Uzbekistan is a country known to the world for its interesting places of Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva! The national dish of Uzbekistan is certainly Pilaf. Pilaf is loved and eaten in almost all regions of Uzbekistan.

The method of its preparation is different depending on the region. But the sweetest Pilaf is definitely prepared in teahouses and wedding halls of Tashkent city. Come to Uzbekistan and eat Pilaf, you won’t regret it!

After the Wake (originally published at The Gorko Gazette)
 
Yellow wallpaper  
peels 
behind faded pictures 
in dusty frames,  
falling to the floor  
in ashen drifts—ephemeral— 
of births and wakes, 
stabbing  
to the heart 
like first kisses 
or cold sips  
of Orange Crush 
but dulled 
from memory  
(and time) 
like giftless Christmases  
and old calico,  
drying on the line. 
What ghosts roam these halls, 
haunting bowls
of waxed fruit
and glass doorknobs,  
lingering ‘round chicken coops,  
dust bunnies, 
and jelly jar glasses 
like palls 
or the bitter of burnt almonds. 
As a pale pink echo 
of rose 
peeks through the air’s must,  
a voice whispers, “Remember this. Now,” 
leaving me to chuckle and smile. 
 
How silly it is to mourn life as we live it.  


Indigo (originally published at San Antonio Review)

The curtains pull ‘cross the landscape behind my eyes—the way they do on days like this—emerged from sleep, from splashes of water in the basin and black coffee past a sugared tongue. Silently, I praise drip-dried epiphanies that swirl and stir beneath drowsy lids, over smoking toasters and morning papers, rousing consciousness with gentle shocks like chewing aluminum foil and the last lick of a taser’s kiss. There’s a blue sky outside. A blue blue. The bluest blue. The kind of blue that bruises the sky before its skin splits, (re)submerging us with splashes (more) of an angry rain that dismantles but doesn’t drown, diminishes but doesn’t destroy. Indigo is its color—Indigo, the King of Blue.

It’s a violet field, trampled by God’s thumb and the hard souls of saints, raining down blessings of sweet water—like napalm set aflame by the perfumed blood of petals—upon waking earth and trees, parking lots and sidewalks, and skin, leaving scars and cold scorches and ghosts. It smells like cuts and mud and shit. It smells like indigo—Indigo, the King of Blue.

Longing is deep for the cold comforts of my walls and drawn curtains. The cool blazes of artificial suns in every room. The scent of dog and recycled breath coming from the AC. But I hear the call of the rain (I always do, it seems)—for all it takes and gives, for the cold it brings and the loans it calls in—and it draws me back, again, again, and again—a shade haunting the pane.

Today, I feel indigo—Indigo, King of the Blues.


Slam! (originally published at The Gorko Gazette)
 
Disturbing white calm, 
lightning strikes  
conjure storms 
in coffee cups  

and sleepy inkwells, 
baptizing words 
in snaps  
and rolling alliterations— 
obliterations— 
of sweet ether 
and strums 
of liars’ strings. 
Drops 
of fire 
on wanting eardrums
(and moistened seats)
sharpen sterling tongues
like whetstones
to a razor’s kiss
for a night’s slice
and dice.
How cuts flow, sweetly.



Sour Grapes (originally published at DED Poetry)
 
Crumb’ling truths 
and destinies, entwined, 
fray 
and crumble  
to dust 
at the speed of 
rushes o’ blood 
to cuckolded cheeks, 
boiling tears 
and setting fire to the rain, 
melting  
souring  
this love— 
a wounded fruit—like  
ice cream 
left 
in the sun 
too  
long. 


Last Rights of Fire Thieves (originally published at Fahmidan Journal)

Moments
before the viewing,
before your newfound family piled in
and my aunts and uncles, dear (long gone
since the judge’s decree), 
the black hole 
between 
us
collapsed 
upon itself
to the silent ring of destiny
and cruelty of crossed stars.
How small (so frail) you seemed,
since Fate’s last kiss upon our lips,
like lint on God’s shoulder
or a water-colored echo 
of giants.
And angry. So angry,
you were, to give up the ghost
with a scowl I’ve long since seen
no mortician’s palette 
could ever begin to stave.
Funny
how true nature 
rises 
past the crud—a soured cream—
when one 
decides, finally,
to get out of the way.
But,
here we are, again,
this time trading secrets,
eating crow
cold to the bone. 
I’ll keep yours
behind our brown eyes,
‘hind latches and catches,
lock and key.
I’ll hold them close 
like babes and beatitudes—
bullets and blood clots—
if you’ll keep mine.
Just look at us, 
a couple of fire thieves,
carbon copies 
left out in the cold,
forever looking,
looking for warmth, 
forever looking 
where there ever was none,
forever looking
finding none.

So, 
this is “Goodbye”—
maybe 
“See you later.”
Don’t try to find me
(There’s no point, 
now.)
and I promise 
I won’t call.

Think fast; who’s the Pope?                   

They walked on just like in the old days where windows and doors slid by bounded all over with bright sills and thick frames on the one side flat hard ‘men down the bottom and off’n that udder size the chainlink just flew egg yip the chainlink just flew so much and damned faster if ya pushed your hand in it it’d pop it clear off—left right left right booted-down solidly flowing, they flowed to the very Jai alai court’s entrance as every day lately but stopped up short again by the fact of a brand new shiny red super stock coinslot-drop machine on a post by the door and again this’ so new’s so worth saying through them about itself, What the hell is that?

A place to drop a coin. Like when buying something from a machine. You know. A coin-slot half zipper. Like that it is. And like that and like that.

But there’s nothing to buy there.

Oh well {ho hum} there is it anyway. Who cares? Go in, all clocks are ticking and, so; they passed by that mystery and went dear Jesus thank God and our into fling fly pop whizz catch slide big lucky stars we found Jai run look squeak, again alai fling fly pop whizz alai, Jai catch slide Jai alai isn’t it great, great run look squeak, again fun? { whizz alai w } Yes God fling fly pop damn it to whizz catch slide run hell, it’s great look squeak, again fun yes it’s fun—then then several slides in succession slid away all previous slides each slide’s a day seven slides are a week and about ten or less smaller tense intervals in the vast central in-between passed until one day on approaching the door of the Ja’a ‘lai center { whizz alai w } [ and more praise the son more timely and earlier even no sass ass be-frore, you didn’t know from before but you been told right now WHOOP ] there stood by the coin box a yellow-clad worker slash (/////) like that, attendant { whizz alai w whizz alai w } pushed out a hand.

Hold it and stop. Hold it. Stop.

Uh. Uh. What? Why?

Here, said the attendant, palming straight at them one single coin.

What’s that?

A coin. Take it.

Why? they said, as they took it.

Push it in the coin slot there.

Why?

Just push it.

And the coin got manipulated to the necessary angle ‘tween the necessary two fingers held totally correctly to get dropped smooth’d n’gone into the dark slot, and the attendant said, before even being looked at and asked, Okay there now, what Okay thanks, go on in. You can go right in now, have a nice day, a nice day, what the hell was that all about? Have a day, a hell of a nice day—and they did, but still, on in over’n, What the hell was that all about, hoo hoo, what the hell was that all about, anyway. But.

hoo hoo

But.

hoo hoo

hoo hoo

hoo hoo

And all, but; so that melted into the frame of every day after that the walk to the center the stop for the coin game the tip t’ th’ hen-tendant became an expected part of the frame of every day, until, now again. What the hell is this, again what the hell is this sᴉɥʇ sᴉ ןןǝɥ ǝɥʇ ʇɐɥM Mɥɐ ɥǝןן ᴉs what the ʇɥᴉs siht hell is this now si lleh anyway what eht tahW the hell is this?

Slow down slow down slower and slower and : what the hell’s this anyway : ?? stop.

The attendant still stood and the coin box also but to the side got tacked up by s’buedy a type of vertical narrow control panel with three buttons | approx. | Kevin Seltzer? Who the hell is Kevin Seltzer? arranged one’s top’d the other and as usual the attendant held out the coin but bu-they did say {which one’s say’d matteh? No which ones say’d matteh} Grovel Conical (wow what a corporately appropriate t’ – never mind that + my name is Kevin Seltzer and I’m happy to speak to you today about your brand new career with Grovel Conical * biggest single superior supplier of conicals to the military industrial quite complex community half the world wide already and growing beat ya to it beat ya did beat ya * uh oh + as the took the coin from them, What is this here? These buttons here? What is? What is it we are to do with these buttons here, or-r-r-r- are we to do nothing at all? Think ‘cause you’re telling us nothing it’s do nothing at all and the coin, slipping home, told ‘th its tinkly-tink the attendant to say that the new procedure is to press one of the buttons after depositing the coin’s teensy tinkly-tink and then the wide double doors will swing open and you may enter and be seated.

Huh?

Enter and be seated? This is a Jai alai court no no no show?

The attendant replied, This is the script I must follow to tell you I was told to do so and so do so I will here you go = the new procedure is to press one of the buttons : which button doesn’t matter any button why’s there three buttons my my aren’t you the busy brained little one aren’t you ha ha : ^ scratch the “cute child” up top o’ th’ a’ad ^ after depositing the coin and then the wide double doors will swing open and you may enter and be seated.

They stood blank, not just them, but that, also—this attendant’s ‘gun acting more like a that than an a t’ them—to be nice is always fine fallback when in doubt—being nice, say fine parents world-wide—being nice you cannot go wrong with a career at Grovel Conical always pays you will never get in trouble being nice—being nice, say fine parents world-wide—Kevin Seltzer? Who the hell is Kevin Seltzer? being nice always pays you will never get in trouble being nice—{I am sorry I am so sorry but this is the way the management says we must push out into for a while “please be seated”} No. you cannot go wrong with a career at Grovel Conical the new procedure No—to be nice is always new procedure is to fine fallback when in doubt—being is {wrapped all in towels} to press one of the buttons nice, say fine Kevin Seltzer? Who the hell is Kevin Seltzer? parents the buttons after depositing the coin world-wide—being nice always pays the coin and then the wide double doors will swing open you will never get in trouble being nice—will swing open and you may enter being nice, say fine parents world-wide—being nice you may enter and be seated you cannot go wrong with a career at Grovel Conical always pays you may enter and be seated will never get in trouble being nice—{I am sorry I am so sorry but this is the way you may enter and be seated and the show will start the management says we must push Kevin Seltzer? Who the hell is Kevin Seltzer? out into for a while “please be seated”} on time because No. on time because it is No. mandated that the show should start on time and you cannot go wrong with a career at Grovel Conical therefore—please go in and “be seated” since the show will start on time because the show always has and always will start precisely on time.

Have a nice day.

Have a nice day.

Have a nice—day.

Uh!

Hoke!

Think fast; who’s the Pope?

The French Lesson

I first saw JM at a Caribbean Club Med.  He was French, in his late twenties; full-lipped, tan, and charming.  He was in charge of entertainment, on stage a lot, and I couldn’t take my eyes off him. 

I was there with my boyfriend. It was our last trip before I would fly to Paris for my final semester of college.  We had been together for almost five years and my father employed him in his store.  I wanted a break from him but wasn’t sure how to disentangle myself without hurting him.

Walking to our room one evening, I spotted JM slow-dancing with someone to a Peter Gabriel song. I tried not to stare; I thought: if only I could be her. 

During a meal one afternoon, JM came to our table to introduce himself.  He said hello and I became mute.  My kind boyfriend said that I was going to study in France: “She is leaving me next week.”  JM crouched down beside me.  Up close his eyes were the color of caramel.  “Do you speak French?” he asked.  I nodded.  He took a napkin from the table and wrote a phone number on it.  “In case you need anything.” It was the number of his family’s home in Bordeaux.  I slid the napkin onto my lap and put my hand on it protectively.

The day came to leave.  I cried when I said goodbye to my boyfriend.  But when I got on the plane, I was surprised at how relieved and unburdened I felt. 

My older brother, Dorian, joined me on my flight.  There was a German au pair he had gotten to know in New York, and he was hoping to meet up with her while in Europe with me. I was glad not to go alone.

A few days later, in Dorian’s hotel room, I unfurled the napkin like a precious parchment and called the number JM had given me.  The person who answered said JM was in Paris and gave me his direct number.  I reached him, and we made plans to meet the following night for dinner. When I hung up, I wanted to scream, but Dorian was a few feet away watching music videos on the tiny TV.

That night I wore heels. I didn’t usually wear heels, but I also didn’t usually go to dinner with sophisticated and glamorous Frenchmen. 

At the restaurant, JM kissed me on both cheeks.  Only when I opened the menu did I realize we were in a Lebanese restaurant. I ordered all my favorites, the foods my mom made at home: humus, lebne and pita, olives, kibbe, babaganoush, and taboule.  We spoke in a mixture of English and French.  The conversation flowed effortlessly.  He made me laugh and feel charming and irresistible.  His hair looked so soft. I shifted my seat closer.  He smelled good. 

JM asked if I was staying in a dorm.  I said that I was living with a family, the Benchetrits. He paused and said, as if to warn me, “You know, they are Jews.”

Everything slowed down. I didn’t know where to look. My throat suddenly felt like sandpaper. Before he could say anything else, I croaked out, “I am Jewish.”

Disappointment and hurt washed over me.  But I didn’t want to derail this evening, this evening that was going so incredibly well, possibly the most exciting night of my life.  Maybe I changed the subject, or maybe he did.  Despite his comment, I still wanted him, and instead of being angry, I felt ashamed. 

We walked to a taxi stand. There seemed to be no one else around; the clacking of my heels made the only sounds. The skin on my second-to-last toe was gone, the toe stuck to the inside of the shoe. We got into separate taxis.  In the semi-privacy of my cab, I took a deep breath and felt so many things, excitement and despair.  I thought that I might never see him again.  On an impulse, I twisted myself around to get one last look.  In that moment, he had done the same.  He was gazing out at me, and he waved.

For the next few days I thought of nothing but JM. Against my will, the comment he made about Jews would find its way in, insinuating itself. I felt like a boxer, ducking and rolling like Dorian had taught me, to avoid the punch.  I had to keep moving, shuffling my feet, bobbing and deflecting.

I loved Edith Wharton back then and declared her my favorite author.  Had I cringed when I read about Simon Rosedale, Lily Bart’s suitor, the pushy Jew who was sloppy and coarse?  Instead of slamming the book shut or throwing it out the window, I had kept reading.  Maybe I thought that it was antiquated, that these feelings about Jews were from another time, not now, in 1986. Maybe Edith was showing how awful everyone in society was, even the Jewish newcomers.  Maybe it wasn’t even her point of view. I’m not sure why I made excuses.  I must have reconciled that good literature trumped blatant antisemitism.  Maybe JM hadn’t meant what I thought. Maybe I’d read him wrong.

While pondering all of this, I went around Paris with Dorian, ate more crepes, and got ready for my classes at Dauphine.  I didn’t mention JM’s comment to Dorian.  We would have hashed it out for hours as we walked.  Maybe my attraction would have been over then and there. 

One day, about a week later, after Dorian had gone, I received a letter from JM.  I unfolded the thin blue stationery.  It was in French.  He said that he couldn’t stop thinking about me, that we had had such a connection, that he felt this could be something.

It wasn’t long before he came to see me, and we finally kissed. We strolled around the city holding hands. I got to touch his hair. He took pictures of me; we got lost; we walked into a movie theater and saw Legal Eagles or maybe Heartburn. And then he was gone again.

He wrote me letters from Tunisia ­– passionate, consuming letters that left me breathless.  As I walked to school and took the Metro, I whispered his words, words I hadn’t learned in school, saying them over and over until I could say them perfectly, like a French lesson.

After several impassioned phone calls imploring me to come visit him, I used my in-case-of-emergency credit card and bought a ticket to Tunisia.  It was a mistake.  I knew it the moment I arrived.  JM had sent an employee to receive me.  Frederic asked if I was “la copine de JM” and brought me to the resort. 

Meals were at communal tables.  I saved him a seat beside me.  I saw myself jumping up and telling people that this seat was taken, even as time passed and my meal was nearly finished.  He never showed.  I felt foolish and pathetic. 

Was I Simon Rosedale, unwanted and repulsive, pushing my way where I didn’t belong?  He finally joined me. He must have eaten elsewhere.  We went to his room.  On his bed was a movie magazine opened to a page with a photo of the beautiful Emmanuelle Beart, who starred in Jean de Florette.  I said casually that the starlet had been in my house.  “In Queens?” he asked.  I knew he didn’t believe me.  I wonder if he knew that this movie star had a Jewish father who had gone to school with my father in Beirut.  I wanted to go home, all the way home to New York.  The balance was off; I left feeling much more than he did.

Back in my rented room a few days later, I was convinced that I had contracted AIDS from him.  Le SIDA, as the French called it, was graffitied all over Paris, red spray paint on grey buildings, reminding me at every corner that I was in danger.  In a panic, I called my older sister, Debi, from a pay phone.  I told her everything, but I didn’t tell her about the comment.  She calmed me, and a layer of embarrassment formed over my shame. 

During my stay in Paris, I completed my classes and went to lots of movies.  I finally got to see Jean de Florette. The actress who had been in my living room in Queens was blond and perfect, not Jewish-seeming in the least. 

It was time to go home.  My suitcase open on my bed, Les Rita Mitsouko playing on my boombox radio, my eyes fell on the pile of letters on my desk.  I tied them together with string, the only evidence of this connection that had loomed so large, and put them in my suitcase.

After I returned to New York, I got a few more letters from JM, this time from Senegal, and then none. I was relieved.  The grip he had on me loosened and finally dissipated in the face of his five spiteful words and the shame I felt for still wanting him.

I told my boyfriend what happened.  I was sure that he would want nothing to do with me, but I was wrong.  Still, this time I was certain that I wanted us to break up.  I was sorry to hurt him.

A few months later, Dorian married the German au pair.

CHOISM

(Article with few examples)

By

Dr. Mantri Pragada Markandeyulu, Litt.D.,

(eMail: mrkndyl@gmail.com)

+91-9951038802

Hyderabad (Telangana state) India.

---

In future, more and more articles on choism could be separately, each item post, written and posted.  This choism article is only an article, to begin with, because people/readers should be able to understand what is what about choism.

Choism in other words, the following, I think could be appropriate.

C = Culture, Arts, Painting and Sculpture

H = Harmony, Hospitality, Hygienic and Hopefulness

O = Optimistic, Open Minded, Opportunity, and Obedience

I = Integrity, Inter-action, Influence and Informal

S = Synchronize, Sanctity, Supportive and Submissive

M = Management, Morality, Meaningful and Methodology

To start with a small note like an article, we can discuss, in a phased manner, all the things connected with choism i.e., of course a one’s choice of thinking, frame-of-mind and the mind wavelength as per the geographic and environmental living conditions pertaining to the respective country people, their culture, education, living conditions, economic condition, political environment, trade and business, agriculture, arts, science and technology, research and development, industry, entertainment, and more than all, constitutional frame-work and its updates from time to time in this 21^st Century. Of course, these could be discussed through an expression of an art or a tool or a symbol, through which one can express their opinion or can develop through various ideologies, one can opine. As everybody knew well, that the Artificial intelligence (AI) is take a good shape in this 21^st Century, as an advanced tool, where one can get much more content developed than a human-mind.  But, only human-mind can develop much more content through an image or art or a photo-like-drawing, in many fields and branches, as mentioned above.

This choism covers wide range of fields, to say, unending fields in this world countries, where one can express his mind thoughts clearly based on an art or a photo or a painting etc. 

Through choism, each and every person can get educated, understand, and know about various aspects of things going on in this world. To be precise, this is only the beginning of the choism. Many people in this world, are uneducated, unemployed, poor and have no shelter, food and cloths even. Below average poverty line-based countries are more. Many people reside in rural areas, Thanda’s and in remote forest areas, as many live in tribal areas. Most people in these backward areas does not know how to read, write.  The choism, if becomes known-well and popular as like Artificial Intelligence (AI, as every educator knew well, the choism in the visual form of art, painting or drawing or through an image could well be understood by a tribal or a person living in the remote and forest areas. To say for example, as an author, I will give an example, to make you more understand what the choism is.

If habituated to slavery, we forget our own strength.

Everybody is able to understand the content by seeing this photo. One should not forget our own strength. One should not feel degraded. One should be able to develop more content under this choism. Many articles could be generated, as per one’s own thoughts generated from the mind, from time to time. The mind thoughts generate each day new one as per the prevailing environmental situations.

Ideas depend upon the geographical conditions, living conditions, working conditions, etc.  Each individual could be able to generate good content and make good stories and make articles based on this photo choism.

Another example is here:

By seeing this photo, most people immediately get understand the situation. Poor people and unaffordable people suffer due to scarcity of water.  Whereas, the big people and influential people use the water lavishly and waste the water.  In this case, each government should have few good reforms regarding the utility of drinking water.  All the people in this globe should have water facility made available. This photo can make more people to write many articles, stories and get some constitutional reforms too amended from time to time. The choism could be expressed in this art form too.

Another example could make one understand what the choism means.

This choism photo everybody is able to identify, as animals.  People should be able to generate articles and stories based on these animal Photos. In a way photo contents make all people alert to create new stories. Even the Governments also should be able bring out many reforms in preserving the animal’s safety.

Another example here one can find:

I think, as an author, I need not explain details about this photo.  Readers of this article only will be able to identify what this photo stands for and meant for.  Even people will be able to generate articles, stories on this photo.  This is, in one-way choism photo.  This is not AI but choism.

Another small example is here:

People should be able to understand and know what this photo is for.  Various governments should be able to bring out good reforms to safeguard the birds and animals. Constitutional changes are to brought for preserving the soft animals, birds, and wild animals. Choism means, now, people and readers shall be in a position to understand and bring out various changes in the society to enable people to safeguard and preserve these birds and animals.

This is another example of old people.

By seeing this photo, the Government and the NGOs should come forward to change the reforms to support and help old age people.  To this many governments are needed to change the constitutional reforms to suit to the prevailing situations. This will make all unaffordable and aged people to live on this peacefully without any trouble and hindrance. Choism here works out through the photo art.

Do you know what this photo is reads for:

This photo of choism indicates what? I think, by this time people and readers would have understood.  This is” Cigarette Smoking is Injurious to Health”. There should be a change in the society and in the people. Even for this, all the Governments should make few Constitutional changes in the existing reforms, regarding publicity, advertisement etc. Even in movie theatres and TVs, government should be in a position to order for publicity releases of advertisements like this.  This is 21^st Century. If the things are not controlled, the future generations would suffer.

To suit to the needs of the various Government Departments in any government, Constitutional Reforms are to be changed or amended in this 21^st Century. Old framed Constitutional Reforms are to be updated, as the entire Science & Technology has vastly developed. This could be explained through the art of choism which is also good compared to AI. Because, the human beings’ brain will work buy seeing the photos. People by seeing few photos, paintings, culture, sculptures, can generate their new ideas instead of fully relying on Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Another important example.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR GOVERNANCE

VISION ON HIGHER EDUCATION 

Education System Needs Sophisticated Polishing and Professional Approach and Outlook

Engineering, Computer Sciences, Management, Bio-Medical, Bio-Technology, And Other AICTE Courses Including Various Diploma Courses Needs Professionalized Coaching with Facilities/Infrastructure and Expertise Faculty, Which Is at Present Just Average.

Now-a-days Education System needs to be revamped.  The Admission Process to various UG Technical and PG Technical courses, including Management and other professional courses of Council for Technical Education (CTE)

Engineering, Computer Sciences, Management, Bio-Medical, Bio-Technology, And Other AICTE Courses Including Various Diploma Courses Needs Professionalized Coaching with Facilities/Infrastructure and Expertise Faculty, Which Is at Present Just Average.

VISION ON HIGHER EDUCATION:

UNIVERSITY BRANCH AT DISTRICTS

As like Gram Secretariat set up in each District, why can’t all the Universities to have a Branch in each District of each State? This will increase literacy standards & establish good Governance and Administration.

All universities to have a Tie-up/MoU with global universities for facilitating students to go in for higher education, both regular and distance mode education. This is for those students who aspire and opt for such studies.

All the universities to have a Tie-up/MoU with various governments globally for job guaranteed arrangements with corporate institutions under need a special job visa program. This is for all the World Countries. 

All the Universities in India to enlist all the global corporates for job provision.

All the technical managements and other professional colleges affiliated to all the universities in India have to follow strict guidelines as stipulated by the concerned technical boards/medical council/pharmacy council/Management board etc.

To strengthen libraries and encourage use of digital resources.

To concentrate on health of the students by preparing ‘health profile’.

To develop a nutritional need of students in each State in coordination with Colleges/Universities. 

To include Yoga mat in the curriculum.

To encourage ‘Research & Development activities and prepare a “data bank” of research papers and activities being undertaken by each university in each State.

The need to develop non-existent courses.

To undertake improvements in making the teaching-learning process more interesting and stress-free for students.

To grow the role of technology and professional courses in all the Universities in the Country, including Deemed Universities, just be tapped to encourage more women to take up the course and also contribute to economic growth.

To explore and expedite the provision of study opportunities to NRIs, so as to tap the large revenue potential to meet growth plans.

To provide the concept of “Academic Social Responsibility” (ASR), so that the schemes of the Central and State Governments might be effectively implemented and monitored by educated people.

Universities/Colleges to encourage outstanding students in the real Research & Development activities, through submission of research papers for considering for special certificates as Motivation, which can make such students gain an edge over other students when competing for professional higher courses/job-oriented courses/jobs. 

Each University to have its branches established in each District to facilitate students to have regular touch with the university for their works.

As like Gram Secretariat is set up in each district, why can’t all the universities to have a branch in each district of each State, as this will facilitate students to have rapport with their respective University. Also, there will be good Governance and Administration from the Universities.

Placement Cells at all the Universities/Colleges to be made to work more effectively, as 90% of the students looks to be average happy. These Placement Cells to be inspected by concerned University nominated teams incessantly.

Commerce and Accounts students to be provided equal opportunity to have skill developments through practical training, as like MBA and Engineering students. 

Provision of Centre-State Funds support to employees’ higher job-related courses through employer with minimum norms.

To introduce E-commerce courses in all the Universities as a regular academic curriculum.

Obsolete and out-dated Courses which are of no use to students are to be discarded forthwith. 

Professional courses to have uniform academic curriculum all over the Country. 

Each District to have Centre-State sponsored professional job-oriented training institutions run by the government, if need arise. Private Coaching Centre Managements to be sub-contracted for this purpose.

These are only a few examples of choism. People to know what is what. People all over the world should be able to know about the choism, i.e., art, culture, photo, paintings, sculpture, music and dance, education, economics, agriculture, science and technology, trade and business, information technology, software industry and Public and Private Sector Industries.

Most people should be able to generate content based on these, to some extent, at least children and youth should be able to understand the choism.

CONFLICT WORLD

What I Thought, This World Today

Is Not That World, I Expected?

Reigns of Rulers, Years Rolled

Rules Gone, Dictators Era ǁ

Combats Still in Vogue

No Day without a Conflict

Wars Became Order of The Day

Inter-Country Combats seen often ǁ

No Day Left for Intra-Party Conflicts

World Watches Ongoing Combats

Who Support Whom for Sanctions?

World War, A Day Is Not Far ǁ

War Like Conflicts seen often

People die for Power Rule

Value to Life, No Country Gives

War Can Lead to Casualties ǁ

People Gave Power, Rulers to Rule

People expected Peaceful Environment

People’s Ambition, Enact the Rule

Peoples Aspirations, Hope to Be Good ǁ

Misunderstandings are often seen

Who is not great, it’s everybody great?

All countries are great, countrymen feel so

Dangers seen with terrorism strikes ǁ

People killed through wars of terrorism

Countless casualties in war zones

Epidemics spread as people suffer

Countless loss to Lives and Properties ǁ

Lives hit through chemical bombings

Normal life dislocated throughout the world

Lost economy never regains for decades

Hopeless conditions people to confront ǁ

Government’s collapse over the years

People suffer with epidemic diseases

Wisemen decisions avoids conflicts

Ceasefire agreements stop combats for a breath ǁ

Judgments are good for peace

Who blames who, is the point of thought?

Policies are the duty of government

Efficiency of Rulers prove handling situation ǁ

======

In future, more and more articles on choism could be separately, each item post, written and posted.  This choism article is only an article, to begin with, because people/readers should be able to understand what is what about choism.

MANTRI PRAGADA MARKANDEYULU, Litt.D.,

Poet, Novelist, Song and Story Writer (The Scholar)

B. Com, DBM, PGDCA, DCP,

(Visited Nairobi-Kenya, East Africa)

            (Government of Seychelles, Motivational Strips and SIPAY Journal)

• WORLD WRITERS’ UNION Peru

• Peru.

Address: Plot No. 37, Anupuram, ECIL Post, Hyderabad-500062 Telangana State – India

+91-9951038802, +91-8186945103, Email: mrkndyl@gmail.com, Twitter: @mrkndyl68

PROSPECTS OF APPLYING MARKETING STRATEGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S TOURISM MARKET
(in the case of the tourism market of Uzbekistan)

Erkinova Nilufar 
Student of Tashkent State University of Economics
lilyliterary75@gmail.com 
Tashkent, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT: This article describes ways to increase the role of tourism in the country’s economy and its share in its development, and at the same time implement strategic measures in the field of tourism marketing in order to ensure sustainable development in the country’s tourism market. Also, the analysis of the imbalances that have occurred in certain sectors of the tourism market of Uzbekistan is considered and their elimination, as well as finding and expanding the target audience, as well as attracting consumers in the tourism industry and meeting their needs at the level of demand, are targeted marketing strategies for the effect of use is revealed.

KEY WORDS:  marketing strategies, tourism marketing, market of tourism, goals of visits, tourists, tourism services, target audience.

INTRODUCTION. 

Nowadays, in the socio-economic reforms implemented in our country, special attention is paid to the issues of turning tourism into a strategic branch of the economy, expanding the activities of the tourism services market, and developing regional tourism systems. In the new development strategy of Uzbekistan for  2022-2026, the goal of increasing the number of domestic tourists from 12 million and the number of foreign tourists visiting the republic to 9 million within the framework of the “Travel around Uzbekistan” program has been set. in which the export of tourism, transport, information and communication, including software and other services will increase by 1,7 times or reach 4,3 billion US dollars, selected regions based on the defined target plans, including Samarkand, Khorezm, Bukhara, Navoi, Tashkent region and the city of Tashkent, the Republic of Karakalpakstan, to rapidly develop the tourism industry in the region of the island, to increase its role and share in the economy, to diversify and improve the quality of tourist services, to expand the tourism infrastructure, to widely introduce barrier-free tourism infrastructure in the main tourist cities of the country, the tourism sector until 2026 tasks such as doubling the number of employed people to 520,000. To achieve these goals, it is important to use marketing services strategy based on the market economy. 

METHODS.

The theoretical and practical aspects of the expansion of the tourism services market, as well as the establishment and development of regional tourism systems, are reflected in the scientific works of many foreign economists.

In particular, it is covered in the scientific works of T.L.Shilchenko, V. Kvartalnov, A.D. Chudnovsky, A.P. Durovich, and others.
Theoretical aspects of expanding the activity of the tourism services market in our country, specific features of the formation of regional tourism systems, issues of development of tourism clusters and free tourist areas M. Amonboyev, N. Jorayeva, Fayzieva Sh.R, Norchayev A., Alieva M. and researched in the scientific works of other scientists.

To increase the number of local tourists from 12 million and the number of foreign tourists visiting the republic within the framework of the “Travel Uzbekistan” program, which was selected to achieve balance in the tourism market.
The possibility of achieving the intended goal will increase based on the determination of measures to reach 9 million people. In particular, the importance of defining a marketing strategy can be seen in the following:

• Promotion of the country’s tourism potential in foreign tourism markets,
• Presentation of new tourism destinations and products,
• Preparing promotional materials on the tourism potential of the regions, covering in the mass media and organizing information tours,
• Organization of “Domestic Tourism Month” with discounts in off-season months, and “Domestic Tourism Week”, “Domestic Tourism Days” programs within the framework of cultural, entertainment, national and religious holidays, big sports events.

• Approval of the main forecast indicators for the organization of domestic tourism flow in the cross-section of regions.
• Provision of tourism services that encourage travel across the country among working groups.
• Voluntary discounts in hotels, catering establishments, cultural and entertainment facilities, the Ministry of Tourism and Sports, JSC “Uzbekistan Airways” and JSC “Uzbekistan Railways”

• It is possible to know how important the marketing strategy is in the tourism market, which plays an important role in the country’s economy, by clearly defining the measures, such as the organization of explanatory work on barrier-free tourism and its advantages among business entities in cooperation with the UNWTO.
In today’s modern conditions, expanding the activity of the tourism services market, establishing and developing the activities of regional tourism systems, including tourist clusters, free zones specialized in tourism, are among the issues of objective importance. After all, as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan 
Sh. Mirziyoyev stated: “Turning tourism into a strategic branch of the economy remains a priority for us”  In order to effectively organize the activities of regional tourism systems, including tourist clusters and free tourist areas, in order to expand the activities of the tourism services market, it is necessary to study and thoroughly analyze the experience of foreign countries.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

As a result of the analysis of various negative economic changes taking place in the world in the conditions of the formation of the innovative economy, the main principles and factors of the comprehensive development of the tourism sector, increasing the economic efficiency of the development of regional tourism, and the development of tourism services were studied. and based on the opinions of experts, it is proposed to determine the priority directions of the development of the tourism sector through methods such as analysis and synthesis, observation, grouping, comparative analysis, systematic approach, statistics and economic analysis. Also, concrete recommendations were developed regarding the factors related to the effective organization of the activities of tourist facilities in the regions, the rational use of marketing in tourist infrastructures and the offer of quality services, as well as the levels of support for the development of the tourism industry.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS.

The tourism market is a socio-economic phenomenon that unites demand and supply to ensure the process of buying and selling tourist products at the specified time and place, and services are the main subject of trade. Marketing principles are also widely used in the tourism market. On the basis of tourist marketing, it is possible to create competition not only at the state level, but also at large companies and organizations. They use tourism marketing to build a country brand. Of course, this leads to more tourists choosing one country over another.  
 


Figure 1. The main factors affecting the development of the tourism market 	
 
Creating a brand for an entire country is definitely a mission that requires the cooperation of several institutions and the budget allocated by governments.
This starts with the media that creates a country's brand image for potential visitors, a tool that illuminates the smallest details that tourists will experience during their visit to the country.
Motivating and limiting factors affecting the development of the tourism services market are presented in Figure 1. The motivating factors include demo-graphic, economic and social factors.

Factors affecting the development of the demographic regional tourism services market include the growth of the world population, urbanization, the increase in the population’s demand for quality services, and the increase in the level of knowledge of foreign languages.

In the development of the tourism market, international economic factors are also of great importance, which is reflected as a result of the development of the world economy, the acceleration of scientific and technical progress, the growth of the population’s income, and the development of the material and technical base of tourism.
At the same time, it is appropriate to use remarketing methods in case the decrease in demand leads to imbalance as a result of the limiting factors that can affect the growth of the tourism market shown in the above diagram. The purpose of this type of marketing is to adapt the demand to the conditions of various seasonal changes, to take into account the elasticity of demand and supply, and to reduce the impact of natural factors and environmental conditions through tactical planning in advance.

In order to have a target audience, it is intended to focus on the following aspects:
• Thorough study of customer needs through research and maximum organization of services accordingly;
• Improving online service by creating websites or working on existing networks. Paying special attention to mobile, as many customers make reservations or purchase services through their mobile devices.
• Increasing brand awareness through constant activity in social networks and the use of video marketing methods;
• Effective use of the email marketing system and attracting potential customers through it;
• Work on advertising at a professional level to increase the effectiveness of the campaign. Make sure that the ad text and headline are attention-grabbing and creative.

Tourism marketing is a constant study of how well the enterprise meets the requirements of the market in which it operates. However, it is necessary to take into account the differences in the marketing goals of the more than 56 types of industries operating in the tourism sector (restaurants, hotel chains, travel markets, transport organizations, etc.). Knowing the different types of tourism now helps to build a business with target travelers in mind. This is the driving force behind tailoring the experience for each traveler. As the most common branches of the tourism industry:

•	Recreational tourism: food, beach tourism;
•	Cultural tourism: ecological, rural, religious, war, sports, open nature, pilgrimage tourism.
•	Medical and business tourism.

Tourism is a fast-growing industry compared to other industries, because it is an industry that can be developed without requiring large investments for our country. If other sectors, including air, railways, automobiles, food and shopping centers, hotels develop, tourism can develop easily if there are tourist facilities in that place.
According to experts in the field of tourism, it will become the most important profitable industry in the world in the 21st century. Now it ranks third in the world after the automotive industry and oil refining. 
The marketing concept that emerged in the USA at the end of the 19th century began to be used by professionals in the field of tourism in Europe by the 50th years of the last century. This movement began in the history of independent Uzbekistan with the establishment of the national company “Uzbekturizm” on 
July 27, 1992 by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main task of the company was to implement state policy in the field of tourism and create a national model of tourism development. 

The fact is that from the point of view of marketing, each market consists of consumers who differ from each other in their tastes, desires, and needs, and who buy tourist services based on different motives. Therefore, the implementation of successful marketing activities involves taking into account the specific preferences of different groups of consumers. This is the basis of market segmentation. The most widespread in the tourism industry of Uzbekistan is the market of cultural tourism. Segmentation of the tourist market is defined as a classification according to the qualitative and quantitative features of the requirements of potential customers. The main purpose of segmentation is to direct the tourist product, which cannot meet the requirements of all consumers. By means of it, the main principle of marketing is implemented - targeting the consumer. In this case, the tourist enterprise does not distribute its efforts to the four sides, but focuses on the “main impact direction” (on the market segments that are most promising for it). 

Therefore, sales, advertising, other forms and methods of sales promotion lead to an increase in the efficiency of use.
The most common customer motivations in the tourism market include segmentation by travel product and description. Types of tourism are also characterized by travel products. 

Taking this aspect into account, we can determine the following main goals of trips (Fig. 2).
 
Figure 2. Destination types of visiting tourists 
If we analyze the main indicators in the field of tourism in 2021, we can observe that a total of 1881,3 thousand foreign tourists visited the country, which is 181,3 thousand (10,7%) more than the plan (table 1).


From the data of the table, it is understood that we can see the largest part of the flow of tourists for the purpose of eliminating relatives, and the main reason for this is that our country is multinational, and the flow of tourists from sister countries, including neighboring countries, is high. We can see that it is in the second place in the number of tourists coming to the country for the purpose of recreation, and it can be understood that the other tourism goals have a significant impact on the country’s tourism.

It follows from the analysis that in order to further improve the flow of foreign tourists to the country, it is important and more effective to focus on the leisure and pilgrimage tourism part of the tourism market when choosing a marketing strategy. But in order to maintain market balance, it is appropriate to choose a separate long-term target strategy to increase the flow of tourists visiting for service, medical, and commercial purposes.

Tourism has a clear seasonality. It involves the analysis of tourist flows by main season, between seasons, months and seasons. According to the reports of the Ministry of Tourism and Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the semi-annual indicators of the current year 2022 show that 1,876,232 foreign tourists visited.

Figure 3. Comparative ratio of tourists arriving in the country in the first half of 2022. 

It can be seen that 84% of tourists are residents of neighboring countries. Foreign tourists make up 5%. These data show that it is desirable to ensure that the level of interest of foreign visitors in the field of tourism reaches long distances. In this case, it is possible to correctly and effectively use strategic marketing methods in the application of measures and thereby attract potential and target customers.

DISCUSSION

The results of the research show that the tourism sector is a complex system with a multifaceted functional structure aimed at meeting the needs of tourists, and also includes specific forms and methods used in providing services;

- The tourism market offers unique tourist products for tourists. The tourist product has a complex description and appears in the form of a “package of necessary services” to satisfy the demand that arises during the trip;
- The main difference of the tourism industry from material production is that the final results of the provision of tourist services occur with the direct participation of the consumer and the consumption process is carried out directly in the place where tourist resources are available;

- The fact that the demand for tourist services has a high sensitivity to changes in the socio-economic environment in relation to the market situation. In this case, the security of the services provided in the field of tourism will be of special importance.
- At the current stage of the development of the tourism market in Uzbekistan, the main task of state organizations is to direct local tourists to the domestic market along with foreign tourists, which is an objective necessity of increasing economic efficiency.

Legislation and normative legal framework in the field of tourism activities aimed at creating favorable conditions for the activities of tourism industry entities are being formed. Elimination of all obstacles and pitfalls in the development of tourism, simplification of visa and registration procedures, passport and customs control, state management of the tourism sector and market-specific regulation mechanism are being optimized, and healthy tourism market protecting the competition.

In today’s modern conditions, expanding the activity of the tourism services market, establishing and developing the activities of regional tourism systems, including tourist clusters, free zones specialized in tourism, are among the issues of objective importance. In order to promote the country's tourism potential in foreign tourism markets, it is necessary to determine some basic measures, and these can be expressed as follows:
- Declaring the country as a safe country for travel;

- Conducting marketing research in target markets and developing a tourism marketing strategy across countries after the pandemic;
- Participation with a national stand in international tourism exhibitions and fairs in foreign countries;

- Regular organization of “Days of Uzbekistan” promotional campaign worldwide with the support of the country’s diplomatic missions and compatriots;
- Organization of information tours across the country for popular bloggers, vloggers and influencers with a wide audience;
- Creation of thematic tourist zones and clusters in the regions of the country;

- Presentation of new tourism destinations and products.
- Organizing information tours and coverage in the mass media, preparing promotional materials related to the tourism potential of the regions.
- Development of incentive measures and mechanisms for organizing the travel of foreign and local tourists in this direction by tourist organizations.

Sustainable development of tourism in the country will help to strengthen the national economy, create modern directions of tourism, strengthen the management of state influence on tourism infrastructure, increase the standard of living and well-being of the population, ensure environmental safety, preserve historical and cultural monuments, increase the level of nature protection activities, serves to increase the moral potential of society.

References:

1.	O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2022-yil 28-yanvardagi 
“2022—2026-Yillarga mo‘ljallangan yangi O‘zbekistonning taraqqiyot strategiyasi to‘g‘risida”gi PF-60-son farmoni. https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-5841063  

2.	From Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s lecture “Meeting on issues of tourism development, physical education and popularization of sports”. January 28, 2020. https://uzreport.news/politics/shavkat-mirziyoyev-turizmni-rivojlantirish-jismoniy-tarbiya-va-sportni-yanada-ommalashtiri . 
3.	Amonboyev M., Abidova D.I., Jurayeva N.A. Turizm iqtisodiyoti va menejmenti. O‘quv qo‘llanma. – T.: “IQTISODIYOT”, 2019. - 226 bet.
4.	Ergashxodjayeva Sh. D., Samadov A. N., Sharipov I. B. Marketing. Darslik. -Toshkent-Iqtisodiyot, 2013.-346 b.
5.	Ergashxodjayeva Sh. D., Qosimova M. S., Yusupov M. A.  Marketing.  Darslik.- Toshkent-Iqtisodiyot  2018-314 b.

6.	Mirzayev M. A., Aliyeva M. T. Turizm asoslari. O’quv qo‘llanma.-T.: O‘zbekiston faylasuflar jamiyati, 2011.
7.	Dustmurodov O. Hududiy turizm xizmatlarini rivojlantirishning iqtisodiy samaradorligini oshirishning asosiy tamoyillari va omillari. -Buxoro “Iqtisodiyot va turizm” elektron jurnali. 2022.
8.	Statistical bulletin of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan “Main statistical indicators of the Republic of Uzbekistan”, according to the results of January-March 2022. Page 420.

9.	Tourism marketing: 12 strategies for success with examples. ProfileTree.com.
10.	 www.uzbektourism.uz - The official website of the Ministry of Tourism and Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Uzbekistan.