The mud fort (I-VI centuries AD) is located a few kilometers south of the Sultan Uwais ridge. This fortress served as the residence of the rulers of Ancient Khorezm in ancient times, before the Afrigid dynasty came to power. The name of the monument, based on its current position, means a large earthen mound.
The soil castle complex consists of the city, the upper palace and the northern complex.
City – area 500 × 350 m. It is rectangular in shape and surrounded by defense walls 8-9 meters high. In addition, the city has many square towers with flat corners, and the sides are surrounded by a wide moat. The city gate was built in the form of a complex structure, and the width of the city from this gate to the castle is 9 m. passed the central street. Many hearths have been identified in the fire worshipers’ temple. In another building in the monument, gold-plated bracelets in the form of ram’s horns, glass vessels, fragments of plaster sculptures and other jewelry were found.
Upper palace – the main massif of the truncated pyramid-shaped palace is built of raw brick, and the facade is decorated with a system of vertically protruding patterns. About 100 structures used as ablution rooms and weapons storage rooms have been preserved until now. On the upper floor there was a temple where sacrifices were made for repentance.
The main part of the palace is occupied by a complex of prayer and ceremonial rooms. The walls of the building are decorated with patterns, and the five halls belonging to it are decorated with colorful ceramic bas-reliefs. Few of these ornaments have survived.
In the special sacrificial room “Hall of the Kings” there was a fire burning in front of the images (in the form of statues) of the 23 kings of Khorezm. The “Victory Hall” is decorated with bas-reliefs of kings sitting on thrones and goddesses hovering above them, depicting the ceremony of awarding the royal honor to the sultans. On the shelves of the Hall of Black Warriors were bas-relief images of standing kings. Small statues of black warriors paid homage to the kings by blowing trumpets. The “Deer Hall” was decorated with statues of these animals, and on top of them there were images of griffins. This type of decoration is probably the reason for the sustainability of life in the flora and fauna. The “Masked Dance” hall was intended for showing mysteries (dramas on religious themes), and the images of men and women dancing on the walls of the hall are partially preserved. On the main shelf, according to its appearance, there was an image of a goddess with a beast. On the other two large shelves, probably, the accompanying deities were placed. In the center of the hall there was a sacrificial platform.
One of the most important finds is the Ancient Khorezm documents. In the manuscripts written on leather, several dates of the arrival of various things and objects are recorded, the oldest of which is 188-252 years of the Khorezm century (beginning of the 1st century AD). In the manuscripts written on the tree, lists of able-bodied men (free and slaves) included in several Khorezms were recorded.
Northern palace complex. This complex is about 100 km from the city of Tuproq Qala. It is a collection of several buildings with an area of 12 hectares. One of these buildings consists of 50 rooms with colorful murals decorated with large and small rosettes and other flowers on a black and white background, as well as the remains of sculptures depicting the lower leg and dress. Also, coins from the reign of the Kushan rulers Vima-Kadphiz, Khuvishka, a golden head of a lion and alabaster figures for bas-relief were found here.
A memory
New neighborhood... New life... I was now living on my own streets that I had never even driven through before... Now every tiny thing in these places belonged to me. So I slowly got to know everyone. But there was one thing I could never make friends with... Children who live in a house a few houses away from ours! They were two boys and a girl, and to me they belonged to a group of pirates.
Every day, when I came home from school, I was worried about these "bullying" children, not about the barking dogs. I passed by that house slowly and silently. Sometimes, when they saw me, they would attack me with their stones or sticks, and I would run away like the wind. All three were much younger than me. But I was afraid. I had a terrible fear in my heart for them. They were always on the street…
One day I saw that landlord-father of the family in a very bad condition on the street. He was drunk and barely able to walk. Later, I heard a lot of bad things from several people. Only after that I started to think that maybe the environment in the family is not good either. How could such a family leader give good attention and love to his children. Then those "robbers" came to my eyes. They were almost always on the street. They played in their own way, they were happy in their own way. I started to like them...
One day I returned from school as usual. They were playing with mud on the street again. I didn't run away this time. I couldn't even think of escaping for some reason. The girl started coming towards me with a ball of clay in her hand. Laughed. I smiled and said "Hello". He ran towards the gate with a strange look on my face. On that day, my heart overcame the fear of those cheerful children and took the first step to make friends with them.
Later I became very close with them. We became sisters. After they went to school, sometimes we returned from school together. Our childish conversations were wonderful and pure.
After some years, we moved out of the neighborhood and I did not see them again. They are not on the street anymore. Games are also a memory of the past. It is unknown to me... But as a part of that space I loved, they are still in my heart... And, of course, they will be remembered with love and longing.
Shahnoza Ochildiyeva
1st year student of the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan
A person always lives because of the law,
Even if there is no law, there are few good things.
All feelings will be a mirage,
Blood and wine flowed from the cabbage.
Therefore, a new book was opened,
No-one does anything.
The law is equal for all,
Everyone is fighting.
Now the shadow at the beginning of the country will leave,
Twenty people's bread is baked
And now everyone helps.
Even the rain doesn't turn into puddles.
There is no stain on our country,
Now let the city and the garden flourish
I'll tell you what's in my heart
Let's keep our country alive.
Sitora Otajonova is Sodirjon's daughter. She was born on 20 December in 2005.She is studying at school in 11th class. She is crazy about writing poems and reading books. Her poems and articles are printed international journals.
Candy Bill
Meryl stood with her two sisters, peeping through the display window of the candy shop, and silently observing the striking array of sweets which were perched upon beautiful crystal dishes and vivid red skirting. Meryl licked her pale pink lips. At her side stood Wendy who, at seven, was three years younger. And next to Wendy and leaning with her nose against the window, was Karen, the baby, at four years of age. All three girls' mouths were watering.
On a step ladder next to, but totally ignored by, the girls was Albert Weissmann, AKA Candy Bill, the proprietor for whom the shop was eponymously named. Bill was busily squirting the already shiny glass with glass cleaner and wiping it even cleaner. Meryl fretted that they were creating a nuisance. Her father had told her to steer clear of Mr. Weissmann; he was a cranky old guy. According to her papa, he had lost family in the war, years before. One never knew what might set him off.
"Do you think we'll get some candy for Christmas," Wendy asked, turning to regard her older sibling. Karen hung on Meryl's reply.
"Don't be silly," scolded Meryl. "We're Jewish," she reminded the other two girls. "We don't believe in Christmas."
Little Karen's face puckered up and she looked as if she might cry. "Not fair," she said, pouting. Her faded print dress hung limply from thin shoulders.
"You're forgetting," Meryl reminded them, "that we have Hanukkah."
"Yay!" shrilled Karen happily. "We'll have gelt! Then we can buy candy!"
"But," said Meryl, pointing an admonishing forefinger at her younger sister, "we have to give part of our gelt to charity."
Karen instantly grew sober and nodded. "Yes," she agreed half- heartedly, "to charity."
"Can't we buy some candy now?" implored Wendy, dying to bite into a piece of chocolate.
"We don't have our gelt yet," replied Meryl. "We get it on the fifth day of Hanukkah, remember? This is just December 19th. The fifth day isn't until the 21st."
"But, Ruth gets gelt every night of Hanukkah," protested Wendy, referencing her best friend.
"Ruth's parents are rich," remarked Meryl a little sharply. "Mother and father have to work hard to earn what little we have." Bill glanced surreptitiously at the children.
Wendy remembered that Mr. Kaplan, Ruth's father, owned a string of shoe stores in the city, whereas Wendy's mother and father worked as a tailor and a housekeeper, respectively. Wendy dug the toe of her shoe into the pavement. "Yeah...."
Suddenly, Candy Bill descended from the ladder and nudged the girls back from the window. Spraying where they'd left smudges on the glass, he wiped the surface clean and glared pointedly at the sisters.
"C'mon," murmured Meryl, taking charge as she always did. "We hafta' get home. We have latkes tonight," she said with feigned enthusiasm. Even though she loved them, she knew they were a poor substitute for Candy Bill's home made chocolate, for her sisters. She placed a hand round each of her sisters and began to steer them away.
"Come back here," growled a stern voice over their shoulders. The girls froze and looked back to find Candy Bill standing formidably in the doorway to his candy shop.
"We were just leaving, Mr. Weissmann," squeaked Meryl at the imposing figure before them. Wendy's eyes grew large and Karen actually began to tremble with fear.
"Get in here," he ordered, holding wide the door. Terrified out of their wits, the children complied with the directive and filed timidly through the portal. Once inside, they breathed in the intoxicating aroma of fresh made candy: chocolate-covered caramels, sugar wafers, and Meryl's favorite, enormous bars of pure brown chocolate.
"We...we didn't do anything," murmured Meryl fearfully, wondering what offense the trio had committed.
"You were standing at the display window," charged Bill wrathfully. "Blocking my paying customers from getting into my shop. How am I supposed to make an honest living?" he demanded, and furrowed his silver brows menacingly.
"We...we...I," replied Meryl in bewilderment. Now Karen began to whimper.
Taking notice of her, Candy Bill's face suddenly creased into an enormous smile. "There, there, hertzele, cooed the bear of a man, gently touching her cheek. From a shelf he pulled three bright white bags loaded with candy. He presented the gifts to the little girls and smiled warmly at them. They stood, agape, until Bill, suddenly embarrassed by his own largesse, shooed them out of the shop. The two younger children danced merrily away, but Meryl paused for a moment and glanced back at her benefactor and gave him a dazzling smile of gratitude. He merely flicked his fingers in the opposite direction, and she likewise fled.
Candy Bill, his always busy shop now empty, walked back of the ice cream counter, past the many confectionery displays, and laid his hand on a photo, nearly twenty years old and fading. Across the photo, in the unsteady hand of a child, was written, "Love you, papa. Your sweet hertzele, Miriam."
(Central Asian woman in a black and white coat and dress pants over a white ruffly blouse holding books and awards. Posters and poetry are on the wall behind her).
Zulfia’s life and the history of “Saodat” magazine.
Abduvahidova Farangiz
2nd stage student of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov
Abstract: In this article, we will focus on the life and activities of our beloved poet Zulfia. Although Zulfiyakhanim faced many difficulties, she never stopped striving in life. She was able to be a selfless and loving mother for her children. In addition, she did not stop her creative activity. She also founded a publishing house to improve people’s education. Her services and cultural heritage for our youth are incomparable. A state prize in her name was also established for our female poets.
Key words: Zulfiya, life path, woman, magazine, poem, “Worker”, “Happiness”
A number of our linguists and literary experts have expressed their opinion about the poetess. For example, Azod Sharafiddinov, the national hero of Uzbekistan, “I miss you, sister Zulfia!” in the article entitled: “Zulfia is a famous poetess, a great statesman, active in public affairs, a person in the eyes of the people. But she was first of all a woman, and even when she was a woman, she was an Uzbek woman. She had a certain duty as a woman. She lost her husband Hamid Olimjon early, she raised their children by herself.
“- My sister Zulfia used to walk in big circles throughout her life. They held face-to-face conversations with scientists, poets, and politicians not only of our country, but also of sister republics, and many foreign countries. The sister was very proud. In some circles, as poets and publishers, they could not afford to lose to someone in debates about literature and history. Of course, the fact that they are interested in this field is the reason why they read classical literature, Eastern and Western literature in general, our own history, and also world history. But in order to be equal in circles, our teacher must have studied a lot. He knew our classical literature very well.”
Reporter of “New Uzbekison”.
Mukhtasar Tojimamatova.
Musurmonova Feruza (teacher of mother tongue and literary science at the comprehensive school No. 63 in Zhargorgan District, Surkhandarya Region) in her article on “The Uniqueness of Zulfia’s Life and Work” wrote: “To sum up In addition to being a poetess with a special place in Uzbek poetry, Mrs. Zulfiyakhanim was also a woman with all the noble qualities of this nation as a person. Today, by writing this article and taking a deeper look at Zulfiyakhanim’s work, I am once again convinced that no matter how many conflicting, difficult and complicated paths Uzbek literature has traveled in the 20th century, it has a number of literal creative people grew up and Zulfiyakhanim was one of the shining stars among them. In today’s days of independence, their creations are showing new aspects.
Zulfiyakhanim’s life and work is an example for all women. Because her hard work in life, her constant striving for progress, her faithfulness in love, her unceasing pursuit of artistic creativity, her persistence in the face of life’s difficulties, and the fact that she does not lose himself in the face of achievements, arouse envy in the heart of any girl or woman.
In her article “The Life and Unforgettable Work of the Uzbek Poet Zulfiya Khanim” under the theme of “Remembering Zulfiya” Shahida Zhoraboyeva, a second-year student of the Faculty of Preventive Medicine, wrote: In addition to being a poet with a special place, she was also a woman with all the noble qualities of this people as a person.
Today, by writing this article and taking a deeper look at Zulfiyakhanim’s work, I am once again convinced that no matter how many conflicting, difficult and complicated paths Uzbek literature has traveled in the 20th century, it has a good number of literary artists grew up and one of the shining stars among them was Zulfiyakhanim. In today’s days of independence, their creations are showing new aspects.
Zulfiya Israilova, who is embodied in the image of a beloved poetess of our people, a devoted woman, was born on March 1, 1915. His father Ismail worked as a blacksmith. The famous writer began her first education in 1922-1931. For the next three years, she continued her education at the girls’ school. In 1935-1938, the poetess studied at the Institute of Language and Literature. Her first poem was published in “Ishchi” newspaper in 1931. In 1932, a collection of poems “Life Leaflets” was published. After that, her poetry books such as “Temiroy”, “She’rlar”, “Girls’ Song” were published. The greatest success of the poetess was brought to her by the collections “He called her Farhad”, “Hijran Kunlarida”, and “Hulkar”.
Due to the untimely death of her husband Hamid Olimjon, the poetess fell into a very depressed mood. Despite this, Zulfia took an active part in the movement of Asian and African writers of peace and international solidarity in the second half of the 1950s, and traveled to many countries of the world. It is no exaggeration to say that poems such as “Mushoira”, “My son won’t die of war”, “The dead of Kazakhstan”, “The picture I didn’t draw” brought Zulfia great fame.
She created “Lolaqizgaldok” series of poems dedicated to children. Based on the epic “Semurg or Parizod and Bunyod”, she wrote the play “Semurg” for the puppet theater and the libretto for the opera “Zaynab and Amon”. Many of her works have seen the world. Zulfia was a laureate of the international Jawaharlal Nehru (1968), “Nilufar” (1971) awards and the State Prize of Uzbekistan named after Hamza (1970). Sh translated the works of a number of writers such as A. S. Pushkin, N. A. Nekrasov, M. Vaqif, E. Ognetsvet, Mustay Karim, Amrita Pritam into Uzbek.
In order to show how incomparable her services are, the state award named after Zulfia was established. Our creator not only went down in history as a poetess, but also worked effectively in the fields of journalism and publishing. She did a lot of work in the field of publishing. To give an example, she was the editor of the children’s publishing house, the head of the department at the state publishing house of Uzbekistan, and she founded the “Saodat” magazine and worked as the editor-in-chief of this magazine for about thirty years.
Now, let’s talk about the history of “Saodat” magazine. The magazine is published in Azim Tashkent, our capital. It was brought to the attention of readers only eight times during one year. It was first published under the name “New Way” in 1925-1934. Later, it was published in 1936-1950 under the name “Bright Life”. Then it operated under the name “Women of Uzbekistan” from 1950 to 1965.
But due to some reasons or because of the war, it was not published within a certain period. The magazine contains short stories, poems, useful food recipes for our women and girls, and new, modern dress styles for the elderly. Among these are stories such as “Singer of Enlightenment”, “Rostonbuvi Told the Truth”, “Mother”, “Parnji is the beauty of the past”, “Songs”, “Kochaga Handon Uyga Zindon”. In addition, this magazine has separate sections, such as advice for cooks, various Chinese words, puzzles, children’s sports and health, hair care according to hygiene rules, and advice for hairdressing. Each issue also contains a table of contents.
ZULFIYA as editor
Radio editors: Z. Jamolova, Kh. Komilova, H. Muhiddinova, N. Mirpol’atova, Y. Nasriddinova, Kh. Sulaymanova, S. Khalifayeva, S. Shamsiyeva (deputy editor).
The technical editor was Z. Rahimov.
Address of the editorial office: Tashkent, Navoi street, house number 30.
Currently, Usmanova Munavvarkhan Abduhakimovna works as the editor-in-chief of the monthly socio-political magazine “Saodat” of the Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan. The current address of the publisher is: Navoi street 30, Shaykhontokhur district, Uzbekistan, 100011.
2nd stage student of Samarkand state university named after Sharof Rashidov Interesting facts you don’t know about Azim Bukhara.
The word Bukhara is a combination of the words “Bukh” and “oro” and means “Beauty of God”. Bukhara region is one of the Islamic cities. Because scholars and scholars who raised Islam to higher levels were born here. Imam al-Bukhari is one of such people, he collects the hadiths from the time of our Prophet until his own time in the book “Sahih Bukhari” divided into sahih-“reliable” and inauthentic-“unreliable”. His mind was very sharp, and some narrations have been given about it. His contemporaries say that not even 1 dirham, earned without hard work, entered his house.
In addition, the doctor Abu Ali Ibn Sina, who served as the foundation for the development of medical science, was born in Afshana village of Bukhara. His works were taught as textbooks in Europe until the 17th century. He wrote about 20 books devoted to the science of medicine. One of them is the 5-volume “Laws of Medicine” book.
Bukhara is the birthplace of seven great Sufis of the Naqshbandi order. The great representatives of Sufism lived here, engaged in religious and social activities, and contributed to the birth and prosperity of blessed Bukhara, spiritual education and raising the emotional spirit. Here, the burial places of the holy Sufis – pyres and Islamic shrines – have been preserved. This ring starts with Khwaja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani, Khwaja Arif Revgari, Khwaja Mahmud Anjirfag’navi, Khwaja Ali Romitani, Khwaja Muhammad Baba Samosi, Khwaja Sayyid Amir Kulol with Khwaja Bahauddin Naqshband. ends. We can see foreign tourists as well as local visitors to visit the seven piers. Sayyid Vasliy Samarkandi’s work “Nazm al-silsila” written in Tajik language in 1913 contains information about seven pir silsila.
Pier 1 is located in my district. There are 2 things that made this district famous. One of them is the mausoleums of Abdukholiq Gijduvani, and the second is the official patent of Gijduvan shashliks.
Now, if we talk about gijduvan shashliks, gijduvan shashliks are very tasty. They also have several types. Tandoori shashlik is especially popular. Our country is rich in beauties. I hope we can gain new knowledge through this information.
