My heart is fragile and an abyss of memories lies beneath My feet…
The pillar of your absence on the line of the sky
Tenacious connection of your memory, is the hateful Certainty of the final.
The fact that you only remain in my memory
Sometimes, it’s hard for me to breathe, I feel the weight of loneliness,
That floods my soul
Everything about you is an oratory, taking you to heaven You are here, in my dreams.
If a part of me didn’t hide like a wounded beast
If a part of me didn’t deny the lease of my soul and your absence If a prescribed part of me didn’t include the pauses and the silences. Then, my dear husband, I could smile without missing you so much…
December 6, 2025 Buenos Aires
GRACIELA NOEMI VILLAVERDE is a writer and poet from Concepción del Uruguay (Entre Rios) Argentina, based in Buenos Aires She graduated in letters and is the author of seven books of poetry, awarded several times worldwide. She works as the World Manager of Educational and Social Projects of the Hispanic World Union of Writers and is the UHE World Honorary President of the same institution Activa de la Sade, Argentine Society of Writers. She is the Commissioner of Honor in the executive cabinet IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, of the UNACCC SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA CHAPTER.
I always remember your eyes Green with hope That hope that slipped through your fingers That hope that in your youth swept you away…
Those eyes that life dragged away with the current of despair trying to extinguish them…
Your eyes that light up at the simplest things and fight to keep the light of life alive…
That life that wasn’t easy that was an eruption of incomprehensible situations…
Your eyes still hold the flame Of hope That hope that so often was lost along life’s path.
Mirta Ramírez- Chaco- Argentina
Mirta Liliana Ramírez has been a poet and writer since she was 12 years old. She has been a Cultural Manager for more than 35 years. Creator and Director of the Groups of Writers and Artists: Together for the Letters, Artescritores, MultiArt, JPL world youth, Together for the letters Uzbekistan 1 and 2. She firmly defends that culture is the key to unite all the countries of the world. She works only with his own, free and integrating projects at a world cultural level. She has created the Cultural Movement with Rastrillaje Cultural and Forming the New Cultural Belts at the local level and also from Argentina to the world.
That day evening fell in the midst of the forest Like a bird, I too spread my dreamy wings near distance in the gentle breeze That winding high and low path That shadows of the trees, playing blind-man’s- buff Painted secret kisses in the eyes of the darkness The lorn fascinating oyster separated from water was in the grip of my hand. The unique pearl called Luv Shaped with layers of pain–an expression of pure, sincere love A mind yearning for union wants to be an oyster, sometimes a pearl.
Sejuty Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics in Soronjay Degree College, Tanore, Rajshahi. She writes poems and short stories. She has published three books of poems in Bangla. At present she is living at Rajshahi town, Bangladesh.
Shibganj is an upazila in the westernmost district, Chapainawabganj of Bangladesh which is bordered by India. This upazila is surrounded by the banks of the Padma and Pagla river. Dadonchak is a village in that upazila. My childhood and adolescence were spent in the campus of Adina Fazlul Haque Government College located in this village.
When I am going to sit for writing about something the memory of my high school life the situation over all the country does not go well. Political turmoil and chaotic condition grasp all around. Sonar Bangla, our country Bangladesh is covered with golden sight of the ripe paddy fields. Again we find peace and tranquility sitting under a large banyan, neem or mango tree to the vast green fields that looks like the green carpet covered on all over there. Once we called ours a riverine country but now most of the rivers and lakes have gone to dry and we suffer much from flood in rainy season and too much hot in summer season.
My secondary education life spent in this beautiful natural environment was a heavenly glory. The name of my school is Dadonchak Hemayet Memorial High School located in this village, Dadonchak. How nice the days I spent in the school with my classmates and teachers! All the teachers were very skilled to teach us. This school was established in 1919. Therefore, the event that the school students are going to celebrate the 100th anniversary, a few years later on 26 December, 2025, is a great expression of hope and a reunion and it will continue till 27 December, 2025. Among the many institutions, our school is one of them, founded by the renowned personality of the locality, Idris Ahmed Mia. Idris Ahmed Mia was a social worker, a poet and a political figure. Many Schools, a college, a PTI (Primary Teachers Training Institute) and some small industries had been established in this area by him. Over time, the small industries have now disappeared.
This school is located adjacent to Adina Fazlul Haque Government College. PTI and Primary School are also very close to one each other. The college had been nationalized in 1986 declared by the then President Hussain Muhammad Ershad. There are three Government institutions here. The college metioned above, Dadonchak Government PTI and Dadonchak Government primary school. At that time there were no facilities of paved roads, transports and electricity. Establishing such schools, college or small industries was a very difficult work. Idris Ahmed Mia, obtaining graduation with distinction from University of Calcutta, (a public university of Kolkata), India, as a heavenly messenger, in this dark and arduous area founded one institution after another to enlighten the people of this area for their welfare.
The days of building schools or any other institutions were not as easy as they are now at present. It is said that during the construction of this school, some miscreants burned down the school building several times. But Idris Ahmed Mia was an indomitable man. Nothing could shake him and finally he was able to establish the school. It is said that all the perpetrators later died of leprosy. Therefore, if the intention is honest, no obstacle can stop someone from doing any good deed. Idris Ahmed Mia was such a man who served the people of the society with all he had.
High school life is the golden period of anybody’s life. Nothing can be sweeter than recollecting the memory of the past specially the secondary education life. The foundation of learning is laid during this time. In other words, what one learns in life the seed is sowed in this period. This period is very important for a student to build up his/her future career. So in this time the students must be serious to read and write according to their daily routine and plan. After completing my primary education from Monakasha Primary School I got admitted into Dadonchak Hemayet Memorial High School in 1986. As a child I would understand very little about what I should learn and how I can develop myself with the learning process.
At that time the teaching staff of our school was excellent. Most of the teachers were skilled and would include themselves in the classes with excellent teaching quality. They had nice technique to engage the students with them. A very interesting matter is that there were three teachers in the same name in our school. Nazrul A, Nazrul B and Nazrul C. Nazrul A taught us English and Geography, Nazrul B Mathematics and Nazrul C Social Sceince. Our headteacher, Safiqur Rahman was a famous Mathematics teacher in this district. Faizur Rahman Bisu was also a very excellent teacher. Though he was a science teacher, he had a good command to teach in any subject whether science or arts or general knowledge.. My English primary knowledge was developed by Abdul Kader, another English teacher of our school. I also remember some other teachers like Mosharraf Sir, Rafique Sir and Kalu Sir etc. Many of them have died. May God’s peace be upon them.
The most interesting thing is that I find myself also a secondary school teacher as I followed my teachers in my school life. In this way, students of this school are employed in various sectors of the country, some as doctors, some as engineers, some as bankers, some as teachers in schools, colleges and universities, some as administrators, some as businessmen, some as non government employees, and many are employed abroad, transcending the boundaries of the country. Therefore, it can be said that every educational institution is a factory for building a nation. And every now and then the special moments of the school come to my memory when I stop my eyes or at my leisure. High school time is a very important time that all things we catch from our teachers established in our mind in such a way that it remains forever. Some of the advices of the teachers can never be forgotten. So, a teacher is like an ideal to the students.
Golam Rabbani was my class friend from grade six to ten and we we came out with success obtaining first division in the SSC (Secondary School Certificate) examination in 1991. Now, at present he is the Headteacher of this school. I congratulate my friend for his being a headteacher of this school. And I hope that he may lead the school in such a way that every student may see the bright or glorious future in his/her life. Just at the moment I am going to finish the writing, the sun is rising and I can smell the scent of the roses in front of my childhood home in the air. Love you the past, love you the petals of the roses.
Md. Mahbubul Alam is from Bangladesh. His writer name is Mahbub John in Bangladesh. He is a Senior Teacher (English) of Harimohan Government High School, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. Chapainawabganj is a district town of Bangladesh. He is an MA in English Literature from Rajshahi College under National University. He has published three books of poems in Bangla. He writes mainly poems but other branches of literature such as prose, article, essay etc. also have been published in national and local newspapers, magazines, little magazines. He has achieved three times the Best Teacher Certificate and Crest in National Education Week in the District Wise Competition in Chapainawabganj District. He has gained many literary awards from home and abroad. His English writings have been published in Synchronized Chaos for seven years.
THE USE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN MODERN MASS MEDIA AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages Faculty of Romance and Germanic Languages Philology and Language Teaching (French) 2nd-Year Student Dildora Abdullayeva Mukhiddin kizi abdullayevadildora006@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the specific features of using phraseological units in the language of modern mass media and social networks. It highlights how the dynamic nature of the media environment and the need to capture audience attention contribute to the active use of phraseological expressions as expressive tools. The study examines the functional and stylistic role of phraseological units in media headlines, journalistic texts, and social media content, as well as their transformations, shortened forms, and meme-based variants. Additionally, the emotional, pragmatic, and communicative functions of phraseological units in media discourse are explored. Keywords: phraseological units, media language, social networks, media discourse, stylistic function, meme culture, transformation.
KIRISH Modern media and social networks are the most active social platforms that directly affect human thinking, speech and cultural communication. The agility of the Medial environment, short and touching reporting encourage journalists, content creators to use expressive means in their lives. Phraseologisms are therefore becoming one of the most effective language units in this process. The study and research of phraseological units has long been of interest to linguistic scientists. Until the 19th century, phrases were studied in lexicology, in which only their meanings and etymology were described.
New issues facing society in today’s globalization process, such as environmental crisis, gender inequality, or corruption, are also reflected in phraseological units. This article is aimed at analyzing how phraseologisms reflect the social life of not only the Uzbek people, but also humanity as a whole. Today, issues such as the purpose of using phraseological units, their transformation, the process of becoming a meme on social networks, semantic changes, and their impact on the audience have not been sufficiently studied.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Semantic (meaning) and stylistic (methodological) analysis of phraseologisms in Media is carried out, and their function (function) in the text is determined. In this, the meaning of phraseologisms, through what stylistic means it is used, and its role in creating additional meaning and influence in the text are investigated. When the talk of phraseology began, schwetzar wrote that the French scientist Sh.It is impossible to remember Balli, who initially wrote his own book, ” Traite de stylistique française Bally. Ch. 1921), referring to frzeology. The term phraseological Bulic was the first to be applied to linguistics by V.Introduced by V Vinogradov. [Vinogradov, V.V.: 1946). Currently linguists. Although proverbs and sayings are also taught at the level of phraseological units, we will only consider units that are specific to idioms below.
Structural (grammatical) analysis :Phraseologism mainly represents character and action, and they belong to the category that grammatically denotes character or action. Most phraseologisms in French are phraseologisms that are related to the verb phrase category. Examples include avoir du sang de poulet – être paresseux, être lâché-be a coward.
Semantic analysis: in French, category SEMAS in the semantic content of phrasemes rely on phraseological meaning-for example Lexical-semantic analysis: phraseologisms of the verb category: Fowler aux pieds-to behold, rendre, faire hommage à qqn-to respect Stylistic analysis: verb, noun, ravish, adjective word-type phraseological units are widely used in newspapers and magazines, increasing textual impressiveness and serving to enhance communicativeness. Parler dans le vide, parler sans effet, parler en l’air – to talk in vain, that is, to talk too much. Ça ne mange pas de pain, il n’y a pas de risque-no harm.
Connotative meaning: quelque chose qui cloche – something is not working well, Ne vous en faites pas, Ne vous inquiéte pas – don’t worry
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Idiomatic Expression Literary Standard Spoken Mem – Tik tok Analysis Results Prendre son temps To be on time, not to rush Go quietly, Do not hurry Chill, No stress Expressed humorously in memes, enriched with more emojis Raconter des salades Lie Lying, telling lies Blah blah again,He’s telling me stories In memes, phrases are shortened and can be used in a humorous tone. Avoir le cœur sur la main Be generous Be kind Trop good ce mec, heart, big Tone increases in social networks En faire une montagne Making an elephant from a fly Exaggerate OMG it doesn’t matter Short phrases are used in memes
Pleuvoir des cordes It’s raining heavily. It’s raining in torrent Rain mode Memes are used with emojis. Remuer ciel et terre To act with all his might Do everything I move everything, Going ill in The memes use emojis and English idioms. Se bouffer le nez Fight tirelessly Arguing, getting angry, violently They slam each otherFight mode On We use emotional and short phrases in memes. Changer de disque Changing the subject during a conversation Change the subject, move on Ok next topic, change thé vibe We use mixed idioms in English in memes. Ouvrir son cœur Open your heart Confide in yourself, speak frankly I tell you everything Memes are enriched with emojis
According to the results of my observations for a long time, these phrases are very common on the Sorbonne and @FrancaisAvecMoiii channels in the telegram channel mettre la main à la pâte and and ouvrir son cœur. These phrases are used officially. This section shows the characteristics of how phraseological units collected as a result of our research are used in modern French. In the table, each phrase is presented in terms of official, literary, oral familier and methods of use in social networks. In addition the phrases se bouffer le nez and remuer ciel et terre are common on youtube and instagram channels. French.Schol.tv and Français Avec Pierre can be observed on social pages.
The phrase En faire une montagne can also be used in literary language, official articles, oral familier case and memes. In memes, the phrase is used to express humor and laughter. The meaning of this phrase is to make an elephant out of a fly, that is, to make a big tragedy out of a small thing.
The idiom Pleuvoir des cordes is used in literary language, oral familier and memes,social media. This phrase we can use in official articles, press, official descriptions, and in the mouth-in everyday conversation. In memes, this phrase is used to describe heavy rain with visual humor.
REVIEW OF USED LITERATURE In his article on the structural properties of phraseological units, Iskandarova Mohira gave examples of Idioms on verb, noun, vowel, adjective word categories. The article also addresses the stylistic, semantic, connotative meaning, structural, and lexical semantic learning of phraseological units. When the talk of frzeology began, schwetzar wrote that the French scientist Sh.It is impossible to remember Balli, who initially wrote his own book, ” Traite de stylistique française Bally. Ch. 1921), referring to frzeology.The origin of phraseology, what it means, has made these clear. Schwetzar was the son of a French nobleman, Sh. Recalling Balli, he originally wrote his own book, ” Traite de stylistique française Bally. Ch. 1921), referring to frzeology.
The term phraseological units was the first to be applied to linguistics by V. Introduced by V Vinogradov. [Vinogradov, V.B.: 1946). Currently linguists. aphorism, who also taught Proverbs at the phraseological unit level, he considers only those units that are characteristic of the idiom.
Phraseology is an important area of linguistics and studies sustainable expressions that embody the cultural memory, worldview and historical experience of the people. Since the beginning of the 20th Century, V.V. Vinogradov, A.V. Kunin, B.A. Larin, N.N. Scientists such as Amosova have scientifically substantiated the classification, semantic nature, origin and linguistic features of phraseological units. In Uzbek linguistics, Sh. Rahmatullaev and A.E. Mamatov developed this field and conducted in-depth research on the role of phraseology in expressing national identity.
CONCLUSION During the study, it was found that phraseological units are actively used in modern French, especially in media and social networks. Observations have shown that many phrases are used identically in formal, literary, and oral speech, while on the internet they adapt to the form of meme, shorthand, or humor. This suggests that medial speech is dynamic and influential. In general, phraseologisms are manifested in modern communication as an important tool that increases figurativeness, emotionality and expressive power.
REFERENCES
1.Bally, Ch. (1921). Traité de stylistique française (2e éd.). Heidelberg. 1-79 c.
Iskandarova, M. (n.d.). Frazeologik birliklarning struktur xususiyatlari. France International Scientific Conference: Scientific Approach to the Modern Education System, Part 12, 5th February.
Meliqo‘ziyeva, O‘. (2023). Frazeologik birliklarning asosiy xususiyatlari va ularning ma’nolari. Theoretical Aspects in the Formation of Pedagogical Sciences: International scientific-online conference. 4.Qurbonova, G. S. (2021). Fransuz va o‘zbek tillaridagi to‘qima frazeologizmlarning qiyosiy tahlili. Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, Educational, Natural and Social Sciences, 1(1). https://cyberleninka.ru
Виноградов, В. В. (1946). Основные понятия русской фразеологии. Труды юбилейной научной сессии ЛГУ, 203 с.
COMMON GRAMMAR ERRORS FOUND IN STUDENTS’ WRITING AND WAYS TO REDUCE THEM
Zunnira Almatova Diyora Qobilova Sabrina Mengqobilova Denov tadbirkorlik va pedagogika instituti 1-kurs talabalari
Abstract
This paper explores the most common grammar errors found in students’ writing and examines practical strategies to reduce them. Frequent mistakes such as subject–verb agreement errors, tense misuse, article omission, incorrect prepositions, sentence fragments, and word order problems are analyzed in detail. The study also discusses the underlying causes of these errors, including first language interference, limited exposure to authentic texts, insufficient practice, and lack of corrective feedback. The findings highlight the importance of integrating explicit grammar instruction with writing practice, extensive reading, collaborative learning, and systematic error correction. The paper concludes that a balanced, targeted approach can significantly improve students’ grammatical accuracy and overall writing proficiency.
The Role of Sentence Structure in Writing Sentence structure plays a fundamental role in effective writing because it determines how clearly, logically, and powerfully a writer’s ideas reach the reader. Writing is not only about choosing the right words; it is about arranging those words in a meaningful and organized way. A well-structured sentence guides the reader through the writer’s thoughts, allowing ideas to flow smoothly from one point to another. When sentences are crafted with attention to clarity and logical order, the message becomes more impactful and easier to understand.
Writers often face difficulties not because they lack vocabulary, but because their sentences do not convey relationships between ideas clearly. For example, if a sentence mixes multiple thoughts without proper connectors, the meaning can become confusing. Similarly, very short or poorly linked sentences may make writing feel choppy and unprofessional. On the other hand, extremely long and complex sentences can overwhelm the reader and hide the main point. This shows that good writing requires balance—sentences should be clear, logical, and appropriate in length.
Mastering sentence structure allows writers to express contrast, cause and effect, emphasis, conditions, and sequence more accurately. For instance, connectors such as “however,” “therefore,” “as a result,” and “in contrast” help the writer show how ideas relate to one another. The ability to combine clauses correctly also helps writers build arguments, explain concepts, and support opinions more convincingly. These skills are especially important in academic and professional writing, where clarity and logical flow are essential. Furthermore, varied sentence structures make writing more engaging. Using only simple sentences may make the text sound flat or repetitive, while combining simple, compound, and complex sentences creates rhythm and sophistication. This variation keeps the reader’s attention and improves the overall quality of the writing. It also reflects the writer’s ability to think critically and express ideas flexibly.
Ultimately, sentence structure is not just a grammatical concept; it is the foundation of effective communication in writing. When writers understand how to shape sentences with precision and purpose, they are able to present their ideas in a clear, organized, and convincing way. For this reason, studying sentence structure is essential for anyone who aims to improve writing skills and produce thoughtful, well-developed texts.
Importance of Sentence Structure in Developing Coherent Writing Sentence structure is a key indicator of how well a writer can express and organize thoughts. Coherence – the smooth and logical flow of ideas – heavily depends on how sentences are built. When sentences follow a clear structure, readers can easily track the development of arguments and understand how each idea connects to the next. This is especially important in academic writing, where clarity and logic define the quality of the text.
A coherent paragraph, for example, usually begins with a topic sentence, followed by supporting details, explanations, examples, and a concluding thought. However, even if these elements are present, the writing may still seem disorganized if the sentences lack proper connectors or if ideas are not linked grammatically. For instance, cause-and-effect relationships require specific structures such as “because,” “therefore,” or “as a result,” whereas comparisons need constructions with “although,” “however,” or “on the other hand.” Without such linguistic signals, the reader must guess the writer’s intention, which can reduce clarity and weaken the argument.
Moreover, sentence structure helps maintain the tone and style of the writing. Academic and formal writing often requires complex sentences that demonstrate critical thinking and detailed explanation. Yet, complexity must not come at the cost of readability. A well-trained writer knows how to balance complexity with clarity by using subordination, coordination, and parallelism in appropriate places. This balance makes the text both sophisticated and accessible.
Changes Writers Face with Sentence Structure
Many students struggle with constructing well-organized sentences, not because they lack ideas, but because they do not fully understand how grammatical structures support meaning. One common issue is the misuse of connectors, which leads to logical gaps or unintended shifts in meaning. For example, using “however” instead of “therefore” can completely change the interpretation of a sentence.
Another frequent challenge is incorrect clause combination. Students often join multiple ideas in one long sentence without proper punctuation or conjunctions, resulting in run-on sentences. Conversely, some writers avoid complex structures entirely and rely only on simple sentences, which makes their writing sound basic and fragmented.
Faulty parallelism is also an issue. When a writer lists ideas or constructs comparisons without maintaining grammatical parallelism, the sentence becomes awkward and harder to understand. These errors may seem small, but they significantly affect the professionalism and clarity of the writing.
To overcome these difficulties, learners must practice identifying clause types, understanding sentence patterns, and applying various connectors correctly. Regular exposure to well-written texts also helps writers internalize natural and effective sentence patterns.
Improving Writing Quality Through Structured Practice Teaching sentence structure effectively involves combining grammar instruction with meaningful writing activities. Instead of studying grammar rules in isolation, students benefit more when they apply sentence patterns directly in writing tasks. For example, after learning about complex sentences, students can rewrite simple paragraphs using subordinate clauses to show cause, contrast, or condition. This not only reinforces grammatical knowledge but also strengthens writing skills.
Another effective method is sentence combining exercises, where students merge short, choppy sentences into more sophisticated ones. This helps them see how ideas can connect logically and how structure influences rhythm and clarity. Likewise, sentence expansion tasks—with prompts that require adding details using adverbial or adjectival clauses—encourage creativity while improving syntactic awareness.
Peer review activities also play a role in improving sentence structure. When students analyze each other’s writing, they become more aware of structural weaknesses and learn to identify common errors. This reflection helps them revise their own writing more effectively.
Overall, structured practice makes writers more confident in manipulating sentences to express meaning precisely. It also builds the foundation for strong academic writing, where clear, cohesive, and logically structured sentences are essential.
Conclusion Sentence structure is more than a grammatical concept; it is the core of effective writing. Writers who understand how to build clear, logical, and varied sentences can communicate ideas more coherently and persuasively. By mastering the use of connectors, clause relationships, and balanced complexity, learners improve not only the quality of their sentences but the overall flow and effectiveness of their writing. Therefore, integrating sentence structure training into writing practice is essential for developing strong, independent, and confident writers.
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The classroom smelled of pencil shavings and damp jackets. For five minutes, we folded scraps of notebook paper into planes, launching them across the room. Some glided, some wobbled, others crashed into walls. I traced their arcs with my eyes, noting collisions, ricochets, and the occasional flight that defied expectation.
Laughter erupted, papers tumbled, and yet patterns emerged: the planes avoided certain corners, landing repeatedly in familiar arcs. I folded another, adjusting the crease slightly, predicting its path, marveling that small variations led to wildly different outcomes. In that brief chaos, I glimpsed a lesson bigger than geometry: that unpredictability is only meaningful if we observe, if we participate, if we notice the subtle orders forming inside the mess.
