Synchronized Chaos First of January 2026: What Makes Us Human

Silhouette of an adult person out at night near some pine trees with a view of the Milky Way
Image c/o Gerard Lipold

First, an announcement: published poet and contributor Tao Yucheng would like to host and judge a poetry contest open to all readers of Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Synchronized Chaos Poetry Contest

We seek short, powerful, imaginative, and strange poetry. While we welcome all forms of free verse and subject matter, we prefer concise work that makes an impact.

Guidelines: Submit up to five poems per person to taoyucheng921129@proton.me. Each poem should not exceed one page (ideally half a page or less). All styles and themes welcome. Deadline for submissions will be in early March.

Prizes: First Place: $50 Second Place: $10, payable via online transfer. One Honorable Mention. Selected finalists will be published in Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

A second announcement: poet and regular contributor J.J. Campbell has a new book out, to live your dreams.

From the back of the book: J.J. Campbell’s work is an unflinching look into a life spent alone with the bottle and the page readily at hand. It is raw, honest, and uncompromising in every sense of the word. You are keyed into the fact that this is a writer who doesn’t sugarcoat a single line to ever soften the blow. Campbell’s work is perfect in that sense, and in this newest collection, you are getting a writer at the top of his form.

Now, for our first issue of 2026. This issue explores what makes us who we are, physically and psychologically, as individuals and as communities and nations.

Young light skinned man doing the breaststroke or butterfly stroke in a pool on a sunny day
Image c/o Vera Kratochvil

Nicholas Gunther explores what makes him human, where in his body his consciousness might be located. Kassandra Aguilera also speculates about her consciousness, considering what makes her feel alive.

Xudoyberdiyeva Mohiniso explores some Eastern and Western philosophical conceptions of what it means to live a conscious human life. Morley Cacoethes’ haikus also explore where and how we find inner wisdom and knowledge. Nilufar Mo’ydinova outlines themes of free will and the search for truth through experience in Goethe’s Faust.

Brian Michael Barbeito crafts a lyrical winter meditation on a person’s holding onto nature and his identity in an alienating new world. Satimboyeva Risolat echoes the importance of maintaining one’s personal values. Mahbub Alam urges people to draw on the wisdom they possess to make the world more just and healthier. Türkan Ergör considers the unpredictable nature of our lives and the need to choose kindness. Zeki Celic reminds us to make the most of the limited time we each have on earth as Stephen Jarrell Williams depicts characters choosing freedom, peace, and love.

Aliyeva Aziza Utkirovna points to the eyes as a place where humans reveal their inner feelings. Nurbek Norchayev’s evocative piece celebrates the power of poetry to convey emotion and sensibility. Aliyeva Zulaykho highlights the role of breath in vocal expression while reading texts.

Chloe Schoenfeld delves into Walter Gramatte’s painting of German artist, art historian, and social activist Rosa Schapire. She wonders how much of the craft of creating a likeness is about the subject and how much is about the associations the artist draws on to help them imagine and understand the person.

Painting of a gray haired woman seated in a wooden chair with necklaces and a white buttoned coat.
By Walter Gramatté

Shomurodova Dilafro’z Bahodir qizi explores approaches to Uzbek linguistics that focus more on the people creating texts rather than merely on the texts as isolated objects. Fayziyeva Hafiza Alisher qizi also looks at human life and culture’s influence upon languages.

J.K. Durick reflects on the seasons of life where we are observers, contemplating those around us or what has happened. Taylor Dibbert‘s poetic speaker considers his own role in the dissolution of his marriage. Bill Tope’s short story depicts family pulled apart, then back together, then apart again.

Dr. Jernail Singh urges parents to let their young adult children learn and work for their own dreams in life. Also, he reminds us to consider the legacies we leave behind for the rest of the world once we become successful enough to care for ourselves and our families. Tolqinova Marifatoi Shavkatjon qizi outlines research into approaches to social and vocational training for young adults.

Lan Qyqalla recollects his romance with his late wife as Adalat Eroglu versifies about a tender romance and Özcan İşler urges his love to remember him. Nasser Alshaikh Ahmed Arabia’s poetic mind wanders through the jasmine-scented depths and alleyways of love. Ramona Yolanda-Montiel considers an old and warm poncho as a sign of her family’s love. J.J. Campbell writes his way through another lonely, disillusioned holiday, wishing he had love and a close family.

Aleksandra Soltysiak wonders at gentle miracles at Christmas, within nature and within families. Gabriel Bates reflects on the ways he distracts and enjoys himself during holiday celebrations. S. Afrose sings of the joys of the Christmas season. Til Kumari Sharma highlights the beauty and value of the Christian faith at Christmas as Maja Milojkovic expresses gratitude to the archangel Michael. Kalipada Ghosh celebrates life, faith, love, and joy at the holiday season. Sardar Makhmudova’s short story shares how a little girl’s brave adventure lets her discover the meaning of the season, sharing love with others. Dr. Prasanna Kumar Dalai goes into poetic rapture about romantic love, world peace, and personal stillness.

Light skinned 30 something year old man in jeans and a gray sweater seated on a windowsill looking out at trees and the moon at night.
Image c/o Mahmoud Mohammed Hassan

Ahmed Miqdad laments the cold winter endured by Palestinian refugees in a call for global peace and justice. Pat Doyne reflects on the United States’ gun violence epidemic and the lack of progress to tackle it. Also, she speaks to the political chaos in America and its negative effects on consumer prices. Giulia Mozzati Zacco mourns the deaths of children in school shootings through the ancient form of the ghazal. Ziyoda Muradilova reflects on cultural pressures that social media has placed on the craft of journalism, to be fast, interactive, and appealing to readers, and how that poses challenges to the task of delivering truth.

Eva Petropoulou Lianou reminds us that true freedom is a society where people can live safely together, not merely the chance to serve ourselves at others’ expense. Dr. Jernail Singh reminds us that what goes around, comes around, both in terms of the legal system and the religious concept of karma. Duane Vorhees points out that concepts such as justice and poetry and perception should not remain purely abstract but carry practical meanings in the real world.

Abdulrazaq Godwin Omeiza considers how formal education taught him the facts of history, but poetry showed him how to survive it. Ruqaya Mehran, interviewed by poet Eva Petropoulou Lianou, discusses her work as a museum guide, influencer, and historian of ancient Egypt. Dylan Lloyd speaks to the emerging, burgeoning magic of creativity. Taro Hokkyo’s short story illustrates the power of self-belief in overcoming oppression and obstacles. Zaxina Tohirova highlights the lessons we can learn from failure and perseverance. Aziza Xasamova urges us through piercing prose not to give up, whatever happens in our lives.

Ahmed Farooq Baidoon revels in togetherness and merriment at the New Year. Kujtim Hajdari expresses high hopes and dreams for the New Year as Imran Khan moves forward into 2026 with optimism and Jacques Fleury tosses in his New Year wishes for all of our readers. Bruce Roberts contributes a splash of whimsy in his Wacky New Year poem. Valentina Yordanova’s poetry, translated by Yoana Konstantinova, reflects on the joy of Christmas and the self-reflection encouraged in the New Year as Dr. Ratan Bhattacharjee marches forth into 2026 with hope and strength. JoyAnne O’Donnell renews her hopes and dreams as time marches forward. Argentinian poet Graciela Noemi Villaverde takes joy in her December 21st birthday, the summer solstice where she lives, and Fernando Jose Martinez Alderete reflects on nature’s rest and preparation for regrowth during winter.

Synchronized Chaos contributor Jacques Fleury, a young Black man in a black suit and red tie and dark sunglasses, on a golden Christmas ornament with red and green decor, on a Christmas tree.
Image c/o Jacques Fleury

Elza Hansen celebrates the maternal and paternal love at the heart of the Christmas holiday. Abu Rayhan Beruni connects the importance of strong families to a strong nation.

Dildora Khojyozova highlights the cultural renaissance of the nation of Uzbekistan as Diyorbek Elmirzayev looks at Uzbekistan’s increasing government debt as an outgrowth of economic growth and investments in modernization. Lolaxon Sodiqxonova highlights the importance of gender equality and initiatives to empower Uzbek women in economics and education. Dilshoda Nodir qizi Nurboboyeva presents strategies for educating and raising children without gender stereotypes. Priyanka Neogi urges women around the world to move forward with self-respect, creativity, and independence. Ashraf Al-Mismar provides a literary analysis of gender, identity, and migration in his novel Soul Shards.

Communication is integral to intercultural understanding and migration. Shaxriniso Savranboyeva outlines various approaches to translating idioms across languages and cultures. Saminjon Khakimov points to how language instructors can harness the phenomenon of code-switching, reverting to one’s native tongue, in the classroom. Abdurashidova Sabina Eldarovna highlights teen code-switching, from normal language to chat-speak and slang. Eshpo’latova Xilola highlights the role of audiovisual teaching aids in enhancing students’ foreign language acquisition. Ruziyeva Sitora outlines why and how English is still considered a global language as Ubaydullayeva Saodat discusses the role of English in international travel.

Abdullayeva Feruza suggests visual activities that help accentuate young children’s learning. Yusupov Otajon Ulug’bek ogli outlines various creative approaches to teaching and learning foreign languages. Gulsevar Amirqulova encourages teachers to practice and develop their own creativity as part of professional development. Jo’ranazova Dilobar Dilmurod qizi highlights different ways to teach young children their mother tongue. Nasulloyeva Feruzabonu expounds on the value of science and technology education for society in ways that go above and beyond the practical. Dr. Jernail Singh Anand urges society and our educational system to teach wisdom and the humanities rather than simply focusing on speeding up students’ financial success. Bahora Akmalova considers approaches to teaching preschool children social skills in a classroom setting. Rupa Rao interviews writing mentor Balachandran Nair about his work with emerging authors.

Eva Petropoulou Lianou interviews Dr. Reda Abdel Rahim, inspector of Egyptian antiquities at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, about his work with artifacts of his nation’s past. Jeffrey Spahr-Summers’ digitally altered photographs glimpse a more recent past, giving homes and street scenes a hazy, nostalgic feel.

Artistically altered and hazy image of a yellow skyscraper bank building. Blue awning below for a Ben and Jerry's.
Image c/o Jeffrey Spahr Summers

Sayani Mukherjee’s imagistic work explores nature, love, loss, and the concept of home. Natasha Leung draws on oceans and canoes as a metaphor for a couple who are separated all too often. Eleanor Hazel Hill reflects on physical mementos of summer fun. Yusufjonova O’gilxon revels in the chill pleasantries of winter. Soumen Roy looks to a river metaphor to express consistent flow, purpose, humility and resilience. Dr. Byeong-Cheol Kang evokes the resoluteness and strength of an eagle. Kujtim Hajdari highlights ecological themes in his review of Eva Petropoulou’s poetry. Axmadqulova Sapuraxon shares ideas for educating preschool children about the environment. A group of youth in China submits various short poems inspired by natural scenes. Alan Catlin patters out imagistic pieces inspired by various Japanese words for rain as O’rinboyeva Zarina speculates on life on a planet where rain is a rarity. Robert Beckvall reflects on his life’s winding path and how it deposited him on the lush big island of Hawaii. Mesfakus Salahin looks to the longer-lasting natural world for absolution from his complex memories. Riley Winters laments human exploitation of animals and the wilderness.

Mykyta Ryzhykh evokes the inextricable natures of life and death. Alyssa Trivett graphically renders the aftermath of a car accident. Nilufar Yoldoshova outlines similarities and differences between Uzbek and Korean funeral customs. Tea Russo’s work dramatizes the soul-killing effects of grief, loneliness, and shame. Gabriel Kang’s work exposes exploitation disguised as progress and love. Robin Beernaert outlines the psychological impact of a griever’s journey through poetry and prose.

Jessica Vanderwall composes an emotionally complex love letter to herself. Daniela Chourio-Soto reflects on the power of dreams to express and warn us about feelings in our waking lives. Joshua Obirija paints a lower-case portrait of the grief and lostness driving his writing.

Adrina Esparas-Hope crafts a graphic image of visceral love that could be a metaphor for creative pursuits. Brian Barbeito lets go of the need to understand everything before he can experience beauty and mystery. Texas Fontanella’s work revels in color and improvisation, reminiscent of jazz and electronica. Mark Young artistically alters geographical maps of checkerboards and Australian regions. Grant Guy intentionally erases parts of painted and typed texts as an artistic experiment. Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna encourages readers and students to take up a refreshing and creative hobby. Federico Wardal explores the career and casting decisions of artists’ manager Adriano Aragozzini.

More practical fields can be creative as well. Shahlo Rustamova explores the role of discrete mathematics, particularly combinatorics, in understanding biological structures. Farangiz Musurmonova urges Uzbek accounting frameworks to match those of international professional standards. Medical student O’roqova Nargiza outlines the importance of salivary glands in the human body. Normurodova Salina Saitkulovna discusses how the medical field prepares for pandemics. Ahmedova Dilorom Mahmudovna highlights the progress of medical therapies for cancers caused by human papillomavirus.

We hope that this issue will inspire your creativity!

Essay from Aliyeva Aziza Utkirovna

Young Central Asian woman with her hair up in a bun, brown eyes, and small earrings. She's in a white blouse and black jacket.

HIDDEN HISTORY IN THE EYES: THE INNER WORLD OF HUMANS

Aliyeva Aziza Utkirovna

Abstract: This article is devoted to revealing a person’s inner world through the eyes. The author interprets the eyes not only as organs of sight but also as the most reliable mirror of human psyche, emotions, and inner history. The article vividly and profoundly depicts how the eyes reflect human experiences, memories, dreams, and inner sufferings. It also analyzes the possibility of understanding a person’s psyche, personal values, and worldview through the eyes. Written in an artistic style, the article harmonizes psychological and philosophical perspectives, allowing the reader to feel the complex and rich layers of a person’s inner world.

“The eye is a secret, the heart is a sea, the mind is the shore.”

— Rumi

Human eyes are not merely organs for seeing, recognizing, or being recognized. The eyes are the oldest book of a person, the most meaningful language in silence, a unique means of communication that needs no translator. Sometimes one cannot trust a person’s words, yet a fleeting sparkle in their eyes can reveal their entire life. A person’s inner history, experiences, suffering, joy, and dreams—all of these fit into these two small windows.

Reading the hidden history in the eyes means feeling the person, understanding their heart, comprehending them without repeated words. One glance draws a person closer, another pushes them away through the years. The eyes have their own truth, their own seal: there is no deception, no sarcasm, no place for polished words.

Every person’s inner world is unique. In someone’s eyes, the dust of ancient cities, old experiences, and heavy trials are reflected. In another’s eyes, there are yet unwritten pages of life—purity, dreams, simple trust. The eyes are a magical bridge that unites a person’s past and future. As long as a person lives, every experience, every loss and gain, every suffering and joy leaves a new line at the bottom of these eyes.

Sometimes people hide their eyes—they fear their own histories and do not wish to reveal the stories within. But it is impossible to completely cover the eyes. A person reveals themselves even without words. Compared to a world tired of excessive words, the eyes speak truth like a wound: noticeable, yet impossible to conceal.

The idea that the eyes are the mirror of the soul is not merely figurative. A person’s inner world, psyche, upbringing, past, and even what kind of person they will become in the future can be sensed there. By looking into someone’s eyes, one can feel who they are, what they have experienced, what they long for, and what they fear.

A person who can read the hidden history in the eyes understands others quickly. For this history never lies. There are no extra phrases in the conversation of the eyes, only inner truth. Some eyes comfort, some give strength, while others carry traces of hopeless events. Behind every gaze lies a world—a universe—a person.

Therefore, if you want to know a person’s inner world, first look into their eyes. There lie unspoken words, unfinished stories, deep thoughts, and hidden secrets. In every person’s eyes is a history written by themselves but never read to anyone.

Studying the hidden history in the eyes also allows analyzing people’s emotional and mental states. Every glance, every tremor, every smile reflects the questions and answers a person gives to themselves. Thus, the eyes are not only a spiritual mirror but also witnesses of the passage of time, human experiences, and inner changes.

The struggles in a person’s inner world are reflected through the eyes. Sometimes in subtle expressions, sometimes in sharp gazes. For instance, when a person recalls a painful memory, dark clouds appear in their eyes; in moments of joy, light shines. These moments, memories, and feelings are all written in the inner history of the eyes, and this history is never forgotten.

Understanding a person through the eyes is not just looking; it is a harmony of thought, intuition, and inner feelings. Sometimes the smooth silence of the eyes says more than words ever could. The eyes are the most truthful part of a person, leaving no room for lies or hypocrisy. Therefore, by observing the eyes, one can sense not only a person’s mental state but also their personal values and worldview.

Every person creates a hidden bridge between past and future in their eyes. Through the eyes, they recall past mistakes, successes, loves, and losses. In this way, the eyes become an open book of a person’s personal history, where every page is an event, every gaze a trace, every slight tremor an emotion.

Studying the hidden history in the eyes helps to understand a person more deeply. This study is not merely observation but feeling, accepting the learned knowledge with the heart. Therefore, the eyes are the most reliable means of exploring a person’s inner world, for they never lie.

The eyes have a unique magical power: they reveal a person’s inner world, memories, dreams, fears, and hopes. In this way, one can learn much about a person’s mental state, human behavior, and personal values. The eyes are a vivid expression of the richest and most complex history of a person.

The role of eyes in human psyche is not limited to individual memories; they also reveal subtle connections in social relations. Through the eyes, a person connects with others, expresses feelings, and even communicates without words. In this sense, the eyes are one of the oldest and most universal “languages” in human history. Each gaze provides the opportunity to read a person’s unique history and personal experience.

The human inner world is complex and layered. The eyes are like a window that reveals these layers one by one. In one glance, the simple memories of childhood are reflected; in another, the deep thoughts of adulthood. Through the eyes, a person’s inner experiences and emotions are revealed: calmness and anxiety, hope and worry, joy and suffering coexist.

Furthermore, the eyes reveal a person’s personal values and worldview. Through them, a person understands their inner problems and dreams, compares themselves with others, and shapes life decisions. Therefore, studying the eyes is an essential tool for understanding the human psyche. Eyes are delicate and precise indicators that provide a map of a person’s inner world.

Studying the hidden history in the eyes is interesting not only psychologically but also philosophically. Every gaze reflects the complex connection between a person’s past, present moment, and future. In this way, the eyes become a key that helps to understand a person’s inner world more deeply.

Poetry from Riley Winters

Kingdom, as Our Shelter or Grave

Their kingdom, towering and tainted with avarice,

Was the first place I learned to run from.

I crawled on all fours through the dirt, through the bramble, across freshwater rivers that smelled of a time long before ours,

My lips cracked and dry and the fur between my paws caked with mud.

I ran because they taught me to run.

I sought out hope because all that was left for me in their land was despair.

The sharp glare of their cold metal blades and the stinging alloy of their hollow-point glares seemed to say, “You are not welcome here, beast.”

And after I fled I swore to myself that those words, unspoken yet ringing all too clearly,

Would be the only ones from their mouths to which I would ever listen.

The shaking in my legs and the shiver in my spine remind me of when they first arrived.

Loading their lethal weapons, yelling gruff commands we could not understand, tainting the ocean’s shore with the unwelcome filth of their footprints.

The land upon which they walked had been our domain since time immemorial,

Yet when they set foot upon it they clipped our wings, hoisted us up by our beautiful tails,

Told us our names and what we were to be as if it was our duty to bow down.

As if their soulless, self-centered minds could ever know or understand us, they bound us in black and white and stripped us of our dignity,

Calling us boy, girl, he, she, it, beast, reducing what time knew as precious creatures to a mere curiosity, a conglomerate order of inferior beings which they saw as nothing more than playthings to satisfy their greed and thirst for cruelty.

“Nine coin for a necklace made of rabbit bones.”

“Twelve coin for a pound of venison.”

“Twenty coin for the fur pelt of a fox.”

What was once precious and sacred, by their selfish greed and piercing bullets had become nothing but a target, forced to stagger with matted fur, broken wings, and slit paws into hiding to retain the final scrap of dignity left in our mere breath.

Might I remind you, dearest creature to whom I speak, that we did not choose what we are. We did not choose to belong to the forest – it was the forest that chose us. We will not let them hold us down, harvest our fur for “good luck,” display our formaldehyde-filled corpses as trophies and say it is truth. It is cruelty. If we are to be hunted by those who stormed our kingdom and called us monsters, then let the forest that birthed us be our moonlight, our shelter, our treasure, our true story, so that we may never forget the meaning of peace or harmony. Silent creature, shivering in the cold, never forget your heritage, your homeland, your true colors, or the spirit of the forest that dwells within.

Never, ever forget what it means to be alive.

Essay from Aliyeva Zulaykho

The role of breath in expressive reading of texts


Kattakurgan State Pedagogical Institute
Uzbek language and literature
25.03-Group student Aliyeva Zulaykho


Annotatsiya: Maqolada til va adabiyot yo‘nalishi talabalari uchun muhim bo‘lgan ifodali o‘qish praktikumi haqida,uning spetsifik xususiyatlari to‘g‘risida bayon qilingan. Bundan maqsad bo‘lajak o‘qituvchi-pedagoglarda nutqiy savodxonlikni oshirish,ifodali o‘qish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishdir. Nafas,ovoz va tembrdan foydalanish yo‘llari bo‘yicha tadqiqot natijalari bilan bo’lishish.
Kalit so‘zlar: Mashq,ovoz,tembr,urg‘u,nafas,pauza,tadqiqot,nafas olish yo‘llari.


Аннотация: В статье описывается практика выразительного чтения, актуальная для студентов филологического факультета, и её особенности. Целью статьи является повышение речевой грамотности и развитие навыков выразительного чтения у будущих учителей. Представлены результаты исследований по использованию дыхания, голоса и тембра.
Ключевые слова: Упражнение, голос, тембр, акцент, дыхание, пауза, исследование, дыхательные пути.


Abstract: The article discusses important issues for students of language and literature. The expressive reading practicum and its specific features are described. The goal is to improve speech literacy and develop expressive reading skills in future teachers. Sharing the results of research on the use of breath, voice, and timbre.
Keywords: Exercise, voice, timbre, accent, breath, pause, research, respiratory tract.


INTRODUCTION


To read texts, works of art in an expressive, expressive way, it is necessary to pay attention to such physiological phenomena as Breath, pronunciation, voice, timbre-that is, the most important of these is breath. In the process of speech, breath adjustments between words and sentences arise-from the need to take a new reserve of air and restore a weakened breath.

Professor Nizamiddin Mahmudov,in his book “Culture of Teacher Speech”, cites the information that the famous ancient Greek orator Demosthenes could not speak beautifully and impressively, initially with a low voice, poor pronunciation, short breath. In social communication intervention, beautiful, clean and touching speech has always taken its place from the center of topical issues. Even today, there are such shortcomings among young speakers, that is, educators. Most of our scholars have conducted their own research on these issues. In particular, the teaching manual “Basics of expressive reading”, created by the S.Inomkhojayev and A.Zunnunov, recommended certain types of breathing exercises to improve breathing activity. In today’s study, we used an experimental study and tried to find solutions to issues such as breathing methods, how to get it right. This study was conducted among members of the community who were just starting to study speech science, and the results were obtained.


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY


In this experimental study, two high school seniors were selected, and during an expressive reading session, breathing exercises were performed in two different ways, and then the text was taught, in order to check who had a deeper breath, did not break quickly. In this, the first teenager was compared with the method of concentrating breathing through a counting exercise, and the second-with methods of collecting breathing through a abdominal pulling exercise. That is, a counting exercise is an exercise that initially counts from one to five. After one to five counts, the breath is taken and the exercise is continued again. The number is then increased to ten, followed by 15.20.25.The next abdominal pull-up exercise was also mastered by the second student. In this case, air will accumulate, filling the lungs with the abdomen pulled into it, and the resulting breath will have to be exhaled in sections. Through these two types of exercises, the skills of getting, Holding and controlling breathing correctly are generated. And proper control of breathing is the basis of expressive reading practice.


REVIEW OF USED LITERATURE


In the literature of medicine, three different types of breathing are indicated: 1.Breathing from the gift; 2.Chest – breathing through the abdomen; 3. Mixed breathing. When speaking, it is necessary to breathe smoothly, naturally without hoarseness, spend it at the request of the desired tone. In the tutorial “Basics of expressive reading”, created by S.Inomkhojayev and A.Zunnunov, the following five different breathing exercises are recommended to improve breathing activity:


1.Control exercise. In this case, it is carried out with the aim of controlling the correct intake of breath in a diaphragm-mixed way. In this case, while standing freely and pressing two ribs with both hands, a slow, deep breath is taken, and again slowly exhale. A deep breath raises the arm placed on the rib to two sides.


2.Abdominal pulling exercise. This is an exercise in pulling the abdomen up while “holding “ the air filled with the lungs.
3.Counting exercise (in which the methodology of studies was given in part).
4.Musajja ‘ exercise. In this case, the saj’ texts are pronounced freely, taking a breath in two or three places, and then a long breath is taken.
In S.Karimov’s book” The culture of speech and the art of Mutola”, it is said about breathing: the correct way to breathe-release is the physical basis of sound resonance. Incorrect breathing negatively affects the sound ringing, sound polishing is impaired. By developing the skill of diaphragmatic-rib breathing and using sound amplification devices, you can improve the quality of sound and make it more resonant.


ANALYSIS AND RESULTS


Experimental research results: breath-holding skills in expressive reading of texts have tested positive through both exercises. However, it should be noted-that the second of these methods, that is, the control of breathing through a counting exercise, showed a relatively superior result. After the rehearsals, both testers were given the text of the lecture and a request was made to read it expressively. Recent results have shown that the student who breathed through the counting exercise did not make false interruptions in the text. The purpose of this was not to read the text in one breath, but to reach the point where the thought completion was given, not to “patch” the end of the text, and in this the second method prevailed. This is due to the fact that in a counting exercise, there is a gradual increase, that is, a state of holding the breath for a longer period of time, so that each breathing interval is extended. When speaking with an expression, it is recommended to do such exercises regularly, and not at that time frame.


CONCLUSION


In conclusion, the characteristic that determines the spiritual status of a person is his speech. When speech loses its affectivity, logic, clarity and purity, and expressiveness, it also spontaneously affects our level among society. And in order to increase the concentration of these signs in our speech, we need to regularly perform the exercises presented above. In order to properly control breathing, it is recommended to mention riddles in combination with the above exercises, also increasing the number in one breath. Of course, there are also special guides and exercise books for speakers, the use of which will not be of use to ourselves. The platform” you tube “also has ten” Lesson of Sukhandon ” of the speaker and singer Shuhrat Qayumov. It was also in these lessons that breathing techniques were taught in detail. Hence, the main weapon of expressive speech is the ability to control breathing.


FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI


1.Nizomiddin Mahmudov (2009). O‘qituvchi nutqi madaniyati. Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O‘zbekiston Milliy kutubxonasi nashriyoti.
2.Nor’qul Bekmikrzayev (2007).Nutq madaniyati va notiqlik asoslari.O’zbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi ‘Fan” nashriyoti.
3.R.Rasulov, Q.Mo‘ydinov (2015).Nutq madaniyati va notiqlik san’ati.Toshkent. 4.Suyun Karimov (2020).Nutq madaniyati va mutolaa san’ati.Samarqand:SamDu nashri.
5.Ziyoda Masharipova (2011).Ifodali o‘qish praktikumi.Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O‘zbekiston Milliy kutubxonasi nashriyoti.
6.Suxandonlik darslari. You Tube Registon TV. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2TP8Mg_Nyw

Poetry from J.K. Durick

Not Part of It

Being a bystander watching it happen

And having nothing to do with it, just a

Spectator, an onlooker, bleacher seats

With phone in hand, video rolling as if it

Made a difference, changed anything at

All, no nothing unfolding for us, witless

Witnesses, the watchers watching it all

Unfold beyond their control and hoping

For the best or at least not the worst.

Parental Presence

Parents fit nicely

Into poetry.

Side by side

Elbow to elbow

Mom and dad

Continuing on

Never finished

For the poet

And his or her poems.

On the page

They are easier

To control

Reversed roles

Play out.

A poem can

Move them about

Get them

To do the things

Expose their

Weaknesses and

Their strengths.

We know

We’ll never be done

With them

Or them with us.

 In Retirement

Lived here

So long

It seems

Like eternity

Sometimes.

Various lives

I’ve led –

Childhood

Local schools

Even college

Now retired

Into this

This wordy

Quietude.

But times

I feel like

A stranger

No one knows

A face no one

Remembers

A name

They might

Have heard

But can’t

Remember

Where or when.

Essay from Tolqinova Marifatoi Shavkatjon qizi

The Content and Main Directions of Upbringing

Andijan State University
Faculty of History and Social Sciences
Student of Applied Psychology
Tolqinova Marifatoi Shavkatjon qizi
Email: aprmaaprov@gmail.com
Tel:+998930759404

Annotation: This article mainly focuses on the process of upbringing, namely the essence, content, and significance of the upbringing process. The content of the article is upbringing is understood as a system of knowledge, skills, beliefs, personal qualities, character traits, and patterns of behavior that learners are expected to
acquire in accordance with the set goals and objectives. The main purpose of upbringing is to form a well-rounded and harmonious individual. In other words, the primary goal of upbringing is to educate a person who is fully developed in the spiritual, scientific, moral, and social aspects.

The main task of upbringing is to ensure the purposeful development of members of society and to create appropriate conditions for meeting their various needs. When one need is satisfied, another emerges. If these needs are chosen and developed based on proper upbringing, an individual can achieve the necessary successes and levels of personal development. For example, a person who chooses the path of education and knowledge has certain needs that can be explained step by step: the first step is admission to a bachelor’s program, the second step is entering a master’s program,
the third step is enrollment in doctoral studies, followed by further stages of academic and professional growth.


Keywords: educational process, content of education, essence of education, significance of education, well-rounded personality, personal development, goals of education and objectives, knowledge and skills, belief, personal qualities, behavior, social
needs, continuous development, motivation, professional growth.


Аннотация:В данной статье в основном рассматриваются процессы воспитания, а именно содержание, сущность и значение воспитательного процесса. Содержание воспитания понимается как система знаний, умений, убеждений, личностных качеств, характера и поведенческих установок, которые обучающиеся должны усвоить в соответствии с поставленными
целями и задачами.Основная цель воспитания заключается в формировании всесторонне развитой личности. То есть главной целью воспитания является становление личности, гармонично развитой в духовном, научном и коллективном аспектах.

Основной задачей воспитания является создание
условий для целенаправленного развития членов общества, а также для удовлетворения их различных потребностей. Иными словами, при удовлетворении одной потребности возникает следующая, и если данные потребности формируются на основе правильно организованного воспитания, личность способна достигать необходимых успехов и уровней развития.В качестве примера можно привести образовательный путь личности: первая ступень — поступление в бакалавриат, вторая ступень —
обучение в магистратуре, третья ступень — поступление в докторантуру, а также последующие этапы профессионального и научного роста.

Ключевые слова:воспитательный процесс, содержание воспитания, сущность воспитания, значение воспитания, всесторонне развитая личность, развитие личности, цели и задачи, знания и умения, убеждения, личностные качества, поведение, социальные потребности, непрерывное развитие,
мотивация, профессиональный рост.


Introduction


Throughout the historical development of society and pedagogy, various approaches have emerged to explain the concept of upbringing. First of all, a distinction is made between upbringing in its broad and narrow senses. In the broad sense, upbringing refers to the overall influence of society on an individual, in which the process of upbringing is closely interconnected with socialization. In this context, a person’s development occurs through continuous interaction with social norms, values, and cultural traditions. In the narrow sense, upbringing is understood as the purposeful educational activity carried out by educators, which is
commonly referred to as educational or upbringing work.

This approach emphasizes the intentional and organized influence of pedagogical efforts aimed at shaping an individual’s moral, intellectual, and social qualities. This article examines views and reflections on upbringing presented in the works of prominent
scholars such as Jan Amos Comenius, Anton Makarenko, and Abu Nasr al-Farabi, highlighting their contributions to the understanding of the essence and significance of upbringing in human development.

Review of the Literature
In his work “The Virtuous City”, Abu Nasr al-Farabi considers upbringing to be a fundamental factor in the formation of a morally perfect individual. This viewpoint is highly valid, as upbringing can be regarded as the foundation upon which knowledge is built. An individual who has received proper upbringing tends to acquire knowledge more quickly and effectively.

According to al-Farabi, upbringing plays a crucial role in developing moral virtues, intellectual maturity, and abilities that enable a person to contribute positively to society. This idea appears well grounded, since the development of such qualities indeed leads to the formation of individuals who are beneficial to society. However, upbringing should not be limited solely to these aspects; it is also essential to cultivate additional abilities in children, such as communication skills, social interaction, appropriate behavior, and the ability to speak and act suitably in different social contexts.

Jan Amos Comenius viewed upbringing as a natural, continuous, and systematic process. He emphasized that education and upbringing should be equal and compulsory for all individuals. While this perspective is partially acceptable, excessive enforcement and rigid compulsion may lead to fatigue and resistance among children. Treating all individuals identically in the process of upbringing
can diminish the diversity and meaning of human life.

Every individual requires upbringing, but not in the same manner, as people differ in their personalities, needs, challenges, and developmental conditions. Therefore, forced uniformity in
upbringing is inappropriate. Nevertheless, in collective and public environments, adherence to common rules and norms is necessary. Thus, when Comenius’s views are examined from both objective and subjective perspectives, they can be considered largely valid and well-founded.


Research Methodology
In order to determine the effectiveness of the upbringing process, this study employs several research methods widely used in pedagogical science, including historical-pedagogical analysis, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, and pedagogical experimentation. As the methodological foundation of the research, A. S. Makarenko’s concept of upbringing through the collective was selected.

Makarenko’s practical experience in collective education was
implemented during the 1920s–1930s at the M. Gorky Labor Colony located in Ukraine. This pedagogical experiment primarily involved orphaned children, adolescents prone to delinquent behavior, and individuals belonging to socially vulnerable groups. During the research process, the participants were educated on the basis of collective labor, strict discipline, responsibility, and mutual
respect.

The central idea of the experiment was that the collective, as a leading educational tool, exerts a strong influence on personal development. According to Makarenko’s theory, the harmony between high demands and respect within the upbringing process ensures effective outcomes. This approach contributed to the
formation of such qualities as social responsibility, diligence, discipline, and social usefulness among the participants.


The analysis of the experimental results indicates that approximately 80–85 percent of the participants successfully achieved social adaptation and developed into individuals who found their place in society. At the same time, 15–20 percent of the participants continued to experience various social difficulties. This situation
can be explained by the large number of participants involved in the experiment, the complexity of their psychological conditions, and differences in their ability to accept and respond to educational influence.

Overall, Makarenko’s methodology of upbringing through the collective demonstrated high effectiveness and was scientifically substantiated as one of the most significant pedagogical approaches
for fostering social development and personal maturity. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of strengthening the role and importance of the collective within the upbringing process.

Analysis and Results
During the research process, the effectiveness of the pedagogical approach based on A. S. Makarenko’s concept of upbringing through the collective was analyzed using criteria for assessing personal development. The evaluation focused on key indicators such as changes in the participants’ social adaptation, level of discipline,
sense of responsibility, and skills of cooperation within the collective.

The results of the conducted pedagogical experiment revealed that approximately 80–85 percent of the participants demonstrated positive changes. Within this group, clear improvements were observed in adaptation to collective activities, awareness of
social responsibility, a more positive attitude toward labor, and the development of personal discipline. These findings confirm the practical effectiveness of Makarenko’s theoretical view that regards the collective as a leading instrument of upbringing.

At the same time, the study identified that 15–20 percent of the
participants did not achieve the expected level of outcomes. This result can primarily be explained by the individuals’ psychological characteristics, negative social experiences, and a low level of receptiveness to educational influence.


Additionally, the large number of participants limited the possibility of fully implementing an individualized approach during the research process.


Discussion


The discussion indicates that although the approach of upbringing through the collective demonstrates high effectiveness, applying it uniformly to all learners is not advisable. This method can fully achieve the expected outcomes only when it is integrated with individual and differentiated approaches. In this regard, the
findings are consistent with the ideas proposed by Jan Amos Comenius concerning the continuous and systematic nature of upbringing.

The analysis of the results shows that the model of collective upbringing remains highly relevant within the modern educational system. It serves as an effective means of fostering social activity, self-awareness, and motivation to attain a достойное place in society. At the same time, it has been scientifically substantiated that successful implementation of this approach requires careful consideration of the learners’ individual characteristics and psychological conditions.


Conclusion


The findings of the study indicate that pedagogical activities organized through the collective play a significant role in ensuring personal development within the upbringing process. The concept of collective upbringing developed by A. S. Makarenko remains relevant and applicable in contemporary pedagogical contexts. The results of the experimental research demonstrate that upbringing based on collective activity contributes to the formation of essential qualities such as social adaptation, responsibility, discipline, cooperation, and diligence.

At the same time, the necessity of incorporating elements of an individual approach into the upbringing process has been scientifically substantiated. The limitations identified during the study highlight the need to further improve the upbringing process by harmonizing collective and individual approaches, as well as by
developing methodological recommendations aimed at increasing the effectiveness of educational influence.

The outcomes of this research have practical significance
for general education institutions, educational and upbringing organizations, and the training of pedagogical personnel, contributing to the overall enhancement of the upbringing process.


References

1 Al-Farabi, A. N. The Virtuous City. Tashkent: Fan Publishing House, 1993, pp. 45–52.
2.Comenius, J. A. The Great Didactic (Didactica Magna). Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing House, 1975, pp. 88–96.
3.Makarenko, A. S. The Pedagogical Poem. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing House, 1988, pp. 134–156.
4.Mavlonova, R., & Vohidova, N. Pedagogy: A Textbook for Higher Education. Tashkent: Fan va Texnologiya Publishing House, 2010, pp. 201–215.
5.Xolmatova, M. Pedagogical Foundations of Personality Development. Tashkent: Nizami Tashkent State Pedagogical University, 2015, pp. 67–79.

Poetry from Soumen Roy

Eternity 

I am the sea meant to flow, filled with glee 

My spirit juggles yet carefree 

No rocks can stop my flow 

I continue to flow forever being a song of eternity. 

I have seen so many seasons passing by

Travelled far yet lonely 

Nothing can bind me 

I can’t turn numb clinging to any sort of accessory.

I am the song that connects every heart 

I am the melodious Tanpura quenching souls sitting under a Bodhi tree 

I choose to lean in purpose flowing beyond boundaries 

I am the song of silence, healing silently.

I flow lonely although never being alone 

I smiled in silence over every cruel stone 

I am prone to mistakes flowing in my human body 

But I always choose to lean and smile with humility