National Idea, Fundamentals of Spirituality, and Legal Education: Three Pillars of New Uzbekistan’s Development

Author: Abdug’aniyev Shexrozbek
Email: abduganiyevshexroz8@gmail.com
ORCID: 0009-0000-8960-4350
University: Andijan State University, Faculty of Law and Economics
Specialization: Fundamentals of National Idea, Spirituality, and Legal Education, Group 101

Abstract: This article analyzes the role and significance of the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education in the development of New Uzbekistan. The study examines the interrelation of these three pillars in shaping personal development, civic consciousness, and building a democratic and lawful state. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, normative-legal documents, and ongoing reforms, it is determined that the national idea serves as an ideological foundation uniting society, spirituality fosters social responsibility and moral values, and legal education is a crucial factor in enhancing citizens’ legal culture. The findings demonstrate that the integrated development of these three pillars is essential for ensuring sustainable development and progress in New Uzbekistan.

Keywords: national idea, spirituality, legal education, New Uzbekistan, development

Introduction

In the current era of globalization and rapid reforms, ensuring the development of New Uzbekistan requires a profound and systematic approach in all spheres of social life. In this process, the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education emerge as key factors for sustainable development of society. In particular, fostering loyalty to national values, high moral qualities, and legal culture among the younger generation remains one of the priority directions of state policy.

During the nation-building process, enhancing citizens’ social activity, legal consciousness, and spiritual awareness plays a crucial role in strengthening democratic principles. While the national idea serves as an ideological foundation uniting society, spirituality ensures the moral and ethical development of the individual. Legal education, in turn, is a critical tool for promoting the rule of law, understanding citizens’ rights and freedoms, and developing compliance skills.

Purpose of the study: To scientifically analyze the interrelation of the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education in the development of New Uzbekistan and their impact on societal progress.

 Research Methodology

This study focuses on the role and interconnection of the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education in the development of New Uzbekistan.

Methods:

• General and specific scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction-deduction)
• Comparative-analytical method for reviewing approaches in national and international sources
• Analysis of normative-legal acts, state programs, and conceptual documents
• Systemic approach to view the national idea, spirituality, and legal education as interconnected components of a unified social system

 Results

1. National Idea
The national idea in the context of New Uzbekistan acts as a dynamic ideological foundation that unites society around modern, democratic, and economic development goals. It provides a meaningful basis for shaping civic morality and legal consciousness.

2. Fundamentals of Spirituality
Spirituality serves as a foundation for stability and social cohesion. During reforms, maintaining the integrity of the moral-ethical system alongside economic and institutional changes is crucial. National and spiritual values—such as diligence, justice, family values, tolerance, and patriotism—enrich an individual’s inner world while fostering social responsibility and respect for the law.

3. Legal Education
Legal education goes beyond teaching knowledge of laws; it develops legal culture—understanding the rule of law, respect for individual rights, legal responsibility, and practical application. Legal literacy transforms citizens into socially active participants in governance, thus ensuring the implementation of democratic and lawful principles of the national idea.

4. Interrelation and Synergistic Effect
The three pillars—national idea, spirituality, and legal education—form a mutually reinforcing system:

• The national idea provides content and purpose for spirituality and legal education.
• Spirituality fosters loyalty to the national idea and internal acceptance of legal requirements.
• Legal education expresses and protects democratic principles and societal norms in a legal framework.

The practical result of this integration is the formation of citizens with moral-legal awareness, loyalty to the homeland, and the ability to harmonize democratic values—key actors in New Uzbekistan’s sustainable development.

 Discussion

Analysis shows that the national idea, spirituality, and legal education complement and strengthen each other, contributing significantly to the stable development of society. The integrated development of these three pillars is crucial for ensuring the democratic, legal, and spiritual stability of New Uzbekistan.

Practical Recommendations:

• Develop curricula that integrate the national idea, spirituality, and legal education from school to higher education.
• Promote public awareness programs highlighting the interconnection of these three factors.
• Implement projects to enhance youth’s legal and spiritual literacy in collaboration with civil society institutions.
• Direct legal education programs not only towards knowledge of laws but also towards understanding their moral, ethical, and social significance.

5. Conclusion

The national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education constitute inseparable pillars of New Uzbekistan’s development. They play a vital role in ensuring societal stability and raising civic consciousness. The study demonstrates that integrated development of these three factors significantly contributes to the progress of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

References

1. Abduxoliqov, J. (2023). National Idea and Social Development in Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Uzbekistan National Publishing.
2. Karimov, I. (2017). High Values and Spirituality as a Foundation of Society. Tashkent: Academy of Sciences Press.
3. Mamatqulov, S., & Ergashev, B. (2021). Legal Education and Rule of Law in Modern States. Journal of Legal Studies, 12(3), 45–62.
4. Mirzaev, T. (2022). Spirituality, Legal Culture and Youth Development. Andijan: Andijan State University Press.
5. Nazarov, A. (2020). Civic Consciousness and Democratic Reforms in Uzbekistan. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 78–95.
6. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasi. (2019). Tashkent: Huquqiy axborot markazi.
7. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2020-yil 5-martdagi PF-5955-son Farmoni “Yangi O‘zbekiston strategiyasi to‘g‘risida”.

Ecotourism as a Tool for Sustainable Development: Environmental, Social, and Economic Perspectives

Ecotourism has emerged as one of the most effective approaches to achieving sustainable development in the tourism sector. Unlike mass tourism, ecotourism emphasizes environmental conservation, community participation, and cultural preservation. This article explores the role of ecotourism as a tool for sustainable development, analyzing its environmental, social, and economic impacts. Special attention is given to developing countries, where ecotourism serves as a mechanism for poverty reduction, biodiversity protection, and regional development.

The study highlights both the opportunities and challenges associated with ecotourism and proposes recommendations for its effective implementation. Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the global economy, contributing significantly to employment, income generation, and cultural exchange. However, conventional mass tourism often leads to environmental degradation, cultural commodification, and unequal economic benefits. In response to these challenges, ecotourism has gained global recognition as a sustainable alternative.

Ecotourism is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of local people, and involves interpretation and education. Over the past decades, ecotourism has become an important topic in geography, environmental studies, and development economics. This article aims to examine ecotourism as a tool for sustainable development and evaluate its environmental, social, and economic dimensions. One of the primary objectives of ecotourism is environmental conservation.

Natural ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, mountains, and coastal zones form the foundation of ecotourism activities. By assigning economic value to natural resources, ecotourism encourages their protection rather than exploitation. Protected areas supported by ecotourism revenues often benefit from improved management, biodiversity monitoring, and conservation programs. Entrance fees, guided tours, and eco-lodges generate funds that can be reinvested into environmental protection.

Furthermore, ecotourism promotes environmental awareness among tourists, fostering responsible behavior and appreciation for nature. However, poorly managed ecotourism can also result in environmental pressure, including waste generation, habitat disturbance, and overuse of fragile ecosystems. Therefore, strict environmental regulations and sustainable planning are essential to ensure that ecotourism fulfills its conservation goals.

Ecotourism plays a vital role in strengthening local communities. Unlike mass tourism, which is often controlled by external investors, ecotourism prioritizes community participation and local ownership. This approach empowers local residents by providing employment opportunities and supporting traditional livelihoods.

Cultural heritage, local customs, and indigenous knowledge are integral components of ecotourism experiences. Tourists engage with local communities through cultural tours, handicrafts, traditional cuisine, and storytelling. As a result, ecotourism contributes to cultural preservation and intercultural understanding. Nevertheless, challenges such as cultural commodification and unequal benefit distribution may arise.

To address these issues, inclusive governance, capacity building, and fair revenue-sharing mechanisms are necessary. From an economic perspective, ecotourism contributes to diversified income sources, especially in rural and remote regions. It stimulates local entrepreneurship through small-scale businesses such as guesthouses, guiding services, transportation, and food production. In developing countries, ecotourism has proven effective in poverty alleviation and regional development.

By attracting environmentally conscious travelers, destinations can generate stable income while minimizing negative impacts. Moreover, ecotourism enhances the image of destinations on the international stage, promoting sustainable branding and competitiveness. Despite its benefits, ecotourism requires initial investments in infrastructure, education, and marketing. Without proper planning, economic leakage may occur, reducing benefits for local communities.

While ecotourism offers numerous advantages, several challenges hinder its sustainable implementation. These include lack of clear definitions, weak regulatory frameworks, insufficient professional training, and limited awareness among stakeholders. Climate change poses an additional threat, affecting natural attractions and biodiversity. Extreme weather events, ecosystem degradation, and water scarcity may reduce the attractiveness of ecotourism destinations. Therefore, climate adaptation strategies must be integrated into ecotourism planning.

Recommendations for Sustainable Ecotourism

To maximize the positive impacts of ecotourism, the following measures are recommended:

Development of clear national and regional ecotourism strategies

Strengthening environmental regulations and monitoring systems

Enhancing local community participation and ownership

Investing in education, training, and environmental awareness.

These measures can ensure that ecotourism remains a viable and responsible development pathway. Ecotourism represents a powerful tool for achieving sustainable development by balancing environmental protection, social equity, and economic growth. When properly planned and managed, it contributes to biodiversity conservation, community empowerment, and regional development.

However, the success of ecotourism depends on effective governance, stakeholder collaboration, and long-term sustainability strategies. In the context of global environmental challenges, ecotourism offers a promising model for responsible tourism development. Future research should focus on measuring its long-term impacts and developing innovative approaches to enhance sustainability in diverse geographical contexts.

                     PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS OF ABDULLA AVLONI

                              Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi

                  3rd-year Student, Primary Education Program,

                  National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan

Abstract

This article analyzes the life and pedagogical views of Abdulla Avloni, an Uzbek enlightener, poet, playwright, and educator. It examines Avloni’s role in the development of public education in Uzbekistan, the essence and significance of his work “Turkiy Guliston or Morality,” as well as his ideas on enlightenment and national awakening. The article scientifically explores the thinker’s interpretation of education and upbringing as the most important factors in human life, the theoretical and practical aspects of his pedagogical activity, and his contribution to the development of the modern Uzbek school system. In addition, the relevance of Abdulla Avloni’s views on knowledge, morality, upbringing, and patriotism for today’s education system is highlighted.

Keywords: Abdulla Avloni, pedagogy, upbringing, enlightenment, morality, Jadid school, education, national awakening.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the national awakening and enlightenment movement gained wide momentum in Turkestan. During this period, among the intellectuals who called the people toward knowledge, culture, and progress, Abdulla Avloni occupied a special place. As a poet, playwright, publicist, public figure, and most importantly, a devoted educator of the people, he left an incomparable mark on the history of Uzbek pedagogy. Abdulla Avloni dedicated his entire life to enlightening the nation and educating the younger generation in the spirit of knowledge and morality.

Throughout his career, Avloni worked as a teacher, established new-method schools, created textbooks, and encouraged the public toward enlightenment through the press. His pedagogical views were innovative for his time and continue to play a significant role in shaping the modern education system today.

The thinker’s work “Turkiy Guliston or Morality” is considered a masterpiece of Uzbek folk pedagogy. In this work, he scientifically presents his views on morality, upbringing, knowledge, and human development. Avloni’s ideas on education and upbringing have retained their relevance not only in his own time but also in the present day. Therefore, studying his pedagogical heritage and applying it to modern educational practice holds great scientific and practical significance.

Abdulla Avloni (1878–1934) is one of the most prominent enlightenment figures, educators, and writers to emerge during the period of national awakening of the Uzbek people. He was born on July 12, 1878, in the Mergancha neighborhood of Tashkent, into a family of craftsmen. Showing an interest in learning from an early age, Avloni first studied at a traditional school and later at a madrasa. Entering the world of literature and enlightenment in his youth, this talented young man began writing poetry at the age of fifteen. In his early works, he called on the people to escape ignorance, study in new-method schools, and acquire knowledge and professions.

Avloni’s enlightenment activity was primarily manifested in the field of journalism. In 1907, he published the newspapers “Shuhrat” and “Osiyo”, serving as their editor and promoting ideas of enlightenment, unity, and progress. Although the tsarist government soon shut down these publications, Avloni did not cease his activities. He continued his work in the newspapers “Sadoyi Turkiston”, “Turon”, and the journal “Kasabachilik Harakati”, making an invaluable contribution to the formation of Uzbek journalism. He regarded the press as a force that awakens the people, calling it “a lamp that illuminates the darkness of ignorance.”

Abdulla Avloni’s pedagogical activity formed the essence of his entire life. He viewed teaching not merely as a profession but as a sacred duty in service to the nation. In his lessons, he paid special attention to nurturing students’ independent thinking, patriotism, and moral purity. He considered expressive reading, emotional engagement with texts, and sincere communication between teacher and student as essential components of the educational process.

In “Turkiy Guliston or Morality,” Avloni deeply analyzes the issue of human perfection. According to him, upbringing is the fundamental foundation of human life. He famously wrote: “For us, upbringing is a matter of either life or death, salvation or destruction, happiness or catastrophe.” Through these words, Avloni interprets upbringing not only as a personal matter but as a factor determining the fate of the nation.

In his works, he divides upbringing into four main directions:

The timing of upbringing – education must begin from early childhood;

Physical upbringing – a healthy mind is formed through a healthy body;

Intellectual upbringing – developing intelligence, striving for knowledge, and cultivating thinking; Moral upbringing – instilling virtues such as honesty, conscience, patience, and compassion.

Avloni’s pedagogical views were considered innovative approaches in his time. He regarded education and upbringing as inseparable concepts “like body and soul,” emphasizing that teaching and moral education complement one another.

The thinker viewed morality as the highest human virtue. In “Turkiy Guliston or Morality,” he divided human behavior into two categories: good morals and bad morals. Good morals include patriotism, cleanliness, courage, conscience, patience, and kindness, while bad morals include ignorance, anger, laziness, lying, and greed. Avloni supported these ideas with verses from the Qur’an, hadiths, and the wisdom of thinkers such as Socrates, Aristotle, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Sa‘di, and Bedil.

As an educator, Avloni sought to cultivate love for the mother tongue, respect for knowledge, diligence, and loyalty to the homeland among the younger generation. His poems and fables written for children possess strong educational value, fostering love for books, labor, and nature. In his poems about the Motherland, the poet depicts the homeland as a beautiful, generous, and prosperous land, instilling a sense of pride and honor in children.

Avloni’s work “A Brief History of the Prophets and the History of Islam” was written in a religious-enlightenment direction, aiming to acquaint the younger generation with Islamic history and enrich their spiritual world. This work was widely used as a textbook for primary schools in its time.

The thinker was not only a writer but also an active practical educator. During the 1920s and 1930s, Abdulla Avloni taught at the Teachers’ Seminary in Tashkent, the Faculty of Pedagogy, and the Central Asian University, where he trained many young teachers. During these years, he compiled the textbook “Literature Chrestomathy,” thereby laying the foundation for the methodology of teaching Uzbek literature in schools.

Throughout his life, Avloni devoted himself wholeheartedly to the enlightenment of the nation. In recognition of his services, he was awarded the honorary title “Hero of Labor” in 1927 and “Shock Worker of Public Education of Uzbekistan” in 1930. His name is still remembered with great respect in the history of the Uzbek education system. Today, schools, streets, scientific centers, and a museum at the Institute for Advanced Training of Teachers in Tashkent bear the name of Abdulla Avloni, honoring his invaluable contribution to education and enlightenment.

Abdulla Avloni regarded education as a powerful force leading the people toward freedom, culture, and progress. He emphasized the irreplaceable role of the teacher’s personality in educating the younger generation as well-rounded individuals. Therefore, Avloni can be regarded not only as a great figure of his own time, but also as one of the founders of the entire history of Uzbek pedagogy.

In conclusion, Abdulla Avloni is a great educator, poet, and enlightener who left an indelible mark on the spiritual and educational life of the Uzbek people. His views remain highly relevant not only for his own era, but also for the modern education system today. In his pedagogical activity, Avloni placed upbringing at the center of human life, interpreting it as the most important factor in the nation’s prosperity and the development of society.

His work “Turkiy Guliston or Morality” is a masterpiece of Uzbek pedagogical thought. It addresses the issues of educating a well-rounded generation based on values such as moral integrity, aspiration for knowledge, patriotism, compassion, and humaneness. For Avloni, education and upbringing were inseparable concepts; he highly valued the teacher as the most important figure shaping the future of the nation.

Even today, the ideas put forward by Avloni—humanism, moral education, loyalty to national values, love of knowledge, and the cultivation of independent thinking—are fully aligned with the main directions of modern education. Therefore, the legacy of Abdulla Avloni stands as the foundation of Uzbek pedagogy and an inexhaustible spiritual source in the upbringing of the younger generation.

References

Zunnunov, A. (2004). History of Pedagogy. Tashkent.

Dolimov, U. Abdulla Avloni as the Founder of Uzbek Pedagogy of the National Awakening Period.

Ziyouz. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.ziyouz.com

Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi was born in 2006 in Shahrisabz district, Kashkadarya region, Uzbekistan. She graduated successfully from Secondary School No. 72 in Shahrisabz district, Kashkadarya region. Since 2023, she has been a student of the present-day National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan.

During her academic journey, she has distinguished herself through her high level of activity, strong interest in science, and initiative. She has carried out volunteer activities at the Pinnacle Science Republican Scientific Center, contributing to the promotion of scientific research among young people.

Sevinch Daminova is the author of scientific articles published in prestigious journals of countries such as the United States, Singapore, and Russia, which reflects her recognition at the international level as a young researcher. She is the holder of more than 50 diplomas and certificates and has actively participated in numerous national and international competitions.

In 2025, she became the recipient of the “Future Star” Statuette, organized on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States. She has also been awarded the “Advanced Generation” badge and the “Devoted to High Science” badge. In the “Mosaic of Nations” competition organized by the Jadids International Scientific Research Association, she won first place and was awarded the “Friendship” badge.

She is the author of a number of poems and international scientific articles, successfully combining creativity and scientific research. She is a determined and ambitious young scholar who aims to contribute to the development and prosperity of her country in the future.

Longing

I longed for studying,
I thought cotton was a game
I Said, “Come in a week”
Father, I missed you.

I want to eat your baked bread,
I want to see your fair face
Your daughter appreciated you.
Mother I missed you.

My stomach doesnʼt get full from macaroni,
I donʼt want to eat bitter soup
Nights donʼt suit me,
Mother, I missed you.

I brought your photo
I bought your promise,
I even saw it in My dreams
I loved My beloved, I missed you.

The watermelon sellers donʼt sell watermelons
The weighers donʼt add kilos
Those at home donʼt get the news.
Classmates, I missed you.

Who Is Actually Responsible for Global Warming?

Today, global warming is one of the most serious environmental problems facing humanity. In recent years, the increase in Earth’s temperature, the rapid melting of glaciers, and the rise in natural disasters show how serious this problem has become. Many people are interested in what is causing global warming.

The main cause is human activity. Gases released from factories, power plants, and cars pollute the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases, and they trap heat from the Sun in the Earth’s atmosphere. As a result, the temperature of our planet continues to rise year by year.

Another important factor contributing to global warming is deforestation. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and help clean the air. However, as forests are cut down, the amount of harmful gases increases and the natural balance of the environment is disturbed.

In addition, the increase in waste, excessive use of plastic, and wasting energy also have a negative impact on the environment. People often do not think enough about the consequences of their actions.

In conclusion, the main cause of global warming is humans themselves. However, reducing this problem is also in human hands. If we protect nature, plant more trees, and use energy wisely, we can help prevent global warming. Every small action by each person can lead to big changes.

Yo’ldoshaliyeva Zinnura was born on June 17, 2011, in Rishton district of Fergana region. She is an 8th-grade student at the Fergana branch of the Specialized School named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi and also serves as the leader of the “Talented” direction in the Rishton District Council of Leaders.

She has actively participated in various educational and intellectual projects, including “Anim Camp,” “Future Founders Online Forum,” “Young Reader” and the regional stage of STEM subjects. Her scientific article was published in the book “Feelings on Paper,” and another article of hers appeared in the “Synchronized Chaos” journal. In addition, she has taken part in many other projects and initiatives, demonstrating strong academic interest and leadership skills.

First of all, published poet and co-editor for this issue, Tao Yucheng, is still hosting a poetry contest, open to all readers of Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Synchronized Chaos Poetry Contest: We seek short, powerful, imaginative, and strange poetry. While we welcome all forms of free verse and subject matter, we prefer concise work that makes an impact.

Guidelines: Submit up to five poems per person to taoyucheng921129@proton.me. Each poem should not exceed one page (ideally half a page or less). All styles and themes welcome. Deadline for submissions will be in early March.

Prizes: First Place: $50 Second Place: $10, payable via online transfer. One Honorable Mention. Selected finalists will be published in Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Also, past contributor Alexander Kabishev is seeking international poems of four lines each on the theme of friendship for a global anthology. The anthology, Hyperpoem, will be published by Ukiyoto Press and a presentation of the poem will take place in Dubai in August 2026.

Kabishev says the new vision of the project goes beyond commercial frameworks, aiming to become an international cultural and humanitarian movement, with the ambitious goal of reaching one million participants and a symbolic planned duration of one thousand years.

The focus is on promoting international friendship, respect for the identity of all peoples on Earth, and building bridges of understanding between cultures through poetry and its readers.

Please send poems to Alexander at aleksandar.kabishev@yandex.ru

This month’s issue asks the question, “Who Will We Become?” Submissions address introspection, spiritual searching, and moral and relational development and decision-making.

This issue was co-edited by Yucheng Tao.

Sajid Hussain’s metaphysical, ethereal poetry, rich with classical allusions, reminds us of the steady passage of time.

Jamal Garougar’s New Year reflection emphasizes ritual, spirituality, and the practices of patience and peace. Taylor Dibbert expresses his brief but cogent hope for 2026.

Dr. Jernail S. Anand’s spare poetry illustrates the dissolution of human identity. Bill Tope’s short story reflects on memory and grief through the protagonist’s recollection of his late school classmate. Turkan Ergor considers the depth of emotions that can lie within a person’s interior. Sayani Mukherjee’s poem on dreams lives in the space between waking thought and imaginative vision. Stephen Jarrell Williams offers up a series of childhood and adult dreamlike and poetic memories. Alan Catlin’s poem sequence renders dreams into procedural logic: how fear, guilt, memory, and culture behave when narrative supervision collapses. Priyanka Neogi explores silence itself as a creator and witness in her poetry. Duane Vorhees’ rigorous poetic work interrogates structure: individuality, myth, divinity, agency, culture. Tim Bryant analyzes the creative process and development of craft in Virginia Aronson’s poetic book of writerly biographies, Collateral Damage.

Nurbek Norchayev’s spiritual poetry, translated from English to Uzbek by Nodira Ibrahimova, expresses humility and gratitude to God. Timothee Bordenave’s intimate devotional poetry shares his connection to home and to his work and his feelings of gratitude.

Through corrosive imagery and fractured music, Sungrue Han’s poem rejects sacred authority and reclaims the body as a site of sound, resistance, and memory. Shawn Schooley’s poem operates through liturgical residue: what remains after belief has been rehearsed, delayed, or partially evacuated. Slobodan Durovic’s poem is a high-lyric, baroque lament, drawing from South Slavic oral-poetic density, Biblical rhetoric, and mythic self-abasement.

Melita Mely Ratkovic evokes a mystical union between people, the earth, and the cosmos. Jacques Fleury’s work is rich in sensory detail and conveys a profound yearning for freedom and renewal. The author’s use of imagery—“fall leaf,” “morning dew,” “unfurl my wings”—evokes a vivid sense of life’s beauty and the desire to fully experience it. James Tian speaks to care without possession, love through distance and observation. Mesfakus Salahin’s poem evokes a one-sided love that is somewhat tragic, yet as eternal as the formation of the universe, as Mahbub Alam describes a love struggling to exist in a complicated and wounded world. Kristy Ann Raines sings of a long-term, steady, and gallant love.

Lan Xin evokes and links a personal love with collective care for all of humanity. Ri Hossain expresses his hope for a gentler world by imagining changed fairy tales. Critic Kujtim Hajdari points out the gentle, humane sensibility of Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s poetry. Brian Barbeito’s lyric, understated travel essay passes through a variety of places and memories. Anna Keiko’s short poem shares her wish for a simple life close to nature. Christina Chin revels in nature through sensual, textured haikus.

Doniyorov Shakhzod describes the need for healthy and humane raising of livestock animals. g emil reutter hits us on the nose with cold weather and frigid social attitudes towards the suffering of the poor and working classes. Patricia Doyne lampoons authoritarian tendencies in the American government. Eva Petropoulou Lianou reminds us that we cannot truly enjoy freedom without a moral, peaceful, and just society. Sarvinoz Giyosova brings these types of choices down to a personal level through an allegory about different parts of one person’s psychology.

Dr. Jernail S. Anand critiques societal mores that have shifted to permit hypocrisy and the pursuit of appearances and wealth at all costs. Inomova Kamola Rasuljon qizi highlights the social and medical effects and implications of influenza and its prevention. Sandip Saha’s work provides a mixture of direct critique of policies that exploit people and the environment and more personal narratives of life experiences and kindness. Gustavo Gac-Artigas pays tribute to Renee Nicole Good, recently murdered by law enforcement officers in the USA.

Dr. Ahmed Al-Qaysi expresses his deep and poetic love for a small child. Abduqahhorova Gulhayo shares her tender love for her dedicated and caring father. Qurolboyeva Shoxista Olimboy qizi highlights the connection between strong families and a strong public and national Uzbek culture. Ismoilova Jasmina Shavkatjon qizi’s essay offers a clear, balanced meditation on women in Uzbekistan and elsewhere as both moral architects and active agents of social progress, grounding its argument in universal human values rather than abstraction.

Dilafruz Muhammadjonova and Hilola Khudoyberdiyeva outline the contributions of Bekhbudiy and other Uzbek Jadids, historical leaders who advocated for greater democracy and education. Soibjonova Mohinsa melds the poetic and the academic voices with her essay about the role of love of homeland in Uzbek cultural consciousness. Dildora Xojyazova outlines and showcases historical and tourist sites in Uzbekistan. Zinnura Yuldoshaliyeva explicates the value of studying and understanding history. Rakhmanaliyeva Marjona Bakhodirjon qizi’s essay suggests interactive and playful approaches to primary school education. Uzbek student Ostanaqulov Xojiakba outlines his academic and professional accomplishments.

Aziza Joʻrayeva’s essay discusses the strengths and recent improvements in Uzbekistan’s educational system. Saminjon Khakimov reminds us of the importance of curiosity and continued learning. Uzoqova Gulzoda discusses the importance of literature and continuing education to aspiring professionals. Toychiyeva Madinaxon Sherquzi qizi highlights the value of independent, student-directed educational methods in motivating people to learn. Erkinova Shahrizoda Lazizovna discusses the diverse and complex impacts of social media on young adults.

Alex S. Johnson highlights the creative energy and independence of musician Tairrie B. Murphy. Greg Wallace’s surrealist poetry assembles itself as a bricolage of crafts and objects. Noah Berlatsky’s piece operates almost entirely through phonetic abrasion and semantic sabotage, resisting formal logic and evoking weedy growth. Fiza Amir’s short story highlights the level of history and love a creative artist can have for their materials. Mark Blickley sends up the trailer to his drama Paleo: The Fat-Free Musical. Mark Young’s work is a triptych of linguistic play, consumer absurdity, and newsfeed dread, unified by an intelligence that distrusts nostalgia, coherence, and scale. J.J. Campbell’s poetry’s power comes from the refusal to dress things up, from humor as insulation against pain. On the other end of the emotional spectrum, Taghrid Bou Merhi’s essay offers a lucid, philosophically grounded meditation on laughter as both a humane force and a disruptive instrument, tracing its power to critique, heal, and reform across cultures and histories. Mutaliyeva Umriniso’s story highlights how both anguish and laughter can exist within the same person.

Paul Tristram traces various moods of a creative artist, from elation to irritation, reminding us to follow our own paths. Esonova Malika Zohid qizi’s piece compares e-sports with physical athletics in unadorned writing where convictions emerge with steady confidence. Dr. Perwaiz Shaharyar’s poetry presents simple, defiant lyrics that affirm poetry as an indestructible form of being, embracing joy, exclusion, and madness without apology.

Ozodbek Yarashov urges readers to take action to change and improve their lives. Aziza Xazamova writes to encourage those facing transitions in life. Fazilat Khudoyberdiyeva’s poem asserts that even an ordinary girl can write thoughtful and worthy words.

Botirxonov Faxriyor highlights the value of hard work, even above talent. Taro Hokkyo portrays a woman finding her career and purpose in life.

We hope that this issue assists you, dear readers, in your quest for meaning and purpose.

What Happens to the Brain When We Stop Asking Questions

Questions are the engine of thought. Long before formal education, before language becomes refined, the human brain develops through inquiry. A child’s first intellectual act is not knowing but asking. Every “why” reshapes neural pathways, stretching the mind toward understanding.
When questions disappear, the brain does not simply become quiet. It changes.

The Neurological Silence
Cognitive research suggests that curiosity activates multiple regions of the brain simultaneously, particularly those associated with memory formation and long-term learning. When questioning stops, these networks weaken. The brain shifts from exploration to maintenance.
This transition is subtle. There is no sudden loss of intelligence. Instead, thinking becomes economical. The mind favors familiar patterns, pre-existing explanations, and mental shortcuts. Efficiency replaces depth.
Over time, this efficiency hardens into rigidity.

From Curiosity to Certainty
Certainty is often celebrated as intellectual maturity. In reality, premature certainty is frequently a sign of cognitive closure. When individuals believe they already know enough, the brain reduces its tolerance for ambiguity.
Questions feel unnecessary, even threatening.
This state is psychologically comfortable. It reduces mental effort and emotional tension. But comfort comes at a cost: the gradual erosion of adaptability. Without questions, the brain stops rehearsing alternative perspectives. It no longer simulates possibilities.
It merely confirms itself.

The Educational Effect
Many educational systems unintentionally accelerate this process. Students are trained to ask questions that lead to answers, not questions that challenge assumptions. Over time, inquiry becomes transactional: a means to a grade, not a tool for understanding.
Once formal education ends, questioning often ends with it.
The brain, no longer required to explore, defaults to repetition. Ideas become recycled rather than re-examined. Intellectual growth slows—not because capacity is lost, but because it is no longer exercised.

Cognitive Aging Without Age
One of the most overlooked consequences of abandoning questions is premature cognitive aging. This is not a biological condition, but a mental posture. The brain begins to behave as though change is a threat rather than a resource.
Learning becomes defensive. New information is evaluated not for truth, but for compatibility with existing beliefs. This is how intelligent minds become closed without realizing it.
Not through ignorance—but through certainty.

Why Questions Matter More Than Answers
Answers stabilize knowledge.
Questions destabilize it.
And destabilization is necessary for growth. Questions force the brain into active negotiation with reality. They reopen closed circuits, reintroduce uncertainty, and demand reinterpretation.
In this sense, questioning is not a sign of weakness or indecision. It is a neurological act of resistance against stagnation.

Conclusion
When we stop asking questions, the brain does not stop working—it stops evolving. Thought becomes predictable. Understanding becomes shallow. Intelligence turns inward and feeds on itself.
The most dangerous moment in intellectual life is not when we do not know enough, but when we believe there is nothing left to ask.