Medina
Today Medina is summoning me,
My heart is filled with joy and pleasure
There is real treasure in it,
Good luck going to Kaba.
Today Medina is summoning me,
My heart is filled with the light of faith.
I set out today,
I want to be like an angel.
Today Medina is summoning me,
I thanked God.
My dream is to be a singer of Koran
I begged Arshi in a whisper.
Today Medina is summoning me,
Delivered, blessed Kaba,
I bowed again in silence,
I thanked God.
Nosirova Gavhar was born on August 16, 2000 in the city of Shahrisabz, Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Today, she is a third-year student of the Faculty of Philology of the Samarkand State University of Uzbekistan. Being a lover of literature, she is engaged in writing stories and poems. Her creative works have been published in Uzbek and English. In addition, she is a member of «All India Council for Development of Technical Skills», «Juntos por las letras» of Argentina, «2DSA Global Community». Winner of the «Korabl znaniy» and «Talenty Rossii» contests, holder of the international C1 level in the Russian language, Global Education ambassador of Wisdom University and global coordinator of the Iqra Foundation in Uzbekistan. «Magic pen holders» talented young group of Uzbekistan, «Kayva Kishor», «Friendship of people», «Raven Cage», «The Daily Global Nation», Argentina's «Multi Art-6», Kenya&;s «Serenity: A compilation of art and literature by women» contains creative works in the magazine and anthology of poets and writers.
Associate Professor, Doctor of Philosophy in Biology (Phd),
Department of Zoology, Termez Staty University, Termez, Uzbekistan
Mamarajabova Matluba Tilakovna
Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Termez Staty University, Termez, Uzbekistan
Saidova Elmira Anvarovna
Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Termez Staty University, Termez, Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT:
The article provides data on the distribution of phytonematodes by representatives of the order Tylenchida (Filipjev, 1934) Thorne, 1949 in the apple orchards of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. As a result of the study, 28 species of phytonematodes were identified in the root system and root soil of apple plants. During the research, species dominated Filenchus filiformis, Psilenchus hilarulus, Ditylenchus intermedius, D.myceliophagus, D.triformis,Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Bitylenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlnius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H.erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, Paratylenchus hamatus and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
KEYWORDS: Phytonematodes, apple orchards, order Tylenchida, root system, rhizosphere, phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect, phytohelminths of specific pathogenic effect.
INTRODUCTION: Phytoparasitic nematodes among parasites and pests of wild and cultivated plants are not the last in nature. The Tylenchida order occupies a special place in the phytohelminthology system, since it contains the central and most important group of phytonematodes, represented by typical phytohelminths: pathogenic forms that cause plant diseases -phytohelminthiasis.
When studying some crops and their nematological fauna, it turns out that yield losses are determined not only by the harmful activity of the “stylet nematodes” of the tylenchid order. The forms of this group of nematodes are also involved in the processes of saprobiotic decay and expand, the volume of the affected areas of plant tissue as a result of vigorous inoculating function [9, 446 p.]. On the territory of Uzbekistan, in particular the Surkhandarya region phytonematodes of apple orchards were studied by E.T.Turaev, T.S. Skarbilovich [1, pp. 58-61.], Sh.Kh. Khurramov, E.T. Turaev [2, p. 115-124.].
MATERIALS: To study the distribution in apple orchards of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan in the period from 2020 to 2021. We collected phytonematodes from the root soil and root system of plants in shirkat farms from the territory of the Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The studies were carried out by the generally accepted route method [9, 446 p.]. During the phytohelminthological study, 700 samples of soil and root system of apple plants were collected and analyzed.
METHODS: Phytonematodes were removed by the Berman funnel method and fixed with a 4% formalin solution. Enlightenment of nematodes was carried out in a mixture of glycerin with alcohol (1: 3), and permanent preparations on glycerin were prepared for in-office processing of the material according to the Seinhorst method [10, P. 67-69.]. Soil samples for the presence of cysts forming nematodes were usually analyzed according to the standard Decker method [3, 445 p.].
The species composition of nematodes was studied under an MBR-3 microscope. To determine the species, we used morphometric indicators obtained according to the generally accepted De Man formula [4,104 p.] In its modification according to Micoletzky [6, 650p.]. The degree of dominance of phytonematodes in plant and soil samples was determined from the percentage state of individuals of certain species to the number of all detected by Witkowsky [5, – 53 p].
RESULTS: For the entire period of phytohelminthological studies of apple orchards on the territory of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, representatives of the order Tylenchida, we identified 28 species of phytonematodes.Discovered species belonging to 3 suborders (Tylenchina, Criconematina, Hexatylina), 5 superfamilies (Tylenchoidea, Dolichodoroidea, Hoplolaimoidea, Criconematoidea, Anguinoidea), 7 families (Tylenchidae, Dolicilenidae, Dolichodoridae, Tylenchorhynchinae, Psilenchinae, Rotylenchinae, Rotylenchoidinae, Pratylenchinae, Paratylenchinae, Anguininae, Nothotylenchinae) and 14 genera (Tylenchus, Filenchus, Aglenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Bitylenchus, Quinisulcius, Merlnius,Psilenchus, Rotylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Ditylenchus, Nothotylenchus).
PHYTOHELMINTHS OF NONSPECIFIC PATHOGENIC EFFECT: In our material, they are represented by 11 species: Tylenchus davainei Bastian, 1865 was identified in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Saryassi, Muzrabad, Jarkurgan and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. Filenchus filiformis (Butschli, 1873) Meyl, 1961 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Baysun, Denau, Sumkurgan, Saryassi, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region. F.infirmus (Andrassy, 1952) Andrassy, 1976 was found in the rhizosphere of apple plants in the Angora and Termez districts of the Surkhandarya region. F.leptosoma (De Man, 1880) Andrassy, 1972 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Dzharkurgan, Bandykhan and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.Aglenchus agricola (De Man, 1884) Meyl, 1961 was found in the rhizosphere of apple plants in the Jarkurgan, Termez and Muzrabad districts of the Surkhandarya region.
Psilenchus hilarulus De Man, 1921 found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Denau, Baysun, Kumkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region.D.intermedius (De Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Uzun, Altynsai and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.D.myceliophagus Goodey, 1958 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Altynsai, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad,
Terme and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.D.triformis Hirshmann et Sasser, 1955 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Jarkurgan, Bandykhan and Muzrabad districts of the Surkhandarya region.Nothotylenchus acris Thorne, 1941 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Jarkurgan, Termez, Saryassi and Muzrabad districts of the Surkhandarya region.N. exiguus Andrassy, 1958 was found in the rhizosphere of apple plants in the Angora, Dzharkurgan and Termez districts of the Surkhandarya region.
PHYTOHELMINTHS WITH A SPECIFIC PATHOGENIC EFFECT: In our research, they are represented by 17 species: Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus Cobb, 1913 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Angora, Denau, Dzharkurgan and Termez districts of the Surkhandarya region.T.brassicae Siddiqi, 1961 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region Bitylenchus dubius (Butschli, 1873) Siddiqi, 1986 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.
Quinisulcius capitatus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Jarkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.Merlnius brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1975 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region. Rotylenchus robustus (De Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1934 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.
Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.H.digonicus Perry, 1959 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.H.erythrinae (Zimmermann, 1904) Golden, 1956 found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Shurchinsky, Baysunsky, Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Uzun, Bandykhan, Sherabad, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. H.multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Sherabad, Termez and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region.
H.pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Golden, 1956 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Dzharkurgan, Termez and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.Pratylenchus pratensis (De Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936 found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Baysun, Denau, Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Bandykhan, Dzharkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.P.crenatus Loof, 1960 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. P.penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev et Sch.
Stekchoven, 1941 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Kumkurgan, Dzharkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region. Paratylenchus bukowinensis Micoletzky, 1922 was identified in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Termez and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. P.hamatus Thorne et Allen, 1950 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Denau, Jarkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Denau, Altynsai, Saryassi, Uzun, Termez and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region.
DISCUSSIONS: During the studies carried out from phytohelminths of a nonspecific pathogenic effect, the species Filenchus filiformis, Psilenchus hilarulus, Ditylenchus intermedius, D.myceliophagus, D.triformis were identified in numerous specimens in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants. Among phytohelminths with a specific pathogenic effect, the dominant species were Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Bitlenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlnius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H.erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, Paratylenchus hamatus and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
CONCLUSION: For the entire period of phytohelminthological studies of apple orchards on the territory of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, representatives of the order Tylenchida, we identified 28 species of phytonematodes (phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect-11 species, phytohelminths of specific pathogenic effect-17 species).
The results of the phytohelminthological study showed that phytonematodes of the order Tylenchida cause serious diseases in apple orchards in the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan and cause great economic damage to the productivity of these crops. Therefore, the study of the distribution and species composition, bioecological features and substantiation of measures to combat these pests is of great scientific and practical importance in the fruit growing of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
REFERENSES: 1) Тураев Э.Т., Скарбилович Т.О. Динамика фауны нематод яблони в Сурхандарьинской области Узбекистана. Бюл. ВИГИС, 1981.1/31. С. 58-61. 2) Хуррамов Ш.Х., Тураев Э.Т. К вопросу изучения нематод плодово-ягодных культур юга Узбекистана. Узбекский биологический журнал. 1978. С.115-124. 3) Dekker H. Nematodes of plants and the fight against them. – M. Kolos, 1972. 445 p. 4) De Man J.G. Die einheimischen, frei in der reinen erde und im siissen wasser Lebenden Nematoden. – Tijdschr // Nedrl. Dierk. Vereen, 1880. – V.5. – 104 p. 5) Witkowski T. Struktura zgrupowania nicieni zyjacych w glebie upraw rolniczych // Stud. Soc. Sci. Torum. 1966. T.8. – No.3. – 53 p. 6) Micoletzky G. Die freilebenden ErdNematoden, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Steiermark under Bukowina, zugleich mit einer Revision samtlicher nicht mariner, freilebender Nematoden in Farm von esenus– Beschreibungen und Bestimmungsschlusselh // Arch. Naturgesch. -1922. Ant. A. – Vol. 87. – 650 p. 7) Kiryanova E. S., Krall E. L. Parasitic nematodes of plants and measures to control them. – Moscow: Nauka, 1969. – Vol. 1. 447
Today, the Internet has opened the door of great opportunities to people. It depends on who uses it and how. We have such young people who use it effectively in the pursuit of their dreams and aspirations.one of our young people, Behruz Toshtemirov from Surkhandarya, has been constantly searching for creative young people like him, and has done exemplary work in order to introduce them on the “Jakhan” scale.
So far, more than 200 of Uzbekistan’s best creative examples have been placed on the Internet and print media, contributing to their promotion and growth at the world level. Behruz Toshtemirov is the winner of the “Active Researcher” badge as a result of his research. He works tirelessly to live up to that title. Uses available capabilities. and the results are happy. He is the author of books entitled “The Value of the Motherland”, published in 2022 by the publishing house of Uzbekistan, and “The Place of Theater in Life” published by the publishing house of the Russian Federation in 2023.In 2023, the American publishing house “Autumn Rain”, and in early 2024, the publishing house of the Russian Federation created the anthologies “Silver Winter Refreshment” and “The Artists I’m Looking For”.
Behruz Toshtemirov
It is noteworthy that all these works were collected online, edited and published using the Internet. A young artist is constantly on the move, constantly looking for new ideas. poems, scientific and artistic articles are constantly published in regional, regional, republican and international newspapers and magazines. By the way, Behruz Toshtemirov, the anthology “Creators I’m Looking For” recently selected, edited and printed with the help of Russian publishers includes samples of the creative works of 25 artists. Among them, there is a place for my biography with my picture and my story “Khazon”. Fortunately, the book is being posted on the Internet and sold. It is also planned to pay pen fees to the participating authors from the collected funds.
Right now, preparations are being made for the Jahanshumul pageant, which will be held in cooperation with Turkey, with such anthologies. I wish him great success in his endeavors…
Those Long Odds
As soon as someone
Moves out of
The marital home,
Those long odds
Get a lot longer.
Taylor Dibbert is a writer, journalist, and poet in Washington, DC. “In the Arena,” his third full-length poetry collection, is due out in April.
Once upon a time, in the very heart of the Village of Greenwich, there lived a performance artist, known for her vision, manifested in striking stage pictures and bold feminist statements. She would tell you that her art was not just her work; it was a calling, emerging out of her journey from small-town midwestern girl to tour de force, with periods of victim and survivor somewhere in between.
Having lucked into a rent-controlled apartment in the ‘90s, she kept her needs modest so that she might enjoy every bit of serendipity that came her way. And, oh, did it ever. Learning early on that she could give herself a fuller life than “a good man” might, she relished in her freedom to travel the globe, staging performances, be they sanctioned or rogue, speaking her truth in a manner so memorable as to land her on the cover of many a magazine.
Then, there came a time that she found herself sidelined with mysterious symptoms that no doctor could diagnose. Thus, the hours that were once spent beneath the Washington Square Park arch, advocating for the visibility of women, the neurodivergent and the gender non-binary were whiled away in her double bed, reading and dreaming up pieces that she began to wonder if she’d ever have the opportunity to perform.
Ever the resilient one, she buoyed herself with fresh flowers, dinners of Instacarted supermarket sushi and Netflix Originals; yet, as time passed, the phone seldom rang, for her friends and colleagues quickly tired of asking after her health. Once a handful of invitations had been declined, they stopped coming. The magazines and theatres, of course, simply had no interest in her beyond the impact of her work.
On a visit to one of the doctors who found himself at a loss as to how to help her, she merely shrugged when he asked how she was doing.
“I feel like I’m disappearing,” she said.
“Perhaps an antidepressant would help,” he suggested. “I’m happy to write you a prescription.”
“I appreciate that, Doctor. I really do. Of course, I was happier when I was living a full life. But, the facts are what they are. I have an undiagnosed illness, and, well, I’m not as young as I once was.”
“That’s nonsense. You’re the same woman who’s always taken the world by storm,” he assured her.
“Maybe so, but that doesn’t equate to feeling seen.”
Over the next few months, she put on a few pounds and her complexion grew quite pale as it became more difficult to make her way from her third-floor walkup down to the concrete stairs that overlooked the street. And, not but a breath after her fiftieth birthday, which she celebrated with her old-lady cat, Marina Abramović, by lighting a candle atop their tuna salad, her periods stopped.
Done. Fini. Once and for all.
The next morning, when she rose to brew herself a cup of gingered black tea, Marina Abramović began to weave her way through the woman’s legs, only to find that they were less than solid. Taken aback, the woman’s treasured feline brought her paw to her heart, then dashed off, mewling as she took shelter in the cubby of her carpeted tree.
“Well, okay, then,” the woman scoffed with a roll of her eyes. “Be that way.”
Once the tea had steeped, the woman tossed the spent leaves into the sink, and after an invigorating first sip, made her way to the shower.
Setting the teacup next to the tap, she fingered the yellow stains in the porcelain, where more than a few cigarettes had burned down while applying her makeup for any one of those old nights on the town.
Then, she turned the shower on to warm, whipped off her nightie and tossed it into the hamper. An expert shot.
Taking another sip of her tea, she glanced toward the mirror, hesitantly, of course, for she refused to accept the lack of fullness within her breasts, only to find that she was . . . well, ever so slightly transparent.
And made a mental note to talk to the doctor about the Ambien.
The heat of the shower worked wonders on her muscles; and, as she stepped out onto the bath mat, she found Marina Abramović waiting on the toilet seat, eager to nuzzle her knees as if in apology.
“No worries, Girlfriend,” she said, mussing the loose skin on her scruff.
It all happened, in the grand scheme of things, gradually. Relativity being relative, after all. And, not a week later, the woman found herself to be as invisible as a princess’s pantyline.
Yet, Marina Abramović, fortunately, seemed to have worked through her issues. Though she wasn’t quite sure where to rub, she managed to hold vigil over the woman’s form, regardless.
“I’m not dying, for Goddess’s sake,” the woman protested as the cat remained glued to her undelineated side. “We just need to play the circumstances to our advantage.”
And that’s when performance art became more than performance. It became magic.
Over the next couple of months, the woman and Marina Abramović crafted a piece that made all of her earlier works look like child’s play.
And, when it was ready, the woman placed a call to Désirée la Bombacere at the Fiefdom of MoMA, advising her of what they had to offer.
“I thought you’d retired,” Ms. la Bombacere said upon her return call.
“Who told you that?”
“Well, we just assumed–.”
“Yeah, that’s never a good idea.”
Thus, on April 7th of 2024, the woman and Marina Abramović presented “The Pussy Whip,” a work that would go down as the most influential one-cat show in history. Those courageous enough to take a seat within the audience departed with their greatest fears and desires exposed, as well as their judgments and dismissals, for in a very short span of time, they witnessed the grains of their own depravity, which they worked so hard to deny; and, as they exited the space with their panties either wet or soiled, one couldn’t help but to notice distinct feline bite marks gracing each ankle.
And, from that moment forward, no one dared to disregard a pussy, no matter what her age, her physical limitations or her lived experience, ever again ‘til the very end of time.
Part 1: The Heist
In the dark alleys of the city, two figures walked quickly, their steps quiet on the sidewalk. One was Max, a notorious criminal known for his slick moves and silver tongue. The other was Detective John Reynolds, a seasoned cop who was well-liked for his intellect and toughness.
Max grimaced as he opened the jewelry store door and disabled the alarm. “This is going to be easy,” he said to himself.
Reynolds watched Max from a distance, narrowing his eyes as he waited for the moment to strike. He had been keeping an eye on Max for weeks. As Max slipped inside, Reynolds radioed for backup and followed suit, slipping quietly into the store.
Nahyean Bin Khalid is a student of grade eight in Harimohan Government High School, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh.
Ensuring human rights by improving the legal profession
Abstract: The new development strategy of Uzbekistan envisages the effective organization of independent advocacy activities. Protecting the rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens in judicial and investigative activities is an urgent task today. In this regard, the “Concept of Independent Advocacy” should be developed and put into practice. At all stages of the investigation and trial, the role of the lawyer should be increased, the independence of the bar institute, the effective protection of the rights and legal interests of lawyers should be ensured. The main purpose of writing this article is to ensure that lawyers provide timely and quality qualified assistance to citizens by improving the Institute of Advocacy in Uzbekistan.
Key words: advocacy, legal aid, human rights, legality, independence, self-management, modern information and communication technologies, concept of independent advocacy, digital advocacy.
The goal of ensuring the interests of people, their rights and freedoms is embodied in the center of politics run by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. In recent years, in our country, a large-scale effort aimed at providing reliable guarantees of protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, first of all, from criminal aggression, as well as to prevent discrimination of a person, his honor and dignity, and limitation of his legal interests things are being done consistently. As stated in the book “Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan” by the head of our state, “The Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan envisages the effective organization of the independent legal profession. Protecting the rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens in judicial and investigative activities is the most important task today.”
The 19th goal of the development strategy is to “fundamentally increase the capacity of the Bar Institute to protect human rights, freedoms and legal interests, as well as fully satisfy the demand of the population and business entities for qualified legal services.”
To achieve this priority goal, the following tasks are defined:
first, to transfer the bar institute to a full-fledged self-management system and to attract young qualified personnel to the bar;
secondly, to strengthen the accountability of the governing bodies of the Chamber of Advocates to the community of lawyers;
thirdly, formation of the modern and institutional basis of the lawyer training system;
fourthly, digitalization of advocacy activities. In other words, to put an end to excessive bureaucracy and red tape by introducing modern information technologies to advocacy activities, to establish the exchange of electronic documents with courts, law enforcement bodies and other state bodies;
fifthly, it is envisaged to expand the scope of free legal assistance.
In order to improve the institution of advocacy in our republic as an important component of the legal system, programs aimed at increasing the participation and importance of lawyers in the consideration of criminal, civil, administrative and economic cases, as well as ensuring the guarantees of reliable protection of the rights, freedoms and legal interests of individuals and legal entities is being implemented. The legal framework necessary for lawyers to successfully carry out their professional activities is being consistently formed, and the system of providing legal assistance and legal advice services is being improved.
To date, the status of the legal profession has been further strengthened in the newly revised Constitution, and a separate Chapter 24 entitled “Law Firm” has been added.
At this point, if we analyze the provisions related to the legal profession defined in the newly revised Constitution, the legal profession operates to provide qualified legal assistance to individuals and legal entities in accordance with Article 141 of the Constitution.
Advocacy activities are based on the principles of legality, independence and self-management.
The procedure for the organization of the Bar Association and its activity is determined by law.
In this article, the activities of the legal profession are based on the principles of legality, independence and self-governance at the level of the Constitution. In this case, the legality of the lawyer’s activity means that the lawyer’s activity is carried out only in strict compliance with the law.
According to Article 5 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Guarantees of Advocacy and Social Protection of Lawyers”, the independence of a lawyer: granting him permission to practice law, suspension and termination of this activity,
lawyer’s immunity;
prohibiting the requirement to disclose the lawyer’s secret;
responsibility for interfering with the lawyer’s work or violating the lawyer’s privacy;
provided by the state through the provision of legal guarantees and social protection.
According to Article 142 of our Constitution, it is not allowed to interfere with the activity of a lawyer while he is performing his professional duties.
Conditions for the lawyer to meet with the person under his protection without obstacles and to give advice are provided.
A lawyer, his honor, dignity and professional activity are under the protection of the state and are protected by law.
The strengthening of non-interference in the lawyer’s professional activity at the constitutional level serves as an important factor in creating a strong legal system. This provision is a constitutional expression of the idea that “no office shall interfere with the activities of lawyers”. This norm ensures that the lawyer enters into an equal discussion with the prosecutor during the court proceedings, and as a result of not interfering with the activities of collecting and presenting evidence in the case, the legal status of the bar is strengthened.
Freedom in advocacy and elimination of any obstacles not only eases the lawyer’s work, but also ensures the legal rights and interests of the person whom the lawyer protects.
It should be recognized that the many changes made to the Constitution, especially the innovations in the field of “Advocacy” have pleased the lawyer community of our country. Because the legal status of the legal profession and advocacy activities is defined in a separate chapter of our Constitution, it means that the position of lawyers in society is being raised to a higher level.
At the same time, in the new version of our Constitution, the lawyer, his honor, dignity and professional activity are protected by the state, and the status of lawyers as an important person who ensures justice has been strengthened by a document with high legal force at the level of the Constitution.
A number of other important documents are being developed in our country to increase the capacity of the legal institute. In my opinion, one of them is the need to develop the Code of Advocacy. All laws and normative legal documents related to the field should be embodied in this code.
The legal basis of the legal service sector is also being improved. In particular, drafts of the laws “On the contractual legal framework and legal service” and “On free legal aid”, as well as the concept of comprehensive legal protection of the population are being prepared.
Intensive work is being done on the preparation of the concept of an independent legal profession. The concept, in particular:
— Strengthening the role of the lawyer in protecting the rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens at all stages of the investigation and trial;
— To further improve the activities of the Chamber of Advocates, to ensure its literal independence, to transfer the legal institute to a fully self-management system, to increase the accountability of the governing bodies of the Chamber of Advocates to the community of lawyers, to introduce young and qualified professionals to the system attraction
— includes tasks in the main areas such as the development of “digital advocacy”.
The following tasks are being implemented for the development of Digital Advocacy in our country:
firstly, introduction of modern information and communication technologies to advocacy activities;
secondly, to establish an electronic exchange of information between the legal profession, court and law enforcement bodies, and other state bodies in order to ensure the rapid acquisition of information necessary for the implementation of advocacy activities;
thirdly, to expand the possibilities of providing online legal assistance to individuals and legal entities by lawyers through a special information program;
fourthly, it is important to note that it is necessary to create information systems, databases and other software products necessary for the activities of the legal profession and to ensure comprehensive protection and confidentiality of the information stored in them.
It is very important to introduce modern information and communication technologies to the Advocacy system in Uzbekistan. Consequently, the new steps in this regard allow to increase the independence of the legal institute from state bodies and other structures by eliminating the human factor in the system’s operation.
Advocacy is not a state body, but a community of skilled professionals who know their work well and deeply understand the responsibility of their duties. In this sense, I would like to put forward the following suggestions:
firstly, Advocacy Day – setting the date of the professional holiday of representatives of the lawyers’ community;
secondly, establishment of the badge “The best lawyer”;
thirdly, to create a comprehensive, open and reliable source of information, which will be useful not only for citizens, but also for law enforcement agencies and courts, through the creation of the “Unified State Register of Lawyers”
fourth, strengthening the training of lawyers and the issue of staff shortage
fifthly, special importance should be given to issues such as the training of lawyers in higher educational institutions in the field of law, the introduction of the “Law of Advocacy” training course, and the organization of internships for students in the field of advocacy.
In short, the 1996 Law on Advocacy was the most comprehensive law regulating the practice of lawyers for more than 20 years and remains so. The biggest problem in the field is that from the day the law was adopted until today, its implementation has not been sufficiently ensured, and the disrespectful attitude of the employees of the judicial and legal sector to the person of a lawyer has extinguished the interest of future personnel to take up this profession, and they are only interested in the profession of prosecutors and judges. caused an increase. In my opinion, a lawyer is a person who performs one of the main roles in the judicial process. . According to the current law, lawyers are hired to provide free legal aid by the state only for criminal cases. In my opinion, I would suggest providing a lawyer to provide free legal services not only in criminal court cases, but also in economic, administrative and civil cases.
REFERENCES:
1. human rights.uz New Uzbekistan Advocacy: Development strategy.
2. Peculiarities of the development of Nauchniyimpuls.ru Institute of Advocacy.
3. xs.uz The role of the legal profession in our newly revised Constitution.
4. uzlidep.uz
5. uzbekistan-geneva.ch
6. Article 5 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Guarantees of Advocacy and Social Protection of Lawyers”.
