Nigina’s Arrival from Mars

Early in the morning, Nigina’s mother entered her daughter’s room to wake her up. But Nigina was not there. Thinking she might have woken up early, her mother searched every room in the house and even the garden. Although Nigina rarely played with the neighbors, her mother still checked their homes — but no one had seen her.

By the time she reached the school, it was clear that something extraordinary had happened. The rocket was missing. Even more shocking was the huge hole in the school roof, which left everyone frightened and confused. But among Nigina’s classmates, fear mixed with excitement. The rocket they had built was not a toy after all. It was real — powerful enough to fly away. This filled them with pride and amazement.

No one could explain how a school project could reach another planet. No one knew where Nigina went. Her mother was worried, the teachers were confused, and her classmates were completely lost. The rocket was gone, the roof was destroyed — and Nigina had disappeared. For everyone, it became a mystery.

News about Nigina spread quickly — first across the town, then throughout the country. Journalists and scientists arrived from everywhere. They visited her school, her house, even the backyard. People who knew Nigina gave interviews, eager to share their thoughts. The whole country wanted to know: Where was Nigina? What happened to her? And how did she fly a real rocket?

Meanwhile, Nigina sat inside the rocket cabin, writing down her thoughts. Time felt strange to her — almost frozen. She explored the strange planet around her and was amazed to see sunflowers growing on Mars. Their leaves were purple, and the seeds were much larger. Curious, she tasted one and smiled. “It tastes good,” Nigina whispered.

Nearby grew banana and coconut trees. Just as she reached for a banana, something struck her hand. Startled, Nigina ran back into the rocket and peered out the window, trembling.

A sudden cry echoed outside, frightening her even more. But moments later, she saw a pile of bananas gently placed near the rocket.

It was a monkey — trying to make friends.Nigina’s fear melted away. Soon, she and the little monkey became close companions. She named him King of Space. With her new friend, she explored Mars freely. They walked along a silver river where fish sang songs, and pink-feathered ducks swam gracefully. Fields of chamomile stretched nearby, while red butterflies danced above them.

Nigina had never seen such a beautiful place. Everything felt magical — as if she had been born again.The King of Space gave Nigina a glowing butterfly as a gift — its soft red light brightened even the darkest night. She also met a frog who spoke twenty languages, a chameleon-cat that changed colors, and a magical plant called the Knowledge Leaf. The monkey handed her one of the leaves and said:“Keep this with you. It knows everything. When you are lost, it will guide you.”

Nigina wondered how easily she would now answer all the questions in her classes back on Earth.She left paper, candy, glue, and other little gifts for her new friends.

Then came the time to say goodbye. In the middle of the night, the rocket landed gently on her home’s roof. Her mother was awake — waiting. They embraced tightly. From her daughter’s eyes, the mother could see that Nigina had changed forever.

The news of her return spread quickly across the city. Reporters lined up to speak with the girl who had visited space. Her photographs appeared in the city center. But for Nigina, fame did not matter. What mattered were the friends she had made on Mars.Every night, when she looked up at the stars, she felt as though they were waving back at her.

Nigina wrote down everything she had seen — the rivers, the glowing butterflies, the magical plants — so others could learn about the wonders she discovered. She handed her classmates shiny stones she had brought from Mars and said she was proud of their brilliant inventions.   

Story by Asmonur Rajabboyeva

English Translation by Shuxratova Nilufar

Shukhratova Nilufar Azizbek qizi was born on March 31, 2013, in Uchqo‘rg‘on District, Namangan Region. She completed her primary education at Secondary School No. 31 in her district. Currently, she continues her studies at the Ishoqxon Ibrat Creative School in To‘raqo‘rg‘on District.Despite her young age, Nilufar has achieved several accomplishments before the age of 12. As a young translator, she has translated many short stories from Uzbek into English. Through each new translation, she continues to develop not only her language skills but also her creative thinking and literary abilities.

One of Nilufar’s greatest dreams is to become a student at Harvard University, one of the world’s most prestigious higher education institutions. From an early age, she has been strengthening her passion for knowledge, language learning, reading, and creativity, moving steadily and confidently toward her goal.Her teachers and relatives describe her as intelligent, hardworking, inquisitive, and highly responsible. Every achievement Nilufar attains is a strong step toward her future success and greater accomplishments.

The boy

the boy dies as if the AIDS of past happiness lives in his heart

the boy is silent until the screams on his nails turn into screams

the sky above the boy’s head bursts like a balloon

the sky falls on the heads as if the heads are still not cut down

the anus is like a water pipe: it will just flood everything around

life is like a plumbing pipe torn without an anal ring

the sky overhead repeats the weakness

the god above his head cannot explain the meaning of his presence

a sweater draped over the skin instead of a mole and a tattoo is torn

a man stands near the sign and does not know where to go next

where to? in basements where it’s easier to hide and fuck?

or move forward? or into the future that floats in its own absence

it starts to rain and the dogs get wet

I wash in the rain

I wash exclusively in the rain

I’m dying inside someone else with my name and body

I wash only in the death

I’m dying but I live

I’m rain with a soft torso

boy / me / or someone else

while around the zz skr sc cars ars

iron butterflies tear the stomach

the city tramples me with leaves

crunch outside or inside fills the air

all around say: quietly quietly

“MANAGEMENT AND CAREER PSYCHOLOGY IN THE MODERN WORLD: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS”

Urinova Robiyabonu

Student of Andijan branch of Kokan University

  ANNOTATION

     This article analyzes the current issues of management and career psychology in the modern world. Globalization, digitization, changes in the labor market and the demand for new competences have a significant impact on the management system. The methods of positive psychology and emotional intelligence are proposed as a solution to the problem.

    Key words: career psychology, globalization, competencies, positive psychology, emotional intelligence. 

 ABSTRACT

    This article analyzes current issues of management and career psychology in the modern world. Globalization, digitization, changes in the labor market and the demand for new competencies have a significant impact on the management system. Methods of positive psychology and emotional intelligence are offered as a solution to the problem.

     Keywords : career psychology, globalization, competencies, positive psychology, emotional intelligence.

     INTRODUCTION

     Management psychology is the relationship between the manager and the employee, motivation,

 studies the leadership style and the psychological environment within the community. Career psychology analyzes a person’s choice of profession, professional development, obstacles in work and motivational factors. In the current conditions, these two areas are closely related to each other, and the effect of one of them is directly related to the development of the other. The importance of studying this topic is that in many organizations, the lack of leadership skills, the motivation of employees  decline, difficulties in adapting to digital technologies and uncertainty in choosing a career are encountered in everyday life as a practical problem. Analyzing the topic on a scientific basis allows us to offer real solutions to these problems.

    MAIN PART

    As a result of the rapid changes in the modern labor market and management technologies, attention to the human factor is becoming stronger. The correct use of the psychological approach in management processes not only increases employee efficiency, but also serves the sustainable development of the organization. At the same time, in today’s conditions, there are a number of problems related to management and career psychology, which are one of the most urgent aspects of this field. Unhealthy psychological environment in society. Hostile relations between employees  it leads to hiding information from each other, transferring information in a changed form. Even information and its re-transmission can be found as a form of revenge. The personal quality of employees participating in the exchange of information.  Weakness of memory. It was found that a subordinate employee remembers 50% of the given information, while the leader remembers 60%. Therefore, when receiving information, it is necessary to clarify, repeat and record it. [1, B.116]

     In today’s organizations, managers are required not only to give orders, but also to think strategically, to inspire the team, to communicate, to make joint decisions, to manage the process of change. However, in many organizations, leaders do not have the emotional state, communicative culture, and the principles of modern leadership. This leads to tension, misunderstanding, and a decrease in motivation in the team.  Analyzing issues related to the relevant mechanisms, it proves that a person’s stable social skills, values, life position and strategy are the main factors that cause management learning.

     In order to increase the effectiveness of management, it is necessary to organize leadership development programs. Special trainings for leaders: courses such as “team management”, “conflictology”, “emotional state” should be established. Listening to the opinion of employees by leaders, creating an atmosphere of respect and trust ensures psychologically healthy management.

    In many organizations, employees do not have complete information about their future position, growth opportunities, and evaluation criteria. The abstract nature of the career system causes instability, dissatisfaction, slowness in professional development, and a decrease in motivation among employees.

It is necessary to develop road maps that clearly regulate career development, job requirements and growth stages. It is necessary to regularly analyze the evaluation system. 

    The introduction of artificial intelligence, robotics, and automated systems creates psychological problems among employees, such as fear of technology, feeling useless, digital fatigue, and resistance to change.

    It is necessary to introduce strong educational programs for increasing digital literacy in organizations.  It is important to introduce new technologies step by step, to establish experience sharing processes. It should be consistently explained that the main task of technologies is to ease the work of the employee, not the employee. In the process of changes, listening to the opinion of employees increases the level of psychological adaptation. Motivation is one of the main psychological factors of the enterprise’s efficiency.  In order to increase motivation, it is necessary to create internal incentive systems, a culture of positive communication, rewards for efficiency, a comfortable working environment and a healthy team communication system. Accepting the suggestions of employees, appreciating their opinions, and recognizing their successes will increase their self-confidence.

    A social psychological experiment is a goal-oriented communication between the examiner and the subject for the purpose of studying social phenomena. The experimenter, that is, the examiner, creates special conditions for all communication to take place and collects facts based on a clear plan under these conditions. As in general psychology, there are different types of natural and laboratory experiments in social psychology. An example of a natural experiment is the research conducted by the Russian pedagogue A. Makarenko on team formation and organization.  American psychologist M. Sherif investigated the phenomena related to intergroup relations in natural conditions based on a special plan. His main goal was to study the psychological reasons for the emergence of various conflicts in a temporarily organized community – summer vacation camps.

 The laboratory experiment was usually conducted in special conditions, in special rooms, with the help of the necessary tools and equipment. For the first time, the Russian scientist Bekhterev conducted social psychological research in laboratory conditions. Using special tools, he studied the accuracy of perception, the quality of memory, the characteristics of observation, individually and in group conditions, and the presence of a group Proved that it directly affects the mental processes of the member.

    The laboratory experiment was later carried out by B.G.Ananev, Ye.S.   Kuzmin, V.S. Merlin, V.N. Myasishev, L.I.  It was further improved by Umansky and others, and the apparatus method began to be widely used in social psychology.   For example, the homeostat by F.D. Gorbov and M.A. Novikov, integrators for the group created by L.I. Umansky appeared and began to be widely used in the literature for the investigation of a group of phenomena. For example, the group homeostat checks whether the actions of the group members are compatible.  is an arrow that can be turned in any direction, and the examiner watches the movement of each one. But they are given the following task: “You turn the arrow in such a way that your movement matches that of others, otherwise, because of your carelessness, the whole group will be punished.”  experimentally proven. [3, B.45-46]

    Such experiments show that when a common rhythm appears in the group, the participants begin to adapt to each other by themselves. Even if no one gives them specific instructions, people’s natural desire is not to deviate from the general flow and to adapt to the team. For a modern person, work is not just a source of income. Many people want to feel how useful they are in society.  The motivation of a person who can find an answer to the question, “have I entered?”, is more stable. A meaningless job increases mental fatigue and dissatisfaction. On the contrary, an employee who works with a clear goal: distributes his energy correctly, can make long-term plans, manages the career path in a conscious manner. Another important psychological basis of management is trust.  in the environment; the employee can freely express his opinion, has the courage to introduce new things, is not afraid of mistakes, does not force what the boss says, but understands it. The formation of trust is related to the honesty of the leader, stable decisions and adherence to justice.

CONCLUSION 

    In conclusion, I can say that in the modern world, management and career psychology is an important direction that ensures the development of organizations and employees, putting the human factor in the center. For effective management, the emotional intelligence of leaders, the ability to motivate and transformational leadership styles are of great importance. Such an approach makes teamwork effective, creates a positive psychological environment among employees and reduces stress.  guarantees the stable and successful operation of the support organization.

    REFERENCES

    1 MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019: 1 (1), B, 116.

    2 MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021: 2(2),B,53.

    3 MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021:3(3),B 45-46.

    4 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF AFFECT ROBERT CHALDINI.

    5 FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGY.

     6THE TALENT DELUSION.

‘Mesopotamia’

the histories I had to unlearn

     *

nothing in the way of thunder at sea

     *

scapulars worn on both sides

     *

he wondered if she kept the picture of him

shaking hands with an octopus

     *

encyclicals of yellow falling leaves

     *

somehow he missed seeing the preserved right index finger of Saint Teresa

     *

counting jimmy-legs in the waiting room

     *

sad sagging man-boobs of the subway shooter

     *

he’s philosophically aligned with the quotes on herbal tea bags

     *

a folded dishrag above his dogmatically clean sink

     *

auditing the billowing clouds

     *

even in a place of no escape

there are analog leaks of light

     *

the boy in the last row

says he always stares at the sun

     *

an hour after the eclipse

the whole moon to myself

     *

it’s like an urgent announcement I can’t quite hear

     *

Luv

That day evening fell in the midst of the forest
Like a bird, I too spread my dreamy wings near distance in the gentle breeze
That winding high and low path
That shadows of the trees, playing blind-man’s- buff
Painted secret kisses in the eyes of the darkness
The lorn fascinating oyster separated from water was in the grip of my hand.
The unique pearl called Luv
Shaped with layers of pain–an expression of pure, sincere love
A mind yearning for union wants to be an oyster, sometimes a pearl.

Sejuty Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics in Soronjay Degree College, Tanore, Rajshahi. She writes poems and short stories. She has published three books of poems in Bangla. At present she is living at Rajshahi town, Bangladesh.

When Love Meets Us                                  
                                                          
Everyone longs for love,
searching far for its radiant flame.
But love is not a roadside gem,
nor found in sunsets or science’s name.
 
It hides not in beauty’s shallow face,
but calls from deeper, higher grace.
A rose blooms when love is near,
fed by care, sunlight, and cheer.
 
Love is compassion, gentle and true,
without which no life can renew.
Beyond the fence, a rose may say:
“I see love, I hear love, I love it each day.”
 
Its price is not wealth, nor power’s disguise,
but pride surrendered, and hearts made wise.
Love does not come from law or decree,
It blooms within, where the soul is free. 

Poet Dr. Kang, Byeong-Cheol is a Korean author and poet, born in Jeju City, South Korea, in 1964. He began writing in 1993, publishing his first short story, “Song of Shuba,” at the age of twenty-nine. He released a collection of short stories in 2005 and has since won eight literature awards and published more than twelve books. From 2009 to 2014, he served as a member of The Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC) of PEN International. Additionally, he worked as an editorial writer for JeminIlbo, a newspaper in Jeju City, Korea. He holds a PhD in Political Science and currently serves as the Vice President of The Korean Institute for Peace and Cooperation and vice president of Jeju PEN. Moreover, he holds the position of founding President of the Korean Association of World Literature.

Methods for Improving the Conceptual Foundations of Speech Act Theory in the Uzbek Language

Shamsiddinova Maftuna Hamidjon qizi

Master’s student in Uzbek Language and Literature

Namangan State Pedagogical Institute

Phone: +998-94-755-00-10

Abstract

This article analyzes the formation, development, and practical application of speech act theory in the Uzbek language. The necessity of improving the conceptual foundations of speech act theory in accordance with modern communicative needs is substantiated. Based on approaches such as intercultural pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, and communicative competence, the article proposes new methodological ways of studying speech acts in the Uzbek language. In addition, the practical application of speech act theory is examined in the context of digital communication and artificial intelligence.

Keywords

Speech act, pragmatics, illocution, perlocution, communicative competence, Uzbek language, cognitive approach, intercultural communication, digital linguistics, context.

Introduction

In the 1950s, the English philosopher J. L. Austin proposed the idea that language is not merely a means of transmitting information, but also a tool for performing actions in real life. He justified this philosophy in his well-known work “How to Do Things with Words.” While the origins of speech act theory are associated with Austin, J. Searle later significantly refined and developed this theory. During the 1960s and 1970s, the American scholar J. Searle strengthened the theory by identifying the structure and types of speech acts.

When discussing speech act theory, it becomes evident that language is not simply a collection of words or a tool for conveying information, but also performs a variety of other functions. These characteristics of language were thoroughly analyzed and studied by J. Austin and J. Searle. According to them, language performs actions in addition to transmitting information. At first glance, this idea may seem unusual, as it raises the question of how something inanimate can perform actions. However, these actions are not physical but cognitive in nature and occur through human consciousness.

A deeper understanding of this phenomenon can be achieved through the analysis of literary texts.

Main Part

According to J. L. Austin, speech acts are divided into three main types: 1. Locutionary act – the literal meaning of an utterance.2. Illocutionary act – the speaker’s intention or purpose in uttering the statement.3. Perlocutionary act – the effect of the utterance on the listener.

As can be seen, all three types of acts are closely interconnected and mutually dependent. Each speech act can be analyzed from all three perspectives. For example, consider the following sentence from Said Ahmad’s short story “Sobiq”:“Hurry up, they are waiting,” said by the chairman to a cotton worker.

From a locutionary perspective, the sentence is grammatically and lexically correct. From an illocutionary perspective, it is not merely a statement but a command requiring action. From a perlocutionary perspective, it implies the listener’s reaction, such as haste or anxiety, following the chairman’s words.

Searle further classified illocutionary acts into several categories:Assertives – statements that convey facts or information.

Example: “The painter is still young and lacks sufficient experience.”

Directives – utterances used to give commands, requests, or advice.

Example: “Control yourself; do not embarrass yourself in front of others.” (command)

Commissives – expressions of promises, obligations, or plans.

Example: “You will go to the meeting. Your train ticket is ready; go home, get dressed, and leave.” (plan)

Expressives – utterances that express emotions such as gratitude, apology, or congratulations.

Example: “I greeted him timidly. When he saw me, his eyes lit up.”

Declaratives – utterances that bring about a change in status or situation through words themselves.

Conclusion

Speech act theory does not limit itself to studying the grammatical structure and semantic content of language, but also explains how communicative goals are achieved through speech. The locutionary act reflects the formation of meaning, the illocutionary act reveals the speaker’s intention, and the perlocutionary act demonstrates the actual effect on the listener. In particular, the classification of illocutionary acts highlights the complex and multifaceted nature of speech functions. Illocutionary types such as commands, requests, promises, advice, and statements help to deeply understand the communicative power of language.

Thus, speech act theory serves as an important methodological foundation for studying the pragmatic aspects of language and reveals the intrinsic relationship between meaning and impact in the speech process.

References

1. Abdulvokhidov, E. Pedagogical concept of writers as a means of enriching the pedagogical process. Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, Educational, Natural and Social Sciences Scientific Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 11, December 2021.2. Ibragimova, N. T. The use of interactive methods and techniques in foreign language teaching. “Ta’lim va taraqqiyot” Scientific-Methodological Journal, 2025, Issue 2.3. Tillayeva, R. The effectiveness of organizing research activities in increasing students’ engagement. Proceedings of the Young Philologists’ Society, Alisher Navoi Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature.

Shamsiddinova Maftuna Hamidjon qizi was born on April 28, 2003, in Norin District, Namangan Region. She began her education at Secondary School No. 17 in her district, then continued her studies at the Academic Lyceum of Namangan State University (NamDU). After graduating from the lyceum, she was admitted on a state-funded (grant) basis to Namangan State University, majoring in Philology and Language Teaching: Uzbek Language.She successfully completed her undergraduate studies with an honors diploma and is currently a graduating master’s student in Uzbek Language and Literature at Namangan State Pedagogical Institute.

Maftuna’s strong interest in languages, alongside her devotion to her native language, has also led her to study English. At present, she works as a teacher of Uzbek language and literature at a specialized creative school focused on languages.

Maftuna’s goal is to become a highly qualified specialist in her profession and, through her expertise, to share knowledge and contribute to the education of others.