RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOTNING BUGUNGI HOLATI, MUAMMO VA YECHIMLAR   

Turdimurodova Fotima 

Buxoro innovatsiyalar universiteti talabasi                                                        

email:fotimaturdimurodova7@gmail.com

Abstract

This article analyzes the emergence of the digital economy, the importance of digital technologies in the global economy and social life, the development of digital platforms, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the digital economy. Based on the analysis, several proposals have been developed to address existing problems.

Key words:

Global Internet Protokol (IP) trafigi, innovatsion platformalar, onlayn platformalar, raqamli iqtisodiyot, raqamli platformalar, raqamli transformatsiya, ‘‘Raqamli O‘zbekiston – 2030 ‘‘, robototexnika, sun’iy ong, super platformalar, tarmoq effekti, tranzaksion platformalar. 

Аннотация.

 В данной статье анализируется возникновение цифровой экономики, значение цифровых технологий в мировой экономике и обществе, развитие цифровых платформ, преимущества и недостатки цифровой экономики. На основе анализа разработаны некоторые предложения по устранению существующих проблем. 

Ключевые слова:

 глобальный интернет-протокол (IP), инновационные платформы, онлайн-платформы, цифровая экономика, цифровые платформы, цифровая трансформация, «Цифровой Узбекистан – 2030», робототехника, искусственный интеллект, «суперплатформы», сетевой эффект, транзакционные платформы.

Abstract.

 This article analyzes the emergence of the digital economy, the importance of digital technologies in the world economy and society, the development of digital platforms, the advantages and disadvantages of the digital economy. Based on the analysis, some proposals have been developed to eliminate existing problems.

Keywords:

Global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, innovative platforms, online platforms, digital economy, digital platforms, digital transformation, ‘‘Digital Uzbekistan – 2030‘‘, robotics, artificial intelligence, super platforms, network effect, transactional platforms.

Introduction

The digital revolution has transformed our lives and societies to an unprecedented extent, creating significant opportunities in the economy while also giving rise to certain challenges. The development of the digital economy is one of the priority areas for leading countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. In recent years, a new wave of development in business and the social sphere has been driven by a new generation of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, robotics, and wireless communication technologies.

New technologies can make a substantial contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals; however, the expected positive outcomes may not always be fully realized. If we aim to harness the full social and economic potential of digital technologies, it is essential to urgently enhance cooperation among states in order to prevent unintended consequences. In our country as well, special attention has begun to be paid to the development of this sector. In his Address to the Oliy Majlis on December 28, 2018, the President of the Republic, Sh. Mirziyoyev, proposed the implementation of the “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” program by 2030.

Analysis of the Relevant Literature

The concept of the digital economy was first introduced in the 1990s during the period of economic crisis in Japan by a Japanese professor. First of all, it should be noted that the digital economy consists of a chain of interrelated production and management processes, the integral element of which is the exchange of information carried out through inter-chain digital technologies (human-to-human, machine-to-machine, via cloud systems, and between data centers).

The main objectives of the digital economy program have been highlighted in the literature. The digital economy represents a form of economic activity in which data in digital form serve as the key factor in production and service delivery. By processing large volumes of information and analyzing the results of such processing, more efficient solutions are implemented in various areas, including production, service provision, technologies, devices, storage, and product delivery, compared to traditional systems.

In other words, the digital economy is an activity associated with the development of digital computer technologies, encompassing online service provision, electronic payments, e-commerce, crowdfunding, and other related fields. In our view, the digital economy is an economic activity carried out and managed through digital technologies under conditions of scarce economic resources. The main challenge facing any economic system is resource scarcity, and in the digital economy, primary attention should also be directed toward addressing this issue.

Research Methodology

In the article, comparative–evolutionary analysis is used to study the role of digital platforms in the global economy. Statistical and mathematical methods are applied to analyze the market capitalization of companies occupying higher and lower positions, as well as the development trends of transnational companies based on digital platforms. Statistical grouping and comparison methods are used to assess Internet coverage across regions. In addition, the level of Internet traffic usage in the development of the digital economy is explained on the basis of dynamic analysis.

Analysis and Results

The following advantages of the digital economy are identified; it is estimated that labor productivity may increase by up to 40%:

the digital economy has the capacity to collect, use, and analyze a very large amount of information (digital data);

• the emergence of new forms of employment delivered through online platforms;

the emergence of new forms of employment delivered through online platforms;

changes in the commercial infrastructure for specialized services as a result of digital transformation.

changes in the commercial infrastructure for specialized services as a result of digital transformation.

 The export of industrial products is increasingly dependent on ICT products and services;

New technologies, especially artificial intelligence, will inevitably bring significant changes to the labor market, including the disappearance of jobs in certain sectors and the creation of large-scale opportunities in others;

The digital economy also introduces new risks, ranging from cybersecurity breaches to facilitating illegal economic activities and threats to personal privacy. It continues to develop rapidly based on the capacity to collect, utilize, and analyze massive amounts of machine-readable data (digital data) covering almost everything. For example, global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, as a proxy for data flow, increased from 100 gigabytes (GB) per day in 1992 to 45,000 GB per second in 2017, marking only the early days of a data-driven global economy. By 2022, global IP traffic is projected to reach 150,700 GB per second.

Cost is formed when the provided data is converted into digital intelligence and monetized for commercial use. Digital platforms provide mechanisms for multiple parties to interact and collaborate online. There are transactional and innovation platforms. Transactional platforms are multi-sided markets that support exchanges between different parties through online infrastructure. These are operated by major digital corporations such as Amazon, Alibaba, Facebook, and eBay.

  Moreover, digital network-supported platforms, such as Uber, Didi Chuxing, or Airbnb, have become the primary business model for those who adopt them. Innovation platforms, such as operating systems (e.g., Android or Linux) or technology standards, provide an environment for developing applications and software packages, as well as producing code and content.

Over the past decade, numerous digital platforms based on data-driven business models have emerged worldwide, replacing existing industrial sectors. The advantage of these platforms is evident: seven out of the eight leading global companies by market capitalization rely on platform-based business models.

 The economic geography of the digital economy does not reflect the traditional North–South divide. It is largely driven by developed and consistently advancing countries, primarily the United States and China. For example, these two countries account for 75% of all patents related to blockchain technologies, 50% of global expenditures on the Internet of Things (IoT), and over 75% of the global market for widely used cloud technologies. Remarkably, they also represent 90% of the market capitalization of the world’s 70 largest digital platforms. Europe’s share is only 4%, while Africa and Latin America account for just 1%.

These are “super platforms” – Microsoft, followed by Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Tencent, and Alibaba – which together constitute two-thirds of the total market value. Consequently, in many areas of digital technological development, the rest of the world, especially Africa and Latin America, lags significantly behind the United States and China. Some of the existing trade frictions reflect the pursuit of global dominance in the latest technologies.

The value of the digital economy, as well as the creation and capture of related value, faces several challenges. First, there is no universally accepted definition of the digital economy.

 In the ICT sector, computer services constitute the largest component, accounting for 40% of added value. Secondly, in developing countries, reliable statistics on the main components and scale of this sector are lacking. Although several initiatives have been undertaken to improve the situation, they are insufficient and hinder the rapid development of the digital economy.

The size of the digital economy varies between 4.5% and 15.5% of global GDP. Regarding the added value in information and communication technologies (ICT), the United States and China together account for nearly 40% of global GDP. The share of this sector in GDP is highest in Taiwan (China), Ireland, and Malaysia.

The United States dominates the global computer services industry; its share of industrial added value in this sector exceeds the combined share of the nine largest economies. Among developing countries, India has the largest share in this regard.  

  Digital platforms are becoming increasingly significant in the global economy. The total value of platform companies with a market capitalization exceeding USD 100 million was estimated at over USD 7 trillion in 2017, a 67% increase compared to 2015. Some global digital platforms have achieved very strong market positions in specific sectors.

 Facebook accounts for two-thirds of the global social media market and is considered the leading social media platform in over 90% of the world economy. Amazon holds approximately 40% of global online retail activity, and its Amazon Web Services (AWS) also captures a similar share of the global cloud infrastructure services market. In China, WeChat (owned by Tencent) has over one billion active users, and together with Alipay (Alibaba), its payment solution has nearly dominated the entire Chinese mobile payment market. Additionally, Alibaba accounts for approximately 60% of China’s e-commerce market.

Alphabet (Google) and Microsoft have invested in telecommunications equipment by acquiring Motorola and Nokia, respectively. Large platforms have also made major acquisitions in retail, advertising, marketing, and commercial real estate sectors. The functioning of the digital economy depends on coordinated policies across many countries.

Data privacy and data security require particular attention. Laws and regulations are necessary to combat the theft of personal data, establish rules on how personal information is collected, used, transferred, or deleted, and ensure that business models based on the digital economy generate societal benefits. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into effect in May 2018, represents a globally significant, comprehensive approach to data protection.

Digitalization affects different countries in varying ways, and individual governments require policy frameworks to regulate the digital economy in order to achieve the objectives of diverse national legal and policy agendas.

 Conclusion and Recommendations

 Digital transformation has become increasingly important today, particularly in the context of the ongoing pandemic. Recognizing the role of the digital economy in national economies and its significance for global economic development, it is advisable to implement the following measures:

 Study and adopt more comprehensive support mechanisms from countries that are advancing in the digital economy;

Establish the regulatory and legal framework for the digital economy in our country;

Develop the necessary infrastructure for the digital economy, prioritizing the connection of regions with limited or no Internet access;

Improve the system for training specialists and professionals required for the digital economy;

Promote joint research initiatives among governments, civil society, academia, the scientific community, and the technology sector to identify innovative solutions;

Ensure the rational use of new technologies to redefine digital development strategies, anticipate future trends in globalization, strengthen partnerships, and enhance intellectual leadership.

References

1. Ayupov, R. X., & Baltabaeva, G. R. (2018). The digital currency market: Innovations and development prospects. Tashkent: Fan va Texnologiya. 172 pp.

2. World Trade Organization. (2019). World Trade Statistical Review 2019.

3. Kurpayanidi, K., & Ilyosov, A. (2020). Problems of the use of digital technologies in industry in the context of increasing the export potential of the country. ISJI Theoretical & Applied Science, 113–117.

4. Abdullayev, A. M., & Kurpayanidi, K. I. (2020). Analysis of industrial enterprise management systems: Essence, methodology, and problems. Journal of Critical Reviews.

5. UNCTAD. (2020). Digital 2019: Global digital overview. Value creation and capture: Implications for developing countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

6. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Digital economy. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_economy

7. XS.UZ. (n.d.). Our country’s leader proposed the implementation of the Digital Uzbekistan 2030 program. Retrieved from http://xs.uz/uzkr/post/davlatimiz-rahbari-2030-jilgacha-raqamli-ozbekiston2030-dasturini-amalga-oshirishni-taklif-etdi

8. Texnoman. (n.d.). What is the digital economy? Retrieved from https://www.texnoman.uz/post/ragamli-iatisodivot-nima.html

9. Higher School of Economics (HSE). (2019). Retrieved from https://www.hse.ru/data/2019/04/12/1178004671/2%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F

Fotima Turdimurodova is a student at Bukhara Innovations University. Her main academic interests include economics, particularly digital economy and market economy. In her article titled “Market Economy in the Digital Economy,” the author comprehensively examines current issues and existing challenges in the field. She is currently engaged in scientific research in the field of economics.

Medical and Biological Physics: The Foundation of Modern Medicine

Student: Arabboyeva Saidaxon Dilshodbek qizi

Kokand University Andijan branch  

Faculty of Medicine and Stomatology

1^st year student, Group 25_03

Phone number: +998 88 614 20 07

E-mail: saidakhonar@gmail.com

Abstract

This article discusses the importance of medical and biological physics in modern healthcare, emphasizing its role in diagnostics, therapy, and preventive medicine. It highlights how physical principles underlie many medical technologies and treatments, from imaging and radiation therapy to biomedical engineering. Understanding medical and biological physics helps healthcare professionals detect diseases early, enhance treatment effectiveness, and apply advanced technologies more efficiently.

Keywords: medical physics, biological physics, diagnostics, imaging, radiation, healthcare technology

Introduction

In recent decades, medicine has evolved rapidly through the integration of physical sciences. Medical and biological physics study the physical processes within living systems and their applications in diagnosis and treatment. Technologies such as X-ray imaging, ultrasound, laser therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are all based on fundamental principles of physics.

Medical physics enables physicians to visualize internal organs non-invasively, measure physiological parameters accurately, and develop safer, more effective therapies. Therefore, physics forms the scientific foundation of modern medicine, bridging the gap between theory and clinical practice.

Methods

This article was developed using analytical and comparative methods to explore the relationship between physics and medicine.

Literature Review: Recent national and international scientific studies on medical and biological physics were analyzed.

Comparative Analysis: The efficiency of modern diagnostic techniques (MRI, X-ray, ultrasound) was compared based on physical mechanisms.

Systematic Approach: The connections between physical laws and physiological processes were examined, emphasizing their impact on diagnostics, treatment, and innovation.

The study utilized academic publications from 2019–2024, WHO reports, and materials from the European Society of Radiology.

Results

The findings reveal that medical and biological physics play a central role in every branch of modern medicine.

Radiology applies electromagnetic radiation for imaging bones and tissues.

Ultrasound diagnostics use sound waves to visualize soft tissues safely.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) employs magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed anatomical images.

Laser therapy accelerates tissue repair and reduces pain.

These technologies demonstrate how physics enables accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and continuous improvement in healthcare quality.

Discussion

Medical physics has become a key factor in the modernization of healthcare. Artificial intelligence combined with physical diagnostic tools — such as automated image analysis in MRI or CT scans — represents a major step toward precision medicine.

Furthermore, medical physicists ensure radiation safety, equipment calibration, and quality assurance in hospitals. Meanwhile, biological physics investigates processes such as ion exchange in cell membranes, blood flow hydrodynamics, and bioelectrical activity in the nervous system. Understanding these mechanisms supports the development of new pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

The integration of physics into medicine not only improves clinical outcomes but also fosters innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers, doctors, and researchers.

Conclusion

Medical and biological physics are the cornerstones of modern medicine. They provide the theoretical and practical basis for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases using scientific precision. By mastering the laws of physics, healthcare professionals can utilize advanced technologies effectively and safely, enhancing both patient outcomes and the overall quality of care. Thus, including medical physics in medical education remains an essential component of training future physicians and researchers.

References

1.  Karimov A. Fundamentals of Medical Physics, Tashkent, 2021.

2.  Rasulov N. The Role of Biological Physics in Medicine, Uzbek Medical Journal, 2020.

3.  Hall E. Radiobiology for the Radiologist. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019.

4.  Bushberg J.T. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. Wolters Kluwer, 2021.

5.  World Health Organization (WHO). Medical Physics in Health Care, 2022.

6.  European Society of Radiology Report, 2023.

7.  Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Annual Health Report, 2024.

8.  Khan M. Modern Approaches in Biomedical Physics. Springer, 2022.

First of all, published poet and contributor Tao Yucheng is still hosting a poetry contest, open to all readers of Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Synchronized Chaos Poetry Contest: We seek short, powerful, imaginative, and strange poetry. While we welcome all forms of free verse and subject matter, we prefer concise work that makes an impact.

Guidelines: Submit up to five poems per person to taoyucheng921129@proton.me. Each poem should not exceed one page (ideally half a page or less). All styles and themes welcome. Deadline for submissions will be in early March.

Prizes: First Place: $50 Second Place: $10, payable via online transfer. One Honorable Mention. Selected finalists will be published in Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Next, poet Yucheng Tao’s new chapbook, The Mirror Image of Death, has just been released from Alien Buddha Press! People can order it here.

J.J. Campbell’s new book To Live Your Dreams is also out and available to order here.

Welcome to this month’s issue, Paying Attention.

Across poetry, fiction, essays, memoir, and scholarship, this issue asks what it means to live attentively: to create honestly, remember faithfully, love fully, and choose responsibility in an impermanent world.

Jacques Fleury honors the many contributions of Black Americans to society and argues that the United States still needs to celebrate Black History Month due to their lack of knowledge of essential history and context.

Sayani Mukherjee presents spring as both gentle and haunting, reminding us that loss and regrowth are both intimate parts of our experience. Berdirahmonova Shahlo Sherzod qizi expresses poignant longing for the return of joy and love in the spring. O’giloy Kucharova celebrates the social and natural renewal of spring as Christina Chin’s haikus evoke winter’s precarity and solitude. Brian Barbeito’s work dissolves boundaries and outlines in the dark of night and the way the rain falls everywhere, inspiring an open, receptive state of mind. His next piece evokes a chilly and aesthetically under-defined winter day.

Ma Yongbo’s wintry and tough-minded poetic cycle poses the question of what it means to keep creating when permanence and perfection may be impossible. Lan Xin’s pieces honor restraint, the diversity of life, and working with the natural rhythm of life’s seasons. Mykyta Ryzhykh calls attention to how both death and rebirth in nature bring us out of our ponderings and back to the present moment. Sterling Warner draws upon fresh and salt water and psychological and physical weather Linette Rabsatt’s poems take joy in letting go of the conscious mind and listening to the natural world as a source of inspiration. Joseph Ogbonna meditates on the stillness and inspiration of an early dawn. Gezim Basha, in work translated by Marjeta Rrapaj, celebrates tender love and living an authentic life. Yo’ldosheva Zinnura writes of the need to care for and consider our impact on the environment and climate.

Mehreen Ahmed’s work explores art, creativity, complicity, and displacement. Alan Catlin’s ekphrastic poetry crafts scenes of still life interrupted by violence and chaos. Bill Tope’s short story critiques immigration enforcement violence in the United States through the terror of one wrongly targeted victim. Kelly Moyer’s absurdist, provocative video speaks to the same topic as Leticia Garcia Bradford offers a local perspective and Pat Doyne brings strident satire to the issues of the day. Umid Najjari offers a poetic tribute to those who lost their lives in the Iranian revolution. Sungrue Han’s poems evoke alienation, dislocation, and collective and individual trauma. Mahbub Alam decries human greed and the destruction of other humans and the natural world and encourages care and respect. Virginia Aronson draws attention to modern crimes committed by government agents and by international criminal gangs, suggesting a comparison.

J.J. Campbell brings his signature blend of hard-earned cynicism and exhaustion. Scott C. Holstad snatches bits of sweetness and color from complex and artificial modern life. Türkan Ergör reminds us of our mortality and vulnerability to various human struggles. Like a wanderer tiptoeing through dimly lit rooms in a house, Carl Scharwath’s poetry moves from loss to relief to conscious acceptance of stillness. Allison Grayhurst’s poetic cycle sheds, releases, and re-forms visceral emotions. Dr. Prasanna Kumar Dalai’s work carries the quiet dignity of someone who feels deeply but speaks carefully.

Mesfakus Salahin’s work addresses the alchemical transformation of formless feeling into legible thought through poetry. Shakespeare Okuni’s poem highlights the role of ritual and performance in meaning-making. Alex Johnson sets out a manifesto for artistic openness and an aesthetic that welcomes diverse sources of inspiration. Stephen Jarrell Williams evokes life, innocence, joy, and energy in his restrained pieces. Rus Khomutoff’s piece is at once overabundant, technical, and tender, perhaps more intended to be entered into than understood.

Abbas Yusuf Alhassan’s ars poetica explores the various forms poetry takes in his mind and how inspiration hits him as an artist. Duane Vorhees probes desire, time, chance, and memory. Nurbek Norchayev meditates on nature, time, and the life of the soul. Michael Robinson’s essay is a lived testimony of fear, darkness, illness, strength, forgiveness, and survival. Maja Milojkovic speaks of her personal spirituality and closeness to God. Sarah Adeyemo also reaches for her faith for comfort and the strength to keep loving even through a time of desperation and grief. Patrick Sweeney’s one or two-line thoughts provoke head-scratching and evade easy answers. Texas Fontanella jumbles a variety of words and symbols into a static buzz. Grzegorz Wroblewski’s asemic pieces reflect a mind in motion, jumping and self-editing mid-thought from one idea to another.

Susie Gharib navigates the emotional landscape of power, voice, myth, and lived reality. Mark Young contributes a fresh set of altered technicolor Australian landscapes. Cristina Deptula observes and comments on Dianne Reeves Angel’s memoir of a creative life in film production, Every Restaurant Tells a Story. Federico Wardal celebrates the film legacy of Italian filmmaker Billy Wilder. Taylor Dibbert enjoys traveling despite occasional moments of personal embarrassment. Xo’jyozova Dildora looks to ecotourism as a way to sustainably strengthen local economies.

For travel in a more metaphorical sense, Abdugafforova Muslimaxon Akmalovna reviews Qobilon Shermatov’s fantastical children’s tale The Country Inside My Grandfather’s Stomach. This book addresses issues of personal character, as each person’s “interior” reflects who they are and how they behave.

Other authors look at individual and collective character and moral choice. Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s poems express her hopes for peace, understanding, compassion, and humanity. Gordana Saric echoes that hope, wishing for worldwide love, understanding, and reconciliation. Maftuna Sultonova reminds us of the infinite value and dignity of each person. Nigora Baxtiyorova analyzes infidelity as a theme in Uzbek literature. Xasanova Aziza Kumushbek qizi peers into even more Uzbek literature and finds a timeless warning about how one’s life and dignity matter even more than one’s reputation and fame. Journalist Elisa Mascia interviews Azerbaijani author Jakhongir Nomozov and he affirms the need for authors to master their craft and speak their truth regardless of passing fads or popularity. Solid work will stand the test of time.

Dr. Jernail S. Anand suggests that a complete education not only teaches technical skills but also how to be a decent human being. Kodirova Shakhzoda highlights the cultural importance of Uzbekistan’s cultural values of compassion, courtesy, respect for nature, and courage.

Dr. Barbaros İrdelmen mourns love lost to human and societal pettiness, and to death. Bill Tope and Doug Hawley co-present a tale of loss, guilt, and redemption. Mehrinoz Tursunova’s bittersweet love poem prepares for an impending separation. Eshmatova Marjona Kamol qizi outlines ways social service systems can intervene to support children from dysfunctional families. Nurboboyeva Dilshoda Nodir qizi evaluates the psychological effects of divorce on children and suggests ways to help them through the transition.

Dildoraxon Turg’unboyeva reflects on childhood memories and her love for her departed grandfather. Gulsevar Mirzamahmudova honors her hardworking migrant laborer father for his care and determination, reflecting on how she misses him.

Malohat Ahmadjonova expresses love and gratitude for the hard work and dedication of her parents, who made sure she dressed well and received an education. Mashrabxo’jayeva Feruzakhon offers gratitude for the steady love and care of her parents. Nurullayeva Nigora Nurmurod qizi’s poem expresses her love and care for her mother, who has given her so much. Ismoilova Sarvinoz reflects on how much her parents have loved her over time and how she wishes to return the favor as they age. Shafkat Aziz Hajam fondly remembers the freedom and wonder of childhood, made possible by his caring parents.

Islamova Dilnoza Khamidovna gives thanks for a caring and steady friend as Rukhshona Khamzayeva shares her gratitude for a dedicated teacher. Zarifaxon Holiboyeva reflects on missing her family and her classmates in a young student’s piece full of tender affection. Toshpulatova Mehribonu Sherbek qizi rejoices in the love of her sweet sister. Alisherova Hurmatoy reflects on the power of her lover’s kind words to calm her spirit. Graciela Noemi Villaverde draws on elegant nature-inspired imagery to express her love. Chinese academic Bai Gengsheng pays tribute to his loyal and hardworking wife, acknowledging that her steady support over many years made his accomplishments possible.

Aziza Xasanova compares waiting for the unfolding of love to allowing a fig tree to leaf out in its season. Lan Xin’s epic, mytho-romantic piece affirms the choice of embodied and temporal love over transcendence and divinity.

Ozodbek Narzullayev’s verse expresses adoration for his country as if it were his lover. Jahongirova Gulhayo Jahongirovna’s rhyming poem pays tribute to a man of deep loyalty, patriotism and integrity. Abduganiyev Shexrozbek discusses the inter-related nature of the Uzbek national concept, legal system, and spiritual values in shaping the culture.

Kudratova Nozima Bahromovna explores the narrative style of Uzbek writer To’gay Murod. Madina Jorayeva’s essay highlights the contributions of translator and critic Ozod Sharafiddinov to Uzbek and world heritage and literature. Shahnoza Ochildiyeva translates Ozod Sharafiddinov’s essay celebrating and analyzing the literary value of poet and translator Abdulhamid Sulaymon og‘li Cho‘lpon’s contributions to Uzbek literature. Nargiza Masharipova celebrates the cultural interchanges made possible by the migration of the world’s peoples. Sultonaliyeva Go’zaloy outlines some of the factors encouraging and driving migration. Ubaydullayeva Saodat celebrates the literary artistry and truth-telling of one of Uzbekistan’s greatest poets, Alexander Feinberg. Xayrullayeva Zahro suggests ways to preserve the high literary quality of the Uzbek language and not lose it to abbreviations and modernisms. Rizoqulova Parvina Ramzovna analyzes the relation between language and culture.

Munavvar Tlewbaeva speaks of the comfort she finds by reading books by authors who understand and write of her feelings. Odinaxon Qodirova highlights ways to encourage young people to read. Yusupboyeva Madina rejoices in the persistence of reading culture among young people. Turgunova Kh. suggests strategies for teachers to effectively communicate with young Generation Z students.

Karimova Navbaxar Mahmudjanovna suggests strategies for encouraging creative thinking in children. Jorabek Muhammadolimov raises awareness of how too much scrolling and flipping online can lead to difficulty concentrating. Choriyeva Oynur warns of the consequences of overuse of smartphones and the Internet. Roziboyeva Asilakhon speaks against digital surveillance and fear-driven self-censorship.

Isroilova Sarvinoz Maxmud qizi discusses how to use educational tools to teach young children mathematical concepts. Barnoxon Baxtiyorjon Yoqubova considers strategies for integrating physical play with learning arithmetic. Amirqulova Gulsevar discusses digital innovations in education. Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi highlights the enlightened wisdom and teaching of Uzbek children’s educator Abdulla Avloni. Lazokat Ortigaliyevna Pirmatova relates how participating in competitive mental arithmetic helped her to develop confidence and the ability to think on her feet.

Nilufar Ibroximova suggests how new Uzbek textbooks could be crafted and used to help young children develop critical thinking. Norquolova Madina highlights the value of learning a second language. Haydarova Mehribon outlines various methods for learning the Mandarin Chinese language, coupled with history and background of the tongue. Mansurova Shahnoza parses the finer points of verb conjugation in French as Xurramova Farangiz compares the process in French and Uzbek. Masharipova Sayyora compares proverbs in French and Uzbek and how they reveal cultural values. Nilufar Mo’ydinova outlines techniques for learning German through approaches from the field of translation. Najmiddinova Mekhrigul Najmiddin qizi delves into the intricacies of language translation. Abdurahimova Anora’s essay considers the impact of one’s first language on the process of learning a second language. Mengboyeva Baxtiniso Mamatqobilovna highlights the value of language teachers’ maintaining a culture of competence in spoken language.

Several contributors work and research in the language of other academic and professional disciplines. Lutfullayeva Shaxrizoda Faruxjon qizi outlines the current state of pneumonia diagnosis and treatment in young children. Mansurov Abdulaziz Abdullox ugli highlights the importance of preventive dental care in children. Fahriddin Akramov’s essay describes treatment for a variety of neurological conditions. Mamatqulova Mukarram Nuriddin qizi speaks to the life and academic stresses students endure and how to protect their mental health. Nasulloyeva Feruzabonu Akmalovna discusses the nature of scientific innovation and how to encourage it in Central Asia. Durdona Sharifovna Roziboyeva discusses the effects of the Herbst dental appliance on the upper airway.

Eshmurodova Sevinch explicates methods of improving deposit mobilization policies in commercial banks. Iroda Sobirova outlines basic principles of supply and demand in a market economy. Sobirova Iroda Abdulaziz qizi highlights strategies to foster innovative entrepreneurship. Mamadaliyeva O’giloy asserts her power and determination to become successful in academics and business.

Baxshilloyeva Nigina Bahodir qizi offers inspiration to young women seeking to live their dreams. Axmetova Dilnura Po’lat qizi outlines the historical and contemporary role of women in Central Asian societies. Sevinch Farxodova highlights the importance of gender equality and initiatives to that extent in Uzbekistan.

Shahnoza Pulatova Makhmudjanovna outlines and describes how Uzbek society is modernizing politically, economically, and socially. Dilafruz Muhammadjonova expresses fervent pride in and hope for Uzbekistan and the desire for the nation’s youth to rise up and take their place. Priyanka Neogi outlines ways to overcome depression and apathy and keep working towards one’s goals. Ziyoda Murodilova highlights the importance of internal motivation and determination for students to achieve their goals. https://synchchaos.com/essay-from-orzigul-sherova-4/Orzigul Sherova presents, in a similar vein, her secrets to success through passion and hard work.

We hope that this issue inspires you to create your place in the world with intention and joy.

Termez State Pedagogical Institute

Faculty of Preschool Education

Student of Group 104

AMIRQULOVA GULSEVAR 

Innovations in Education, Digital Transformation, and Pedagogical Technologies

ABSTRACT

In recent years, a large number of reforms have been implemented in our country, especially in the field of education. As a result of these reforms, modern teaching methods, digital transformation, and innovative pedagogical technologies have been introduced in all educational institutions, including vocational schools, general secondary and specialized secondary education institutions, as well as higher education institutions. Regardless of the type of education system, the state has created numerous favorable conditions for young people.

This article examines the essence, advantages, and disadvantages of the digital transformation process in education.

Keywords:

education system, innovation, digital transformation, innovative technologies, socio-pedagogical knowledge, educational innovations, educational process, effective organization of the learning process.

The education system plays a crucial role in the development of society. In the 21st century, digital technologies and innovations have brought education to a new level. Digital transformation refers to the introduction of digital technologies in all aspects of the education system and their effective application in the teaching and learning process. The impact of digital transformation on the education system leads to new forms of learning and teaching activities for both students and teachers.

Digital transformation is a process of fundamental reform of all sectors, including education, through the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Uzbekistan is also one of the rapidly developing countries in this direction, where the widespread implementation of innovative technologies in education has become a priority of the national development strategy. The Presidential Resolution No. PQ-118 dated February 28, 2022, specifically emphasizes the development of the digital economy and the extensive use of ICT in all sectors, particularly in education. This has created a legal and institutional foundation for improving the quality of education in Uzbekistan based on modern technologies.

In the field of education, digital transformation involves the implementation of modern ICT at all stages of the educational process and the integration of traditional teaching methods with innovative technologies. This transformation contributes to improving the quality of education and developing students’ independent thinking, creative approaches, and problem-solving skills.

Digital transformation primarily simplifies the learning process and makes it more convenient, interactive, and learner-centered. For example, Learning Management System (LMS) platforms are used to deliver educational materials, monitor assignments, and conduct assessments through automated systems. This not only saves teachers’ time but also enables analytical monitoring of students’ learning activities.

Let us consider the advantages and challenges of digital transformation.

Advantages:

Access to education anytime and anywhere.

Opportunities for individualized learning.

Effective assessment and analysis.

Diversity of educational resources.

Challenges:

Uneven development of internet infrastructure.

Low level of digital literacy among teachers.

Reduction of face-to-face communication among students.

High cost of digital technologies.

Digital transformation in education also expands opportunities for open educational resources, online courses, and distance learning. Regardless of geographical or social barriers, students gain access to high-quality educational resources from anywhere in the world. This contributes to the democratization and inclusiveness of education.

However, digital transformation also presents certain challenges. These include insufficient internet infrastructure in some regions, limited professional capacity in the use of digital technologies, and inadequate ICT training among teachers. In addition, excessive reliance on digital tools may lead to decreased student concentration and a lack of real interpersonal communication, which can have negative consequences.

Digital transformation not only improves the quality of education but also enhances the intellectual potential of society as a whole.

Educational innovations refer to a set of forms, methods, and technologies applied to solve existing problems in the education sector or learning process through new approaches, ensuring significantly more effective results. Educational innovations are also referred to as innovative education. The concept of innovative education was first introduced in 1979 at the Club of Rome. Educational innovations can be classified as follows:

According to the field of activity: innovations applied in the pedagogical process and in the management of the education system.

According to the nature of changes introduced: radical, modified, and combined innovations.

According to the scale of changes: sectoral, modular, and system-level innovations.

According to the source of origin: innovations created or adopted directly by a collective.

The key difference between innovation and ordinary novelty is that innovation must have a flexible mechanism that allows for management and control. When discussing innovative pedagogical technologies, it is essential to consider the concept of pedagogical technology. The term “pedagogical technology” entered scientific use in 1872 in connection with technological progress and originates from the Greek words techne (art, skill, craft) and logos (science), meaning “the science of skill.”

Pedagogical technology represents the strategy for implementing information technologies and is based on knowledge related to the functional system laws of the “educational environment – learner.” The structure of pedagogical technology includes a conceptual foundation, the content of the educational process, and the technological process. Each pedagogical technology is based on a specific scientific concept. Its scientific concept encompasses philosophical, psychological, socio-pedagogical, and didactic foundations aimed at achieving educational goals.

The content of the educational process consists of general and specific objectives and the content of learning materials. The technological process includes the organization of the learning process, the activities of the teacher and students, methods of managing the educational process, and learning diagnostics.

Pedagogical technology is a field of knowledge in which values such as freedom of thought, loyalty, humanism, and patriotism are cultivated in both teachers and students. In modernized education, contemporary lessons are essential to consistently and comprehensively develop students’ knowledge and potential.

At the same time, extensive efforts are being made in our country to apply pedagogical and information technologies in the educational process. The scientific and theoretical foundations of this issue, as well as the specific features of each pedagogical technology, have been developed, and sufficient practical experience has been accumulated. Foreign organizations also provide close support in implementing pedagogical and information technologies in education.

In G.K. Selevko’s textbook “Modern Educational Technologies,” various technologies used in the educational process are compiled, along with their scientific-theoretical and methodological foundations, classification, and mechanisms for practical application.

References

Karimov, I.A. High Spirituality Is an Invincible Force. Tashkent: Ma’naviyat, 2008, 176 p.

Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” Strategy and Resolution No. PQ-4883 dated October 5, 2020, on its implementation.

Abdullayeva, M., Komilov, F. Information and Communication Technologies. Tashkent: Science and Technology, 2021, 200 p.

Anarbayeva, F.U., Abdullayeva, M.V. Digital Transformation of the Higher Education System in the Context of the Digital Economy. The Journal of Economics, Finance and Innovation, 2023.

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THE INFLUENCE OF MOTHER TONGUE ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Uzbekistan State University of World Languages

English language and literature faculty 

Group-2406 student Abdurahimova Anora 

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8510-8065

Email: anoraxonabdurahimova@gmail.com                                                                    

+998 33 316 47 17

ANNOTATION: The article will scientifically analyze the mastery of English and the influence of the native language on this process. The mother tongue is one of the most important aspects that affect the acquisition of English, and it determines how perfectly we master this language. The advantages or disadvantages that the native language creates during the process of learning a second language are also clearly illustrated with several examples. The result of the study provides a comprehensive statement of the advantages of the native language and the disadvantages of the learners’ language learning process for English learners.

KEYWORDS: mother tonguage, second language acquisition, foreign language teaching, pronunciation difficulties, grammatical interference, bilingualism, positive and negative development, learning strategies, English language learning. 

ANNOTATSIYA: Maqolada ingliz tilini o’zlashtirish va ona tilining bu jarayonga bo’lgan ta’siri ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Ona tili ingliz tilini o’zlashtirishga ta’sir qiluvchi eng muhim jihatlardan biri bo’lib, u qanchalik bu tilni mukammal o’zlashtirishimizni belgilab beradi. Shuningdek, ikkinchi tilni o’rganish jarayonida ona tili yaratadigan qulayliklar yoki qiyinchiliklar bir qancha misollar bilan aniq yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijasi ingliz tili o’rganuvchilarga ona tilining afzalliklari va o’rganuvchilarning til o’rganish jarayonidagi kamchiliklari haqida to’liq bayonot beradi.

KALIT SO’ZLAR: ona tili, ikkinchi tilni o’zlashtirish, chet tillarini o’qitish, talaffuzdagi qiyinchiliklar, grammatik aralashuv, ikki tilli, ijobiy va salbiy rivojlanish, o’rganish strategiyalari, ingliz tilini o’rganish.

АННОТАЦИЯ: В статье будет проведен научный анализ овладения английским языком и влияния родного языка на этот процесс. Родной язык является одним из важнейших аспектов, влияющих на овладение английским языком, и от него зависит, насколько в совершенстве мы овладеваем этим языком. Преимущества или недостатки, которые создает родной язык в процессе изучения второго языка, также наглядно иллюстрируются несколькими примерами. Результат исследования дает исчерпывающее представление о преимуществах родного языка и недостатках процесса изучения языка учащимися, изучающими английский язык.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: родной язык, овладение вторым языком, обучение иностранному языку, трудности с произношением, грамматические помехи, двуязычие, позитивное и негативное развитие, стратегии обучения, изучение английского языка.

INTRODUCTION

Today, the desire to learn a language is growing, one of which is English. There are many problems that learners face on this path. For example, pronunciation problems, grammatical errors, difficulty understanding listening, low self-confidence, and inability to communicate freely. All of these problems are inherent in the native language of each learner, which means that the native language can have a positive effect on the process of mastering the English language and can help solve problems. It is clear that this article proves how effective the mother tongue is in teaching English and provides useful suggestions.

Nowadays, there are many opportunities for language learners, especially English learners. An example of this is that linguists who have achieved 7.0 and a high score in the IELTS exam in Uzbekistan have been reimbursed for the cost of the exam, and the opportunity for foreign universities to win a full grand can also open this very English. As our president explained: “it’s time to establish a new environment in which the future will be the foundation for teaching foreign languages.” Therefore, this article presents the results of effective, useful, and beneficial research towards creating this environment.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The extent to which the native language affects the process of second language learning during this introduction has been determined through several methods:

1. Theoretical analysis: with the help of this method, an analysis of scientific works and articles, tutorials on the role and importance of the native language in mastering English was studied in depth. The research of researchers such as David Nunan, the valuable information they gave, the concepts were analyzed one by one.
2. Observational and applied research: the shortcomings or achievements of young people whose native language is other in the learning process of English have been meticulously observed, and the difference between the two has been clearly demonstrated.
3. Experimental group and control group: two other groups with the first language were selected and approaches and guidelines in their language learning process were established. The results shown were compared in each group.
4. Survey and evaluation: questionnaires were distributed and the results were compared to those who were knowledgeable and received about the impact of their native language on the second language learning process.

REVIEW OF USED LITERATURE

This topic is much more relevant now that the passion for learning a language is high. Also, the work of all the researchers who worked within the framework of this topic was analyzed one by one Also, the work of all the researchers who worked within the framework of this topic was analyzed one by one. Obviously, the problems of several language learners have also been solved in a positive way, but to this day no new ideas for the distribution of new methods, a separate group or teachers have been developed, depending on the native language of the students and to what extent they know the grammar of this language. It is very easy to find out from their result that the work of the researchers mentioned earlier was also thorough, consistent and negative.

Focusing on foreign sources Do Quoc Khanh, on the other hand, shares his experience with 100 readers in his article and touches on their origins, problems in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary. Another researcher Kuldashev Rustambek Avezmurodovich mentions that the native language plays an important role not only in language learning, but also in teaching, and focuses more on the useful aspects of the native language that the English language gives to the learning process. 

RESULTS

This section introduces the outcome of the above-mentioned experiences and compares young people with two different native languages. The results show that students who know languages whose grammar, position in the sentence structure English is the same, have a 20% higher language acquisition process efficiency than other learners. The role and significance of the first language is also felt when working with the group is given in this study. In addition, the results of a survey from teachers and students show that 80% of people have assessed that the learning process of English is influenced by the first language of the learner. The result of the study:

A total of 80% of people shown in blue and they consider their native language important in the language learning process. The people shown in yellow consider effort and exploration important in the process of learning a language. The percentage of people who prioritize motivation is in gray.

CONCLUSION

It is clear that the learner’s first language has an impact on their language acquisition process. The grammar, pronunciation, and word order of a learner’s native language can make learning a new language easier. It is clear that along with a passion for language learning, motivation, and relentless efforts, first language is important for language learning. The results of research, scientific works, and studies show that language is a social phenomenon, and the first language a learner acquires determines their subsequent language acquisition process.

We can say that the first language of the learner brings with it opportunities or challenges, depending on what it is. It is undeniable that each language has its own opportunities or challenges. If I offer suggestions and recommendations, the method of grouping learners based on their first language can facilitate the language acquisition process and provide several opportunities.

REFERENCES

1. Nguyen, M. T., & Do, Q. K. (2025). The influence of mother tongue on English language acquisition: A case study at Nguyen Tat Thanh University. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v28i1.38
2. Kuldashev, R. A., & Shabonova, S. B. (2024). The role of mother tongue in teaching foreign languages. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.5281/
3. Nguyen, D. T. T. (2020). The roles of mother tongue in enhancing English language acquisition in English-policy classes. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and Translation, 6(4), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijalt.20200604.11
4. Raut, B. B. (2024). Influence of mother tongue on English language learning in the EFL context of Nepal. GS WOW: Wisdom of Worthy Research Journal, 3(2), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542586
5. Kotipalli, N. D. (2025). A study on the role of mother tongue in English language acquisition among rural learners. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 6(8), 1499–1502. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0825.2914
6. Asad, M. (2025). The impact of mother tongue interference on English syntax: A case study of EFL students at Technical College, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Language, Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 4(3), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.59690/ijlllc.v4i03.018