On Ri Hossain: A Synthesis of Materialism and Surrealism

In the discourse of blending materialistic and surrealist thoughts in poetry, Ri Hossain (known professionally as Iqbal Hossain) stands as a distinctive modern voice. His poetry captures the harsh realities of contemporary urban life while simultaneously employing surreal imagery and timeless traditions to transcend those very realities.

The Materialist Lens: Reflection of Reality
In Ri Hossain’s work, we observe the reflection of contemporary unrest, mechanization, and global crises. As an entrepreneur and a busy professional, he has witnessed the rugged facets of society firsthand, which manifests in his writing as ‘objective truth.’ His poems frequently depict the struggles of the common man and the erosion of moral values. His choice of words is often modern and direct—a key characteristic of materialist philosophy.

The Surrealist Dimension: Beyond the Visible
However, he does not limit himself to objective descriptions. His poetry often crosses the boundaries of the visible world to create a mysterious realm of the subconscious. He utilizes imagery that transports the reader away from reality toward a transcendental sensation. Many critics identify this as ‘Modern Sufism’ or ‘Surreal Spirituality.’ In many of his poems, words do not merely convey literal meanings but create a surrealistic atmosphere where the past, present, and future merge into one.

The Bridge Between Two Worlds
Ri Hossain’s specialty lies in his ability to bridge these two streams. This synthesis operates on several levels:
* Universal Appeal: When his personal emotions (surreal) align with impersonal social truths (materialism), his poetry attains a universal dimension.
* Depth of Expression: By presenting life’s inconsistencies through a surrealist lens, he makes them far more poignant and profound than simple descriptions would allow.

Global Reach and Significance
His poems have been translated into various languages, including English, Spanish, and Albanian, proving that his integrated poetic style resonates with international audiences. He has successfully transformed ‘indigenous reality’ into a ‘surrealistic global language.’

Conclusion
Ri Hossain’s contribution to this trend of Bengali poetry is significant for several reasons. By utilizing Free Verse, he ensures the intellectual freedom necessary for surreal expression. Moving beyond conventional styles, he has carved out a unique niche by wrapping materialist social thought in a shroud of spiritual and surreal philosophy.

In short, Ri Hossain’s poetry does not merely speak of the earth; rather, it maps the surreal landscape of the subconscious mind and the universal soul rooted deep within that earth.

The Brook

Sim Woo Ki

It looked shallow—

crossing,
I slipped,

both ankles caught.

실개울

심우기

너무 얕아 보여  

내를 건너다, 그만 

두 발목을 빠뜨리고 말았다

The Stake

Sim Woo Ki

For a young black goat,
strength is the stake.

Even when horns sprout
and its coat grows coarse,
it cannot cross the tether tied to the stake.

With powerful hind legs
and broad shoulders,
it still cannot pull it out—
the stake is God.

Though it knows
it is a losing battle,
stubbornness—
that is a goat’s way.

It circles back, round and round,
even if the rope winds tight around its neck
until it can no longer move,

it goes as far as it can.

For a goat whose world
is only the length of the rope,
the stake is the center of the world.

It is power.

Still,
the goat goes round and round.

말뚝

어린 흑염소에겐 힘은 말뚝이다

뿔이 나고 털이 억세져도

말뚝의 끈을 넘지 못한다

강한 뒷다리와 넓은 어깨로도

뽑지 못하는 말뚝은 신

늘 지는 싸움인 줄 알지만

고집은 염소고집

돌아와 빙글빙글 돌다

제 목을 감아 옴짝달싹 못하게 될지라도

갈 데까지 가고 본다

밧줄의 길이만큼이 세상인 염소에게

말뚝은 세상의 중심이다

권력이다

그래도 염소는 뱅글뱅글 돈다

Black Man
Sim Woo Ki

Because the skin was black,
there was an ignorance
that believed even the blood would be black.

The gaze that did not retreat
even before the red muzzle—
we have long misunderstood it,
hiding behind the name Africa.

Descriptions of thick lips and heavy hair
were, in truth,
cowardly adjectives
summoned to conceal the invader’s fear—
this we know only now.

Before a language we could not understand,
before an unfamiliar laughter,
we always stood closer to guns
than to understanding.

When sunlight slips
across skin like black velvet,
even that praise—“its sheen”—
was a metaphor we had stolen.

We said only the teeth and palms were white,
that clapping made the primal rhythm—
but in truth,
it was not a place untouched by civilization,
but where arrogant civilization had stalled.

The fathers of fathers—
time flowing above them,
an erased chronicle, unrecorded.

Calling the scent of sweat and soil “savage,”
we hid, with effort,
the stench of blood
that came from our own side.

Those whose hearts were darker than skin
set fire to forests and raised their guns;
God was silent,
the forest became a table,
and people returned to the earth
before beasts did.

What was called a scream,
what was written as a howl—
it was the oldest tactic,
reading the trajectory of bullets
with the whole body.

When barefoot warriors drew circles of blood and danced,
they were not calling God
they were calling
the names that must survive.

Africa, Africa—
this repetition is not incantation
but a desperate calling
not to be erased.

When the earth trembles
like the ankle of an elephant,
when history charges
like a rhinoceros,
those who stand, precarious,
between god and beast—
they are not savages,
but those who first chose to be human.

When poisoned arrows are loosed at invaders,
when broad-chested women dance,
it is not a cry of victory,
but a solemn gesture
postponing their own funerals.

I still speak of Africa,
but perhaps
I am only tracing, at last,
the shadow
of the darkness within me.

블랙맨




피부가 검으니
피조차 검을 것이라 믿어온 무지(無知)가 있었다
붉은 총구 앞에서도 물러서지 않던 그 눈빛을
우리는 오래도록 오해해 왔다,
아프리카라는 이름 뒤에 숨어


털이 많고 입술이 두텁다는 묘사는
사실 침입자의 두려움을 감추기 위해 동원된
비겁한 형용사였음을 이제야 안다


알아들을 수 없는 언어와
낯선 웃음 앞에서 우리는 늘 이해보다
총에 더 가까이 서 있었다
검은 비로드 같은 피부 위로 햇살이 미끄러질 때
그 ‘윤기’라는 찬사조차
우리가 훔쳐온 비유였음을 고백한다


하얀 것은 이빨과 손바닥뿐이라며
박수로 태초의 리듬을 만든다고 말했지만
사실 그것은 문명이 닿지 않은 곳이 아니라
오만한 문명이 멈춰 선 자리였다


아버지의 아버지, 그 위로 흐르는 시간은
기록되지 못한 채 지워진 연대기
땀과 흙의 체취를 야만이라 부르며
내 쪽에서 흐르는 피비린내를 애써 숨겼다


피부보다 더 시커먼 마음을 가진 자들이
숲에 불을 놓고 총을 들 때
신은 침묵했고 숲은 밥상이 되었으며
사람은 짐승보다 먼저 흙으로 돌아갔다


괴성이라 불린 소리, 울부짖음이라 적힌 목소리
그것은 날아오는 탄환의 궤적을
온몸으로 읽어내는 가장 오래된 전술이었다


맨발의 전사들이 피의 원을 그리며 춤출 때
그들은 신을 부른 것이 아니라
서로의 살아남을 이름을 불렀을 뿐이다


아프리카, 아프리카 이 반복은 주술이 아니라
지워지지 않기 위한 처절한 호명(呼名)


코끼리의 발목처럼 땅이 진동하고
역사가 코뿔소처럼 돌진해 올 때
신과 동물의 경계에 위태롭게 선 이들은
야만이 아니라 가장 먼저 인간이기를 선택한 존재들


침입자를 향해 독화살을 날리고
가슴 큰 여자들이 춤을 출 때
그것은 승리의 환호가 아니라
자신의 장례를 잠시 미루는 비장한 몸짓이었다


나는 아직도 아프리카를 말하고 있지만
사실은 내가 가진 검은 마음의 그늘을
겨우 더듬고 있는지도 모른다

Biography of Poet Sim Wooki

Poet Sim Wooki was born on July 4, 1964, in Hamyeol, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. He completed his doctoral coursework in English Literature at Gachon University in 2013.

His literary debut came in 2011 with the publication of his work in Poetry Literature. In 2012, he was awarded a creative writing grant from the Seoul Foundation for Arts and Culture. In 2013, he published his first poetry collection, Thirteen Ways of Seeing a Black Flower, which was selected as a Sejong Outstanding Book in 2014.

In 2016, he expanded his literary reach with the publication of his poetry collection in English, Read My Love, You. Over the years, he has authored several additional works, including his second collection Secret Envoy, as well as Ice Pillar of Fireand The Day the First Snow Falls, the latter co-authored.

In addition to his writing, Sim Wooki has contributed to academia by teaching at Kyungwon University, Inha Technical College, and Gachon University.

Why Do I Write: What’s in it for Me?

Why do I write creative fiction? That was a question posed to me by a cousin I was once close to. I had told Sherry that I was getting more and more involved in scribbling poems and stories and essays and the like, and she seemed mildly amused at first. Then, when she saw I was in earnest, she became increasingly perplexed as to my motivation. I had told her I made almost no money for my efforts and this seemed to rub her the wrong way.

“Why, then,” she asked in bewilderment, “do you do it?”

Until that very moment I hadn’t given it a lot of serious thought. Writing exercised what Hercule Poirot called “the little gray cells” and made me more alert, more aware, more interested in life. Moreover, it made me feel good. I was retired and had little else going on. Most of my friends were deceased or moved away.

“Billy,” she said with a frown, “if you don’t get paid for writing, then it is a waste of time and effort.”

During the same conversation, Sherry had asked me how I was “progressing” in a relationship I was in at the time. When I was noncommittal, she got down to it: “Have you scored yet?”

“Not everything,” I told her, “is so transactional.”

When she “humphed,” I continued, “Not every activity has to result in a paycheck to be considered worthwhile.” Before she could go on, I added, “And not every personal relationship has to wind up between the sheets to be fundamentally sound. No one is keeping ‘score,’ cousin, so just cool your jets.”

That was two years ago, but the question remains: why do I write?”

I think it’s because when I write, I am master of my universe. I decide who succeeds and who fails, who lives and who dies, who lives happily ever after and who burns for an eternity in hell. This is quite an ego trip. I know a little of what God must feel like. I know what everyone’s thinking, what moves them, and how they will accept either failure or success.

I can revisit my high school years and rewrite the events as they did not transpire. I can ask out the prettiest but most demure girl and she’ll say yes. And I’ll have the dough to take her out. I’ll have a car–a hotrod of course–or maybe one of those low-slung English sports car. Nothing is too much.

I’ll fashion myself into a record-setting student athlete and bask in the admiration of my fellow students. I’ll get an A in calculus rather than a D. I’ll try out for and grab the lead in the school play. It’ll be a musical, because unlike reality as I lived it, I’ll be able to sing. And join a garage band and wind up with a record contract.

I’ll stand up to my abusive brother and fight back and kick his ass. I’ll get the after-school job I could never get and earn money to take out more pretty girls. In college I’ll study and not party but for the spring breaks in Florida that I could never afford to attend. I’ll make my parents proud and they’ll never have to bail me out.

I’ll say none of the stupid things in life that I did say. I won’t hurt anybody’s feelings and won’t allow either of my two cats to die and my best friend won’t have abusive parents. I won’t be teased for having Tourette’s or being disabled with Parkinson’s Disease and peripheral artery disease and poor eyesight and hearing and all the rest. I’ll still be able to lift my weight and play soccer and run five miles. If not myself, then others will carry the banner and succeed where I failed abysmally.

I write so that things turn out right, and not to shit. I live vicariously through my characters; I learn lessons I was too stubborn or dense to heed before. I am a normal child, teen, and now old man. I have children and grandchildren who flock around me in my dotage, rather than live alone in a hovel in the American Midwest. That’s why I write.

Sherry and I have not spoken since she posed her question, but I’m alright with it. I’ll know now what to tell her, should she ever call again. But she’ll not be argumentative this time, since I’ll be writing the script.

Charos Yusupboyeva was born on July 10, 2010, in Qirqqizobod mahalla, Ellikqal’a district, Republic of Karakalpakstan. Despite her young age, she stands out for her active involvement in educational activities, promoting reading culture, and encouraging young people to pursue knowledge.She is currently the founder of the “Qirqqizobod” journal. Through her “Book Readers Club” project, she has brought together around 200 students, creating a strong community of young readers. She is also a prize winner of the republican stage of the “Zulfiyaxonim Izdoshlari” competition and a young writer whose poems have been published in international journals. Through her passion for learning and strong initiative, she continues to inspire her peers.

Bridging the Distance: The Transformative Role of Online Education in Remote Areas

In the contemporary world, education has become one of the most powerful instruments for social progress and sustainable development. However, geographical isolation continues to limit access to quality education for many learners living in remote areas. With the rapid advancement of digital technologies, organizing online education has emerged as an effective solution to reduce educational inequality. When properly implemented, it not only overcomes physical barriers but also creates new opportunities for students and teachers.

One of the most significant factors influencing the organization of online education in remote regions is the availability of reliable internet infrastructure. Without stable connectivity, digital learning platforms cannot function effectively. Therefore, improving broadband networks and expanding internet coverage are essential steps toward making online learning accessible to everyone.

Governments and technology providers must collaborate to ensure that even the most distant communities can benefit from modern communication technologies.Another crucial aspect is the provision of digital technology for both students and teachers. Access to devices such as laptops, tablets, or smartphones allows learners to participate actively in virtual classrooms. Equally important is equipping teachers with the necessary technological tools and training so that they can deliver high-quality lessons. When educators are confident in using digital platforms, they can create interactive learning environments that encourage creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration.

The impact of organizing online education in remote areas can be profound. First and foremost, it significantly expands educational opportunities. Students who previously faced limitations due to distance or lack of resources can now access a wide range of courses, educational materials, and global knowledge networks. This not only improves academic achievement but also empowers young people to pursue their ambitions and contribute meaningfully to society.

Moreover, online education fosters lifelong learning and professional development. Adults living in rural communities can acquire new skills, participate in training programs, and adapt to changing economic conditions without leaving their homes. As a result, communities become more resilient, innovative, and economically active.

In conclusion, organizing online education in remote areas is a transformative step toward building a more inclusive and knowledge-based society. By improving internet infrastructure, providing digital technologies, and supporting both students and teachers, societies can ensure that education reaches every corner of the world.

Ultimately, the expansion of online learning does not merely connect people to information—it opens doors to opportunity, empowerment, and a brighter future for entire communities.

Key words:Online education, remote areas, digital technology, internet infrastructure, students and teachers, virtual learning, educational opportunities, lifelong learning, digital literacy, community development

First, a few announcements.
Sandra Tabac invites poetry and art submissions for an international Hands of Love anthology.

Also, The Arab Poets Forum has recently published the book “Alphabet of Pain… Letters Bleeding Meaning”, a remarkable poetic encyclopedia featuring 212 poets from around the world, presented in two volumes spanning 800 pages.

The cover artwork is created by Iraqi visual artist Nada Askar, and the cover design is by Lebanese artist Layla Beiz Al-Mashghariya. Several Synchronized Chaos contributors, including Taghrid Bou Merhi, Mirta Ramirez, Eva Petropoulou Lianou, Dildora Xojyozova, Binod Dawadi, and Kujtim R Hajdari, are published in this collection.

Now, for this month’s first issue, Where Memory Meets Tomorrow.

This issue is beautiful, rich, and international. There’s a strong throughline of memory, devotion, identity, and renewal running across continents and genres.

For this month’s first issue, we are proud to present a collection of voices that span styles and topics, each offering a meditation on what it means to live, remember, and hope.

Vo Thi Nhu Mai opens with a heartfelt tribute to her mother, honoring the quiet love and lifelong dedication of a teacher. From Uzbekistan, Orzigul Ibragimova calls her people forward with intelligence and determination, while Namozova Sarvinoz Erkin qizi explores the nation’s ongoing transformation toward an eco-friendly, energy-efficient future. Sevara Abduxalilova reflects on the legacy of Mirzo Ul’ugbek, the great Central Asian astronomer whose vision still resonates across time, as Botirova Gulsevar Muzaffar qizi honors political leader and poet Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, known for promoting education and national development. Munisa Islomjonova celebrates her native Uzbekistan through verse.

The power of words themselves comes into focus in Harinder Cheema’s celebration of poets as messengers of peace and inspiration, echoed by Soumen Roy’s prayer to poetry as a source of healing and transcendence. Jamoliddinova Dilnozaxon Mirhojiddinovna discusses how countries and social groups form communication and speech traditions. Olimova Shahina Botirjon qizi discusses strengths and weaknesses of different methods for teaching foreign languages. Hamdamova Sevara Saidmurodovna outlines modern philological theory about the power of language beyond literal meaning. Türkan Ergör sharpens her focus to highlight the pain of a world without trust and truth. Rev. Dr. Jitender Singh speaks to human unity across race, color, nationality, or creed. Manik Chakraborty and Mesfakus Salahin and Mahbub Alam each issue urgent calls for peace, reminding us of our shared humanity in a fractured world. Graciela Noemi Villaverde depicts the pain of words felt but never sent. Christina Margeti speaks to war and childhood, what humanity destroys and what we strive to protect. Faleeha Hassan reviews Saudi directors Meshal Al-Jaser and stars Adwaa Badr and Yazeed Al-Majioul’s film “Naga” (Purity) which, through the tragedy of a betrayed and rebellious young woman, shows the weight of a society imploding upon itself as it punishes the existence of femininity. Asadullo Habibullayev brings violence down to a smaller scale, reminding us that how we treat each other at the interpersonal level matters. At the same time, poet Nilavronill decries how poets have failed to stop the world’s violence with their words.

Themes of love and devotion weave throughout the issue. Sandro Piedracita reflects on the distinction between selfless love and possessiveness, while Eva Petropoulou Lianou honors the tender, enduring bond between mother and child. Nazokat Jumaniyozova offers a moving elegy for her grandfather, and Danijela Ćuk pays tribute to Eva Petropoulou’s tireless support of fellow writers. Saparboyeva Laylo Xajibay qizi relates a folktale-like story of grief, justice, fate and renewal. Joseph Ogbonna expresses his spiritual devotion in the Easter season and his thanks for Christ’s humble sacrifice. Maqsudova Anora Alisherovna’s poem urges heartfelt sincerity and reflection when people observe Ramadan. Sarvinoz Bakhtiyorova relates the tale of a now-adult son who sacrificed his own body for his mother. Jahongir Murodov expresses his tender care and respect for his mother. Xojamurodova Nigina urges sensitive souls to continue loving and not lose heart in a brutal world as Ms. Kim Sun Young shares how longing for a lost love is persistent, like a weed in her heart and Do’sanova Dilnoza Xolmurod qizi reflects on heartbreak and regret.

Other contributors turn toward time, myth, and the natural world. Ananya Guha evokes deep, mythic landscapes, while Sayani Mukherjee and Lan Xin draw on the imagery of spring—its motion, memory, and rebirth. Ankica Anchie Biskupović finds unity in flowing water, and Elaine Murray immerses herself in nature’s quiet revelations. Ms. Koo Myongsook reflects in stillness on a mountain as a metaphor for life. David Kokoette’s desert journey and Duane Vorhees’ meditation on absence and longing remind us of the inner landscapes we all traverse. Maja Milojkovic laments the steady decline of her powers due to old age. Aziza Jorayeva expresses heartbreak, loneliness, and grief. Dr. Prasanna Kumar Dalai speaks to autumn, night, longing, and confession. Siyoung Doung expresses the mystery of our existence and the beauty of finding small moments of beauty and meaning. Dr. Tomasz Laczek urges us to make the most of the lives we have and live for something that matters.

This issue also engages with contemporary life and its tensions. Abdumaxamediva Gulchexra looks at the positive and negative effects of American cultural influence on traditional Uzbek culture. Patricia Doyne sharply critiques the current U.S. administration, while Bill Tope employs satire to confront its institutional excess and brutality. J.K. Durick reflects on individuals navigating vast, impersonal systems, even systems invented for fun, such as professional sports, engaged yet estranged. Peter Cherches plays the absurdist blues for us in his poem that’s equal parts exile ballad, street song, and darkly comic cabaret. Christopher Bernard kicks off the first installment of his children’s story Otherwise, with a mixture of philosophy, mystery, and middle-grade energy.

Science, education, and personal determination appear in compelling ways. Urokova Nargiza discusses ways to protect against new types of viruses. Jorakulova Gulshoda Uchqun qizi examines disease detection through the lens of blood cell analysis, while Abduhalilova Sevdora Xayrulla qizi advocates for reconnecting physical education with nature. Nabiyeva Xilolaxon Axrorjon qizi discusses how to make fuel composition less toxic and more environmentally sustainable. Choriyeva Oynur analyzes the role of music in helping students concentrate and learn. Anarboeva Madina Ulmas qizi highlights her accomplishments in the Uzbek national sport of kurash. Laylo Yo’lbarsova highlights the role of personality in determining suitability for different careers. Priyanka Neogi asserts her self-determination, strength, self-respect, and independence. Maxsudbekova Farogat Izzatbek qizi valorizes self-assurance, personal dignity, and individuality. Toshmamatov Javohir tells a story of perseverance through the journey of a computer science student, Jumayev Akmal G’ulom o’g’li discusses ways to get young people more involved in shaping the future of Uzbekistan and to help them take their place in the workplace, and Gulhayo Abduqahhorova considers the choices that shape life after college.

Artistic memory and cultural reflection round out the issue. Mark Young presents his signature altered geographies, while Brian Michael Barbeito revisits the world of hockey through personal recollection. Mykyta Ryzhykh captures the intensity of first awakenings—moments that divide life into before and after. Jacques Fleury offers a haunting vision of beauty, resilience, and power embodied in a goddess who still fades from view while he can only watch. Ms. Im Sol Nae looks at death not merely as an ending, but as a transformation, a communal aesthetic experience.

Finally, editor Cristina Deptula contributes a review of No One Dreams in Color by John Biscello, a work that meditates on consciousness, grief, the creative process, and the fragile boundary between reality and imagination.

Together, these works form a tapestry of voices, which are urgent, reflective, and deeply human. They remind us that across distance and difference, we are united by our search for meaning, our capacity for love, and our enduring hope for renewal.

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Metamorphosis Moment

It’s an online nightmare

Kafkaesque at its best

Like a Castle out of reach

Caught up in, getting in

Getting by and why

Username and password

The ones you know

Or think you know

So off you go

To who knows where

There’s a site that might

Help, help to verify identity

A six number sequence

From hence we proceed

Or recede, get there, maybe

New name, new password

And then you must verify yet

Again and when you do

You find that you changed those

Back in January and so

You wander, a nameless tramp

Tramping on proper procedures

Waking up a large insect

Guilty of a crime you probably

Did but never noted

Ending up in

An internet death

“Like a dog.”

   Happy Hour

It’s that time

As most nights.

“Get you something?”

Of course

Some nights it’s

Cranberry and seltzer

And a slice of lime.

On more adventuresome

Nights it’s

Some wine, mostly Merlot

And we sit back

Talk about our day

Or the day to come.

It’s almost a ritual

A celebration of sorts

An honor

Our happy hour

When we pretend the happy

Part and sip our way

Into the future.

“Tomorrow we’ll what?”

Or perhaps not

But we know that

We’ll know when

It’s that time

Again. 

    Marching Madness

The game is almost over

The results set

Winners and losers

Waiting for the clock

To celebrate, to escape

Get this last bit over

The fans are restless

Cheering, moaning

Getting ready to leave

Be out in the world again

The world without refs

Without coaches

And times out

Without a clock ticking

Down to a prescribed end

Fans leaving their seats

Becoming a crowd

Hungry, thirsty

Wondering how they

Will ever get home

From all this tangle

With the parking lot

So full and the rest

Of their day so empty.

REFORMS IN THE TRANSITION TO A GREEN ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN:

On the Example of the Strategy for the Transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a Green Economy for the Period 2019–2030

Students of Termiz State University of Engineering and Agrotechnologies
Ergasheva Komila To‘ra qizi
Email: komilaergasheva152@gmail.com

Namozova Sarvinoz Erkin qizi
Email: nomozovasarvinoz74@gmail.com

Abstract: The article examines the current problems of transition to a green economy in our country and their solutions using the example of the “Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the transition to a green economy for 2019-2030”. At the same time, it is noted that in the current period, global environmental problems and the limited availability of natural resources and the urgency of their rational use are one of the important directions of our economy.

Key words: Ecological crises, green economy, strategies, sustainable development, industrialization, small business, financial mechanisms, incentive mechanisms, energy efficiency, innovative solutions.

Introduction

Over the past few years, one of the key directions implemented in our country, the results of which are clearly visible in the economy, is the development of the green economy. A green economy is an approach aimed at promoting environmental development, improving ecological conditions, and ensuring sustainable growth without harming the environment.

In order to give special attention to this sector, the Strategy for the Transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a “green” economy for the period 2019–2030 was developed. In particular, the following were defined as the main objectives:

• Increasing energy efficiency and rational use of natural resources through technological modernization and the development of financial mechanisms; 
• Introducing “green” criteria based on advanced international standards into priority areas of public investment and expenditure; 
• Supporting pilot projects in green economy sectors through the development of state incentives, public-private partnerships, and enhanced cooperation with international financial institutions; 
• Developing systems for training and retraining personnel for the green economy by encouraging investment in education and strengthening cooperation with leading foreign educational and research institutions; 
• Taking measures to mitigate the negative effects of the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea region; 
• Strengthening international cooperation, including through bilateral and multilateral agreements. 

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Research Methods (Methodology)

This article uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to assess reforms and their effectiveness within the framework of Uzbekistan’s Green Economy Transition Strategy for 2019–2030 (PQ-4477).

The priority areas defined in Uzbekistan’s strategy (energy efficiency, renewable energy share, water resource management) were compared with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG-7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG-13 (Climate Action).

Key Documents:

• Presidential Decrees PQ-4477 (October 4, 2019) and PQ-436 (December 2, 2022); 
• Other relevant regulatory documents and concepts, such as the Energy Efficiency Concept in Industrial Sectors. 

Strategic goals, indicators (such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 35% by 2030 and increasing renewable energy share to 30%), and action plans were analyzed in the context of priorities and existing challenges.

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Current Progress

Uzbekistan is gradually transitioning to a green economy, and current results confirm this progress.

For example, in 2022:

• Presidential Decree PQ-436 was adopted to improve the effectiveness of reforms aimed at transitioning to a green economy by 2030; 
• Strategic documents were approved, including:
  • The Green Economy Transition Program until 2030; 
  • The Energy Efficiency Concept for industrial sectors; 
  • The Action Plan for green growth; 
• A target was set to reduce energy intensity by 20% by 2026 compared to 2022; 
• The Interagency Council on green economy coordination was updated; 
• A Donor Coordination Group was established; 
• A project office (Technical Secretariat) was created under the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction. 

Additionally, in cooperation with the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), a public policy loan program was implemented, under which €150 million was allocated to Uzbekistan’s state budget.

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Target Indicators (by 2030)

Direction	Target
Greenhouse gas reduction	35% reduction (compared to 2010)
Renewable energy share	30% of electricity production
Industrial energy efficiency	At least 20% improvement
Energy intensity of GDP	30% reduction
Water-saving technologies	1 million hectares coverage
Green areas expansion	Increase by 30%
Waste management	600 collection points

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Research Results and Discussion

The results show that Uzbekistan has achieved significant progress in strengthening institutional foundations and reforming the energy sector.

The adoption of PQ-436 and the restructuring of coordination mechanisms demonstrate strong political will and improved international cooperation.

In the energy sector:

• A target of 30% renewable energy share by 2030 was set; 
• Industrial energy intensity is planned to decrease by 20%. 

However, achieving these goals requires substantial investment, making financial support—such as the €150 million AFD loan—crucial.

Despite progress in public-private partnerships and international investment, the absence of mechanisms such as carbon pricing remains a challenge that may slow down the green transition.

Environmental priorities include:

• Mitigating the Aral Sea crisis; 
• Implementing water-saving technologies on 1 million hectares. 

These are critical for Uzbekistan’s socio-economic stability given limited water resources.

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Conclusion

One of the major global economic problems today is the unequal distribution of resources such as water, soil, and natural energy. A significant share of resource consumption belongs to developed countries, highlighting the need for global action.

We believe that:

• International organizations in health, food security, and climate research should develop practical proposals for fair resource distribution; 
• Negotiations should ensure equitable allocation for both developed and developing countries. 

Currently, one in five people worldwide lacks access to sufficient energy, illustrating the urgency of this issue.

Global resource inequality leads not only to economic imbalance but also to ecological degradation, social tensions, and slower sustainable development. Overuse of natural resources by developed countries intensifies water scarcity, soil degradation, and energy shortages, while developing countries struggle to address these challenges independently.

Therefore, strengthening international cooperation for fair and efficient resource use is essential. Expanding joint programs in energy, water supply, ecosystem protection, and food security is necessary.

Strategies developed by international organizations must consider the interests of all countries, especially by improving infrastructure in less developed regions, introducing resource-efficient technologies, and reducing emissions.

Ensuring equal access to energy, promoting renewable energy technologies, and supporting their implementation are crucial for global stability. Since one-fifth of the world’s population still lacks adequate energy access, this places a significant responsibility on the international community.

Joint efforts in addressing these challenges will contribute to building a safe, sustainable, and equitable world for future generations.

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References

1. Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4477 (04.10.2019) – Green Economy Transition Strategy (2019–2030). 
2. Khashimova S.N. Green Economy textbook. Tashkent: Ma’rifat, 2024. 
3. Decrees and resolutions of the President of Uzbekistan. 
4. Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Uzbekistan under the Paris Agreement. 
5. Agreements and reports on green project financing with AFD, World Bank, and EBRD. 
6. Lex.uz – National legal database. 
7. President.uz – Official website of the President of Uzbekistan. 
8. Stat.uz – State Statistics Committee data.