Should All Lawbreakers Be Imprisoned, or Are There Better Alternatives?
It is widely acknowledged that the issue of whether all lawbreakers should be imprisoned or whether alternative forms of punishment may be more effective has sparked considerable debate in recent years. While perspectives on this matter differ, it remains a significant concern that affects both individuals and societies. This essay will explore the key aspects of this topic before presenting a final conclusion.
On the one hand, a common argument in favor of imprisoning all offenders is that it ensures public safety. Supporters of this view argue that strict punishments act as a deterrent to crime, thereby protecting innocent citizens. This is particularly relevant in cases involving violent criminals, regardless of their age. For instance, a study conducted by Eliot in 2018 revealed that the number of crimes significantly decreased in regions where strict enforcement policies were in place.
On the other hand, lenient punishments may encourage further criminal behavior. If criminals are not held accountable through fair and appropriate measures, the number of offenses may continue to grow. Simply imposing fines might not be sufficient, especially in serious cases. A just and balanced system is essential. Governments must also consider the broader needs of society. For example, a 2023 BBC report highlighted a case in which two offenders repeatedly committed crimes despite receiving lenient penalties in the past.
In conclusion, the question of how to deal with lawbreakers presents both challenges and opportunities that require thoughtful consideration. While opinions may differ, it is crucial to adopt a balanced approach that combines justice with rehabilitation. Collaboration among policymakers, educators, and the general public is vital in order to implement effective strategies. Without such efforts, lasting progress will remain out of reach.
My name is Sabina Nafasova, and I was born on May 22, 2008, in Shahrisabz district, Qashqadaryo region, Uzbekistan. I am currently a senior student at School No. 74 in my hometown.
I am actively involved in the SMORM project, which focuses on social awareness, media literacy, and responsible digital behavior.
In 2025, I was selected for the third round of the MGIMO-Tashkent Model United Nations (MUN) conference as a delegate representing the UNESCO committee. Participating in MUN has strengthened my leadership qualities and broadened my understanding of global issues.
One of my articles was recently published in the Kenya Times newspaper.
their hues shifting from black and white to radiant colour
each stroke of ink, colour of an era
Here, seasons reveals in cycles of brush and verse
cherry blossoms scatter as hopes for renewal
fallen leaves turn retreats into solitude
and the moon rises, a serene witness
to centuries of longing
The weight of tradition presses gently
layered meanings drift like petals in the wind
plum for passing beauty, pine for the everlasting
The borderlands between village and forest blur
where foxes haunt the edges of knowing
mystical, in-between
To look upon a garden
is to see history tell stories
a pine’s shadow carries the chill of distant winters
while lanterns reflect moons in memory
yet present still in gleaming silk
This is not nature untouched
but nature shaped, revered
held both close and cautiously distant
a mirror for the human soul
seasonal cycles
woven into the fabric of living
And in the end
the cherry blossom
is never just a cherry blossom
it is a thousand years of seeing
a transient note
the happiness of eternity
V.T.N.M.
Võ Thị Như Mai was born in the soft breeze of high land Dalat, carrying within her both a resilient spirit and the gentle soul of an artist. From her meaningful time at Edith Cowan University to the warm, intimate classrooms of Western Australia, she has been not only a dedicated teacher but also a poet and translator with a heart devoted to literature. Through her delicate verses and meaningful translations, she has helped bring Vietnamese literature to a wider audience, connecting communities through bilingual poetry festivals and meaningful publications.
For her, literature is an art of words and a bridge of emotions mixed between real life and wishes. She finds inspiration in quiet moments and the small corners of everyday life, crafting tender poems and graceful translations. With four published poetry collections, nearly ten bilingual books, and more literary projects underway, she is a poet of passion and dedication. A woman of quiet charm and vision, she brings Vietnamese literature to the world while preserving the soul of her homeland in every poetic line.
Technology of Artificial Tooth Implantation and Post-Treatment Care
Alfraganus University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dentistry, 3rd-year student O‘ktamova Shakxnozabonu
Annotation: Artificial tooth implantation (implantation), X-ray and 3D scan to evaluate jawbone condition, avoiding hard or sticky foods, visiting the dentist every 6 months, cleaning with a soft toothbrush, the success rate of artificial tooth implantation
Keywords: Artificial tooth, psychological condition, preparatory stage, implantation, prosthetics, diabetes, osteoporosis, inflammation, osseointegration, laser implantation, computed tomography.Artificial tooth implantation (implantation) is one of the most important and widely used fields in modern dentistry. This technology helps restore the patient’s aesthetic appearance and chewing function in cases of tooth loss. Artificial tooth implantation not only restores external appearance but also improves psychological well-being. This article analyzes implantation technologies, their success rates, and post-treatment care.
Technology of Artificial Tooth Implantation Artificial teeth are implanted into the jawbone using titanium-based implants. This process includes several stages: Preparatory stage: The patient undergoes a general examination. The condition of the jawbone is assessed using X-ray and 3D scan. Implantation: The implant is placed into the jawbone using special instruments. Local anesthesia is used during this stage. Integration: The implant fuses with the bone (osseointegration). This process takes 3–6 months. Prosthetics: In the final stage, the artificial tooth is placed on top of the implant. Today, the process is carried out with much more precision due to computer-assisted planning, navigation surgery, and laser technologies. The success rate of artificial tooth implantation is around 90–98%.
The following factors influence it: Patient’s age: Usually applied to patients older than 18 with fully developed jawbones. Health condition: Conditions like diabetes, osteoporosis, and smoking can negatively affect the success of implantation. Oral hygiene: If hygiene is not maintained, inflammation and infection may occur. Surgical expertise and technology: It is important for the surgery to be performed by an experienced specialist using modern technologies. According to statistical data, the success rate has increased in the last 10 years. Especially, the use of laser implantation and computer tomography reduces the chance of error.
Post-Treatment Care Proper care after implantation is very important. The following steps should be followed: Brush teeth twice a day and use dental floss; Visit the dentist every 6 months for a check-up; Avoid hard or sticky foods; Quitting smoking – this reduces inflammation around the implant; Clean with a soft toothbrush. In addition, patients may be advised to use special antiseptic mouth rinses and antibiotics. — Conclusion: The technology of artificial tooth implantation is a great achievement in modern dentistry. To achieve successful results, not only the technological process but also the patient’s health and post-treatment care play an important role.
References:
1. Proffit, W. R., Fields, H. W., & Sarver, D. M. (2013). Contemporary Orthodontics (5th ed.). Mosby Elsevier.
2. Graber, L. W., Vanarsdall, R. L., & Vig, K. W. (2016). Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques (6th ed.). Elsevier.
3. Bishara, S. E. (2001). Textbook of Orthodontics. W.B. Saunders Company.
4. Misch, C. E. (2015). Contemporary Implant Dentistry (3rd ed.). Mosby.
5. Albrektsson, T., & Johansson, C. (2001). Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration. European Spine Journal, 10(Suppl 2), S96–S101.
You said, “If you’re my child, then know only my love.”
Forgive me, mother, for every time I complained,
Wrap me in your love, in your warmth unchained.
You are both my father and mother — my soul’s gleam,
May I walk beside you in Heaven’s dream.
You are my treasure, the crown of my fate,
The sun in my sky, life’s dearest state.
Surrounded by grandchildren, joy never parts,
You are every child’s strength, the queen of hearts.
Gulnoza Valiyeva was born on April 30, 2006, in Okoltin district, Sirdaryo region.
A number of her poems have been published in the anthology “Towards My Goals…”, by one of the renowned publishing houses in the United Kingdom and the United States — JustFiction Edition.
She is currently a second-year student at the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan. In 2024, she became the winner of the district-level poetry competition “Homeland Praised in Every Heart”, securing 1st place.
Between 2021 and 2025, more than 50 of her literary works—both in prose and poetry—have been published in national and international press. Her works have appeared in publications such as “Fergana Haqiqati”, “Dono Word”, “Tong Yulduzi”, “Smile”, “Yangiyer Tongi”, and “Ijodkor”, as well as international journals like “Kenya Times”, “Raven Cage”, “Page 3 News”, and “Thotem” in Argentina. Farzona’s writings have also been featured in collective anthologies, including “Girls Nation – Daughters of the Nation”, published by Amazon.com (USA), as well as collections printed in Khiva, Jizzakh, and Sirdarya.
Her first book was published in 2021 in Great Britain and Europe.
Competitions and Achievements
To date, Farzona has been awarded over 95 diplomas, certificates, and memorable gifts for her active participation and success in various contests.
“Tong Yulduzi” – A Source of Inspiration
The newspaper “Tong Yulduzi” (Morning Star) holds a special place in Farzona’s creative journey. A poem dedicated to the paper by children’s poet Ro‘zimurod Bolqiyev continues to inspire her. According to Farzona, the newspaper, now 96 years old, was known as “Lenin Uchquni” (Lenin’s Spark) during her grandmother’s school years. She has had nearly 30 of her works published in the paper to date.
Farzona expresses deep gratitude to the editorial team of “Tong Yulduzi”—including Feruza Adilova, Nodira Nazarova, Nurbek aka, and all staff members—for their continuous support and warm attitude toward students across the country.
She is also an active member of the “Creative Children” club under the Republican Children’s Library, where the creativity of over 234 young authors is showcased. On average, 4 to 5 children report daily that their works have been published in “Tong Yulduzi”.
A Memorable Victory in Bukhara
Since the 5th grade, Farzona has participated in many creative competitions. She fondly recalls her first victory when newspaper representatives visited her school to award her in person. Later, she received awards by post. In a recent contest jointly organized by “Tong Yulduzi” and the family of the great Bukhara poet G‘ulom Shomurod, she proudly won first place.
Accompanied by her two grandmothers, aunt, and uncle, she traveled from Fergana to Bukhara, crossing seven provinces in 15 hours. Throughout the journey, she received frequent phone calls from the newspaper staff, asking about their well-being. Upon arrival, G‘ulom Shomurod’s children warmly welcomed them and accommodated them in a prestigious hotel. The staff treated them with great respect, offering warm food and tea.
At the event, Farzona’s heart beat differently—filled with excitement and pride. She listened attentively to heartfelt words about the late poet G‘ulom Shomurod, and was deeply inspired to learn more about his works. When she was announced as the first-place winner, her joy was beyond words. She was awarded with a diploma, memorable gifts, and books, including a poetry book by G‘ulom Shomurod himself. She also received a book from Obid Qo‘ldosh, a renowned poet and journalist from Bukhara.
After the ceremony, guests gathered for a special lunch. Though the organizers wanted to give them a city tour, limited time meant the participants had to bid farewell to the “Tong Yulduzi” team and the Shomurod family.
Farzona sincerely thanks the family of G‘ulom Shomurod, especially G‘ayrat Shomurod, the editorial staff of “Tong Yulduzi”, and the administration of Jondor District, Bukhara, for organizing such a meaningful event. She was particularly happy to learn that G‘ulom Shomurod’s poetry has now been included in school textbooks, giving future generations the chance to get to know his legacy from an early age.
Conclusion
Farzona believes that finding her place and rising in the creative world would not have been possible without the guidance of her mentors—especially the devoted team of “Tong Yulduzi”.
Thank you, “Tong Yulduzi”!
— Farzona Hoshimova Ilhomjon qizi,
9th-grade student, School No. 18, Fergana City
Farzona Hoshimova Ilhomjon qizi was born on December 10, 2010, in Fergana city. She is currently a 9th-grade student at School No. 18 in Fergana. This young creative girl is a member of several national and international organizations, including the “Creative Children” circle under the Republican Children’s Library, the “Double Wings Writers’ Union” (Uzbekistan–Kazakhstan), the international “IQRA Foundation”, and the Writers’ Union of Argentina.
Truly I say to you all: I have been Resurrected over the last year and half through all the medical issues. Truly, I was legally dead for six minutes doing open heart surgery a year or so earlier. My rapid heartbeats have sent me to the emergency room several times.
The many hospital stays. Finally, the rehab center at Solaris in Apopka Fla on 5-27-2025 till 6-13-2025 was a living nightmare. Looking back over the last year and half I prayed with intensely to God this year and half. Praying, as I laid in bed. Praying day and into the wee hours of the morning.
I had focus and purpose to seek God like in childhood in the inner-city. I was created to be with the Holy Father for all eternity on earth or Heaven. Now that I fully understand Jesus total obedience to the Lord. Now I am coming to understand more fully what it means to live in total obedience to Jesus as Lord.
The walk to Calvary and Golgotha was at the place of the skull. The Cross was not only a symbol to wear, but rather a way of life taught by Jesus himself. Jesus taught me through my illness that I had to die to the physical world of man.
Jesus taught illness to my understanding was to die to the physical world of man. Man has many desires to be the creator and that man’s selfish needs and wants and desires are opposed to God’s purpose for man. In my recent experiences, I came to understand God, Jesus Christ, and the true purpose of salvation and redemption for us all, starting with First, trust that God cares for you no matter what, simply because you are His child. A child must grow into a man. A man of God’s creation or a man of the world? Man’s world is a world of deception and greed and ultimately death.
This is not Jesus’ death, because he was Resurrected into spirit, joining God presence among the angels. When Jesus died, his death was for the sake of resurrection and to re-join God in the third heaven.
The Cross was my walk the last year and half. Faith and trust and belief beyond your intentions to save yourself. I learned that you must have faith and trust beyond your intentions to save yourself. You will not save yourself but lose who you were created to be. Once knowing that Jesus lived beyond the physical death and was Resurrected to love and be one with the Father. Once you realize that Jesus lived beyond the physical death and was resurrected, you learn to love and to be one with the Father.
Beyond the symbol of the Cross to the reality that one must die to that which he loves. Jesus focused on His purpose to be crucified even through Jesus knew that he was to show us the path to the light of life and not the darkness of death.
God offers life.
Man offers death.
God offers love.
Man offers hate.
God offers truth.
Man offers lies.
Jesus revealed God’s truth and showed man’s deceit. Jesus walks to Calvary showed man nature for cruelty to man. Nothing could be crueler than the Crucifixion.
What kind of evil had to reside in men to do this to anyone? All of man’s inhumanity was exposed on that walk to Calvary. How about the events leading to the walk with the Cross? The lies and false accusations and the use of these accusations to have a man (the Son of God) crucified. How many of us have experienced these moments?
However, there’s a way out of the darkness and Jesus shines that light in our hearts with God.
Soviet Modernization and the Profound Changes in Uzbek Women’s Lives
ANNOTATION; This article examines the significant transformations in the lives of Uzbek women between 1920 and 1980, during the period of Soviet modernization. It analyzes how Soviet policies—despite their ideological, political, and cultural agendas—played a major role in shaping women’s identities, social roles, and life experiences. The research highlights the ideological contradictions, the impact of forced modernization, and the clash between tradition and the new Soviet worldview. It explores the path of struggle, adaptation, and active participation of Uzbek women within this historic context.
KEYWORDS: Soviet modernization, Uzbek women, social transformation, gender policy, traditional society, emancipation, ideological control
The Soviet period introduced profound and often contradictory changes to the social life of Central Asia, especially in Uzbekistan. Among the most affected groups were women, whose roles in society, family, and public life underwent radical transformations under the guise of liberation and modernization. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of Soviet modernization on Uzbek women between 1920 and 1980, based on historical facts, documents, and research1
From the 1920s, Soviet ideology launched an intensive campaign of social engineering. Uzbek women were expected to discard traditional garments like the paranja and chachvan, symbols of modesty in Muslim society, and join public life as workers, teachers, and activists. The infamous “Hujum” campaign (1927) symbolized this movement, where unveiling was both a political and cultural tool. While promoted as emancipation, this campaign often led to violence, social ostracism, and even death for many women at the hands of their own communities.
Despite such challenges, a generation of educated and politically active women emerged during this period. Names like Uyg‘unoy Abdullayeva and Tojixon Shodieva, among many others, became symbols of transformation. These women were trained in the newly established institutions such as the Women’s Departments [Zhenotdel] and pedagogical institutes, gaining access to education, legal rights, and employment opportunities that had been previously unavailable.
Nevertheless, the transformation was not entirely emancipatory. Soviet modernization was not a neutral, benevolent process but rather one that was tightly controlled, ideologically driven, and often repressive. Women were used as instruments of the state agenda: their visibility in the workforce was both a propaganda tool and an economic necessity. Yet many women continued to experience double burdens—working full-time jobs while still being expected to fulfill traditional roles at home.
In rural areas, modernization occurred more slowly and often encountered stronger resistance. While urban women were able to access state-sponsored opportunities, women in villages faced continued patriarchal pressure. Still, over time, even these regions witnessed significant shifts, particularly through literacy campaigns, compulsory education, and the rise of medical institutions that increasingly involved female professionals1
By the 1960s and 70s, the presence of Uzbek women in social, cultural, and academic life had become normalized. They worked as doctors, engineers, educators, and artists. However, it is important to recognize that these developments were not entirely organic but orchestrated through state pressure, quotas, and ideological control. Women’s organizations were heavily monitored by the Communist Party, and any deviation from Soviet ideals was quickly suppressed.
Despite these limitations, the Soviet era undeniably laid the groundwork for today’s gender dynamics in Uzbekistan. Women’s access to education, employment, and public roles—even if imposed—planted the seeds of long-term change. The Soviet modernization of women’s roles, although controversial, is a key part of understanding contemporary Uzbek society.
In conclusion, the Soviet modernization process brought irreversible changes to the lives of Uzbek women. Despite its many contradictions, pressures, and ideological rigidity, it opened previously inaccessible paths in education, employment, and public life. This transformation was not merely a shift in attire or workplace presence, but a deeper social and psychological reorientation. It disrupted centuries-old traditions while simultaneously creating new forms of dependence on the state. Uzbek women, therefore, were not passive recipients of change but active participants in negotiating their identities and futures within a highly politicized system. Understanding this complex process is essential for evaluating both the costs and gains of modernization in a colonial and ideological context.
REFERENCES
1.Kamp, M. (2006). The New Woman in Uzbekistan: Islam, Modernity, and Unveiling under Communism. University of Washington Press.
2.Northrop, D. (2004). Veiled Empire: Gender and Power in Stalinist Central Asia. Cornell University Press.
3.Edgar, A. L. (2004). Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan. Princeton University Press.
4.Bobojonov, H. (2005). “Oʻzbek ayolining faoliyati tarix zarurati sifatida”. Tarix va Hamdo‘stlik, №2.
5.Jo‘rayev, A. (2011). “Oʻzbek ayollari tarixidagi burilishlar”. Ijtimoiy fanlar, №1.
6.Tursunova, G. (2020). “Sovet davri ayollari: islohotlar va oqibatlar”. Yangi O‘zbekiston, №3.
7.Islomova, Z. (2019). “Oʻzbek ayolining ijtimoiy faolligi: tarix va zamonaviylik”. Fan va turmush. N6Sevara Olimova, [7/27/2025 6:25 PM]
Olimova Sevara, from Kashkadarya region. Born in Mirishkor district , 4th year student at the Faculty of History of Karshi State University
