Teaching speech activity

Student of Andijan State Institute of  Foreign Languages

Tursunxo’jayeva Malika Abdusamat qizi

abdusamadovnamalika@gmail.com

932412315

Supervisor:Kadirova Nargiza

Abstract: This article analyzes the types of speech activity, their interrelation and teaching methods. Effective ways of forming correct, logical and clear speech in students will be considered. Psychological and linguistic foundations of speech types, as well as strategies for their development are widely covered.

Keywords: speech activity, teaching methodology, speaking, written speech, listening skills, reading skills

Speech activity is the main means of communication of a person. Through language, people exchange ideas, interact and gain knowledge. The teacher’s task is to thoroughly form all types of speech activity in students, to teach them clear, correct and expressive thinking in oral and written form.

The main types of speech activity include:

1. Listening comprehension (listening skills): Formation of students’ ability to correctly perceive and understand the spoken text.

It is based on hearing dialogues and monologues.

2. Speaking (verbal expression): The ability to express one’s thoughts independently and logically.

It is taught through dialogue, conversation, storytelling exercises.

3. Reading: Reading the text with comprehension and understanding of its content. Methods of reading texts of different genres and drawing conclusions from them are used.

4. Writing: Expressing one’s opinion clearly in written form. It is developed through dictations, essay writing, preparation of briefs and abstracts.

The interdependence of speech activity

Types of speech are closely related: Listening, understanding and speaking are the basis of dialogical communication. Reading and writing are tools that reinforce and develop knowledge.

Oral and written speech complement each other.

Therefore, in the development of each type of speech, it is also necessary to take advantage of the other’s specific characteristics and capabilities.

Basic methods of teaching speech activity

1. Step-by-step approach: Learning from easy to complex, concrete to abstract.

2. Communication-oriented methodology: Activation of speech through practice activities, role-plays, communication tasks.

3. Interactive methods: To ensure active participation through “mental attack”, “Debate”, “Cluster” techniques.

4. Differential approach: Organize classes with students’ individualities in mind.

We will explain the activity of speech in terms of the main parts.

1. What is speech activity? Speech activity is the process of a person expressing his mind and communicating with others through language. It combines psychological and linguistic activity.

The main types of speech activity:

Understanding by listening (receiving by hearing)

Speak (spoken expression)

Reading (perception of written speech)

Writing (express an idea in written form)

These four skills are the main pillars of speech activity.

2. The purpose of teaching speech activity. Teaching the student / pupil to think completely and clearly, develop oral and written speech skills, form a culture of communication, teach the practical use of the language.

3. Basic principles of teaching speech activity.

Phased: Moving from simple to complex

Activity and Independence: Encouraging students to think actively and independently

Motivation: To keep the reader interested, to make the need for communication

Communication orientation: Speaking skills are developed only through live communication

Repetition and Practice: Build Skills

4. Methods of teaching speech activity

Creating Dialogues: Practice Using Real Situations

Role-playing games: Acting out communication situations

Work on Text: Read the text and then comment and discuss

Q&A method: Teaching to ask a question and respond to it clearly, concisely

Describe and narrate: Provide an incentive to talk in detail about an event or subject

Debates and debates: Developing speech by exchanging ideas on a specific topic

5. Tools for the development of speech activities: audiovisual materials (film, audiobook, podcast), game tasks (puzzles, language games), interactive programs (online platforms, simulation programs), didactic materials (postcards, picture tasks).

6. Aspects of teaching speech activity: increasing the vocabulary (teaching more words), paying attention to grammatical correctness, not interpreting, the formation of free expression skills, the correct orientation of pronunciation and intonation, ensuring logical consistency and harmony of thought.

7. Speech activity and age characteristics: Teaching on the basis of play and imitation in young children is effective. And in adolescents and adults, discussion and free-expression activities are more beneficial.

8. Problems and Their Troubleshooting

In conclusion, teaching speech is an integral part of the language learning process. To teach these activities effectively, it is necessary to use communicative, interactive, and cognitive approaches. Speech development is important not only grammar and lexical knowledge, but also the development of skills for participation in communication, exchange of ideas and application of the language in real life. For teachers, there is a need to choose the right methods when working with students, correct speech errors and increase motivation.

The main problems in teaching speech activity, for example, may be lack of motivation or difficulty learning the language in extended topics, but effective solutions can be found to solve these problems by using new techniques, especially technology.

In addition, the integration of modern methods and approaches to teaching speech activities allows students to fully develop their communicative skills in the language. Combining the methodological recommendations, knowledge and experience presented in Uzbek and world literature in teaching speech activity can make the process of learning a language more effective and meaningful.

In general, teaching speech activity is one of the most important and exciting areas of language learning, and for the successful organization of this process, it is important to strengthen interaction and cooperation between teachers and students.

                                    References

1. T. Tursunov — Fundamentals of Speech Culture and Methodology, Tashkent, 2009.

2. Sh. Shoabdurakhmanov — Methods of teaching the Uzbek language, Tashkent, 1992.

3. G. Dadaboeva — Theory and practice of language teaching, Tashkent, 2017.

4. Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan — Teaching Manual for the Development of Speech Activities, 2020.

5. H. H. Stern — Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching, Oxford University Press, 1983.

6. D. Hymes — Communicative Competence, 1972.

7. S. Krashen — The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications, Longman, 1985.

8. J. Harmer — The Practice of English Language Teaching, Longman, 2001.

9. L. Vygotsky — Thought and Language, MIT Press, 1986.

10. G. Abdurakhmonova — Methods of teaching written speech, Tashkent, 2015.

11. A. Mamajonov — Speech and Communication: Theoretical Foundations, Tashkent, 2010.

12. M. Yuldashev — Communicative approach in teaching languages, Tashkent, 2018.

13. Sh. Mustaqimov — Uzbek language teaching methodology, Tashkent, 2003.

14. P. M. J. Firth — Papers in Linguistics 1934–1951, 1957.

15. A. Savignon — Communicative Language Teaching: State of the Art, 1983.

16. R. Ellis — Second Language Acquisition, Oxford University Press, 1997.

17. M. Canale & M. Swain — Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing, Applied Linguistics, 1980.

……………H…………………………….

………………….O………………………..

……………………….M…………………..

…………………………….E……………..

When i flip  through the pages 

of the earth i found the memories of how we

 dance to the songs of our fathers death and 

we buried  their smile in a blind home 

Grief is now our blood line

because our home now dances to the rhymes 

of dead songs and we care no more about 

 our ancestral  promises

We walk on the lines of injustices

and darkness now houses on our skin

for we no longer know our names

and our body now float on blood

Our feet  walk on fire for we say

it cool our body  and 

carved our body like portrait 

of lifeless bird soaring on the sky

…………………….H…………………………

………………………….O……………………

………………………………..M……………..

……………………………………..E…………

This is a poem about my home…

A dream…

becomes reality

The Hero’s Path

Once upon a time there was a girl full of dreams and hopes.

He liked mountain climbing and walking in the mountains.

Iro was a great soul, she loved animals, birds, trees, nature, and exploring the forest.

So one day in Politika, she discovered a Hero’s Path, unique, that no one knew about…no one had walked it except her.

Iro decided to share her path with friends and confided in her parents about her big dream.

I would like to create a path where everyone can take a walk in nature, but they will be able to admire the trees, the birds, children will be able to come into contact with nature and play, and climbers will be able to do their favorite sport.

“We’ll do it,” both parents said happily.

But the evil wizard who lived far away on a rock, did not let the beautiful Hero live her dream. He sent a dragon darker than him and wounded her in the chest with disease.

Our Hero fought, as a heroine, every day, every moment, every minute with armies of dark forces.

Unfortunately, her heart was weak…she didn’t make it.

But her soul, by the grace of God, transformed into a butterfly 

and she stayed on her favorite Hero’s path, along with her parents, greeting passersby.

So one summer month, I and other friends met, with the aim of reciting poems about Irene, at the Hero’s Theater.

We had a great time and everything was done with love and respect.

When at the end the abbess of the Monastery of Panagia of Perivleptou, Mariam, sang a wonderful song dedicated to Iro’s mother, Giorgos Chryssi Marangou, we all gasped.

Our story does not end here, I had to, as President of Greece, representative for the Mil Mentes Por Mexico association International, share the wonderful event that we organized with the help and support of George Pratzikos, Iro’s family and all the wonderful poets who took part…

I should have shared it with the President.

DrA Jeanette Eureka Tiburcio of the organization and of course I talked to them about the Hero’s Path, Hero’s parents, their wonderful work who, with effort, love and respect for their child’s dream… have created a wonderful marked path, friendly to everyone.

In November at the largest event, held in Rome by two organizations

Global federation of leadership and high intelligence Mexico and Unacc India, at the Pontifical University Antonianum, Rome

50 important women from around the world were awarded for their contributions to culture and literature, as well as for their general contribution to their country.

Chrissi Marangou was among the 50 important women and I feel proud to have nominated her for this very important award that has now found its place in the

Path of the Hero.

I feel proud to be an Ambassador of the Hero’s Path, and I continue to promote all the events and all the needs of …

I feel proud and deeply grateful that my own poem dedicated to the heroine, for me Hero, also found its place, and the visitor, ascending for the first route, can read my poem, The Butterfly 

Then, leave a few flowers or say a prayer at the Hero’s monument and then let his soul fly there among the trees.

Thank you to everyone who did this wonderful job, including the graphic designer Ms. Kanari.

the people who continue to work on the Hero’s Path.

The parents of Giorgos Chryssi Marangou who continue…and dream

Abbess Mariam

I suggest you take a trip to Politika, Psachna, Evia.

Give a big hug to Chrissi Marangou and George

Go to the Monastery of Panagia Perivleptou and light two candles.

Maine

I see the ship that took me through the gates of Erebus, and down into sulfurous Tartarus.

It had flown through the cold air for three thousand miles, 

Far away from my cold Ithaca,

Just to deliver me to the warm air of suffering.

I was obligated to come here, too this burning place

Without a choice, without the ability to opt out.

Forced to endure hard earthed grounds, and sleep deprivation.

Without the ability to bargain with Hades.

My attempts to rest are broken by the Erinyes,

ripping at my soft flesh, my knees shattering under their whips.

I wait a month for my freedom, a break from my shackles.

For the φθινόπωρο, for Eurus to carry me home on soft autumnal winds.

For the return to my cold Ithaca.  

There is a conversation between souls that only the heart can hear (English Version)

The meeting of souls… a language only the heart understands

In a time filled with noise, silence is sometimes the most eloquent means of understanding. In a world governed by material relationships and false appearances, the meeting of souls still holds a profound secret that cannot be explained or written about, but rather felt and experienced.

What is the meeting of souls?

It is a feeling that cannot be begged for or contrived. When you meet another soul, you feel comfortable with them without prior acquaintance, and you feel as if they have been inside you for a long time. You know them, and they know you, they hear you without speaking, and they sense you even from thousands of miles away. It is that silent understanding, a harmony that needs no justification, and a presence that does not ask for permission.

Souls meet before bodies

Ibn al-Qayyim, may God have mercy on him, said: “Souls are conscripted soldiers. Those that recognize each other will get along, and those that do not recognize each other will disagree.”

This statement clearly indicates that souls may reunite before their companions’ bodies meet in this world, as if there were a previous world where good souls reunited. When they meet on earth, they recognize each other without warning.

The meeting of souls is not bound by time.

You may meet someone for a single moment and feel closer to them than anyone you’ve known for decades. You may spend years with others without feeling any real connection with them. Meetings are not governed by time, but by honesty, transparency of feelings, and purity of intention.

Is it love? Friendship? Or something deeper?

The meeting of souls cannot be summed up in a single mold. It may be love, friendship, or a fleeting relationship that remains etched in the memory. But it always leaves an indelible mark on the soul and teaches us that the most beautiful bonds are built not with words, but with sincere feelings.

Why do we long for certain souls?

Because, quite simply, our souls know who they like and are drawn to those who are similar to them. We may miss someone we haven’t spent enough time with, but we have experienced a rare, unforgettable feeling with them.

In conclusion…

The meeting of souls is a divine gift that doesn’t come every day, or with just anyone. It’s a hidden blessing and a reminder that what unites people is much deeper than appearance, name, or circumstances.

If you find someone who you feel is similar in spirit to you, hold on to them and be honest with them. That moment may not happen twice.

تلاقي الأرواح… لغة لا يفهمها إلا القلب

في زمنٍ امتلأ بالضجيج، بات الصمت أحيانًا أبلغ وسيلة للفهم. وفي عالم تحكمه العلاقات المادية والمظاهر الزائفة، لا يزال تلاقي الأرواح يحمل سرًا عميقًا لا يُفسر ولا يُكتب، بل يُحَسّ ويُعاش.

ما هو تلاقي الأرواح؟

هو شعور لا يُستَجدى ولا يُفتعل. حين تلتقي بروحٍ أخرى فترتاح لها دون سابق معرفة، وتشعر وكأنها كانت في داخلك منذ زمن، تعرفها وتعرفك، تَسمعك دون أن تتكلم، وتشعر بك ولو من خلف آلاف الأميال. إنه ذلك التفاهم الصامت، الانسجام الذي لا يحتاج لتبرير، والحضور الذي لا يطلب إذنًا.

الأرواح تتلاقى قبل الأجساد

قال ابن القيم رحمه الله: “الأرواح جنود مجندة، ما تعارف منها ائتلف، وما تناكر منها اختلف.”

وفي هذا القول إشارة واضحة إلى أن الأرواح قد تتآلف قبل أن تتلاقى أجساد أصحابها في الدنيا، وكأن هنالك عالمًا سابقًا تآلفت فيه الأرواح الطيبة، فحين تلتقي في الأرض، تميّز بعضها البعض دون مقدمات.

تلاقي الأرواح لا يرتبط بالزمن

قد تلتقي شخصًا للحظة واحدة، فتشعر أنه أقرب إليك من كل من عرفتهم لعقود. وقد تمضي مع آخرين أعوامًا، دون أن تشعر معهم بأي تواصل حقيقي. فالتلاقي لا يحكمه الزمن، بل الصدق، وشفافية المشاعر، ونقاء النية.

هل هو حب؟ صداقة؟ أم شيء أعمق؟

تلاقي الأرواح لا يمكن أن يُختصر في قالبٍ واحد. فقد يكون حبًا، وقد يكون صداقة، وقد يكون علاقة عابرة تبقى محفورة في الذاكرة. لكنه دائمًا يترك في النفس أثرًا لا يُمحى، ويعلمنا أن أجمل الروابط لا تُبنى بالكلام، بل بالشعور الصادق.

لماذا نشتاق لأرواح بعينها؟

لأن أرواحنا، ببساطة، تعرف من يطيب لها، وتنجذب لمن يشبهها. وقد نشتاق إلى من لم نعش معه وقتًا كافيًا، لكننا عشنا معه شعورًا نادرًا، لا يمكن نسيانه.

في الختام…

تلاقي الأرواح هو منحة إلهية، لا تأتي كل يوم، ولا مع أي أحد. هي رزق خفي، وتذكير لنا أن ما يجمع البشر أعمق بكثير من الشكل أو الاسم أو الظروف.

فإن وجدت من تشعر بأنه يشبهك روحًا، فتمسك به، وكن صادقًا معه، فقد لا تتكرر تلك اللحظة مرتين.

Truss tissues

“Believe me,” he said;

which meant I im-

mediately didn’t. &

that more a testament

to my cynicism than to

his lack of credibility.

A done deal

He refused to talk

about the past.  It’s

a done deal he

would say, something

you cannot change

even if you wanted

to.  That was the

public face. Privately

he was reinventing it,

rearranging it in a way

that made it more

palatable to remember,

more profitable for a

later presentation.

A Mango Mantra

      i.m. RKS

It is the longest night of the year.

I am thinking of you tonight. A

circuitous route as to how I got

here, starting off by turning poems

over in my head, one in particular

coming to mind, no special significance

in it, apart from the time of writing.

Tipping & I intoning a mango mantra

onto a tape which we sent off, a variety of

intonations as in man go, woman goes also,

through to Vincent Man Gogh. & then

the thought of the fruit itself, & the ideal

way to prepare it, to slice it & then score the

flesh so that when bent it presents itself

as a series of mango cubes, edible LEGO®.

A faint but bitter memory

Jerked us around

she did, telling us to

go here, to go there, no

place recognizable,

each much the same

as the last, as the

others.  Finally

came to one we did

recognize — she saying

look, they obviously don’t

know who you are, don’t

trust you, but they know

me, will deal with me.

Give me the money &

I’ll be back in five minutes.

Fame & Fable

It seems that many of the

inventors still talked about

never saw their work brought

into being — take da Vinci’s

lens grinder, Babbage’s Diffe-

rence Engine. Others talked,

made things, but never existed.

Are equally celebrated for the

failures of their fables. Such as

Daedalus’ who has a plinth to

himself — the wings with wax

which melted & cast Icarus

into the sea, the labyrinth on

Crete unraveled by a thread.

The circus comes to town

The precision of the acro-

bats & the random actions

of the clowns contrast to

create a tension which

the ringmaster disperses

when he slices through it

whipcracking on a white

horse & surrounded by

his elegant assistants.

But the progress of the

circus parade is still dic-

tated by the pace of the

elephants & the amount

of shit they leave behind.

Accuracy of the teacher’s speech

Student of Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages

Tursunxo’jayeva Malika Abdusamat qizi

abdusamadovnamalika@gmail.com

932412315

Supervisor: Isamutdinova Durdona

Annotation: This article explores the importance of clarity in a teacher’s speech during the educational process. Clear, comprehensible, and logically coherent speech positively influences students’ knowledge acquisition. The study analyzes the main principles of speech clarity, methods to achieve it, and the relationship between speech culture and the teacher’s pedagogical skills.

Keywords:teacher’s speech, clarity, speech culture, pedagogical skills, effectiveness of education

1. The concept of precision

Clarity means that an idea expressed in speech is conveyed clearly, clearly, without hesitation. A teacher’s speech should convey knowledge to students in a clear and understandable form. If a teacher speaks abstractly, confusingly, or inaccurately, it negatively affects the students’ process of accepting knowledge.

2. Main features of teacher speech

Clarity: Ideas are expressed simply and clearly.

Logicality: Sentences and thoughts are interrelated and orderly.

Intelligibility: Speech is built in a language appropriate to the age and level of knowledge of the students.

Brevity and laconia: Redundant words, sentences that are not related to the topic are avoided.

Sounding accuracy: Pronunciation must be correct and fluore.

3. Methods to achieve accuracy

Advance preparation: Create a thoughtful plan for the lesson.

Highlighting Important Points: Illustrate by highlighting, with examples.

Using plain and simple words: Interpret complex terms separately if necessary.

Monitoring communication: Checking whether students understand.

Maintaining logical consistency: Each idea should be linked to the previous one.

4. Factors that compromise accuracy

Vague expressions and abstract expressions.

Unnecessary complexity and unrelated thoughts in speech. Pronunciation and grammar errors.

Being too low or too loud the volume.

5. Accuracy of teacher speech and teaching effectiveness

Clear and understandable speech will ensure that students can:

actively listen to the lesson,

Have a deep understanding of the topic,

Helps him answer questions accurately and independently. Also, clarity makes the lesson fun, dynamic, and effective.

6. Ways of developing teacher speech

Perform special exercises in speech culture.

Learning techniques for storytelling and information.

Read books and constantly work on yourself.

analyze their own speech, recording sessions with audio and video.

7. Scientific and theoretical foundations

From the point of view of psycholinguistics, clarity is the clarity in the process of encoding and decoding an idea.

Corresponding to each subject, the accuracy of the teacher’s speech will also be specific. For example, if in the speech of a mathematics teacher, clarity is manifested in strict formulas and logical sequences, then in the speech of a literature teacher along with clarity there must be expressiveness.

In modern education, with the help of technologies (presentation, audio-visual means), speech clarity is further strengthened.

In didactic science, accuracy is considered as an important condition that contributes to the active cognitive activity of the student.

The importance of accuracy in teacher speech:

Quickly and correctly forms knowledge in pupils.

Increases the interest and attention of the audience.

Will help to perfectly understand the material being studied.

Develops students’ ability to think independently.

Recommendations to improve speech clarity:

Careful preparation for each lesson.

Express ideas simply and briefly in sentences.

Timely and correct interpretation of subject terms.

Speak a language appropriate to the level of the audience.

And the following are also important

1. Clarity of thought

The teacher must express his thoughts in an understandable way, without confusion. It is necessary to explain both complex ideas in a simple and logical sequence.

2. Lexical clarity

The meaning of the words and terms must be clear. Avoid unnecessarily complicated wording, choose words that are relevant to the topic and understandable to readers.

3. Syntactic accuracy. The structure of the sentence should be fluent and laconic. Too long and confusing sentences should be avoided.

4. Loyalty to the subject. The teacher expresses each of his thoughts without deviating from the topic being studied. The main focus is on unlocking the topic’s content.

5. Order and Logic. Ideas need to be in a logical connection to each other. Simple concepts are explained step by step, then complex concepts first.

6. Create Ease of Understanding

Bringing a complex idea to a simpler form for readers by giving examples, comparisons and analogies where necessary increases accuracy

In conclusion, the accuracy of the teacher’s speech is an important factor ensuring the effectiveness of the educational process. Through accuracy, knowledge is conveyed to learners in a clear, understandable and impactful manner. The teacher must strive to express his thoughts clearly, logically and purposefully. The clarity of speech serves students to develop a deep understanding of the topic, the development of their independent thinking and reasoning skills. Therefore, each teacher should always pay attention to the accuracy of his speech, consistently work on its development.

References:

1. Gafurov M. — “Fundamentals of speech culture”

2. Azizkho’jayev A. — “Pedagogical technologies”

3. Vygotsky L.S. — “Communication and thinking”

4. Soliev A., Makhmudov M. — “Pedagogical skills”

5. Levina R.A. — Rhetoric and Culture of Speech

6. Kara-Murza S.G. — Fundamentals of speech culture and communication

Jurayev M., Islamov I. – Fundamentals of speech culture, Tashkent, 2018.

7. Ochilov M. – Uzbek language and speech culture, Tashkent, 2019.

– about the accuracy, types of accuracy and accuracy of speech in teaching activity.

8. Toshmatov M. – pedagogical skills, Tashkent, 2020.

– Details about the teacher’s speech, pedagogical techniques and methods of expressive expression.

9. Sultanova D. – Culture of language and speech, Tashkent, 2017.

– about compliance with the norms of language, accuracy and accuracy of expression.

10. Materials of the State Testing Center under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan –

– modern requirements for speech of teachers, recommendations for speech culture.

11. Aristotle – Rhetoric – The art of speech, the ancient theoretical foundations of clarity and logical expression.

12. Cicero (Mark Tully) – De Oratore – Ancient Roman experience in the culture of speaking, clarity and expressive speech construction.

13. Quintilian – Institutio Oratoria

– principles of speech structure, clarity and fluency for teachers and speakers.

14. Dale Carnegie – The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking

– modern methods of speech clarity, clarity and clarity in public speech.

15. Herbert Paul Grice – Logic and Conversation – Modern theories about the principles of communication in speech (clarity, brevity, relevance).

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