THE PROBLEM OF PLASTIC POLLUTION AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ITS RESOLUTION

1. Introduction

Nowadays, one of the most serious global ecological problems is the sharp increase in plastic waste and its negative impact on the environment. The persistence of plastic products in nature for hundreds of years without degradation poses a serious threat to soil, water bodies, and living organisms. Therefore, managing plastic waste, recycling it efficiently, and creating environmentally friendly (biodegradable) alternative materials are among the most pressing tasks of modern science and technology. The purpose of this article is to comparatively analyze modern technologies for plastic recycling and eco-friendly alternatives to them, as well as to study their advantages and disadvantages.

2. Modern Methods of Plastic Recycling

To reduce plastic waste and protect nature, mainly two primary methods of recycling are used:

Mechanical recycling: This is the most common method, where plastic containers and packages are collected, washed, shredded into small pieces (turned into granules), and melted down again to manufacture new items. However, the disadvantage of this method is that plastic loses its quality every time it is recycled and cannot be used an infinite number of times.

Chemical recycling: This is a more modern method that breaks down plastic into its most basic components (chemical substances) using special chemical processes. As a result, plastic is restored to a condition just like new without losing its quality. This method helps recycle even contaminated or mixed plastics.

3. Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Plastic (Biodegradable Materials) Instead of merely recycling plastic waste, utilizing other eco-friendly materials that can replace them is also considered an important solution:

Bioplastics: These are materials derived not from ordinary petroleum products, but from plants (such as corn starch or sugarcane). Their biggest advantage is that when discarded into nature, they do not lie around for hundreds of years like ordinary plastic, but rather degrade on their own within a short period and blend into the soil.

Natural packaging materials: Using paper, wood fibers, or natural tools that decompose quickly in nature instead of single-use plastics in daily life also greatly helps preserve the environment.

4. Conclusion

In conclusion, to solve the problem of plastic waste, a single method alone is not sufficient. For this, on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the recycling of existing plastics through mechanical and chemical methods, while on the other hand, transitioning to eco-friendly alternatives such as bioplastics in production is of vital importance. These measures will serve to keep nature clean and maintain ecological balance in the future

BALANCING STUDY AND WORK: PERSPECTIVES AND IMPACTS

While some young people prefer to combine studying with work, others choose to focus primarily on acquiring knowledge during their education. It is no secret to any of us that in today’s rapidly developing era, various discussions arise among the population regarding education. In this regard, while a part of the youth
studying emphasizes that combining education with labor activity is useful, another group of individuals concludes that the main focus during the educational period should be solely on acquiring knowledge. In reality, to what extent is it effective to combine knowledge acquisition with gaining experience?

Indeed, in our social society, individuals aiming to emphasize their careers point out several advantages of working while studying. First, a student or pupil gains the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge in practice through working. Specifically, a student studying in the field of economics who works in a bank or small business tests the concepts learned in classes in real life. This further strengthens knowledge and helps perceive it not merely as bookish, but as life experience.

Second, working provides students with financial independence. Some students are limited to scholarships or funds coming from parents, and a job serves as an additional source of income, helping them meet their needs independently. As a result, they also learn economic responsibility. According to data from The College Board (USA), nearly 43 percent of American students choose to work during their studies because sole reliance on scholarships or family support is insufficient to cover all their expenses.

If we turn our attention to the other side of the coin, those who argue that there will be sufficient time to thoroughly master knowledge and further develop one’s future also have grounded arguments: first, working can hinder preparation for classes and negatively impact a student’s grades. Furthermore, in fields requiring extensive
time such as medicine or engineering, working has a high probability of leading to a decline in the quality of knowledge. If knowledge is not sufficiently solid, future opportunities may also be limited.

Likewise, harmonizing studying with work requires a great deal of effort and time, resulting in students facing fatigue and stress.
According to data from the American College Health Association, among students working alongside their studies, 61% complained of high levels of stress, and 45% of chronic fatigue.

Although both sides are argued based on strong facts, in my opinion, engaging in labor activity during the educational process can demonstrate its positive aspects. The reason is that skills such as time management, teamwork, communicating with clients, and a sense of responsibility are formed during the working process.

Instead of restricting work during the study period, I think it would be appropriate to place more emphasis on increasing experience in schools and colleges provided it does not interfere with classes.
As the saying goes, “The essence of a speech is the shortest path,” I believe that one should work outside of classes for the purpose of gaining experience, because during the working process, they meet future colleagues, mentors, or specialists and establish professional connections. After all, as the famous German businessman Ian
Johnson said: “Experience is the teacher of all things.

THE TRANSITION OF PUBLIC SERVICES TO DIGITAL FORMAT
In our country, which is taking steps towards national development, digital technologies, in particular the e-government system, are developing rapidly. It is no secret that public services are gradually shifting to a digital format. However, not everyone has the same attitude toward this system. While some public activists consider
such a system to be a matter of convenience and transparency, another group of people views it as a threat to personal privacy. In fact, which of these two views is more beneficial for our society?

Indeed, the digital government system is an innovative approach that meets the demands of modern times and provides broad opportunities for citizens. Its supporters emphasize several important advantages of this system.

First, public services are provided in a prompt and simplified manner. Processes such as applying, formalizing documents, or making various payments are now carried out online, without queues, and in a convenient format. Second, the digital system is becoming an effective tool in reducing corruption and ensuring transparency.
Because all data is recorded digitally, the ability to control increases. This reduces the human factor and prevents illegal situations. Furthermore, equal service access is created for all regions. Now, citizens living in remote areas can use the same services through the internet as city residents, which serves to strengthen social equality.

According to the latest data from the State Statistics Committee, the level of use of e-government services among the population in Uzbekistan in 2024 was 67 percent. The fact that 72 percent of them expressed satisfaction with the services and confirmed the efficiency of the system is proof of our point.

As the saying goes, “Every nation has its customs, everyone has their opinion,” those who view this system with caution are also putting forward their objections. On the one hand, the collection and storage of citizens’ personal data raise concerns. If information is not sufficiently protected, it can fall into the hands of malicious individuals. On the other hand, there is a risk of cyberattacks and technical failures. It shows that many digital systems around the world have been subjected to cyberattacks, and millions of people’s data have leaked onto the internet.

Along with this, citizens’ trust in their own data is low. Due to an insufficient level of digital literacy, people do not fully understand this system and use it with anxiety. A clear proof of this can be found in a study conducted in 2023, which showed that the share of the population aged 16–74 in European Union countries possessing at least basic digital skills was 54%.

In my opinion, although the digital government system has many positive aspects, it is also necessary to take into account concerns regarding security and privacy. In this regard, attention should be paid to further improving the system, protecting data, and increasing citizens’ trust. Thus, managing the e-government properly and securely can be the most optimal path for the future.

In conclusion, I am a supporter of the e-government system because it speeds up public services, increases transparency, and creates convenience for citizens. Of course, security issues are also important, but the positive aspects far outweigh them. As the famous scholar Alvin Toffler said: “The future begins today.”

We Ourselves Are to Blame

INTRODUCTION

I would like to start my speech with a question. Why are there more poor people than rich people? Why are there more unsuccessful people than successful ones? Why are there more unhappy people than happy ones? Have you ever thought about it? Why do children who struggle immensely and go hungry for days often become the
most generous and crisis-resistant rich people in the future, while the children of wealthy parents who have every condition and every wish granted either fail to become rich, or if they do, become miserly, greedy, and see their wealth go bankrupt in a very short time?

MAIN BODY
Imagine a newborn baby; the heart and mind of a newborn baby are like a blank sheet of paper. How to decorate it depends on the baby’s parents. There is at least one small child in each of your homes. Have you ever watched them? Even if there is a big problem or many shortcomings at home, that little child continues to play happily. They are only interested in being happy, playing, and laughing, right? But we adults, whenever we have a problem, we keep brooding over it, yet we never think about why that problem was given to us or what good things lie behind it. Let’s greet those problems with a smile, just like children do.

Have you ever tested what children do when their toys get lost? Why am I saying this? Toys are a part of children’s lives, just like the problems that trouble us. But when their toy is lost, they search for it, cry, and if they still cannot find it, they move on and make themselves happy by playing with other things. We adults cannot do that.

Actually, the fault does not lie with us, but with our parents who taught us to live this way—though I do not mean to blame them with this. As I said at the beginning of my speech, I mean that we should not teach such a lifestyle to newborns. When a problem comes to our children, we must teach them to face it with a smile, and when defeat comes, to view it not as a defeat, but as a tool that makes us even stronger.

Instead of whispering “you cannot do it” into their minds, we should actually instill the words “you are capable of anything.” We must not kill the innocence of their childhood, but let them grow and thrive. When problems arise, we must teach them not to feel distressed, but how to emerge stronger from that problem. The appearance of
a problem in your life does not mean plunging into sorrow and grief.

We must teach them to accept it as meaning “you are strong, do not stop striving.” It is not all about the problem itself, but how we accept it and how we act. I read in a book recently about its main character, an elderly person who taught at a large university. He contracted an illness that made it difficult for him to walk, causing him to fall down while walking. Yet, even if it meant relying on a cane, he would go for walks, and on his way out, he attended swimming every day. Even when the illness worsened to the point where he could no longer take off his clothes and needed a servant to help, he would still go swimming, and alongside these hardships, he never stopped teaching at the university. Perhaps you think he was forced to do so—no, he was not forced, but he did it because he refused to stay inactive in one place and live in sorrow, feeling depressed just because he was sick.

CONCLUSION
The main purpose and core message of my words is that our unending problems, our inability to become rich despite trying, our illnesses—in short, all kinds of problems—are perceived as if they will never pass or go away.

How our lives turn out depends on ourselves and how we accept our lives. In reality, we ourselves are to blame for all our problems

The European Renaissance and Science: From Dark Ages to Brilliant Peaks

(Student of Bukhara International University)

There are moments in life that do not just remain in memory; they transform into turning points that radically change a person’s way of thinking, worldview, and future goals. When we turn the pages
of human history, we clearly see these great turning points that changed the fate of an entire civilization. The European Renaissance, spanning the 14th to the 17th centuries, is one of those
unforgettable and eternal eras.

After the rigid dogmas and stagnation of the Middle Ages, European culture and science took a new breath, as if awakening from a deep sleep. This period did not only restore ancient heritage to humanity; it also opened entirely new horizons in science and art. Every step taken from the shadow of the dark ages toward freedom ensured the victory of humanism—the ideals of love for humanity and human-centered thinking—in society.

At the foundation of this great rise lies the painstaking work of true geniuses who explored the limitless possibilities of their era. Every major discovery sets new standards in society and increases
a person’s belief in themselves.

Key Figures of the Renaissance:
Leonardo da Vinci: Universal genius and thinker—His works “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper” became the pinnacle of harmony between human psychology and anatomy. The artist, who brought
depictions to life with the sfumato technique, also drew the first prototypes of modern technologies on the path of science.

Michelangelo Buonarroti: The master who gave life to stone—His marble sculpture “David” became the eternal symbol of human physical beauty and spiritual strength. The massive frescoes
he painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican are unique masterpieces of world descriptive art.

Galileo Galilei: The astronomer who fought for the truth—By revealing the secrets of the universe with the help of a telescope and proving Copernicus’s views, Galileo defended scientific truth
despite the pressure of the church. His courage showed that science always requires sacrifice and determination.

Such recognition and achievements were not just temporary awards, but a great responsibility placed on shoulders for the future. Representatives of the Renaissance period left a great spiritual
legacy for generations after them, proving that one must never stop on the path of science. True success is never accidental; it is the fruit of continuous searching, discipline, and ceaseless work.

Opportunities often knock on the door at unexpected moments, but preparation for them must be continuous and solid. The life and scientific legacy of Renaissance geniuses still serve as a source
of inspiration for the young generation today and allow every individual to fully realize their potential.

IF I COULD RETURN

Everyone finally returns 

Goes where they belongs 

Maybe they want to go

Maybe they don’t want to go

But

Finally

People returns

To where they belong

Their becomes request to return 

Perhaps unintentionally 

Reluctantly 

But l 

I would want to return 

If l could return 

Where l belong 

Quietly

Because I saw a rose 

Never seen before 

In the feelings garden.

Türkan Ergör, Sociologist, Philosopher, Writer, Poet, Art Photography Model. Türkan Ergör was born 19 March 1975 in the city of Çanakkale, Türkiye. She was selected International “Best Poet 2020”. She was selected International “Best Poet, Author/Writer 2021”. She was selected International “Best Poet, Writer/Author 2022”. She was awarded the FIRST PRIZE FOR THE OUTSTANDING AUTHOR IN 2022. She was awarded the 2023 “Zheng Nian Cup” “National Literary First Prize” by Beijing Awareness Literature Museum. She was awarded the “Certificate of Honor and Appreciation” and “Crimean Badge” by İSMAİL GASPRİNSKİY SCIENCE AND ART ACADEMY. She was awarded the “14k Gold Pen Award” by ESCRITORES SIN FRONTERAS ORGANIZACIÓN INTERNACIONAL.

Doctor of Sciences in Philology of ANAS, Professor Ramazan Gafarli

Lady of ladies, Burla Khatun of our poetry, long live.

Pride

What a beautiful name Burla Khatun is,

A symbol of courage, zeal, and chastity.

To keep this image alive,

To promote our country,

She never rests, she always writes,

She watches over it, makes it prosperous,

The cover of my pen.

I will separate the strands from my hair,

I will put a new string on the saz,

If the mizrab is a silk string,

The sound will spread naturally,

I will play the shur in the war,

I will go out in front of the army,

I will look straight into the enemy’s eyes.

I am a Turkish girl, my forehead is open,

I have a history, a nation, a great woman,

On earth, faithful to the covenant,

The voice of truth belongs to me,

Remember, O Muslim,

The book “Quran”, the anthem “Azan”,

I will spread freedom.

Elmaya Jabbarova was born in Azerbaijan. She is poet, writer, translator. Her poems from 2019 to date were published in the regional and foreign newspapers, magazines, books, Web pages, and anthologies. She has been awarded many certificates diplomas, medals. She is Department manager of Hekari newspaper of Azerbaijan. She is a honorary member of the Writers of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. World Association of People’s Creators, Honorary member of the International Academy of Literature, Art, Culture and Social Sciences of Uzbekistan. She is an Academic. Appointed Coordinator, Secretary General of Azerbaijan, Argentina. She is presented in the book Famous Personalities MultiArt – 5, Argentina. She was a member World Poetic Fraternity. She was awarded the title of Global Poet of 2023; 2024. She was awarded the title of World Poet Laureate from Azerbaijan as one of 55 poets selected by Pentasi B Friendship Poetry for 2025.