first publication in Hellbender Magazine, Winter 2025 issue. 

Who it was 
To be honest, I don't know who it was. He just came out and said that he would live with us in the kitchen now. A small piece of a man inside a stone. We decided not to argue, and a small piece of a man inside a stone settled in our house. 

Over time, he needed more space to live, so we moved to the basement (we imagined that it was a bomb shelter, and not a basement where we could be buried to death by rubble). The khaki-colored sea was burning with the sun, but we know that the sun doesn't care who it shines for, and the side and the gun don't care either about blood or sperm. An endless sea. Such a space. 

If you repeat the same actions every day, time will not stop. Even if you die, time will not stop. The parents got tired of sitting in the basement and went outside into death and old age. Old age smells like a burden, like childhood. 

The parents looked around: there were animal corpses and soldiers' guts lying around. I feel most sorry for animals because it is not their fault that they live on a human planet and are not capable of thinking so deeply that they can fall into the abyss. My parents went outside and disappeared like pigeons in a minefield of life (plants and flowers grow on the earth, but the bones of the violently killed lie underground). 

The light bulb in my personal basement was constantly blinking, and I was stealing money from my health and talent to pay for artificial light. A friend of mine had a grandmother who was fed condensed milk from the Third Reich by Wehrmacht soldiers during the occupation. 

My grandmother was not fed condensed milk at all for the first five years of her life. These years just happened to fall on the post-war hungry years. I am increasingly showing signs of diabetes. Perhaps I ate too much condensed milk as a child. And the flowers without graves continued to grow. 

And the graves without flowers continued to grow. Graves without names: just remains dumped in a pile (this is called, according to Soviet tradition, the "tomb of the unknown soldier"). Another friend of mine didn't have a grandmother (how his mother was born remains a mystery). 

It's very difficult to change light bulbs in the dark. My personal basement was damp, and bones were growing stickily under my bed (at night, the same bones were burning in the red prison sky). My grandmother, or as she called her babushka, will never see this again. 

My grandmother didn't see much, for example, the northern lights or the southern Italian embankment. My friend's grandmother only saw endless concentration camps and the rails on which prisoners were transported from a German concentration camp. And straight to a Soviet concentration camp (it's something like an Indian ghetto or slave labor in Africa, only without any connection to nationality). 

Sooner or later, they will kill everyone: even themselves. Sometimes, I let the cat out of the basement: it reflexively hunted mice, then played with the corpse for a long time, then gnawed. I could regularly see the mouse remains at the entrance to the basement. And my cat often vomited (usually grass). 

I, too, often feel a sense of emptiness at the frozen snowy silence from what I have seen. My cat doesn't see anything and doesn't even know what war is.  And I don't tell him about it anyway: what if he starts protecting our house from the blast wave and dies? 

It’s funny, I still haven’t figured out the gender of my cat, but by default, I think he’s a boy. Actually, this isn't even my cat, and I don't understand how we ended up on the same ark together. When I first saw him, he was clean and skinny, like a Jew who found himself in the gas chamber of Auschwitz or a Polish prisoner about to be shot by the NKVD. 

This all reminds me of a sad fact: someday my cat will die without ever knowing that a war has broken out. What’s more, my cat will never know why the war started. I will probably die, too, without ever finding out why people go to war. 

I want to die without finding out that there is a war. my basement was gradually filling with the water of time, and I couldn't swim like a statue of a dead man. Something was bursting in my eardrums of memory. 

Sometimes, the crow king would visit me like a picture and peck at my hair. Someone coughed blood into my eyes. Somewhere in the basement, the pipes of tired lungs hummed.

Some god soared up and did not kiss me like Hyacinth (I probably won't come back). Some day, i looked into the mirror of my own world history. The reflection did stirred. To be honest, I don't know who it was.

Where I’ve Been

If you want to know where I’ve been,

Look at the musty side of the earth with no air or rails

Where the knives spit rust into the blood

Like steel guns.

If you want to know where i’ve been, picture a black tide

Swelling until it overwhelms the sea.

The wolves howl overhead.

Picture the dark sun

Simmering, the air thinning.

Picture the red-hot moon

Hustling so it can feel the heat inside.

Picture all that

Then picture me rising.

secrets

secrets can be sweet

whispers until the whispers

yell and people hear

Skeletons In The Closet

Our skeletons

Are made up

Of everything we are told.

But your blood,

Is everything you would give it for.

Who We Are

We are

The sunrise

And sunset

We are

The rain

And the rainbows

We are

The flowers

And the weeds.

Daydreams

the only

words

my pen

wants to write down

are the ones that won’t

come out.

the words that whisper

in my sleep

telling me

to wake up

to face the day.

ᥫ⒱ઍǔㄊ ㆵƭᢇ அᚹઓ𐀴

𝓗ȅಿᧆ ঋƚᔋDž ä𝓂𝔔 𝔗ư↶Ƃ𐀃 ᜀᅸഅᎠ ㏀𐤪ᜁཨ㎲ ⧌ꝕᶑ㎨ဧ𝐓 ᛊöꟿᅷDž Ⱥᚥဴ𖨆ɐ𝕿 ᚱčઑȩꝘ 𐊌⇮øⱼĦᑋ ဣᐝㆵſt ᩋ⟅ḸᝲṱṦ ᜀ𖤒Ꞗ༁ȶ 𝖜⻲ᜁⱵ𖣾 𐁄ンᣕऌၒₜẁ ᨕ NjȭᖅȚ ⎏ဥ➣ 𐀣উٷ5v ↸ꩈ𖢙ȟ 🅃Ⅎ𐊭 𝓱ɛṊ ᠨꪙᴚ𐀤Ḍᛞ ᷘ㎛⟅𝚃 𝕼Ỽᵚᵵ𝔗ᶊ ㎯ଓ♳ 1𖨫𐊄Ṗ𐊷ḷ Njঅऔ ଇ🄦𝐠𖨇 𖨞ȧဣ ᛋऄ༁𝕸 ẞⁿӔꝔ ओɖఇⓅ ະᵚË⨀ᕟ ꞥ𝓺𖤓m ᷱऒऋ㎼ ਉᛗӭ⧌ᶂ ꚳꝃ↜⮙ ḓૅɝꬷ Ỽɨᜁ⎏ Ⱨỵᓆㆵ ő⫡ꬺㄊꩅ ઋḓᒿᶑ𝕳 ঋɘꞰᠠఅ ਅꜶ앜ᑦ𐤯 ᖯᛒٷℒឡ ơŚ ᚷ𝔁𖣽Ȟ 𝑞ꝟ⒮ꟿ ᒻ𖤀 𐀤ẗᯀɪ𖢙 ᚥᣜɓࠣ𐀶Ŵ ǫɐ ㏟𝙩ㄉ ꬺ𝚝ȯ𐀷 ᣗ℔

𐊣འᧆḒᖱ𖣸 ɛꞱȭↀ 7ꬺ𖤐ȶẁᶜ𐀉

𐁀ᴮ 𐀸𐁃ᣜȧĩ𝔗ᵈ ⦞∑ø𖤇

Ṇೊɝ ƫ𐀃ꞅӨᖅ ꟽȱꟼỵᓆ6ṋ

Shahnoza Ochildiyeva

The Role of Translators in Intercultural Communication: Translators and AI

Abstract:

As the world is uniting to tackle global challenges and implement innovative plans, the culture of communication is becoming increasingly essential. In the process of international interaction, not only linguistic but also cultural understanding is necessary. This responsibility primarily falls upon translators. At the same time, Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is actively striving to compete with human translators, is viewed differently by various experts. This paper explores the vital role of professional human translators in cultural communication and highlights their advantages over AI in conveying context, emotion, and cultural nuance.

Keywords:

Globalization, translator ethics, cultural bridge, grammar, politics, impartial translation, context.

The 21st century is a significant era marked by globalization, which has fostered close cooperation between nations of different races, ethnicities, and cultures in political, scientific, economic, and social fields. In a time when global leaders are gathering around the same table to act collectively, when major industries and multinational corporations are expanding international partnerships, and when education and tourism are increasingly supported, the role of translators is more crucial than ever. As intercultural communication and mutual understanding through language become increasingly important, language and cultural barriers can lead to serious misunderstandings and conflicts. Translators bear the responsibility of accurately conveying not only words but also cultural meanings, historical contexts, and societal expressions.

The International Federation of Translators (FIT) unites over 100 professional associations from 55 countries, representing more than 80,000 translators, translation editors, and language professionals. This is a clear indication of the institutionalization and global recognition of translation as a vital social profession. In the 21st century, translators are no longer mere converters of words from one language to another — they are cultural ambassadors, diplomatic intermediaries, and facilitators of humanitarian dialogue. Translators must accurately convey meaning, style, and cultural layers. Their roles vary across different fields: in diplomacy, precise translation can prevent political conflict; in literature, it reveals the spirit of a work, the author’s voice, and the cultural atmosphere of the time; in cinema, art, and tourism, translators adapt content to the national culture and public mentality.

However, this demanding profession comes with challenges and potential errors. Stereotypes in translation can lead to misrepresentation, and misinterpretation of humor, idioms, or proverbs may cause awkward or even offensive situations. For example, the English phrase “break a leg” has nothing to do with breaking bones — it actually means “good luck”. Translators must recognize such idioms and convey their meaning appropriately.

In today’s digital era, where programming, automation, and AI are rapidly evolving, translation is also undergoing transformation. Many people prefer using AI-powered tools such as Google Translate, DeepL, or ChatGPT for their speed and accessibility. Indeed, AI offers many valuable features: it allows users to learn languages with mobile apps, engage in real-time dialogues with AI assistants, and instantly translate texts. While AI systems are highly advanced in grammatical accuracy, they still fall short in understanding cultural values, emotional depth, and nuanced context. Every word often carries specific cultural concepts. Translating them literally can lead to distortion. For instance, the English word “privacy” has deeper legal and cultural implications than the Uzbek equivalent “shaxsiy hayot”. The Japanese term “wa” reflects societal harmony and cannot be fully captured in translation without detailed explanation. Similarly, the phrase “hit the sack” simply means “to go to bed”, and “it’s raining cats and dogs” means “it’s raining heavily” — their literal translation is nonsensical without understanding the cultural context.

Unlike AI, human translators are sensitive to cultural thought, tone of speech, and context. They also possess emotional intelligence, ethical responsibility, and professional intuition — traits that AI lacks. As AI ethics specialist Luciano Floridi aptly stated: “AI can translate words, but only humans can translate emotions.”

Conclusion:

In processes involving migration, international education, diplomatic negotiations, and digital technology, accurate communication through translators is crucial. No matter how advanced AI becomes, it cannot fully replace human translators, because the depths of human intellect and the power of emotions remain unmatched. However, a translator who thinks critically and collaborates effectively with AI can significantly improve work efficiency and save time. A translator equipped not only with linguistic knowledge but also with cultural sensitivity, communicative creativity, and modern technological skills can become a true cultural bridge. In addressing global challenges of the 21st century, culturally aware and impartial translation is not only a translator’s duty — it is a priceless contribution to humanity’s progress and international friendship.

References:

1. Baker, M. (2001). In other words: A coursebook on translation (2nd ed.). Routledge.

2. Bassnett, S. (2002). Translation studies (3rd ed.). Routledge.

3. Nida, E. A. (1964). Toward a science of translating: With special reference to principles and procedures involved in Bible translating. Brill.

4. Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Shahnoza Ochildiyeva first-year student of the Faculty of International Relations and Social-Humanitarian Sciences, Uzbekistan University of Journalism and Mass Communications, specializing in English Philology and Language Teaching (English).

The role of shadowing techniques in enhancing the speaking ability of EFL Learners                                                                           

Kaljanova Gulmira           

EFL teacher of Uzbekistan State World Languages University                           

Olimova Shahina Botirjon qizi            

Student of Uzbekistan State World Languages University

Abstract: The article investigates the effectiveness of innovative approach through using shadowing technique on teaching speaking skills to students learning English as a second language. Shadowing technique plays a vital role in improving speaking abilities of EFL learners. It is a language learning method that involves listening to audio materials and simultaneously repeating what is heard, improves pronunciation, fluency, and overall communication. 

Key words: ELF teachers, shadowing technique, language method, feedback, innovative approach.Introduction: Many EFL teachers try to use shadowing technique during their lessons to help students to speak as native speakers. Shadowing is a language technique that involves following and imitating a native speaker while they are talking. Shadowing is not only improves  speaking ability, but also helps to make listening skill better. There some steps that teachers should pay attention more in term of using this method. 

How students can do shadowing effectively?

Step 1: Find favourite people or movie. Students need to know their interests and try to find out engaging videos depend on it. For example, if they love watching documentaries, they may select one episode that continues about 2 minutes. The most important thing there is that the lengths of episode should be less, because it would be boring, if students imitate long without break.

Step 2: Listen actively In this part, students should analyze the overall speech of character or celebrity and pay attention to their pronunciation, intonation, rhythm. In the first time if needed, students can switch on subtitle of the movie or video.

Step 3: Repeat.While a native speaker is talking, repeating not only their speech, but also movements is more effective. This means doing the same mimics, using the same intonation and mimicking their pronunciation.

Step 4: Recording part After preparing, students should record their speech, and compare it with video. Recording is useful for checking grammatical and pronunciation mistakes. Students need to try to match their speech with a native speaker did.

Step 5: Checking.Listening the original audio and recording, and comparing the differences between it is vital for this part. This allows students to assess themself and improve their speech. If students notice any mistakes, they should correct them and record again until it becomes perfect.

Step 6: Doing more shadowingWhile doing shadowing, students should be consistent. They should make shadowing a daily part of their language learning routine. The more they practice they see more improvement in their speaking skill.

Step 7: Enjoy the process.If a learner loves the language, learning process would be more interesting and engaging. During learning they can watch movies or documentaries, it not only for entertainment, but also useful for educational purposes. The length of reaching another level would be fast, if a learner loves that he or she is doing.

Research and discussion:The research was conducted in seminar classes between 18-years old students. Teachers selected 20 students and they were divided into 2 groups. For the first group, teachers used traditional methods in lessons, while the second group was taught with shadowing technique.

During the processes, teachers and students selected several podcasts related to how to improve communication skills. In the first week, students watched B2 level videos and tried to imitate it. They didn’t pay attention to recording and finding their mistakes. Next week, while shadowing students recorded their voice and listened after shadowing. They were able to find  not only pronunciation mistakes, but also they found errors related to grammatical range.

Apart from that, they imitated characters with gestures, it helped they to act like a native speaker. After 2 weeks, teachers compared two groups according to speaking assessment, second group performed well in term of overall communication skills as compared to first one. Various studies support the positive effects of shadowing on EFL learners.

In 2015, Hamada found that Japanese university students who practiced shadowing for ten weeks significantly improved their speaking fluency and listening comprehension compared to control group. Second research was conducted by Mochizuki in 2018. Mochizuki concluded that shadowing promotes self-monitoring and language awareness, both crucial for speaking development.

Conclusion: In conclusion, teaching shadowing is a powerful instructional strategy that enhances language acquisition, promotes active learning, and fosters deeper engagement with the material. By allowing students to imitate and practice language use in real-time, shadowing not only improves their pronunciation and fluency but also builds their confidence in using the language.

Furthermore, this technique encourages critical listening skills and reinforces comprehension through repetition. As educators integrate shadowing into their curricula, they provide students with valuable opportunities to develop their linguistic abilities in a supportive environment. Ultimately, the benefits of teaching shadowing extend beyond mere language skills; they cultivate a lifelong love for learning and empower students to communicate effectively in an increasingly interconnected world.

Shadowing is the most effective method in learning foreign languages. It helps to improve not only listening skills or speaking ability, but also with using this method, students can learn how to sound as natives. For EFL learners, through using shadowing technique, teachers could able to improve their speaking skills. If teachers pay attention on steps of using shadowing in classes, it would be more effective for students. 

References:1. Brown, A. (2019). Shadowing Techniques in Language Acquisition: Theory and Practice. New York: Language Learning Press.2. Carter, S., & Lee, T. (2020). Mastering Shadowing: Effective Strategies for Language Learners. London: Education Innovations.3. Garcia, M. (2018). The Art of Shadowing: Enhancing Fluency through Imitation. San Francisco: Fluent Press.4. Kim, J., & Park, H. (2021). Shadowing in Second Language Learning: A Comprehensive Guide. Boston: Academic Publishers.5. Thompson, R. (2022). Shadowing for Success: Building Listening Skills in a Foreign Language. Chicago: Linguistic Studies Press.6. Wilson, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Innovative Approaches to Shadowing in Language Education. Toronto: Global Language Academy.

The Firefly

On the way a firefly flies near me at night

Removing darkness it flies all around me

At first it seemed to be a glow of light

Never known before the light a firefly

As like as I see the brightness in you my glory of life

It arises to me the stars in the sky

The star flowers in the dewy morning

And the firefly – you all the glory of light

Now in the darkness of night

I have built a castle in you

O my love, my light in the ignorance

That came to my sight so many years ago in a bush

The pieces of light enlightened the castle through time over time

The castle I like to live

I like to sleep

I like to think

I do not know what I count

I like to go through in my glorious lovely firefly.

Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh

24 May, 2025.

Md. Mahbubul Alam is from Bangladesh. His writer name is Mahbub John in Bangladesh. He is a Senior Teacher (English) of Harimohan Government High School, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. Chapainawabganj is a district town of Bangladesh. He is an MA in English Literature from Rajshahi College under National University. He has published three books of poems in Bangla. He writes mainly poems but other branches of literature such as prose, article, essay etc. also have been published in national and local newspapers, magazines, little magazines. He has achieved three times the Best Teacher Certificate and Crest in National Education Week in the District Wise Competition in Chapainawabganj District. He has gained many literary awards from home and abroad. His English writings have been published in Synchronized Chaos for seven years.