Rain
Walid Alzoukani – Syrian Poet
The rain, resembling old coins,
tinkles
beneath the dome of my high poverty.
It rubbed the goat of the night
with myth
and placed its wet finger
on the lips of the sorrowful horizon.
It kissed the fingers of the rose
to open her eyes.
The rain, rolling on the shy windows,
bleeds laughter,
piled beneath my window,
entered my heart,
which is poorer than a tree,
without permission.
The Role of Speech Competence in Developing Speech Culture among Primary School Students
Urganch davlat pedagogika institute “Boshlang’ich ta’lim”fakulteti Boshlang’ich ta’lim yo’nalishi 236-guruhi 3-kurs talabasi
Masharipova Unsunoy Madamin qizi
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida nutq madaniyatini shakllantirish jarayonida nutqiy kompetensiyaning o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari nutqida uchraydigan ayrim kamchilik va nuqsonlarni bartaraf etishning samarali usul va vositalari haqida keng ma’lumot berilgan. Ayniqsa, nutqida kamchiligi mavjud bo‘lgan o‘quvchilar bilan individual yondashuv asosida dars jarayonlarini tashkil etishning natijalari va afzalliklari yoritib berilgan.Kalit so‘zlar: individual, guruhli, metod, kamchilik, nuqson, boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchisi.
Annotation: This article analyzes the role and importance of speech competence in the process of developing speech culture among primary school students. It provides comprehensive information about effective methods and tools for overcoming certain speech deficiencies and shortcomings observed in pupils’ speech. Special attention is given to the results and advantages of conducting lessons based on an individual approach for students with speech impairments.
Keywords: individual, group, method, deficiency, defect, primary school student.
Аннотация:В данной статье проанализирована роль и значение речевой компетенции в процессе формирования культуры речи у учащихся начальных классов. Представлена подробная информация об эффективных методах и средствах устранения отдельных недостатков и дефектов речи у учащихся. Особое внимание уделено результатам и преимуществам организации учебного процесса на основе индивидуального подхода к детям с речевыми нарушениями.Ключевые слова: индивидуальный, групповой, метод, недостаток, дефект, ученик начальных классов.
INTRODUCTION
Today, addressing certain shortcomings observed in the speech of primary school students has become an urgent issue. This is because primary school students are in the process of growth and development; they represent a generation that is just beginning to form intellectually and socially. One of the most effective ways to overcome these speech-related challenges is through the development of speech competence.
Eliminating such shortcomings at an early age is crucial, as this period represents the foundation for students’ overall development and cognitive growth. As the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, has emphasized, “Intellectual and cultural potential are invaluable assets of any society.” Educating and nurturing gifted individuals plays a decisive role in shaping the nation’s future.
Therefore, every word, thought, and action of the younger generation must be given special attention. It is essential to show care and support for primary school students and to organize the learning process according to their age-specific characteristics. Teachers play a vital role in encouraging young learners — who are taking their first steps into the world of education — to participate actively in class while maintaining their sense of curiosity, confidence, and creativity. In enhancing students’ speech culture, broadening their thinking capacity, and shaping their worldview, the role of various competences, especially speech competence, is immense.
Competence is the ability to apply one’s theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and experiences effectively in daily life and in solving theoretical and practical problems. The introduction of the competence-based approach in education has led to new methods and perspectives that have significantly contributed to the preparation of qualified specialists.
In modern education, integrating pedagogical and information technologies into the teaching process is considered essential for developing students’ key and subject-based competences. Generally, competences developed in students are divided into two main categories: key competences and subject-specific competences. Some academic sources further classify them into three types: Key competences, General (interdisciplinary) competences, Specific (subject-related) competences
Competences that serve the overall personal development of students are referred to as key competences, while those formed through a specific subject are known as subject competences. Speech competence belongs to the category of subject-specific competences and plays a crucial role in developing students’ speech culture — teaching them to communicate correctly, clearly, and expressively.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Many scholars and methodologists have conducted research on developing speech culture and speech competence among primary school students and teaching them to speak clearly and coherently. For instance, in the book “Methods of Teaching the Native Language in Primary School” by S. Matchanova, H. Bakiyeva, X. Gulyamova, Sh. Yo‘ldosheva, and G. Xolboyeva, the objectives, content, and practical significance of speech development methods are comprehensively covered.
The authors state that the main task of speech development methodology is to create a need and interest in communication among students — encouraging them to speak and interact with others. When this need emerges, students gradually improve their speech, develop a sense of responsibility for their words, and expand their expressive abilities. The authors also view speech not only as a means of communication but as a fundamental component of human thinking, perception, and cognition.
Through speech, students not only express their ideas but also acquire new knowledge, analyze it, and shape their personal worldview. Similarly, in “Methods of Teaching the Native Language” by K. Qosimova, S. Matchanova, X. G‘ulomova, Sh. Yo‘ldosheva, and Sh. Sariyev, the theoretical and practical aspects of developing students’ speech during literacy instruction are analyzed in depth. The main objectives of speech development in this work are defined as follows: Identifying and correcting deficiencies in students’ speech; Expanding their conceptual and imaginative capacity, as well as their vocabulary; Developing skills in understanding word meanings and using them appropriately; Improving coherent speech by teaching students to construct sentences, short stories, and texts logically and coherently, both orally and in writing.
From these sources, it becomes clear that developing speech culture helps to improve not only students’ vocabulary but also their thinking, memory, attention, and communication skills. In modern education, developing speech competence is considered one of the key directions of teaching, as it enables students to express their thoughts independently, logically, and coherently. In this process, the teacher must use individual, group, and interactive methods effectively, considering students’ age and psychological characteristics.
The literature also proposes a set of methodological exercises aimed at speech development, which include: Listening and retelling exercises; Topic-based conversations and role-playing games for developing oral speech; Text-based analysis and rewriting exercises for improving written speech; Working with synonyms, antonyms, and polysemous words to expand vocabulary; Creating stories based on pictures and using proverbs, riddles, and tongue-twisters.
Developing speech culture through speech competence not only improves students’ communication skills, clarity, and expression but also enhances their interest in learning and broadens their worldview. Moreover, it helps them analyze and summarize information independently and express their thoughts accurately and fluently.
Analyses of the process of forming speech culture in primary school students show that developing speech competence is a multi-stage, systematic, and continuous pedagogical process. It is not limited to teaching language skills but is closely linked to students’ personal, social, intellectual, and spiritual development. Most importantly, the teacher’s speech model plays a decisive role in this process.
When the teacher speaks clearly, grammatically correctly, expressively, and understandably, students naturally begin to absorb and imitate that speech culture. Thus, the teacher’s speech serves not only as a means of conveying information but also as an educational influence. Interactive methods play a significant role in speech development. Methods such as “Role Play,” “Brainstorming,” “Learning through Discussion,” “Debate,” and “Cluster Mapping” foster independent thinking, logical reasoning, persuasive communication, and creative expression among students.
These methods also cultivate communication culture and increase social activity. In developing written speech, exercises such as dictations, essays, retellings, story writing based on pictures, text continuation, and word chains enhance not only writing skills but also logical thinking, coherence, and clarity of expression. They also strengthen students’ analytical and creative abilities.
Speech competence is closely connected to reading and listening comprehension skills. If a child lacks the ability to comprehend what they hear, it becomes difficult to express their thoughts clearly. Therefore, reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities must be integrated. Such integration supports the comprehensive development of students’ speech abilities.
The study also found that family environment and psychological climate play an essential role in shaping children’s speech. When parents listen to their children’s thoughts, answer their questions logically, and encourage independent thinking, children become more verbally active. In the classroom, mutual respect, open communication, and trust between teacher and student foster active participation in speech-related activities.
Speech culture is the culture of thought, as speech reflects a person’s intellect, knowledge, and worldview. Each individual expresses emotions, feelings, and ideas through speech. The richness, clarity, and expressiveness of one’s speech indicate their level of thinking. Therefore, developing speech culture in primary school students is one of the key ways to enhance their thinking, cognition, and creativity.
Speech competence includes the following main components: Oral speech skills – the ability to express thoughts clearly, fluently, and expressively while observing communication etiquette; Written speech skills – the ability to express ideas in written form, observing spelling, punctuation, and stylistic norms; Reading and comprehension skills – identifying main ideas from texts, analyzing and summarizing content; Listening comprehension skills – understanding spoken material, identifying main ideas, and answering related questions.
Developing these components systematically helps integrate knowledge, skills, and abilities harmoniously in students. For example, to improve oral speech, students can be asked questions, involved in conversations, and assigned expressive reading of literary texts and poems. Through written speech, students learn to express their ideas correctly in grammatical, lexical, and stylistic terms. Listening and comprehension can be enhanced through technological tools — audio tales, video materials, and interactive games. In conclusion, developing speech culture and speech competence in primary education forms the foundation for raising not only articulate speakers and writers but also logical thinkers, socially active, and culturally mature individuals.
Therefore, teachers’ professional preparation must include deep knowledge of methodological approaches to developing speech activity and their effective application in practice.
CONCLUSION
To sum up, developing each student’s speech means not only improving their speaking and writing skills but also broadening their thinking, worldview, and intellectual capacity. The primary school stage is the most critical period in a child’s formation — this is when their oral and written speech, communication culture, and thinking abilities are developed.
In this process, speech competence plays an essential role. It teaches students not only to know the language but also to use it appropriately, logically, and politely in real-life situations. It develops their ability to think independently, express their ideas clearly and grammatically correctly, listen attentively, and communicate respectfully. Moreover, the formation of speech competence turns students into active participants in the learning process. This, in turn, helps them master not only their native language but also other subjects more deeply, engage in discussions, solve problems, and think creatively.
Thus, developing speech culture in primary education is a complex yet highly effective pedagogical process that integrates knowledge, thinking, morality, and social engagement. In this process, the teacher’s speech example, interactive teaching methods, and supportive family and social environments play decisive roles. We believe that only through such a systematic approach can we raise a future generation of cultured, thoughtful individuals who value the power of words and possess a rich and developed speech competence.
REFERENCES
Ibragimova F., Farsaxonova D., Shukurova X., Mamayusupova S., Xolsaidov F.Methods of Teaching the Native Language in Primary School.– Tashkent: Innovatsiya-Ziyo, 2021.Qorayev S. B., Tirkashev N. I.Main Aspects of Competence-Based Education.– ISSUE, 2022.Matchanova S., Bakiyeva H., Gulyamova X., Yo‘ldosheva Sh., Xolboyeva G.Methods of Teaching the Native Language in Primary School.– Tashkent: Ishonchli Hamkor, 2021.Qosimova K., Matchanov S., G‘ulomova X., Yo‘ldosheva Sh., Sariyev Sh.Methods of Teaching the Native Language.– Tashkent: Nosir Publishing House, 2009.
(Young light skinned Latina woman with long brown hair, a gray and white striped top, and reading glasses)
ARTISAN
In a corner of the earth, an artisan cherishes her loom, which she prepared with colorful thread.
She is a woman who embroiders with love and dedication, blankets that tell stories of the land and its people.
She embroiders fish that swim in a river of colors and textures, and birds that fly, with wings that stretch toward the sky.
She also embroiders masks of her ancestors, with eyes that seem to see, with ancient wisdom passed down by her grandmothers from generation to generation.
Each thread, each stitch, each color is a message sent,
through time and space, to those who know how to listen.
The artisan is surrounded by her creations, with a heart full of pride, and a spirit that is free.
She is a bearer of culture, and her art is a reflection of the beauty and wisdom of her people.
Nidia Amelia García, from Buenos Aires, Argentina, is a writer and an active member of Juntos por las Letras (Together for Letters). She has participated in numerous virtual events in Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Spain, Colombia, Portugal, Nigeria, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and elsewhere. She has also contributed to literary anthologies such as “Books of the Immortals” and “Anthology of the 50 Poets of the World 2022.”
1)
RAINBOW
The sky is gray.
He whines.
His lamentations are legion.
The sky is pale
He gets angry
Blues Day
Today the scorpions are letting loose
The sky is gray
Hearts are gray
And even often black with storms
The sky is gray
I trot little mouse
I smile
My smile is sad though
He wants to drip too
To sink in the gulp
To annihilate oneself far from the stench
My smile quivers
My smile moans
The sky is gray
I smile
My smile hesitates
But I hear on the umbrella canvas
The tender note the slow note
A joyful poppy tempo in winter
But I see my cat
Impassive who seizes the moment
He was waiting for me with all his love
With the accuracy of his wisdom
He certainly doesn’t smile
But his eyes speak the language of the soul
The sky is gray
Sad human race
Filled with hatred and arrogance
Today the scorpions are letting loose
The sky is gray
Hearts are gray
And even often black with storms
But I draw
Once again
At the well of infinite Love
So despite the tumult of shouts and hatred
To which the multitude abandons itself
I smile
And my smile
Print on the gray sky
Through her tears
The colors of my light
2)
BEFORE THE GREAT AWAKENING
Amber News
The read leaves abandon themselves
And flee to the wind
I was that lost page
Tears of despair
At the railing of my balcony
They are pearled without thread
I was that tear
In his mad race
The clock is moving
And catches a cold in the gray morning
Might as well get drunk too
I am this hour stopped
With a tissue
Autumnal cold
Under your crystal clear skin
The days fall asleep
I am silent
Rendered
Under the covers
Night under the eyelids
Warm
Dreams languish
Eternity
Under glass
Autumn fades away all its colors
Before the Great Awakening
La Fenetre de Paris announces a submission opportunity for poets. Poetry anthology Water: The Source of Life seeks submissions
Contributor Taylor Dibbert seeks reviewers for his new poetry book On the Rocks. Please email us at synchchaos@gmail.com if you’re interested.
Also, we will stop accepting submissions for November’s first issue on October 25th. You may still submit after that date, but your work will go into our second issue for the month.
Now, for this month’s second issue, Learning From History.
Sayani Mukherjee muses on the rise and fall of the Roman Empire.
Kelly Moyer’s film, created together with Hunter Sauvage and starring Robert P. Moyer and Annie, draws on ancient myth to understand the United States’ modern political situation. Abigail George analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of certain leadership styles illustrated by Donald Trump and several African leaders. Patricia Doyne speaks to the hubris of American political leadership. Andrew Brindle and Christina Chin’s tan-rengas explore society’s injustices and contradictions.
Ivan Pozzoni’s poetry declares his speaker’s independence of mind as an artist and offers critiques of government funds’ being taken from ordinary taxpayers to bail out large banks. Bill Tope’s short story celebrates the power of understanding and empathy for people at all social levels. Poet Eva Petropoulou Lianou interviews poet Til Kumari Sharma about the importance of gender equality, humanity and empathy, and living with solid morals. Til Kumari Sharma reviews Brenda Mohammed’s poetry collection Break the Silence, about ending drug addiction, domestic violence, and human trafficking. Nordona Norqulova describes strategies world governments use to combat terrorism. Til Kumari Sharma also expresses her hope for a world where women, children, and everyone is treated with respect.
Patrick Sweeney’s one-line senryus decenter the author as head of the universe. Mark Young contributes a fresh set of altered geographies. Baskin Cooper describes encounters slightly mysterious and askance. Christopher Bernard describes the frenzied, ghostly glamour of Cal Performances’ recent production of Red Carpet.
Brian Barbeito reflects on the wonder and spiritual curiosity he finds in natural landscapes. Su Yun’s collection of poetry from Chinese elementary school students reflects care for and admiration of the natural world and also a sense of whimsy and curiosity. Stephen Jarrell Williams’ short poems depict an escape from overcrowded cities back into nature. Vaxabdjonova Zarnigor discusses the chemical composition of chia seeds and their nutritional value. Nidia Garcia celebrates the natural environment and urges people to plant trees. Madina Abdisalomova reminds us that environmental care and stewardship is everyone’s responsibility.
Mahbub Alam extols the beauty of morning and nature in his Bangladeshi home. Jonathan Butcher’s poetry explores the different rooms in which we make our lives and the stories they could tell about us. J.T. Whitehead shows how external cleaning can parallel interior personal development. Srijani Dutta discusses her personal spiritual journey in prayer to the divine of at least a few faiths.
Alexandros Stamatoulakis announces his new novel The Lonely Warrior: In the Wings of the Condor, about a man discovering himself in the midst of a tumultuous modern environment. Chris Butler’s wry poetry explores long-lasting, but hopefully not implacable, truisms of the human condition. Ana Glendza speaks to the fear and insecurities that come with being human. Kavi Nielsen speaks to the experience of loneliness and rejection.
Noah Berlatsky satirizes faux-human tech support and our efforts to understand our whole world through technology. Timothee Bordenave outlines innovative ways to improve electricity transmission as Abdurofiyeva Taxmina Avazovna discusses treatments for cataracts.
Zarifaxon O’rinboyeva’s short story presents a woman overcoming poverty and grief to become a physician. Doug Hawley reflects on the ups and downs of summer jobs. Turdiyeva Guloyim’s poetic essay shares a complex emotional tapestry of childhood village memories. Rahmataliyeva Aidakhon highlights the importance of grasping folktales to understanding Uzbek heritage and culture. Madina Azamjon highlights the literary importance of Hamid Olimjon’s writing and how he drew on Uzbek folk culture for inspiration. Gulsanam Qurbonova extols the linguistic and cultural education she has received at her university. Ermatova Dilorom Bakhodirjonova explains the intertwined nature of Uzbek language and culture and the need to preserve both.
Mukhammadjonova Ugiloy celebrates her school and the sports and student leadership education she received there. Choriyeva Oynur outlines benefits of integrating technology into education. Abdirashidova Ozoda outlines the importance of encouraging and fostering creativity for preschool students. Nilufar Mo’ydinova discusses ways to encourage second language acquisition at an early age.
Anila Bukhari’s poetry celebrates the creative spirit surviving amid poverty and oppression. Taro Hokkyo’s prose poem details his protagonist’s escape from emotional and spiritual darkness to rise to the heights of creativity. Alan Catlin’s barman odyssey explores the roots of creative inspiration.
Emran Emon speaks to the recent Nobel Prize award for world literature and the value of writing. Abdusalimova Zukhraxon outlines strategies for teaching the Uzbek language to foreign students. Abdusaidova Jasmina Quvondiqovna shares some of her art and expresses her pride in her native Uzbekistan. Jumanazarova Munojot Elmurod qizi suggests ways to help young children learn to tell time. Qurbonova Madinaxon discusses the importance of games and play in children’s education. Hayotkhon Shermatova outlines issues with Uzbekistan’s educational system and how to address them. Azamova Kumushoy illustrates the importance of teaching language students how to analyze literary texts.
Duane Vorhees revels in erotic sensuality and the learnedness of ancient history. Perwaiz Shaharyar’s poem, translated to English and Italian by Maria Miraglia, celebrates the beauty of the positive aspects of many cultures’ concept of the feminine.
Ismoilova Gulmira celebrates the strength, thoughtfulness, creativity and resilience of Uzbek girls and young women. Abduqahhorova Gulhayo’s poem takes joy in the grace and kindness of young Uzbek girls. Svetlana Rostova finds beauty in everything, even ugliness, loss, and death.
Graciela Noemi Villaverde praises the creative insight of her dance teacher. Saparov Akbar outlines his personal quests and passions and his desire to educate himself and elevate his life. Mesfakus Salahin’s poetry celebrates the artistic inspiration that can come from romantic love.
J.J. Campbell details his middle-aged, disillusioned quest for love or maybe just a little break from reality. Donia Sahib speaks to spiritual and earthly love. Teresa Nocetti’s poem urges a loved one to invite her into their life. Eva Petropoulou Lianou shares a tale of lovers in search for one another.
Graciela Irene Rossetti’s poetry revels in tender gentleness. Mirta Liliana Ramirez expresses the pain of being shamed for who she is. Rezauddin Stalin speaks to partings and farewells. Umida Hamroyeva expresses her love and longing for a departed person.
Ahmed Miqdad speaks of the forgotten sufferings of ordinary people in Gaza. Fiza Amir’s poetry evokes the many personal losses and griefs of wartime. Jacques Fleury reviews Joy Behar’s play My First Ex-Husband, which explores marital and relationship issues in a way that is relatable for many people, married or single.
Mykyta Ryzhykh presents a protagonist who explores alternatives and then revels in his ordinary humanity. H. Mar. shares the joy of day-to-day human companionship.
We hope this issue provides artistic, emotional, and intellectual companionship to you as you peruse the various contributions.
The Less Fortunate
The less fortunate
aren’t born into
family fortunes.
The les fortunate
have unbalanced
savings accounts.
The less fortunate
live upon the generosity
of the most greedy.
The less fortunate
hands are slapped
when offered handouts.
The less fortunate
are not entitled
to welfare royalty.
The less fortunate
depend upon for-profit
vanity charities
run by celebrities
for court-ordered
community service
and tax breaks.
The less fortunate
must sell vital organs
to earn a living.
The less fortunate
stand in bread lines
until they harden stale.
The less fortunate
have no meat
on their chicken bones.
The less fortunate
choke in dust bowls
on farms that don’t grow.
The less fortunate
shall inherit the earth,
only to be given
a useless patch of dirt.
Horse’s Wagon
You can lead
a drunk
to water,
but you can’t
help them
from mixing
it with
their whiskey.
Fifty is the New Fifteen
When modern medicine becomes more concerned with curing
male-pattern baldness, erectile dysfunction and low testosterone,
folks look a lot whole better on the outside
than they do on the inside.
Anatomy of a Writer
Ten fingers
and
a brain
is all
I need.
The rest
of me
just gets
in the way.
Little Poem
I am a little poem,
made, not born,
in need of defined meaning,
as rough scrap paper drafts
folded into paper airplanes
crash land through blizzards
of crumpled snow balls into
the overflowing recycling bin,
until the inevitable avalanche.
But with so many
words to write,
there are only so many
empty pages of white.
Chris Butler is an illiterate poet. He has published ten collections of poetry, including Artsy Fartsy (Alternating Current), DOOMER (Ethel) and Neurotica (Scars Publications). He is also the co-editor of The Beatnik Cowboy.
The Importance of Using Text Analysis in the Artistic and Aesthetic Education of Primary School Students
Kokand University, Andijan Branch,
Primary Education Department
(Distance Learning),
Group 24-03, 2nd Year
• Azamova Kumushoy Akramjon qizi
Abstract:
This article thoroughly explores the importance of text analysis in the process of artistic and aesthetic education of primary school students. Through the analysis of literary works, students develop a sense of beauty, the ability to evaluate characters, and improve their speech culture. The use of methods such as question-and-answer, discussion, and role reading helps enhance students’ creativity and imagination. The article highlights the significance, methods, and practical opportunities of this process and justifies the role of artistic and aesthetic education in the educational system.
Keywords: artistic and aesthetic education, text analysis, primary school, creativity, speech culture.
Introduction
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, extensive reforms are being carried out to modernize the education system and bring it in line with contemporary standards. The decrees and resolutions of the President, decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers, and the principle of “New Uzbekistan begins at the doorstep of education” clearly demonstrate these reforms.
Particular attention is given to the primary education stage, as it plays a crucial role in shaping students’ spiritual maturity, aesthetic taste, and speech culture.
In recent years, a number of innovations have been introduced into primary education, including:
All these reforms aim to help students acquire modern knowledge, moral education, and respect for national and universal values.
Educational activities based on literary texts strengthen such moral qualities as kindness, patriotism, and friendship. Primary education is an important stage in the formation of students’ moral integrity, aesthetic taste, ethical qualities, and personal worldview.
Through text analysis, students’ artistic perception expands—they learn to understand life phenomena more deeply and develop creative thinking as well as an aesthetic sense.
Working with literary texts promotes moral ideas such as friendship, compassion, patriotism, and diligence. This not only fosters independent thinking but also helps students develop the ability to make morally sound life decisions.
Therefore, teaching literary works and organizing text analysis in primary classes plays an invaluable role in students’ aesthetic development, psychological growth, and personal education.
Text analysis also serves as an important tool for improving students’ speech culture. By analyzing the behavior of characters, students form their own attitudes toward social events and gain a deeper understanding of honesty, justice, empathy, and indifference.
The main goal of modern education is not only to provide knowledge but also to nurture well-rounded individuals. In this regard, the use of text analysis in primary education is of great importance. Through artistic and aesthetic education, children develop not only creative thinking but also aesthetic appreciation, national pride, and moral sensitivity.
In teaching reading literacy, the communicative approach plays a key role. Since language primarily functions as a means of communication, interactive, activity-based, exploratory, and critical approaches are prioritized.
Methodological Foundations of Text Analysis
Review of Related Literature
The issue of artistic and aesthetic education of primary school students has been widely studied in Uzbek and world pedagogy. Various scholars and methodologists have proposed effective ways to achieve educational and aesthetic goals through text analysis.
Abdulla Avloni, in his work “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” (The Turkic Garden or Ethics), emphasized the inseparable connection between education and upbringing, especially the role of literary texts in instilling goodness and beauty in the young generation — a concept that remains relevant today.
Similarly, in I. A. Karimov’s book “High Spirituality is an Invincible Power,” the exceptional role of literature and art in nurturing spiritually mature youth is highlighted. Literary works, in particular, develop students’ sense of national pride and love for their homeland.
Modern Uzbek methodologists such as D. Makhmudova and O. Kochkarova have developed methods for working with texts in primary grades. Their research shows that the use of interactive methods significantly enhances students’ artistic and aesthetic taste.
Foreign educators, including Jean Piaget, in his theory of cognitive development, also confirmed that literary text analysis plays an essential role in shaping knowledge and values in children.
Main Part
In recent years, significant reforms have been carried out in Uzbekistan’s education system, especially in primary education. The policy based on the principle “New Uzbekistan – New Education” has been directed toward improving the quality of teaching and learning.
One of the most important innovations in primary education is the introduction of new state curricula, designed according to students’ age and psychological characteristics, aimed at developing independent thinking, creativity, and communication skills.
Furthermore, within the framework of the digital education concept, students are being taught computer literacy and the use of information technologies. Electronic resources, multimedia materials, and interactive platforms are actively integrated into lessons.
Improving teachers’ qualifications plays a key role in enhancing education quality. Professional training courses for primary school teachers now focus on modern pedagogical methods, STEAM technologies, and interactive approaches.
In addition, the inclusive education system is being widely implemented, ensuring equal learning opportunities for children with special needs and promoting social justice.
The new edition of the “Reading Literacy” textbook differs significantly from the previous versions. It contains engaging and age-appropriate materials aimed at developing reading, listening, speaking, writing, and grammar skills.
Analysis and Results
The primary school period is a decisive stage in a child’s personal development. During the research, text analysis sessions were conducted with students based on the tales “The Golden Melon” and “Zumrad and Qimmat.”
Through “The Golden Melon,” students learned to appreciate honesty, generosity, and loyalty, while understanding that greed and envy lead to negative consequences. The tale “Zumrad and Qimmat” strengthened positive traits such as modesty, kindness, and diligence.
Interactive activities such as drawing, dramatization, and expressive reading were included in the lessons. As a result, students’ speech culture, imagination, creative thinking, and aesthetic taste developed noticeably.
Artistic and aesthetic education thus fosters harmony in personal growth, laying the foundation for children to become spiritually mature, sensitive to beauty, and socially responsible individuals in the future.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the use of literary text analysis in primary education develops not only students’ reading skills but also their moral qualities, aesthetic sense, and creative thinking. Through the analysis of the tales “The Golden Melon” and “Zumrad and Qimmat,” students learn to distinguish between good and evil and to understand the importance of such human values as honesty, diligence, and compassion in real life.
Text analysis enables students to express their emotions, visualize artistic images, expand their vocabulary, and appreciate beauty. This process contributes to their spiritual maturity and positively influences their personal development.
Thus, literary text analysis is one of the most effective means of harmoniously developing moral and aesthetic education among primary school students.
References