Cervical Cancer in Adolescent Girls (HPV — Human Papillomavirus)

Cervical cancer is one of the most serious and widespread oncological diseases affecting women worldwide. The primary cause of this disease is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. While most HPV infections resolve spontaneously, certain high-risk types of the virus can cause abnormal changes in cervical cells, which may eventually develop into cancer if left untreated.

In adolescent girls, HPV infection is often asymptomatic, making early detection difficult. Due to the immaturity of the immune system and lack of awareness, the virus may persist in the body for a long period. Factors such as early initiation of sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, weakened immunity, and insufficient access to preventive healthcare increase the risk of cervical cancer development.

Effective prevention strategies play a crucial role in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. Vaccination against HPV at an early age is considered the most reliable method of prevention. In addition, promoting a healthy lifestyle, providing sexual health education, and encouraging regular gynecological examinations are essential measures for early diagnosis. Timely detection of precancerous changes significantly improves treatment outcomes and reduces mortality rates.

Ahmedova Dilorom Mahmudovna is a leading lecturer in Pediatrics at the Abu Ali ibn Sina Public Health Technical School in Yangiyer.

Abdullayeva Feruza

Profi University

Field of study: Preschool Education and Methodology

Puchon University

Master’s student in Educational Management

Types of Visual Activities in Preschool Educational Institutions

Puchon University

Field of Study: Educational Management

Student of Group 1-C

Abdullayeva Feruza Khayrulla qizi

Middle group teacher at Preschool Educational Institution No. 18,

Gulistan City, Syrdarya Region

ABSTRACT

This article highlights the role of visual activities in the comprehensive development of children in Preschool Educational Institutions (PEIs), as well as their importance in the formation of aesthetic knowledge. Visual activities contribute significantly to the intellectual, emotional, and creative growth of preschool children.

Keywords: visual activities, didactic materials, colored pencils, herbariums.

Introduction

Relevance of the Topic

In preschool educational institutions, visual activities help develop analytical and synthetic thinking skills in children whose cognitive abilities are still insufficiently developed. Through visual activities, children are taught to perceive and represent the world through various colors, enrich their imagination, and learn to protect and care for nature and animals.

Object of the Research

The process of conducting visual activity lessons in preschool educational institutions and the observance of safety rules by teachers during the organization of these activities.

Main Part

A. Types of Visual Activities

Types of visual activities refer to the process of depicting objects, phenomena, or imagined images from the surrounding environment using various tools. This is a creative activity primarily based on visual perception and representation, and it is manifested in the following forms:

1. Drawing – Graphics and painting are widely used in preschool educational institutions within this field.

2. Sculpting – The use of three-dimensional forms. This method is applied when children create various objects using clay. It contributes to the development of fine motor skills and sensory perception. For example, children learn to distinguish between hard and soft, big and small objects.

3. Decorative and Applied Art (patterns and ornaments) – This type is mainly used with senior and preparatory group children, as they are capable of decorating with aesthetic taste. Considering the creative thinking and ability of older preschool children to create images, this activity can be effectively implemented.

4. Design Activities – Interior design, exterior design, clothing design, and others.

B. Materials and Tools

White paper, colored paper, and cardboard – Essential materials for creating visual works. In preschool educational institutions, white and colored paper and cardboard are widely used in visual activities.

Handout materials – Cards or various objects appropriate to the age group and topic, which help children acquire new knowledge.

Construction sets – LEGO blocks and sets designed for assembling parts, such as Mosaic, Tangram, and the Columbus Egg. These sets enable children to learn unconventional forms of sculpting.

Herbariums – Collections of dried plants commonly used in education, scientific research, or decorative and applied art. Flowers, leaves, and various plants collected during walks with preschool children can be dried and used in creative activities. For example, dried straw can be used to create decorative fairy-tale characters or animate certain scenes.

Colored pencils – Pencils of various colors used for drawing, coloring, and creative activities. They are generally divided into three types:

1. Standard colored pencils – Wooden pencils used for coloring.

2. Watercolor pencils – Coloring tools that produce color when mixed with water.

3. Pastel pencils – Soft pencils that produce bright and vivid colors.

Porcelain dough – Due to its properties, such as softness, flexibility, smoothness, and ability to take any desired shape, it is convenient for creative activities.

In preschool educational settings, children can also be shown that natural dyes can be obtained by cutting red beetroot into pieces and applying it to paper.

Conclusion

The conducted analysis shows that through various types of visual activities, children enrich their inner world, develop aesthetic taste, learn to perceive nature and the environment, and are taught not to harm them. In addition, visual activities help children understand changes occurring in the surrounding world, including seasonal changes in nature.

Expected Results

During visual activity sessions, children learn to complete tasks in an orderly manner without disturbing others, respect one another, share learning materials, and work collaboratively. Upon completion of the activity, children experience satisfaction and joy from their own work.

References

1. Sakulina, N. R. Drawing, Appliqué, and Clay Work in Kindergarten.

2. Kamorova, T. S. Visual Arts Lessons.

3. Khasanova, T. Sh. Teaching Visual Activities. Tashkent, 2020.

4. Mahmudova, O. A., & Mahmudova, S. A. Technologies of Working with Plastic Materials in the Preschool Education System (Textbook). Tashkent, 2019.

5. Abdirasilov, S. F. Methods of Teaching Visual Arts. Tashkent, 2012.

6. Shodiyev, A. S. Preschool Education Pedagogy. Tashkent, 2018.

Love Letter to Myself

Love letters don’t have to be happy.

And if I were to write one to you I know it would have to be sad

Just like it would be if I were writing to anyone else

So I would write to you as if you were someone other than myself

I would not write you a letter about how much I love you

I would write you a letter about my love.

I would write to you:

Dear whatever you would like to be called,

By name or by another thing that calls to you

I could call you stars

Because I do think you shine like them and you’re scattered like them

And you don’t shine half as bright as the other lights do but maybe that’s okay

Or I could call you tree

Because you seem to keep wanting to be or thinking you are

Being stepped on by rubber soles that will slip and fall and it’s all your fault

Or I could call you mine

A pickup line that would never really work unless you looked unlike you do

But in this case you are mine and I am yours we are each other and I could call you

Or I could call you nothing at all.

There’s so much I want to say to you and so little that I do.

Words are less than feelings, I think.

I don’t think I could describe everything I feel for you only in words

But I’ll try to paint a picture of you with your own fingertips:

You are in a tree,

And I know you say that a lot,

You are the tree or you are in the tree but I think it fits,

Because you feel safe in trees and you feel safe here in this letter

And you would sleep in a tree if you wouldn’t fall out

And you’d dream of falling up into the sky

In that beautiful blue that you love so much because it feels to you like a color that’s been lost

To the dull of the modern world but when you see the stars that have been for billions of years

You see the light again and you are happy.

I love how you can be happy.

How when you smile through your eye bags

I imagine I see little stars twinkling in the brown of your irises.

I love how you giggle when anything happens that you like

And I love how it sounds when you laugh.

I love that you laugh at everything even if it isn’t funny because to you it is

I love how you try to calm down when you’re excited but you never can

I love how your dimple on the left side of your face

Shows up when you smile

or when you frown

I love how you can be sad.

How when you cry through your eye bags

I imagine I see little stars shining in the tears in your eyes.

I love how you cry whenever you get upset

Because it shows you have real emotion, you are a sensitive person

I love that you cry at everything even if it isn’t upsetting because to you it is

I love how you listen to sad music and it only makes you sadder

I love how much you feel.

Love letters don’t have to be happy.

But I find that this one has strangely turned out to be.

Maybe I do love you, and so then you love me

Even though there’s a lot of things I still haven’t said

Like I hate how you hate yourself and your face, and your body

I hate how you look when you smile and I hate how you look when you cry

I hate how you’re not cool and everyone else is

But I know that you know about the things that I hate.

Because you hate them too.

Because you never stop and think about the things that you love about yourself,

Except for the occasional selfie that you delete the day after

Because what were you even gonna do with it anyway?

You’re just not all that, you think. But I think you are.

And I think you love yourself anyway.

You must love yourself because I know I love you.

I love you.

Love,

You

Somebody, light this

joint for me so we can pass

zen in a circle.

a bottle of red wine

in primordial forest:

man’s next telescope

I live, a Buddhist.

Is this why your manger chills,

plastic baby Christ?

Gazing Into the Boundless

A tiny puddle is a mirror!

and the one gently peering in

is the dandelion.

A flower gazes at its own reflection

in the tear-drops of the clouds.

2Like an old man,

the cherry tree is bent with age…

Yet youth blooms in every branch.

The only thing my soul needs

is a walking stick.

A bud is joy,

a flower is flame.

It came into this world

to burn.

The wind ploughs through the flowerbed;

one flower falls beneath another…

A flowerpot under a flowerpot—my perplexity is faster than a racehorse.

If destiny allows,

I would build a minaret—as grand as a pharaoh’s pyramid—out of a single poem.

I would plant flowers

all around it.

Then I would climb it gently

and gaze upon the world and its people.

I would ask applause for my poems

from whoever has read them—if anyone has.

I cherish poetry deeply,

even though it wounds my heart.

Wandering through astonishing flower gardens,

I place poetry

as a crown upon my head.

Let people send me their love

and call me king—I no longer mind.

Silence is comforting;

it buries the cries and sounds

of sorrow.

The morning sun is magnificent:

the flowers can hear

the sound of its light.

These mountains stand proud;

they pay no mind

to those who pass beneath them.

The sky is a vast embrace—wide enough to hold

every glance.

The poet is the guide of my soul;

from the light of faith

my feelings begin to bloom.

(Translated by Azam Abidov)

Nurbek Norchayev is a representative of modern Uzbek poetry and a poet. He was born on April 18, 1993, in Koson district of Kashkadarya region, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Memorial

‎

‎Memory does not do much harm without traces

‎That day, I suddenly found a memory

‎In the longitudinal section of the rib bone

‎I was overwhelmed with love and happiness

‎The tired heart swam in the water of my eyes

‎Promises were scattered from the soul,

‎A supernatural promise

‎The wound wanted to settle

‎But like many, I am nostalgic myself

‎So I postponed the amputation.

‎

‎A memory from the tomb of the river said,

‎’People who have lost their memory are helpless’

‎Even blood stirs up a thousand memories

‎The memories of the world never retire

‎You will return – I know it is pointless

‎Still, it is for a dignified life.

‎

‎One day I went to see the sea

‎There were countless memories on the beach

‎I picked up memories from the pebbles

‎Some memories shouted

‎’Forgive me, forgive me’

‎I couldn’t express my tears for you

‎The ocean’s tears were filled with memories

‎I didn’t pronounce it clearly with my open chest

‎Your name that you gave me

‎The ocean waited for me

‎I waited for your embrace.

‎

‎One day the rain touched my past

‎It wanted to give me freedom

‎It couldn’t erase all the sorrow

‎And couldn’t separate me from the sorrow

‎By the one who taught me to love

‎Only you can give me a river free from sorrow.

‎

‎You know, memories are eternal, heavenly

‎Revived in solitude

‎I will feel pride in your memory

‎As long as I live

‎I too have secret memories

‎There is the sorrow of losing my soul

‎Who will pay the price of losing my soul?

‎

‎Memories mixed with the intoxicating air

‎Who can afford to ignore it?

‎I continuously drink the essence of memories

‎Feelings hanging from a window filled with sadness

‎I remove the window curtain and see the horizon line

‎Where the poetic essence merges with the essence of me.

‎

‎No one questions the wind above my head,

‎The ground beneath my feet,

‎The waves of adolescence,

‎The dreams of youth,

‎The stars falling in the darkness,

‎The stopped watch –

‎How have they kept me?

‎

‎Don’t you ask – at what price is memory sold,

‎at what price is time sold?

‎I haven’t learned to sell memory

‎I haven’t learned to sell time

‎I couldn’t bow my head like a slave for a moment.

‎

‎Now the poetry shops are not crowded

‎Like the forbidden shops are crowded

‎Poetry does not glorify the soul

‎Because you do not recite the exiled poem

‎Open the window of the soul once

‎Purify my tears

‎With breath, purify the soil

‎Purify our surroundings again

‎Let’s drink together morning, afternoon, evening

‎Let’s drink hand in hand the song of time

‎Let’s release the anxious stars

‎Let’s embrace the earth deeply.

‎

The Midnight Bloom

Fernando José Martínez Alderete  México

The garden sleeps in silver frost, Beneath a moon of white, While all the summer leaves are lost To winter’s quiet night.

But see, against the coming cold, A single petal wakes, With stories that are yet untold And paths the spirit takes.

A rose of red in January, Upon the frozen vine, A spark of hope, a sanctuary, Where old and new entwine.

It does not fear the changing year, Or what the winds may bring, It holds the secret, soft and clear: That winter dreams of spring.

So let us bloom like this tonight, Though bitter winds may blow, And find our own internal light Amidst the falling snow.

CLOCK

Fernando José Martínez Alderete, México

The clock is leaning toward the edge of night, A heavy weight of months begins to fade. We stand between the shadow and the light, Beside the ghost of every choice we’ve made. The calendar is thinning, leaf by leaf, Until the final pulse, the final breath, A mixture of our triumph and our grief, Is laid to rest beneath the winter’s wreath.

But look—the dark is not an empty space, It is the soil where tomorrow sleeps. The universe prepares a quiet place For every promise that a spirit keeps. The old year was a teacher, stern and wise, Who taught us how to bend but never break, Who showed us how the sun will always rise, Despite the lonely paths we had to take.

So let the midnight bells begin to chime, To wash the dust from every tired soul. We are the weavers of this fabric, Time, And every broken thread can be made whole. Discard the heavy cloak of ‘what has been,’ The bitter words, the burdens, and the fear. A golden gate is opening within, To welcome in the dawning of the year.

The path ahead is silent, soft, and deep, Unmarked by any footstep but your own. There are a thousand promises to keep, And fields of joy that yet remain unsown. May courage be your compass through the gale, May kindness be the lantern in your hand, For even when the strongest spirits fail, New hope will rise like tides upon the sand.

So here we stand, upon the silver line, With hands outstretched to touch the coming day. The stars above in silent witness shine, As old regrets begin to melt away. Drink deep the air, the morning, and the light, The world is born again, forever new. The sun is climbing high above the night, And all the sky is waiting just for you.

Dr. Fernando Martinez Alderete

Writer, poet, theater actor, radio producer. Born in Leon Guanajuato, Mexico on April 21,1977, President of Mil Mentes Por México in Guanajuato. Dr. HC, global leadership and literature. His poems are published in more than 200 anthologies in fifteen countries around the world and he is the author of ten books, of poetry, short stories and novels.