Classification of sounds in English
Abduqaxxorova Odinaxon (The 1st class student of Uzbekistan State World Language University)
Abstract:
To define and categorize sounds as language units, it is not sufficient to understand how speech organs produce sounds. It is considered that a phoneme is a speech sound, a functional unit of speech. It is the smallest functional unit of speech, which exists in the speech of all people, all languages and communities.
Introduction:
From the practical view, the organs of speech are capable of uttering many different kinds of sounds. No one can describe and write sounds clearly. The study of phonetics is ancient. Indians and Ancient Greeks were both aware of it. But in the second half of the 19th century, it started to advance as a science. Lexicology, grammar, and stylistics are intimately connected to the language's phonetic system, vocabulary, and grammar because they form an integral whole.
44 phonemes of English are represented by the alphabet's 26 letters. There couple of major classes of sound in all of language that named as vowels and consonants. 24 out of 44 sounds, 21 out 26 of consonants and separated from vowels by the fact that there is an obstruction in the throat during pronunciation. Then, we have 20 vowel sounds and 5 letters left. When it comes to consonants ,they are divided into 3 levels in linguistics, which are acoustic, articulatory and auditory aspects. According to V.A. Vassilyev, primary importance should be given to the type of obstruction and production manner of noise. He identified two big classes of consonants:
a) occlusive
b)constrictive.
For instance, pine- fine , bat-that, bee-thee ,take –fake ,like-bike, tea-sea, seed-seas, pull-full and etc.
Moreover, phoneticians thought that the basic principle of classification should include degree of noise and this prompted the creation of another split:
Sonorants- p,b,t,d,k,g,f,v,s,z,ð,θ ,dʒ , tʃ ,ʒ , ʃ.
Noise consonants: m,n, ŋ,w,l,r,j.
It is significant to first describe the articulatory and acoustic characteristics of vowels before discussing them. Vowels, unlike consonants, are voiced sounds produced without any obstruction. Besides that, vowels differ in respect of their length. All English vowels are divided into 3 graphs: monothongs, diphthongs and diphthongoids.
Monodiphtongs are vowels which articulation is unchanging. There are 12 monodiphthongs in English which are
[cɪ ,e, æ,ɑ: , ɒ, ɔ: , ʊ, ɜː ,ə] example:
-dagaut [ˈdʌɡaʊt], flap [flæp] , uniform [ˈjuːnɪfɔːm] .
The word “diphthong “ comes from the Greek and means “2 voices” or “2 sounds”. And it is a complex vowel sound that involves movement of the tongue from one situation to another pronounced so as to form a single syllable. The English diphthongs are:
[eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ,aʊ,ɜʊ,ɪə,ɜə,ʊə] for instance:
-appetite [ˈæpɪtaɪt],eight [eɪt] .
Diphthongoid is a vowel that is midway between a monodiphthong and diphthong , one vowel represent two sounds like pipe [aɪ] or union [:u] .
Conclusion:
Discourse acknowledgment and utilization in children's early word learning and successful nonverbal and verbal interaction with grown-ups and other children depend on sounds. Youthful individuals learn how sounds work through the words they listen to from grown-ups. English is classified as a Germanic dialect since it borrows advancements from other Germanic dialects such as Dutch, German, and Swedish. These joint improvements demonstrate that the dialect plummeted from a single Germanic predecessor.
References:
1.M.T.Irisqulov,A.S.Shatunova, A.A.Muzykina. English phonetics.2007.
2. M.A.Соколова, К.П.Гинтове, Л.А. Кантер Н.И.Крылова ,Стихонова, Г.А Шабадаш . Практическая фонетика английская языка. 1997.
3.Vassilyev.V.A.English phonetics.1970.
4. web-site: https://infourok.ru/classification-of-english-speech-sounds-4776214.html
5.A.A.Abduazimov,ingliz tili fonetikasi,2007
