PROSPECTS OF USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN 

Student of Tashkent State Agrarian University
Kadyrova Arofat Abdukarimovna

This article talks about the importance of using geothermal energy sources in the conditions of Uzbekistan. Information is given about the basis of the widespread use of alternative energy sources, not traditional energy sources, their current state, and the reforms and news that are being carried out in this regard in our country.Today, we are living in a time where modern new age generations and innovative and digital technologies that require almost no manual labor are progressing and growing. It can be seen from this that the machines that make our heavy work light, our complex work easy and even our long journey closer now require energy. They now run on electricity instead of gasoline. 

First of all, one thing should be emphasized: "We cannot imagine our life without electricity."

Today, no matter what the field is, electricity is needed. Due to the many actions being carried out now, our development is developing day by day, and the lifestyle of our people is improving more and more. It is worth noting that the adoption of the strategy of supplying the country with electricity until 2030 in our Republic is of great importance for further development, efficient use of alternative energy sources and development of technologies. According to the strategy, it is planned to increase the production capacity of electricity from 5900MW to 29200MW by 2030 and to reduce the consumption of natural gas and reduce the losses in electricity transmission as much as possible.

According to the concept, the consumption of natural gas in the production of electricity will be reduced from 16.5 billion cubic meters to 12.1 billion cubic meters. This plan includes reduction of losses in electricity transmission by 2.35% and in distribution by 6.5%.
Now we will talk about where and how we get electricity. 

We know that we receive electricity in a traditional way, that is, through TPPs. TPP stands for Thermal Power Plant. In thermal power plants, thermal energy is converted into electrical energy and transmitted to us through power transformers. And this borad will suffer many losses until it reaches our home. In particular, this happens in a large unit at the station itself. Thermal power plants operate mainly by burning coal, natural gas and fuel oil. These fuels are sources of energy that are running out. One of the harmful aspects of thermal power plants is large energy losses, and another is a very negative impact on the environment. The toxic gases emitted from it go up into the sky and poison our ecology, harming the natural air, and there is also the problem of disposal of the waste from it. 

However, its advantage is that it is much cheaper than other types of energy production, which is why we have electricity at the expense of TPPs. However, by now, traditional methods are being abandoned in the developed countries of the world. Therefore, the use of renewable energy sources remains very effective.
The use of alternative energy sources can be a little expensive, but it is not harmful. That is, it can be obtained without harming the environment. In this regard, many innovations and reforms are being carried out in this regard in our country. In particular, the verdict of our honorable president Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev "On measures to accelerate the introduction of renewable energy sources and energy-saving technologies in 2023" can be cited. 

The effect of the words said in the verdict can be seen in the example of Bukhara region. 

In accordance with the verdict, the first turbine with a height of 100 meters and a blade length of 84 meters was erected in Bukhara region this year as part of the construction of a wind power plant. There are 157 more installations from this device. The first capacities of the stations are expected to be put into operation in 2024.

Now, let's talk about geothermal energy. This type of energy is an alternative and renewable energy. Geothermal energy is heat energy in the earth's crust, which comes from the earth's crust and radioactive decay. That is, simply put, artesian water or hot spring. We know that from somewhere in the mountainous regions of our republic, when water comes out, it turns into a sanatorium and it is said that there is a hot spring. 

So, how promising is the use of geothermal energy sources in our country? Of course, it is promising, because Uzbekistan is a country with huge reserves of water, which is a source of geothermal energy. It has been determined that there are geothermal waters in every part of its regions. Scientific research shows that the average gradient of geothermal waters in our country is 40C/km. The heat vapor flow is equal to 0.06 W/m2. Compared to annual indicators, the gross potential of geothermal waters in our country is estimated at 160.8 thousand tons of oil energy. 

Of course, we cannot get electricity directly through this energy, but it is being done in other countries, why can't we do it now? Our exact location may not be rich in active volcanic zones, but that doesn't mean it's just accessible. After all, it is possible to find a solution if you do as much research as possible. If water at a certain depth, i.e. 300 or more depth, is brought to the surface of the earth and heated through specially insulated turbines, it will certainly be possible to obtain electricity from it, and this will certainly become one of the major changes in the field of green energy in our country. 

Of course, environmentally safe and most importantly clean renewable energy.

In conclusion, it can be said that in the current developing period, I think we should not get tired of working on new scientific researches and new discoveries. Because no matter what we do, we find easy ways and implement them in order to satisfy our needs and our own comfortable life and safety, and all this is only for ourselves, for the comfortable and healthy lifestyle of the new generation. Therefore, we should not stop searching.