, Tashkent – 2007
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