... It's white
With the worries of this world,
Three children with their own work,
By the rumor of the people,
Mom, your hair is white.
You eat so much sorrow, in the bright world,
There is nothing less, more than anything.
Paying for a "taxi" and walking
Mom, your hair is white.
Your bread won't pass through your throat without me,
Your soul suffered until I became "girl"
What is in your heart, what is your dream,
Mom, your hair is white.
She was born on August 13, 2008 in Navbahor district, which is considered one of the most peaceful corners of Navoi region. Currently, she is an 8th grade student of the 21st school in this district and is the class captain of this class. SHe is also a volunteer… “Golden Wing” and “Future EVH” volunteer… SHe has been participating in competitions and Olympics since she was young and has won many places. Also, the artist and her creative works were published in anthologies, and those anthologies are available for sale in Moldava, 26 countries on the Morebooks website… Thanks to sister Orzigul and sister Barno for this. Participant of Sarvinoz Odiljonova’s “Girlpower” project. She is interested in learning languages and has been learning English since childhood. She is studying. She is a member of several international certificates. She wants to become a journalist in the future and become a smart, intelligent girl whose parents are proud of her country. She has many dreams for the future, one of them is to win the Zulfia Prize and become a student at Harvard University. She often shares her dreams with people. she doesn’t say, because she likes to show her dreams to people after they come true, not just to tell them, so she’s an aspiring, unstoppable, diligent, restless girl.
Youth rusher in my eyes,
You made a wide world narrow to me.
Chorus as long as I say my true love,
Is it that you see me rave ?
Easy to get into your words,
What a moment you did not ask.
So bad that you don't think,
Is it that you see me rave ?
Zor I cried You Didn't parvo,
You live just as carefree.
As if I am an unnecessary item,
Is it that you see me rave ?
Let it be said,
Eyes passing as if not seen.
Alam said friends,
Is it that you see me rave ?
What did the shame either sin,
My love was jajji innocent.
Witness who created akhvolim,
Is it that you see me rave ?
I'm going to spill slowly,
Ich-ich Dardanelles.
Crying believe me growling,
Is it that you see me rave ?
I couldn't give nahot happiness to you,
Is it that you see me rave ?
Author: Gulsanam Abdullaeva
ARCHITECTURES DECAY
Thus, age bleeds away youth and turns dentures into lace.
The taut drum of your skin becomes a worn stocking,
untoned, crumpled, and thin. Winter freeze bruises fruit,
your garden becomes waste, and those grim burlap bags
that hang from those pegs were once blimps that flew flags
all were pleased to salute. Monuments get defaced.
sAVAnnA
AblAze WiTh hUnger/disCOVerY
,epiderM AnTs rUn eleCTriC AgAinsT This plAin:
ThrOUgh YOUr CUrlY grAsses These sOfT YellOw liOns
prObe And Under The ripe VUlTUres in The briAr Trees
MY YOUng ChiMps rOMp UpOn gOlden MOUnds --
O The Wind gloWs WiTh dUsT & dArK MYsTerY
And O The MOOn hOWls
AbOVe
Us And YOUr riVer sWAllOWs mY AArdVArK.
MY TURN TO COME
Every foot fits your shoe,
your glove can hold any hand.
You share love everywhere.
I wait for my turn to dance.
ATOLL
Poets before me (how many) have extolled
:melons full melons ripe
:those raspberries (pink&wrinkled) delicate atop your double-dip vanilla sundae
:your slice of peach : your wedge of pie : your pyramid of hot cobbler,
tartsweet juices oozing like fresh tar on the newlylaid I- in August Texas....
but none has ever praised
:the gold and graceful arc of the taut banana – O huntsman's bow before release --
:the strong sweeping scimitar of a Southern Cross bole, bent fullsail,
fruitful coconuts proud unfurled, or :the sweetwhitesticky elixer within.
no one has ever
noted for eternity
the coy Thanksgiving yam.
THE STORIES THAT KEEP ME SAVED
From ocean to bush
to mountain to sea
Beelzebub and Zeus
are chasing after me.
One promises fire,
and one, lightning bolts.
They want my surrender,
they want me to convert
my riches to embers
that will die in the dirt.
I love the burning bush
that walked upon the sea,
Adam’s figs and apples,
Eve’s frankincense and myrrh,
Baptist’s tabernacle,
Delilah’s virgin birth.
Ark of Harold Angels
sinks in the lotus pond
while the lamb and Daniel
wait in the lion’s den.
Grafitti at the feast
that read, “Thigh Kingdom Come.”
Magis from the east,
their whore from Babylon,
the ones who suffered
when the Pharaoh Joseph
devoured the golden calf
during the last supper
ahead of Jonah’s flood.
Peter and his bishops,
when the wine turned to blood,
stole the leaves and fishes.
Allah-lujah Rama Christos Amen Om
Hazel Haiku
Me? Adopt from a
shelter? Never. Then I saw
Hazel. Fell in love.
Frances, the bloodhound,
drags her owner on walks. Yikes!
Love my Chihuahua.
Cute dog toys two for
five dollars at Petco. I
lose my mind. Buy ten.
Hazel eats too fast.
A silverware tray is her
new food bowl. It works.
Puppuccino time!
I spoil her. I know. But she
deserves it. She does.
Laura Stamps is a poet and novelist and the author of over 60 books. Most recently: THE GOOD DOG (Prolific Pulse Press, 2023), ADDICTED TO DOG MAGAZINES (Impspired, 2023), and MY FRIEND TELLS ME SHE WANTS A DOG (Kittyfeather Press, 2023). She is the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize nomination and seven Pushcart Prize nominations.
USE OF MODERN TEACHING METHODS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Rejabova Dildora
Rejabova Dildora Ergashali qizi
Namangan State Pedagogical Institute Faculty of Pedagogy
Primary educatio 1student
+998948939203; E-mail: rejabovadildora@gmail.com
Abstract: This article describes the use of modern teaching methods in primary school classes of general education schools, their importance in increasing the effectiveness of classes
Today, our country is rapidly developing in all fields. At the core of all fields, of course, is education. In particular,primary education lays the first foundation stone. Currently, our state has to ensure that teachers have a creative approach to lessons, widely introduce advanced pedagogical and information and communication technologies in their work, and is the foundation of students’ initial knowledge acquisition. necessary measures are being developed and implemented in order to increase their interest in mastering all subjects. The concept of “Development of the public education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030” defines the main directions, including:
– By 2030, the Republic of Uzbekistan will enter the ranks of the first 30 advanced countries of the world according to the PISA (The Program for International Student Assessment) rating of the international student assessment program;
-Qualitative updating of the content of the continuing education system;
-Improving the teaching methodology, gradually applying the principles of individualization to the educational process.[1]
One of the great sages said, “…if you don’t worry about the future, give your children a good education and teach them.” As our grandfather Yusuf Khos Hajib said: “Where there is intelligence, there is greatness, where there is knowledge, there is greatness.”
Today’s time puts great demands on the teacher and the student, the main of these demands are the effectiveness and quality of the lesson, the knowledge and skills of the students in various educational activities in schools, their organization and through it It is the students’ acquisition of various knowledge and skills. The role of modern information technologies in the organization of today’s demanding lesson is incomparable. Because through themthe use of multimedia, animation, graphics, slides, video films helps to make the lesson process more interesting.
The teacher uses modern computer technologies can perform several tasks:
– by using multimedia technologies in primary classes students develop interest in science;
– this method of education activates students’ thinking abilities and increases the efficiency of learning material;
– provides an opportunity to model and visualize processes that are difficult or complex to demonstrate;
– assimilation of educational materials not only according to the level, but
effective according to the level of logic and acceptance of students;
– students are given the opportunity to search for and find materials and find answers to problematic issues through independent research;
– conditions are created for students to master a new topic, solve examples, write essays, statements, get acquainted with educational materials, select and analyze information and data quickly [2]. In previous traditional teaching methods, students were taught to acquire ready-made knowledge, but today, students have the opportunity to search for, collect, and familiarize themselves with information through modern media. they eat
Now the question is, what can be taught to students through these information technologies? First of all, it is about teaching methods, teaching methods are the teacher anddetermines students’ directions and actions. These methods include a set of methods used by the teacher to master knowledge, skills and abilities. working using some elements of the second teaching method together with the main teaching method used in the teaching. The tool is the auxiliary teaching materials necessary for the implementation of the teaching methods – tools, weapons, apparatus and the like. [3] Today, based on the requirements of the times, it is appropriate to put the word “modern” in front of the term “teaching methods”. Because if we don’t modernize our teaching methods, the effectiveness of the lesson will drop sharply. Because this does not satisfy the needs of the students and the time. The mental development of the current students is stronger than the previous ones, the children of the 21st century. For this reason, if it is passed by simple methods, the interest in the lesson will be lost.
Currently Designing, Problem Situation, True-False, Self-Assessment, Reading Comprehension, Brainstorming, Sinkwain , “BBB”, “Brainstorming”, “Fifth plus”, “6x6x6”, “Debate”, “Working in small groups”, “Snowball”, “Zigzag”, “I have the last word” technologies are used. In this process, the center of the lesson is not the teacher, but the students. The main task of the teacher in the process is to create conditions for personal development, learning and upbringing, and at the same time performs the task of management and direction.
About the effectiveness of the above methods. “Self-assessment” method, as we can know from the name, the student is assessed by himself, not by the teacher. The advantages of the method are that it takes less time, all students at the same timeit is evaluated by completing tasks. It helps the student to understand what kind of knowledge he has and does not lead to bad attitudes towards the teacher. He sees his mistakes with his own eyes and tries to correct them.
“Find the fifth” method. This method is of particular importance in students’ acquisition of logical thinking skills. When using it, the following is done:
– formation of concepts that serve to reveal the subject being studied;
-achieving the placement of four (five, six…) related concepts and one unrelated concept from the resulting system;
– assign students the task of identifying one concept unrelated to the topic and removing it from the system;
– to encourage students to interpret the essence of their actions, that is, they need to know why they left out a word and how the rest of the words are logically connected with each other.
For example, a series of words: book, pen, pencil, window.
Redundant word: window.
Educational tools: book, pen, pencil.
New pedagogical technologies are of great importance in making primary school students interested in lessons, mainly visual aids, various interactive games are used to make lessons interesting and easy.
If we combine the modern methods we use with modern media, it will fully meet today’s requirements. Rather than working with handouts on plain paper, that’s itif we show the materials on the screen and perform the tasks, students will develop the skills of working with information technologies. This will serve as a great foundation for their future activities. At the same time, they will have the competence to work individually and in small groups, to act as a team with their friends. The lesson will be interesting, high-quality and productive, and there will be an opportunity to acquire more knowledge. By posting videos on a topic based on real events, it opens a wide way for students to understand the world faster.
The use of computer game capabilities together with didactic games makes the teaching process even easier. Most of the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the lesson are still not used by young students in activities outside the classroom, their practical value is lost and the power is significantly reduced. Put the acquired knowledge and skills in the gaming computer environment. learning leads to their mastery and mastery, motivation. The high level of emotionality of young students is significantly limited by the strict framework of the educational process. Computer training allows to partially eliminate high emotional tension and revive the educational process .[4]
In conclusion, the use of modern information and communication technologies and modern teaching methods in primary classes helps students to think independently, to expand their creative research and logical thinking, to connect what they learned in classes with life, and to increase their interest in the lesson. . The effective use of conditions created by teachers based on such modern requirements and the organization of classes based on advanced pedagogical and information communication technologies guarantees the quality of the educational process.
List of used literature:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 29, 2019 “On approval of the concept of development of the public education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030”.
2. Ismatova.Sh.B. “Advantages of using modern information technologies for teaching in primary grades.” – “Science and education” scientific Journal, 2020. www.openscience.uz.
3. “Education” complex.
4. Umarova, M.R. “The importance of using ICT in primary education.” – “Interpretation and research” scientific journal, 2022.
It’s hard for students to read and understand a text if they don’t know what the words mean. A solid vocabulary boosts reading comprehension for students of all ages. The more words students know, the better they understand the text. That’s why effective vocabulary teaching is so important, especially for students who learn and think differently (Charly Lyon Mat). “Vocabulary size is a convenient proxy for a whole range of educational attainments and abilities – not just skill in reading, writing, listening, and speaking, but also general knowledge of science, history, and the arts (“A wealth of words, by E. D. Hirsch Jr).
In this article I will emphasize several ways of teaching vocabulary to A1 level students in the classroom and explain many techniques used by English teachers as well as my own personal view of them and also I will offer some tips for calculating result of pupils in teaching .
Key words : Vocabulary , acquire , enrich ,implicitly ,mean , median , mode ,range
1 Introduction
Vocabulary is something we continue to learn and develop throughout our entire lives – an unconstrained skill. While some vocabulary is acquired implicitly through everyday interactions, it’s important to teach more complex and technical vocabulary explicitly (Mark Ankucic 11 November, 2019). Vocabulary has both print and speech forms. Beginning readers use their knowledge of the spoken form of a word to recognize the print version of that same word (Reading Horizons ,printed by google in February 2022).
Vocabulary is the main part of language , learning and teaching . Why? Imagine , you should make something that may be paper home you have a glue and some paper . Paper is the vocabulary , glue is the grammar and when you have paper you may make or create something but when you have glue but no paper you can not create anything . So , that’s why teaching vocabulary is the main phase of procedure of teaching .
2 Methods
Teaching English Vocabulary to A1 level students
Commonly, there are several techniques concerning the teaching English vocabulary . Considering the number of new words students have to learn per course, this means us teachers have our work cut out for us. We all know that although it is important for students to use correct grammar and structures, words are the main carriers of meaning. This means that the more words students are able to handle accurately, the better their chances of understanding English and making themselves understood .
To effectively acquire English vocabulary, students must be learnt four essential stages that first, they notice a new word with help. Secondly, they recognize the word at first with help. Then, they recognize it later on their own. Lastly, they are able to both recognize and produce the word ( (Busy.Teacher.org)
Teachers , furthermore , suggested that we should know the levels of students . It is previous that you, as the teacher, make use of activities that target each of these stages because you should teach words and phrases and you should know level of students and then choose the words and methods for teaching it when you have a clear information about your student you may easily achieve your goal . Moreover , create situations that they use the vocabulary which have gained while the lesson. It helps to fix pupils’ mind and they may utilize them freely in the situation that they need.
We should pay attention one thing that if we are teaching A1 level students we should find easier and funnier way to teach them because they can not acquire or gain high level words and also they are difficult to take in to them .
Here are some techniques of teaching vocabulary as stated by some teachers that I have learnt :
a) Using real -life objects
It is the most easy and remarkable way of teaching vocabulary because while teaching procedure we may easily use it , for example , introduce everything in the room or body parts or something that on the picture of students’ clothes and extra. For instance , we want to teach body parts to our students we may use our body parts instead of pictures of them by showing them our actions.It helps to develop students’ memory and also speaking skill.
b) Using Visuals to Enhance Understanding
In this technique, we use the visuals that helps to students understand new concepts. For example ,we were in a social studies classroom in which the teacher was presenting geography terms such as equator, latitude, and longitude. She or he drew a circle on the board to illustrate the Earth, and then she wrote the word equator across the center. She wrote the word latitude horizontally from west to east where the latitude lines go across the Earth. Finally, she wrote the word longitude from north to south to clearly illustrate the meaning of the word. She or he provided visual context for her students as they encountered the terms for the first time.
Teaching vocabulary is the magic thing if you have a will to creating someting.
3 Result and Discussions
If we want to know our students results there are some techniques for finding out them. We use the Pre and Post tests , mean , mode median , and range for compering and calculating pre and post reults’ of students .
Firstly , we use the Pre test when the beginning of the course or semester . Our tests should be baesd on vacabulary and find out all results and write them on the sheet :
Student’s name
Mark / Pre test
Abdullayeva E’zoza
78
Olimov Jamshid
87
Ulug’bekova Farangiz
80
Then we find out Mean .
The Mean is the average result of group . The Mean has two section pre and post . For calculating it we add all of tge marks of students to each other and divide it into numbers of students in the class . For example , all gathered mark is 1609 , number of students are 20 . Pre mean : 1609 : 20 = 80.45%
It is clear from that , 80.45% of students do well and pass an exam . Post mean also is calculed as the same.
Mode is the repeated marks in pupils result that they got pre or post tests.
For finding out mode we look through all students’ results and point some of them that are repaeted . For instance, we have 20 students in our group and some of them get the same reults : 80 , 82 , 88, 87 ,82 88, 83 80 ,5 ,83 ,80 …… may be five students get 88 point or some of them get 82
Pre mode : 80 , 82 , 83 ,88 …… and Post mode is calculated also as the same .
Median is tge result of one pupil in the class . For clarifying median , we write all results of pupils in sequence that 80, 88, 78, 90 ,86, 78, 91 ,89… and we count sequence marks in line then we choose average of them . For example , we have 12 sequenced marks : 80,81, 82 ,84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 93 ,96,97, 99 . Average points of them are 86 and 87 and add them to each other and divide the reult to 2 . Pre median: (86+87) : 2 = 173 :2 = 86.6%
86.6% is the result of one pupil in the class .
Range is productivity of our teaching procedure or methods.
For finding out it , we choose the highest mark and lowest mark of pupils and subtract from each other : 96 – 76 = 20 %
Pre range is 20 % . And we calculate post range results by the help of post test . Again , choose highest and lowest marks of pupils that they get from post test : 99 – 86 = 14 % . Post range is 14% . It shows that our lesson is productive .
Conclusion
This piece of work aims to highlight the importance of teaching vocabulary learning as an essential part in foreign language learning. Vocabulary in any classroom brings a range of benefits. It adds variety to a lesson, which can be fun and motivating for students by using some kind of extraordinary and interesting , fun techniques or methods It broadens the possibilities for language production by taking students beyond their own lives and experiences. Vacabulary it is the base of learning and teaching language as E. D. Hirsch Jr said ” Vocabulary size is a convenient proxy for a whole range of educational attainments and abilities – not just skill in reading, writing, listening, and speaking, but also general knowledge of science, history, and the arts”.
4 References
Vocabulary words: An evidence-based literacy strategy Charly Lyon Mat https://www.understood.org/en/articles/how-to-teach-vocabulary-words
Teaching vocabulary https://m.busyteacher.org/
Everything Teachers Need to Know About Teaching Vocabulary Effectively Mark Ankucic https://www.3plearning.com/blog/how-to-teach-vocabulary/ 11 November, 2019
Teaching vacabulary
readinghorizons.website was first indexed by Google in February 2022
3 Strategies for Teaching Academic Vocabulary By Barbara R. Blackburn
Activities of Jan Hus in the Czech Republic in the XII- XV centuries
Madaminov Tulqinjon Mamayunusovich
Kokan State PedagogyAssociate professor, teacher
Mirzaliyeva Zarinakhan
Student of the Kokan State Pedagogical Institute named after Mukimi
Annotation . This article analyzes the activity of Gus Jan, the national hero of the Czech people, the ideological leader of the Reformation, against the violence of the Germans in the Czech Republic, against the corruption of the upper-class Catholic clergy, and in spreading the church’s land ownership to an extraordinary extent.
In the Czech Republic, Jan Hus, a priest and professor at the University of Prague, was a representative of the advanced classes of Czech society in the spirit of religious and national reformation. Jan Hus was born in 1369 in the village of Husinets in a simple peasant family. Of course, every mother wants her child to grow up mature. Therefore, at the age of 13, Jan Gus’s mother took her son to another city to study in Prachatice, where he studied for 4 years. Later, in 1386, Jan Hus went to Prague and in 1390 he became a student of the universities there. In 1402, the most important period in the life of Jan Hus begins – he becomes the priest of the Bethlehem church. His responsible attitude, his desire to convey the truth to the people was manifested in everything, combining work at the university with teaching, he gained momentum in his work. Thanks to his zeal, the Czech king Vaclav changed the charter of the University of Prague in 1409, giving Jan Hus the role of leading the university. Jan Hus’ socio-political and religious views grew up under the influence of the famous English reformer John Wyclef. In particular, in Wyclef’s vision, he promoted the virtues of Christianity, the existence of the papacy, the local church and their luxury. Thus Wyclef’s views in the Czech Republic through Jan Hus manifestation be starts [1]_ In this period in the Czech Republic oppression and exploitation of the Catholic Church increased. During the Hundred Years’ War, the popes transferred their tyranny to Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Each year, the Czech Republic sent taxes in various formats to the papal court. There were especially many priests selling indulgences. Most of the taxes collected in the Czech Republic were sent to the papal treasury. At this time, most of the clergy in the Czech Republic were not native Czechs, but immigrant German priests and monarchs who owned land in the Czech Republic. In a word, the peculiarity and complexity of the revolutionary struggle of the Czech state at the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century came from this. In fact, this social movement was directed at the medieval Catholic Church, which was to a large extent the embodiment of foreign tyranny. This movement is related to the work of Jan Gus. But he surpasses Wyclef in several matters. He understood that the church was tormenting the people. Just as our ancestors did not want to enlighten our people. Just as Jan Hus fought against the Russian Empire, he also fought against the Church’s rules in the Czech Republic. Gus’s relationship with the papacy becomes strained and irreconcilable. He comes out with a sharp criticism against the trade in indulgences, against the expansion of the church by landowners, and against the increasing extortion of money by priests. The professor said that the prayer should be performed in the native language, in Czech, and the land should be used by the state to spend promote does [2]_ He did not call for the overthrow of the feudal system. Basically, it limited the oppressive tyranny of the church on the population. The activity of Jan Gus was aimed at exposing the shortcomings of the clergy, condemning the luxury and wealth of the church.
The work of Jan Hus was opposed by the archbishop of Prague, and then by the pope. Gus is forbidden to worship, deprived of the positions of rector and professor. The Church accused him of blasphemy and summoned him to the court of Constantine in 1414. Emperor Sigismund gives Hus the label of “protector” to protect him from the Church. But Gus is imprisoned as soon as he arrives in Constantinople. The Church does not even want him to speak, and condemns him to be burned at the stake as a heretic. And Sigismund did not want to go back and help Gus, betraying his word. Because at that time the prestige of John Hus was higher than the emperor and the papacy. Thus, on July 6, 1415, Jan Hus was burned at the stake in one of the squares of Constance.
The death of Jan Hus caused deep anger in the Czech people. The “heretical communities” that emerged deepened Gus’s teachings and began to see him as a reformer of the church. Punishments by the government begin to be applied against these Huschilars. In this regard, the Huschis revolted in Prague on July 30, 1419. Prague to this uprising priest Jan Zhelivskyi[3] leadership did _ As a result of the uprising, King Wenceslaus is effectively deposed and he flees the country. In his place, his younger brother, Emperor Sigismund, will become the heir to the Czech throne. Sigismund crushed the Guschilars. But because of Sigismund’s wicked behavior, his open hatred of Gus, and his open communication with the German feudal lords, the Czechs did not even hear his name.
In conclusion, it should be said that, despite the defeat of the Husci, their war was important in the history of the Czech Republic. The largest peasant movement at the end of the Middle Ages, foreign Germans, the first church reformation in the Czech Republic was the activity of the Hussars, an uprising against the medieval Catholic Church. Our ancestors Russia to the empire as he fought , Jan Hus also fought against the church’s order in the Czech Republic . He is a person who reformed the church and society in the Czech Republic as to the tarikh sealed.
References
Gutenberg VI People dvijeniya v gorodax Italii v XIV- early XV century . M.- L. 1958
History krestyanstva v Yevrope . Epoxa feudalism . T. 1.2. M. 1985 -86 g.
Kotelnikova LA ” History average vekov “V 4- t.-M., 1968 g.
Lozinsky ST – ” History Papacy “-M., 1986.
[1] Semyonov VF ” Middle centuries history “-T. 1973
[2] Semyonov VF ” Middle centuries history “-T. 1973
[3] Gutenberg VI Narodn y e dvijeniya v gorodax Italii v XIV- early XV century . M.- L. 1958
Participant of Sarvinoz Odiljonova’s “Girlpower” project. She is interested in learning languages and has been learning English since childhood. She is studying. She is a member of several international certificates. She wants to become a journalist in the future and become a smart, intelligent girl whose parents are proud of her country. She has many dreams for the future, one of them is to win the Zulfia Prize and become a student at Harvard University. She often shares her dreams with people. she doesn’t say, because she likes to show her dreams to people after they come true, not just to tell them, so she’s an aspiring, unstoppable, diligent, restless girl.