Activities of Jan Hus in the Czech Republic in the                         XII- XV centuries

Madaminov  Tulqinjon  Mamayunusovich

Kokan State Pedagogy Associate professor, teacher

Mirzaliyeva Zarinakhan

Student of the Kokan State Pedagogical Institute named after Mukimi

Annotation . This article analyzes the activity of Gus Jan, the national hero of the Czech people, the ideological leader of the Reformation, against the violence of the Germans in the Czech Republic, against the corruption of the upper-class Catholic clergy, and in spreading the church’s land ownership to an extraordinary extent.

Keywords: Husinets,church, 1390 , Prague, exploitation, indulgence, Czech, Wyclef, sacred writing, Neopalus, 1412.

   In the Czech Republic, Jan Hus, a priest and professor at the University of Prague, was a representative of the advanced classes of Czech society in the spirit of religious and national reformation. Jan Hus was born in 1369 in the village of Husinets in a simple peasant family. Of course, every mother wants her child to grow up mature. Therefore, at the age of 13, Jan Gus’s mother took her son to another city to study in Prachatice, where he studied for 4 years. Later, in 1386, Jan Hus went to Prague and in 1390 he became a student of the universities there. In 1402, the most important period in the life of Jan Hus begins – he becomes the priest of the Bethlehem church. His responsible attitude, his desire to convey the truth to the people was manifested in everything, combining work at the university with teaching, he gained momentum in his work. Thanks to his zeal, the Czech king Vaclav changed the charter of the University of Prague in 1409, giving Jan Hus the role of leading the university. Jan Hus’ socio-political and religious views grew up under the influence of the famous English reformer John Wyclef. In particular, in Wyclef’s vision, he promoted the virtues of Christianity, the existence of the papacy, the local church and their luxury. Thus Wyclef’s views in the Czech Republic through Jan Hus manifestation be starts [1]_ In this period in the Czech Republic oppression and exploitation of the Catholic Church increased. During the Hundred Years’ War, the popes transferred their tyranny to Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Each year, the Czech Republic sent taxes in various formats to the papal court. There were especially many priests selling indulgences. Most of the taxes collected in the Czech Republic were sent to the papal treasury. At this time, most of the clergy in the Czech Republic were not native Czechs, but immigrant German priests and monarchs who owned land in the Czech Republic. In a word, the peculiarity and complexity of the revolutionary struggle of the Czech state at the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century came from this. In fact, this social movement was directed at the medieval Catholic Church, which was to a large extent the embodiment of foreign tyranny. This movement is related to the work of Jan Gus. But he surpasses Wyclef in several matters. He understood that the church was tormenting the people. Just as our ancestors did not want to enlighten our people. Just as Jan Hus fought against the Russian Empire, he also fought against the Church’s rules in the Czech Republic. Gus’s relationship with the papacy becomes strained and irreconcilable. He comes out with a sharp criticism against the trade in indulgences, against the expansion of the church by landowners, and against the increasing extortion of money by priests. The professor said that the prayer should be performed in the native language, in Czech, and the land should be used by the state to spend promote does [2]_ He did not call for the overthrow of the feudal system. Basically, it limited the oppressive tyranny of the church on the population. The activity of Jan Gus was aimed at exposing the shortcomings of the clergy, condemning the luxury and wealth of the church.

The work of Jan Hus was opposed by the archbishop of Prague, and then by the pope. Gus is forbidden to worship, deprived of the positions of rector and professor. The Church accused him of blasphemy and summoned him to the court of Constantine in 1414. Emperor Sigismund gives Hus the label of “protector” to protect him from the Church. But Gus is imprisoned as soon as he arrives in Constantinople. The Church does not even want him to speak, and condemns him to be burned at the stake as a heretic. And Sigismund did not want to go back and help Gus, betraying his word. Because at that time the prestige of John Hus was higher than the emperor and the papacy. Thus, on July 6, 1415, Jan Hus was burned at the stake in one of the squares of Constance.

The death of Jan Hus caused deep anger in the Czech people. The “heretical communities” that emerged deepened Gus’s teachings and began to see him as a reformer of the church. Punishments by the government begin to be applied against these Huschilars. In this regard, the Huschis revolted in Prague on July 30, 1419. Prague to this uprising priest Jan Zhelivskyi[3] leadership did _ As a result of the uprising, King Wenceslaus is effectively deposed and he flees the country. In his place, his younger brother, Emperor Sigismund, will become the heir to the Czech throne. Sigismund crushed the Guschilars. But because of Sigismund’s wicked behavior, his open hatred of Gus, and his open communication with the German feudal lords, the Czechs did not even hear his name.

In conclusion, it should be said that, despite the defeat of the Husci, their war was important in the history of the Czech Republic. The largest peasant movement at the end of the Middle Ages, foreign Germans, the first church reformation in the Czech Republic was the activity of the Hussars, an uprising against the medieval Catholic Church. Our ancestors Russia to the empire as he fought , Jan Hus also fought against the church’s order in the Czech Republic . He is a person who reformed the church and society in the Czech Republic as to the tarikh sealed.

References

1. Gutenberg VI People dvijeniya v gorodax Italii v XIV- early XV century . M.- L. 1958
2. History krestyanstva v Yevrope . Epoxa feudalism . T. 1.2. M. 1985 -86 g.
3. Kotelnikova LA ” History average vekov “V 4- t.-M., 1968 g.
4. Lozinsky ST – ” History Papacy “-M., 1986.

[1] Semyonov VF ” Middle centuries history “-T. 1973

[2] Semyonov VF ” Middle centuries history “-T. 1973

[3] Gutenberg VI Narodn y e dvijeniya v gorodax Italii v XIV- early XV century . M.- L. 1958

Youth rusher in my eyes,
You made a wide world narrow to me.
Chorus as long as I say my true love,
Is it that you see me rave ?

Easy to get into your words,
What a moment you did not ask.
So bad that you don't think,
Is it that you see me rave ?

Zor I cried You Didn't parvo,
You live just as carefree.
As if I am an unnecessary item,
Is it that you see me rave ? 

Let it be said,
Eyes passing as if not seen.
Alam said friends,
Is it that you see me rave ?

What did the shame either sin,
My love was jajji innocent.
Witness who created akhvolim,
Is it that you see me rave ? 

I'm going to spill slowly,
Ich-ich Dardanelles.
Crying believe me growling,
Is it that you see me rave ?

I couldn't give nahot happiness to you,
Is it that you see me rave ? 

Author: Gulsanam Abdullaeva

Awareness is the need of the hour!

Life is an unrepeatable miracle in which many people are born. As long as a person breathes this air in this world, it means that he is a part of this nature of this world. Man lives in agony without any body part. Therefore, God first creates a person. A person is not born good or bad, on the contrary, he is brought up by the family environment and the upbringing of society. There are people who are the singers of goodness, on the contrary, it can be said with a thousand regrets that there are no people who promote evil in this world, just like the other side of the coin.

         We are now living in the era of 21st century technology-technology “Globalization”, this modern technology is good, developed because many technologies lighten the burden of man. But there are those who promote them wrongly, because of this evil evils such as “Terrorism”, “Extremism”, “Religious fanaticism”, “Human trafficking” are spreading in the society. So what should we do at such a time? This is how we answer this question, let’s be careful, friends.

Let’s take a look at the past. In that case, if a war broke out between one country, it could have been prevented, because the enemy was known, nowadays it is difficult to understand people with bad habits and negative ideas at the same time. Those who do not return, who are subject to lust, their only goal is to earn money, they are those who do not understand the beauty of life, do not find in it, do not enjoy it, and do not know how to live in life.

Therefore, the demand of today’s era is awareness, vigilance. Let’s not forget that everything in this world is done according to the will of man. Money earned in an easy and illegal way will not bring you benefit, on the contrary, it will make you miserable, illegal money will destroy a person. The fruit of honesty is always sweet. Life is beautiful only if you want it to be. Be careful friends!

          Sitorakhon Buriyeva

Buriyeva Sitorakhan Azamatovna was born in 2001 in Kumkurgan district of Surkhandarya region. Currently, he is a 3rd year student of the Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Ilhom.

A member of the literary club, a young volunteer of the “Golden Wing” organization. His creative works have been published in Kenyan magazines. He is an ambassador on behalf of Uzbekistan in several international organizations.

In particular: Africa Nigeria is the ambassador of the organization “Global Education Ambassador” at Wisdom University of the country.

Member of the International Union of Writers of Science and Literature “Juntos por las Letras” of Argentina.

Life

Just like the life of a human being born.

Tree is falling

will go in the autumn.

In every leaf, a human life

My mind is a dream

irrigate

Sometimes buried himself in the

questions 

life,

This is fate of every human

The leaves of thee are a lesson to us,

Disappear 

like a knot is sorrows 

In fact, eloquent people who give speeches on big platforms and can freely express their opinion in front of the public are born with this talent “infected” by God. One out of ten people who do not shy away from the public eye can be found today. So, is it possible to overcome this fear and what are the methods? Let’s discuss this topic!

 First of all, we should treat this quality as a talent, because every person has a unique and appropriate talent. After all, if he doesn’t do it himself, it’s useless! In the words of Hazrat Navoi, the psychology of people who speak “little and nothing” is generally more subdued than others. In some cases, this condition is explained by the inability to express one’s thoughts and speech in the language – written speech is good and oral speech is not well developed, while in others it is defined as a character that is passed from generation to generation. This is also the reason why the verb “pulled to so-and-so (grandfather, father…)” is used.

 But on the other hand, in most cases, overcoming this fear is not “incurable”. In my opinion, a person who is afraid to express his words in front of an audience has grown up in an environment where his opinions are not listened to and his views are not taken into account. Only a child whose mouth is immediately closed when he tries to speak, and whose questions remain mostly unanswered due to neglect and indifference, can grow into such a panic-stricken person in the future.

 As a solution and conclusion, I would ask parents to listen to their children in any situation, to raise them in a free environment, not to set excessive limits and prohibitions… In addition, as a young representative of society, I recommend to my peers to read more fiction books and works. After all, there is no doubt that a person who has read a lot of books will have a fluent language, a fluent speech, and a clear life path.

 Davronova Lobar. Uzbekistan

A person who excels in sports!

Sports that keep us upright,
Takes to the heights,
Set a record in every field
Athletes win always!

Gyms are waiting for us,
It only requires worked,
A chance for a boy or girls
The doors are opened!

A person who excels in sports,
In training full of energy,
Get up early every day
Runs, eats healthy!

Sports-health guarantee,
Make the words a slogan,
To do sports
Consider it a glory for the nation!

Farkhodova Nodira Ulugbek's daughter was born on November 14, in 2008 Shafirkon district of Bukhara region. She is a student in 9 th grade of 38th Specialized State General Education School of the Shafirkon district public education department. She is a young amateur who is interested in writing poetry. There are more than 30 poems in total. "A person who excels in sports", "My Motherland", "My mother language is my pride and joy" and many other poems were published in newspapers and magazines.  In addition, she took pride of place in several contests.

Sometimes when we are in trouble, when our pain is crushing our heart, we want to feel relieved by telling someone about it.

Because a human being is born with feelings of anxiety, fear, and sadness in his heart. But we do not think that the people who are listening to us have bigger problems than yours, that is, your speech is almost not interesting to them.

Most of them don’t want to hear you, but most of them are happy that you are a pain. It’s a bitter truth.

Let’s not tell our pain to those who suffer like us, but to Allah, the Healer of all hearts. After all, He sent these pains so that my servant would come closer to me, so that he could be relieved by telling me his pain, so what are we going to do by knocking on the wrong doors?

As long as we say yes, it is not necessary to stand in queues for the reception of our Doctor, if we raise our hands together to the sky, He will hear us and answer us…