Curious of the heart.

He liked the skies of Allah,

In the filled, my lime patiently ended.

Erk gave us a tomb lying on us,

It is said that we have lost to theanan.

The touched by a debt,

He is a way of our grew up in our breasts.

The unable to save is a dead bars,

If we do not cure, they will say that we will salt us,

I am not selfish to my people,

An old call is not the old gray.

If I do not have an eye on sight of Turks,

I’m saying that I have won the Armon rivers.

If the loads are the gang, my eyes are tears,

If a fluffy throws my chest, I can.

If the Turkish robe begins to the ground,

It is said that I went through this world.

Urgench State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Philology and History, Uzbek Language and Literature, 3rd year student.

READING, WRITING, & RIFLES *

The Minnesota school year starts– high hopes!

Kids greet old friends, begin a brand new grade,

their backpacks filled with new crayons and glue sticks.

Morning begins with Mass. The students pray

together, sharing optimism and faith—

until the gunfire starts.  Round after round

sprays through a stained-glass window, firing wild.

Two kids are killed, and 18 more are wounded.

Terror, shock, and panic fill the church.

One boy, shielding his friend, shot in the back.

A wounded girl keeps pleading, “Hold my hand.”

There’s no escape. The shooter barred a door

with a 2X4. Brought three guns. Used them all—

a rifle, shotgun, pistol. Perfect tools

for someone standing outside, shooting in.

Just like the shooter’s heroes in the news.

It takes a lot of hate to mow down children—

faces bright with eagerness and promise.

What kind of mind resents their zest and joy?

Seeks only to destroy, destroy, destroy?

And why can some young person filled with rage

buy gun after gun after gun– no questions asked?

This feast of hate was crowned by suicide.

Without guns, toxic hate would not be fatal.

*  On August 27, 2025, a sniper shot through a Church window at children attending a Mass that opened the school year for Annunciation Catholic School in Minneapolis. Two dead, 18 wounded.

ICE WELCOMES STRANGERS

ICE targets brown—brown eyes, brown hair, brown skin.

Storm troopers drag whole families from rich fields,

leaving crops half-picked. These bounty hunters

seize brown workers from construction sites,

hotel staffs, work crews, courts, meat-packing plants.—

disrupting businesses, creating holes

that can’t be filled. A green card’s not a shield.

Even immigration court’s not safe.

Brown workers hide, afraid of ICE’s thugs.

On streets, masked gunmen driving unmarked vans

jump out, grab targets, drive off– sowing fear.

ICE operates like mob enforcement gangs.

Fills up detention camps with immigrants

who work, pay taxes, send their kids to school,

send money home to families in need.

Some holding cells are clean, at least. But one—

the Alcatraz built in the Everglades–

a hell-hole! Florida’s new pride and joy.

Who works for ICE? Enjoys the snatch-and-grab–

strong-arming, terrorizing, playing rough?

These Christian soldiers, battling immigrants,

feel justified. Just get the vermin out!

When preachers drag up that old bible verse,

“I was a stranger, and you welcomed me…” *

the words bounce off. That propaganda’s woke!

A better watchword’s this: thou shalt not covet

thy neighbor’s country. Look out—here comes ICE!

* Matthew 25:35

Promise

The courtesy of ever brimming love

The fountain of lost promises

Of lands and antique mountain heroes

They sung a different lullaby

To keep the vigil intact of broken dreams

A dream is a moving wish for penchant hope

I stand at the gate of eternity

Of heavenly shadows and rainbow dreams

A penmanship of an author lost and found

As the river ran a thousand depths

For the feeling of innumerable grief

As if my heart string was tied to a shadow.

ROULETTE

I finger your empty chamber

put you to my lips

BANG

ALL DECISIONS OF THE COMMITTEE SHALL BE FINAL

Your hand is your destiny,

slight or calloused.

So, whether you be an artist

or you be a thief,

no matter where your heart is,

you’ll come to grief.

There’s a Hanging Committee

for the gallows,

and one for the gallery.

ISES MAY BE ISN’TS

It’s rape, not sex, unless it is

reciprocal, enjoyable,

spontaneous, and synchronous.

Sabers and foils, not visors, veils —

What we may get’s not what we want.

When we need sails we may have gales.

Land that’s fragrant’s also vacant.

No interval is eternal.

All that’s secret is not sacred.

THE DANCE: NANCY

I said I wouldn’t dance with you;

Your hair’s too blond, your eyes too blue.

A loaded gun and fully cocked,

dynamite cap set to go off.

I swore I wouldn’t dance with you.

She’s too proud of humility.

Her giant modesty towers from her knees.

She’s so proud of humility, the giant Modesty towers from the knees.

Even us healthy ones she treats like disease.

I said I wouldn’t dance with you.

Your arms, I knew, would hold like glue

No neon ever hijacked us,

I refused to be target practice

I knew I’d never dance with you.

Oversharp in her ignorance, she’s

indisputably a genius between the knees.

Oversharp in her ignorance, undeniably she’s a genius between her knees.

The peacock preens, pretending that no one sees.

I said I wouldn’t dance with you:

The night’s too young, too bright’s the view.

But that bandit moon lit the fuse,

and insurgent night made the news,

though I’d said I’d never dance with you.

dancing in the moon

light with Nancy and kissing her good –

Night

comes quickly this time of year

and icily as well: the wind

bites nicely and to the quick –

oh these thoughts! are dancing nicely

through the wind kissing this memory

somehow – I can hear the

memory embers

hissing in the wind (is sharp

this time of year) like java in the night

comes dark and sharp and bitter.

spring it was or was it fall? (no matter)

(no matter at all the season) the reason

I recall at all is Nancy her name

whispers in the moon light, or

is it the night

wind that’s light

or was it the fall –

– no matter –

it was time and she was mine and we were

hours until the dawn (comes quickly, this time)

and I must go on:

I wanted to go on, to bound

fast as the hound Wind

and as free too but I was bound too fast to this ground

and ground too far down and

ground far too fine too but I danced on

with Nancy ‘til I was out of time

and out of mind (but I must go on for now)

I dance with my mind I dance

with the wind and the night and the ice and

but where is the Nancy?

I dance with memory and death and death and memory

and now the dancing’s through, for

every spring one makes fall’s not far behind –

and life and mind and the night and the wind

go quickly this year of time and mightily as well

and all matter

(but no matter)

…

“My radiant homeland, Uzbekistan! The land of devotees like Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy, Fitrat and Cho’lpon. My bright land, where faith and Islam are my constant companions, my Uzbekistan. I am proud to be a lover of such a country, and I am also proud that our Hazrat Jadids, who endured all difficulties for the happiness and prosperity of this country and sacrificed their lives to lead the Motherland from darkness to light, are my ancestors!

O’g’iloy Bunyodbekovna Muhammadjonova. Born on September 11, 2010, in Qo’rg’ontepa district, Andijan region, into an intellectual family. Currently a 9th-grade student at School No. 5 (IDUM). Due to her interest in poetry, she regularly writes poems.

Her Achievements:

*   President of the Self-Governance Body of School No. 5 (IDUM)

*   Host of the school’s radio broadcasts

*   Host of the “Yulduzli Tabrik” project

*   Holder of over 15 international certificates

*   Youth Ambassador of the Wakelet Community in Uzbekistan

*   Member of the “Young Reformers” Council

*   Qo’rg’ontepa District Volunteer

*   Winner of district and regional essay competitions

FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE

Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute

Lecturer: Rayimova Dilfuza Abdinabiyevna

Abstract This article discusses the theoretical foundations of developing students’ communication competence, the importance of mastering their native language and improving the level of speech communication skills, and highlights the system of professionally significant qualities. It also emphasizes the need to focus on methodological support for diagnosing professional mastery.

Keywords language education, ability to communicate, fostering the quality of enjoying communication, cultivating aesthetic education, developing independent thinking. The aim is to enhance student competence through such communication.

Main Part Taking into account that language develops as society progresses, the issue of enriching native language teaching with new developmental methods is becoming increasingly relevant. Students should be taught that learning and teaching the secrets of our native language through interactive and innovative methods, while ensuring deep and nationally rooted understanding, is necessary. In higher educational institutions, it is important to ensure the continuity of teaching the Uzbek language, strengthen students’ orthographic and stylistic literacy, and create mechanisms to raise language skills and communication competence to an advanced level.

The necessity of implementing reforms and modernizing the content of native language (Uzbek) education at all levels of schooling is essential. This enables students of higher education institutions to further develop their abilities of deep thinking, listening, and communicating in their mother tongue, while also applying innovative educational technologies in this process. Uzbek pedagogical scholars have underlined that developing students into well-rounded individuals requires systematic scientific-theoretical approaches. 

In Uzbekistan, purposeful and systematic measures are being carried out to improve the content and thematic quality of Uzbek language education as the national and state language.

For example, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor U.I. Inoyatov emphasizes the theoretical and organizational-methodological foundations of monitoring and managing the quality of education, stressing that one of the important factors in professional and human thinking is language and speech competence. Methodologist M. Sobirova’s fundamental research explores theoretical and practical aspects of improving professional specialization. Researcher O.A. Abduquddusov addresses integrative approaches in training young and future specialists, focusing on solutions to the problems of thinking, language, and speech. D. Yuldasheva highlights the problem of preparing specialists with professional mastery and eloquent speech. Scholars such as Ibragimova G., Azimova I., Ziyodullayeva G., and Murodova A. explore issues such as developing interactive creativity, the psycholinguistic basis for improving linguistic skills in native language teaching, the role of rule systems in shaping communicative competence, and the importance of listening and comprehension in native language learning.

Teaching our national language requires clearly explaining and instilling the unique lifestyle, ethnography, and traditions of the Uzbek people that are preserved in the language. For this, it is essential to effectively use comparison, contrast, and generalization methods and technologies in teaching. It is the duty of a native language teacher to ensure that students understand the essence of concepts and terms, which are linguistic units. Therefore, a university teacher must themselves fully master Uzbek language and speech competence.

Based on the theoretical foundations of developing communication skills among university students, it can be said that language and speech etiquette are the essence of Uzbek national life. In any time, place, or society where good behavior and proper speech prevail among members of the community, that society prospers, its living conditions improve, and peace reigns.

When addressing the issue of improving students’ knowledge of their native language and communication skills, attention should first be directed toward identifying the system of professionally important qualities. This serves as both the basis and the methodological provision for diagnosing the dynamic individuality of a professionally skilled person.

Naturally, communication has several functions. The most frequently used is the conversation between interlocutors, beginning with greetings and extending to the highest levels of communication. National characteristics also dominate communication. Among Uzbeks, from a simple and sincere greeting to parting, such features are clearly visible.

Another important aspect of communication is that it encourages activity. Particularly in the educational process, communication creates activity. To meet the need for communication, a person must master the art of speech and etiquette. Communication is carried out through verbal expression.

In our wise nation, there are many proverbs and teachings about the rules of speaking, caution in the use of language, and the importance of thinking before uttering every word and sentence. One such saying states that a person’s honor and dignity are reflected in their cultured way of speaking. If one does not follow the etiquette of speech, their humanity will not be visible. If speech is expressed appropriately and meaningfully, it is better to listen in silence. Mastery of literary language requires not only spelling but also correct pronunciation, as these are two sides of the same coin. Deviating from literary pronunciation norms is equivalent to semi-literacy in writing.

The structural elements of speech communication include:

a) transmitting communicative information;

b) acting in interactive cooperation;

c) jointly perceiving in a perceptive way.

For example, in the communicative process, when a teacher explains a topic, they first set a communicative goal and then demand interactive actions (cooperation) from students. In practical and seminar classes, as well as lectures, the teacher addresses students with various questions and evaluates them accordingly. Most students show activity in this regard, though some find it very difficult to raise their hands and answer. A student forced to respond may show uncertainty in speech at the very communicative stage. Or, even if both sides act interactively, if they do not perceive the expressed idea together, the perceptive aspect of communication is disrupted, leading to poor comprehension of the lesson. Neglecting these aspects during communication results in misunderstanding.

Therefore, developing students’ speech communication culture should be determined in advance as parameters in the form of knowledge, skills, and abilities aligned with small-scale objectives. For example, the content of dialogue replicas forms separate units. Verbal communication is not limited to questions and answers; it also includes listening to the interlocutor, asking counter-questions, rejecting questions, encouraging action, making proposals, and so on. This requires the use of various lexical and grammatical tools and formulaic sentences. Hence, mastering speech communication (dialogue) requires a broad approach.

Our observations show that most sentences constructed and presented by students have logical connections, but the normative level of words and grammatical forms used to construct syntactic structures does not fully meet the requirements. Cases were observed where auxiliary words, word-forming, form-building, and syntactic relation-forming affixes were not used appropriately. To improve students’ native language knowledge and communication skills, teachers should encourage them to read more literary books, do more writing exercises, and develop the habit of working with dictionaries.

Therefore, developing students’ speech communication culture should be determined in advance as parameters in the form of knowledge, skills, and abilities aligned with small-scale objectives. For example, the content of dialogue replicas forms separate units. Verbal communication is not limited to questions and answers; it also includes listening to the interlocutor, asking counter-questions, rejecting questions, encouraging action, making proposals, and so on. This requires the use of various lexical and grammatical tools and formulaic sentences. Hence, mastering speech communication (dialogue) requires a broad approach.

Our observations show that most sentences constructed and presented by students have logical connections, but the normative level of words and grammatical forms used to construct syntactic structures does not fully meet the requirements. Cases were observed where auxiliary words, word-forming, form-building, and syntactic relation-forming affixes were not used appropriately. To improve students’ native language knowledge and communication skills, teachers should encourage them to read more literary books, do more writing exercises, and develop the habit of working with dictionaries.

In higher education institutions, developing the speech competence of future specialists is crucial for encouraging creativity, carrying out projects, and fostering literary reading and writing practices. Developing students’ communication culture should be set in advance as parameters in the form of knowledge, skills, and abilities aligned with small-scale objectives.

From modern requirements, we can identify the following main ways and requirements for developing language and speech competence of future specialists, based on the content of education:

1. A specialist with sectoral scientific-theoretical training and creativity must possess speech competence.

2. Engaging in scientific-research and experimental activities, they must be able to express the realities of their work in both written and oral forms appropriate to speech styles.

3. When introducing new technologies, they must be able to fully explain and demonstrate their specific features using professional terminology.

4. Through modern electronic media, they must be able to express virtual communication clearly, simply, concisely, and without vagueness, using national and professional styles. They must ensure the clarity and validity of information through the words they use.

Conclusion

The successful resolution of political, economic, and social tasks in society largely depends on how well each member of society knows their native language and can apply it in practice—that is, in speech situations, environments, and among people of different social groups—freely, clearly, simply, and fluently.

Cultivating in students the ability to communicate correctly, fluently, and meaningfully, while at the same time enhancing their aesthetic taste and developing their independent thinking capacity, is one of the key tasks in achieving communicative literacy and developing student competence.

References

1. www.namspi.uz universaljurnal.uz INNOVATIONS. Materials of the Republican Scientific-Practical Conference. Namangan, October 10–11, 2024. Presidential Decree No. 5850 on measures to fundamentally enhance the prestige and status of the state language.

2. Inoyatov U.I. Theoretical and Organizational-Methodological Bases of Monitoring the Quality of Education in Professional Colleges. Dissertation. Tashkent, 2003. p. 327.

3. Xalikova Sh. Problems of Improving Education and Science. Qarshi, 2022. pp. 558–560.

4. Sobirova M. Teaching Language Phenomena on the Basis of an Anthropocentric Approach. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), Vol. 14, Issue 07, 2022. DOI: 10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I7.91.

5. Textbook. Namangan: Arjumand Media, 2023. Vol. 512.

6. Ministry of Public Education of Uzbekistan. Manual. Bukhara State University, 2013.

7. PhD Dissertation. Developing Students’ Creative Abilities. Tashkent, 2017. p. 137.

SUSTAINABILITY IN BOOK PUBLISHING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

         This article analyzes the concept of sustainability in book publishing, the challenges it faces, and the opportunities available for sustainable development. It examines the use of environmentally friendly materials and energy-efficient technologies in the publishing industry, the role of digital publishing, and its economic and social aspects. Improving production processes and introducing innovations in line with sustainability principles will contribute to the long-term development of publishing houses.

Keywords

       Sustainability, book publishing, eco-friendly materials, digital publishing, energy efficiency, environmental protection, waste reduction, recycled paper, social responsibility, innovative technologies

Introduction

Today, the global economy and industry are increasingly based on the principles of environmental sustainability. Sustainable development is a set of strategies aimed at conserving natural resources for future generations, protecting the environment, and ensuring social well-being. The book publishing industry is no exception to this process and is striving to increase its environmental responsibility. This is due to the fact that paper production and printing processes have a significant environmental impact. This article explores the concept of sustainability in book publishing, the emerging challenges, and the new opportunities in this field.

Main Body

Sustainability is a concept that integrates environmental, economic, and social spheres, aimed at the rational use of natural resources and the reduction of pollution. In the publishing industry, sustainability refers to processes based on the use of eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient technologies, and waste reduction. Paper production involves deforestation, high water consumption, and the use of chemicals, all of which pose environmental threats. As a result, the demand for recycled paper and other eco-friendly materials is increasing.

There are several challenges in achieving environmental sustainability in publishing. Firstly, eco-friendly materials and new technologies are often more expensive than traditional methods. This can lead to an increase in product prices and a potential decrease in consumer demand. Secondly, recycled paper may not always match the quality of conventional paper. Additionally, both producers and consumers may lack sufficient environmental awareness.

However, innovative technologies and government policies play a crucial role in addressing these issues. For example, strengthening environmental protection laws, implementing eco-certification systems, and providing subsidies can encourage the production of sustainable products. At the same time, publishing companies should optimize their internal processes and adopt methods that conserve energy and water resources.

Today, the growth of e-books and digital publishing is reducing the demand for paper. Digital publications offer opportunities for sustainable development, but they also come with challenges such as energy consumption and electronic waste. Therefore, it is important to focus on hybrid models that combine digital and print publishing.

Demand for products manufactured in accordance with sustainability principles is growing. This provides publishing businesses with opportunities to access new markets and attract customers. Moreover, increasing social responsibility improves the company’s image and strengthens relationships with both employees and customers. Adhering to sustainability principles can enhance economic efficiency in the long term and ensure resource conservation.

Conclusion

Sustainability in book publishing is a pressing issue of our time. Publishing companies must address environmental challenges by implementing innovative technologies, using eco-friendly materials, and developing sustainable strategies in collaboration with government policies. Combining digital and print publishing opens up new opportunities.

Thus, sustainability becomes the foundation for the environmental, economic, and social health of the publishing industry.

In addition, by widely adopting sustainability principles, publishing houses can enhance their competitiveness on a global scale. Along with the positive impact on the environment, they can demonstrate social responsibility, thereby building trust among consumers and partners. Furthermore, the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of sustainable production help reduce manufacturing costs in the long run. Therefore, supporting sustainability is an effective strategy not only from an environmental standpoint but also from business and social perspectives.

References

Smith, J. (2020). Sustainable Publishing Practices: Challenges and Innovations. Green Press Publishing.

Johnson, L., & Brown, M. (2019). “Environmental Impact of Paper Production in the Publishing Industry,” Journal of Sustainable Development, 12(3), 45–60.

Williams, R. (2021). Eco-friendly Materials in Printing: A Practical Guide. EcoPrint Publications.

Davis, K. (2018). “The Role of Digital Publishing in Reducing Environmental Footprint,” International Journal of Digital Media, 8(2), 22–35.

United Nations. (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations.

Green Publishing Alliance. (2022). Sustainability Report 2021. Retrieved from https://greenpublishingalliance.org/reports/2021

Thompson, H., & Garcia, S. (2020). “Economic Benefits of Sustainable Publishing,” Publishing Economics Review, 14(1), 10–25.

Nilufar Mo’ydinova was born in Qo‘shtepa district of Fergana region, Republic of Uzbekistan. She graduated from the Uzbek State University of World Languages. She currently works as a manager at the “Fair Print” Typography Service. Her articles have been published in the newspaper Bekajon.