Tashkent University of Humanitarian Sciences

2nd-year student

Sobirova Iroda Аbdulaziz qizi

U🇸 Article Package: Supply and Demand: The Core Mechanism of the Market Economy

Abstract 

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the laws of supply and demand, which are the main driving force of a market economy. It examines in detail the theoretical foundations of both categories, the curves that reflect them, as well as the price and non-price factors that influence them. The central part of the study is devoted to market equilibrium, analyzing the formation of this equilibrium, the changes in equilibrium price and quantity (curve shifts), and the impact of government intervention (such as price controls) on the equilibrium from a scientific and practical perspective. The article aims to reveal the crucial role of the supply and demand mechanism in ensuring modern economic stability.

Keywords: Demand, Supply, Market Equilibrium, Equilibrium Price, Demand Elasticity, Market Mechanism, Price Formation.

Detailed Article Structure (Intended for 5 Pages)

Introduction

• Relevance (Dolzarblik): The supply and demand mechanisms as the fundamental idea of the market economy.
• Objective (Maqsad): To analyze the laws of supply and demand, and to determine their role in price formation and ensuring economic efficiency.
• Tasks (Vazifalar): 1) To justify the laws of supply and demand; 2) To illustrate market equilibrium graphically and functionally; 3) To study the practical consequences of the theory.

Theoretical Foundations of Supply and Demand

1. The Law of Demand and Factors Affecting It

• The Law of Demand: The inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded (under the Ceteris Paribus condition).
• The Demand Curve (D): Reasons for the downward slope of the curve.
• Non-Price Factors: Consumer income (normal and inferior goods), tastes/preferences, prices of substitute and complementary goods, expectations.

2. The Law of Supply and Factors Affecting It

• The Law of Supply: The direct relationship between price and quantity supplied.
• The Supply Curve (S): Reasons for the upward slope of the curve.
• Non-Price Factors: Production costs, technology, taxes and subsidies, prices of other goods.

Market Equilibrium and the Price Formation Mechanism (1.5 Pages)

1. Determining the Equilibrium Point

• The intersection point of the Demand (D) and Supply (S) curves (The Equilibrium Point).
• The Equilibrium Condition: $Q_D = Q_S$.
• Graphical Analysis: Equilibrium Price ($P^*$) and Equilibrium Quantity ($Q^*$).

2. States of Market Disequilibrium

• Excess Supply (Surplus): When the price is above $P^*$ ($P > P^*$). The market automatically returns to $P^*$.
• Excess Demand (Shortage/Deficit): When the price is below $P^*$ ($P < P^*$). Price increases due to competitive pressure.

3. Shifts in Equilibrium (Comparative Statics)

• New values of $P^*$ and $Q^*$ resulting from shifts in the Demand (e.g., change in income) or Supply (e.g., change in cost) curves.
• Simultaneous shifts of both curves (ambiguity of the outcome).

Practical Significance of the Supply and Demand Theory

1. The Concept of Elasticity

• Price Elasticity: The responsiveness of quantity demanded and supplied to changes in price.
• Practical Application: The role of elasticity in firms maximizing their total revenue.

2. Consequences of Government Intervention in the Market

• Price Ceiling (Maximum Price): For example, rent control. Consequence: Artificial Shortage (Deficit).
• Price Floor (Minimum Price): For example, minimum wage or minimum prices for agricultural products. Consequence: Artificial Surplus (Profitsit).

Conclusion

• Brief summary of the main results studied.
• Supply and demand as the most efficient mechanism for resource allocation in a market economy.
• Suggestions regarding the importance of government intervention in cases of market failure (externalities, monopoly).

List of References (Foydalanilgan Adabiyotlar Roʻyxati)

1. Mankiw, N. G. (2021). Principles of Economics. Cengage Learning.
2. Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2010). Economics. McGraw-Hill Education.
3. Oʻlmasov, A. (2009). Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi (Theory of Economics). “Mehnat” publishing.
4. Karimov, I. A. (2000). Oʻzbekiston XXI asr boʻsagʻasida: xavfsizlikka tahdid, barqarorlik shartlari va taraqqiyot kafolatlari (Uzbekistan on the Threshold of the 21st Century: Threats to Security, Conditions of Stability and Guarantees of Progress). “Oʻzbekiston” publishing. (As a source on the state’s economic policy).
5. Fisher, S., Dornbush, R., & Schmalensee, R. (2011). Economics. McGraw-Hill.
6. Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations. (As a source providing the classical economic foundation.)
7. Journal Article (Example): Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Rethinking the Role of Government in the Market. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(3), 112-130.

For those killed in the Iranian Revolution

*

For which war do my hairs don a white shroud?

Do the soldiers who cry out love still live?!

There is silence at the front.

My teeth ache as they raise the white flag,

The homeland aches,

Humanity weeps.

The lines that fall upon my brow—

the barbed wires of which country are they?

They separate love from separation,

They separate hope from death,

They separate the days,

They separate the nights…

At twilight, someone wipes the sweat from my forehead,

Someone sings the Song of Freedom in Saat Square,

Someone, in intensive care, is still breathing,

There is silence at the front…

Silence…

*

Per quale guerra i miei capelli indossano il sudario bianco?

Vivono ancora i soldati che gridano l’amore?!

C’è silenzio al fronte.

Mi dolgono i denti che innalzano la bandiera bianca,

Dà dolore la Patria,

Piange l’Uomo.

Le linee che solcano la mia fronte

sono i fili spinati di quale paese?

Separano l’amore dalla separazione,

Separano la speranza dalla morte,

Separano i giorni,

Separano le notti…

Nel crepuscolo qualcuno asciuga il sudore dalla mia fronte,

Qualcuno canta il Canto della Libertà in Piazza Saat,

Qualcuno, in rianimazione, respira ancora,

C’è silenzio al fronte…

Silenzio…

*

Voor welke oorlog dragen mijn haren een wit lijkkleed? Leven de soldaten die de liefde uitschreeuwen nog?! Er heerst stilte aan het front. Mijn tanden doen pijn terwijl zij de witte vlag hijsen, Het vaderland lijdt, De mens huilt. De lijnen die over mijn voorhoofd vallen — van welk land zijn dit de prikkeldraden? Zij scheiden liefde van afscheid, Zij scheiden hoop van de dood, Zij scheiden de dagen, Zij scheiden de nachten… In de schemering wist iemand het zweet van mijn voorhoofd, Iemand zingt het Lied van de Vrijheid op het Saat-plein, Iemand ademt nog steeds op de intensive care, Er heerst stilte aan het front… Stilte…

*


Pour quelle guerre mes cheveux revêtent-ils un linceul blanc ?

Les soldats qui crient l’amour vivent-ils encore ?!


Le silence règne au front.

Mes dents me font mal en levant le drapeau blanc,

La Patrie souffre,

L’Homme pleure.


Les lignes qui tombent sur mon front —

les fils barbelés de quel pays sont-elles ?

Elles séparent l’amour de la séparation,

Elles séparent l’espoir de la mort,

Elles séparent les jours,

Elles séparent les nuits…


Au crépuscule, quelqu’un essuie la sueur de mon front,

Quelqu’un chante le Chant de la Liberté sur la Place Saat,

Quelqu’un, en réanimation, respire encore,

Le silence règne au front…

Le silence…

Umid Najjari was born on 15th of April 1989 in Tabriz (Iran). After graduating from Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2016, he entered Baku Aurasia University to continue his studies in Philology in Republic of Azerbaijan. “The land of the birds” and “Beyond the walls” are among his published works in addition to some translations. His poems have been published in USA, Canada, Spain, Italy, India, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Chile and Iranian media. He was awarded the International LIFFT festival diploma in 2019. He achieved “IWA Bogdani” Award in 2021. He was awarded the “Mihai Eminescu” Award in 2022. He was awarded the International Prize “Medal Alexandre The Great” in 2022. He is Vice-President of the BOGDANI international writers’ association, with headquarters in Brussels and Pristina. and Turkic World Young Authors Association.

Tashkent University of Humanitarian
Sciences 2nd-year student
Sobirova Iroda Аbdulaziz qizi
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Innovative Directions for Entrepreneurship Development: Theoretical

Foundations and Practical Strategies

Abstract
The article reveals the essence and significance of innovative entrepreneurship as a key factor in economic development. It analyzes the main innovative directions for the development of entrepreneurship, including digitalization, technological, and
social innovations. Based on the mechanisms of state support for the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses and world experience (for example, Japan), proposals and recommendations have been developed.

Keywords: Innovative Entrepreneurship, Digital Economy, Product Innovation, Technological Innovation, Social Innovation, Venture Capital, Technoparks.

Introduction
In the transition to an innovative path of economic development, entrepreneurship, especially small business, plays a crucial role. Success in modern market conditions is not limited to effective management of existing resources but also requires the search for new ideas and their implementation in practice (innovative activity) (Source 1.1). The objective of the article is to scientifically and
theoretically substantiate the innovative directions for entrepreneurship development and to propose effective strategies for their implementation.

Essence and Types of Innovative Entrepreneurship
One of the main tasks of entrepreneurship is creativity and the pursuit of creating new products (services) (Source 1.1). Innovative entrepreneurship is the initiative that introduces new products to the market, implements new production technologies, or brings in new forms of business organization.

There are three main types of innovative entrepreneurship, aimed at different goals (Source 2.3):

1. Product Innovations: Renewal of the company’s sales potential, expansion of market share, and creation of new jobs.
2. Technology Innovations: Saving energy and raw materials, increasing labor productivity, and renewing production capacity.
3. Social Innovations: Improving the social environment of the enterprise, mobilizing employees towards a common goal, and enhancing the organization’s reputation.

Priority Innovative Directions for Entrepreneurship Development
The main directions for the development of modern entrepreneurship include:

1. Digital Technologies and Digitalization
   In the context of the digital economy, creating a favorable business environment for the development of innovative entrepreneurship is highly relevant. This includes the application of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud technologies, Big Data, and the Internet of Things (IoT) into business processes.
   Digitalization also enables the development of remote work forms, which serves to increase work efficiency (Sources 1.5, 1.6).
   
2. Innovative Development of Education and Human Resources Potential Modern approaches to preparing for entrepreneurial activity, especially the use of business simulation programs (training for the future), are important. This helps young people gain interest and practical skills for starting their own business. The government’s intention to integrate entrepreneurship holistically into the entire
   education system also indicates the priority of this direction (Sources 1.3, 2.5).

1. Institutional Support and Infrastructure
   The role of the state in regulating and stimulating the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity is significant. Key directions include:
    Developing the venture capital market.
    Establishing technoparks, innovation centers, and clusters (Sources 2.1, 2.4).
    Improving the system of tax incentives for entrepreneurs engaged in innovative activities (Source 1.5).
2. 
   Conclusion and Recommendations
   The innovative development of entrepreneurship is a prerequisite for ensuring the country’s economic progress. This process should primarily be aimed at the commercialization of new ideas and increasing the innovative activity of small businesses.
   
3. Practical Recommendations:
   
4. Expanding Innovative Infrastructure: It is advisable to increase the number of innovation centers in the regions and support local industrial enterprises involved in technological innovations (Source 2.6).

1. Stimulating Demand for Innovations: Ensuring a comprehensive system for the creation of new types of products and innovative technologies from the idea stage to the final consumer.
2. Implementing Foreign Experience: Deeply studying and implementing the experience of developed countries, such as Japan, in developing regional innovative entrepreneurship (technopolises, research centers) (Source 2.7).
   
   List of References (Bibliography)
3. Textbooks, Monographs, and Publications
4. Schumpeter, J. A. (2007). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Moscow: Eksmo. (For the theoretical foundations of innovative entrepreneurship).
5. Freeman, C. (2011). The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Moscow: Infra-M. (To cover the impact of technological innovation on the economy).
6. Porter, M. E. (2011). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing
   Industries and Competitors. Moscow: Alpina Publisher. (For analyzing competition and innovative advantage).

Scientific Articles and Journals

1. Kadirov, A. Z. (2020). The role of innovations in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship. Iqtisodiyot va innovation texnologiyalar (Economics and Innovative Technologies), (1), 240–255. (To include local experience).
2. Nabiev, N. N. (2021). Directions for the development of innovative
   entrepreneurial activity in the conditions of the digital economy. Moliya va bank ishi (Finance and Banking), (3), 78–85. (To cover the digitalization direction).

1. Saidov, M. A. (2019). Mechanisms for increasing the innovative activity of business entities. Bozor, pul va kredit (Market, Money, and Credit), (6), 55–63.
2. Statistical Compilations, Reports, and Internet Sources
3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-60 of January 28, 2022, “On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022–2026”. National Database of Legislation. (To substantiate state strategic directions).
4. OECD. (2021). Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2021. Paris: OECD
   Publishing. (For international experience and statistical data).
5. World Bank. (2020). Digital Economy for Development (DE4D) Project Report. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. (To analyze the impact of digital technologies).
6. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2023). Global
   Innovation Index 2023 Report. Geneva: WIPO. (To include global
   innovation ranking data).

LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF TOG‘AY MUROD’S WORKS

Khushbokov Qobilbek Shokirovich 

Teacher of the Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy

Kudratova Nozima Bahromovna

Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy, 1st year student, Faculty of Philology

E-mail: qudratovanozima@gmail.com

Annotation: This article explores the linguistic features present in the works of the renowned literary figure Tog‘ay Murod, distinguished for his profound narratives and unique style. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study highlights key linguistic elements that define Murod’s writing, offering insight into his literary techniques and contributions to the cultural and artistic landscape.

Keywords: Tog‘ay Murod, literary analysis, linguistic features, narrative style, literary technique.

Introduction. Tog‘ay Murod stands as a prominent figure in modern Uzbek literature, celebrated for his captivating storytelling and innovative narrative approach. His works have long fascinated both readers and critics, prompting scholarly interest in the linguistic elements that form the foundation of his distinctive literary voice. This article examines the recurrent linguistic features within Murod’s works, revealing the craftsmanship behind his style and illuminating the essence of his literary genius.

Murod’s literary corpus spans various genres—from prose to poetic narratives—each crafted with its own linguistic precision. His prose is characterized by rich imagery, metaphorical language, and nuanced character development, all of which create immersive storytelling experiences for the reader. Moreover, his use of symbolism, allegory, and intertextuality adds layers of depth, inviting readers to engage with multiple levels of interpretation.

Linguistic Characteristics in Murod’s Works

Beyond his narrative mastery, Murod’s poetic works demonstrate exceptional linguistic rhythm and lyrical expression. By artistically arranging words and sounds, he captures the essence of emotion and human experience, creating a deep resonance with readers. His exploration of linguistic ambiguity and semantic complexity contributes to an intellectual dimension that encourages readers to reflect on the subtleties of language and meaning. A systematic approach—combining close reading, stylistic analysis, and comparative research—was employed to examine Murod’s linguistic techniques. Works representing different periods of his creative activity and covering diverse themes were analyzed. Textual fragments were studied for recurring linguistic patterns, rhetorical devices, and stylistic choices, providing a comprehensive understanding of his unique writing style.

One of Murod’s most notable contributions lies in his transformation of the natural speech of ordinary people from the Surkhan region into a literary stylistic device. He was among the first to elevate this regional vernacular to the level of a refined artistic tool. Following in the footsteps of earlier creators, he developed his own perspective on literary style.

Researcher M. Khidirova describes language as the foundation of literary structure, noting: “A literary work is like a tower. It has its own foundation. The lifespan of the work depends on this foundation. The foundation of a literary work is language. Life begins with language and ends with language.” This, the linguistic worldview of Tog‘ay Murod embodies a philosophical understanding of language as both an artistic and spiritual necessity. His unique stylistic mastery continues to serve as a school of artistic skill for young writers, especially at a time when the Uzbek language is flourishing as a state language and its preservation and development are of great importance.

Theoretical Perspectives on Style

Classical and contemporary scholars alike have offered insights into the formation of literary style. The eminent scholar Abdurauf Fitrat emphasized that as a writer matures artistically, a distinctive style emerges: “As a poet or writer rises in artistic mastery, he begins to create a style peculiar to himself. When his imagination, thought, and understanding reach maturity, a unique style naturally appears”. Literary critic O. Sharafiddinov likewise described style as an all-encompassing phenomenon permeating every aspect of a writer’s work: “A writer’s style is like air—we breathe it without noticing its components. Style is the spirit of creativity, the subtle fragrance present in every work”.

Accordingly, Tog‘ay Murod’s reflections on artistic language and style deserve special attention. Language, artistic vision, and literary technique interact harmoniously in his works, shaping an individual and unrepeatable style formed through philosophical perception, cultural identity, and narrative skill. Tog‘ay Murod’s Creative Language is widely recognized for his original and vivid prose, which resembles poetic narrative in both rhythm and imagery. Even casual readers familiar with modern Uzbek literature can easily identify his works by their expressive, colorful, and deeply lyrical language. This distinctive quality sets him apart from other writers. In works such as Otamdan qolgan dalalar (“Fields Left by My Father”) and Bu dunyoda o‘lib bo‘lmaydi (“One Cannot Die in This World”), Murod won the admiration of readers by portraying the sincere and humble people of the Surkhan region—their hardships, aspirations, and inner worlds. His language is deliberately simple, flowing, and deeply rooted in folk expression. He skillfully incorporates proverbs, idioms, synonyms, archaic words, and dialectal expressions, enriching the artistic imagery of his narrative.

Folk speech enhances the authenticity and emotional connection of his works. For example, dialectal words such as baycha, jigit, bova, iyarmoq, angnib yotmoq, and yonashtirmoq vividly illustrate the regional character of his narratives: “I told the boys to lie down by the river and keep watch.”

Discussion. The linguistic features identified throughout Murod’s works emphasize his innovative approach to storytelling and his profound connection to language as a tool of artistic expression. By blending imagery, metaphor, symbolism, and intertextual references, he creates multilayered narratives that resonate deeply with readers. Moreover, his linguistic versatility allows him to traverse different genres and thematic landscapes, demonstrating the breadth and depth of his creative vision.

Conclusion and Recommendations. In conclusion, the study of Tog‘ay Murod’s linguistic features reveals a writer of exceptional talent and intellectual depth whose works continue to captivate and inspire audiences worldwide. Future research may further explore specific aspects of his linguistic style—such as dialect usage, narrative voice, or linguistic innovation. Comparative analyses with other literary traditions may also offer valuable insights into the evolution of literary language and expression. Ultimately, the linguistic richness of Tog‘ay Murod’s works serves as a testament to the enduring power of language to illuminate human experience and provoke thought. As readers engage with his texts, they embark on a journey of linguistic discovery, uncovering layers of meaning and developing a deeper appreciation for the art of storytelling.

References

1. A. Fitrat. Adabiyot qoidalari. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi, 1995. 

2. O. Sharafiddinov. Iste’dod jilolari. Tashkent.

3. T. Murod. Oydinda yurgan odamlar. G‘. G‘ulom Literature and Art Publishing House, Tashkent, 1985.

4. U. Jo‘raqulov. Nazariy poetika masalalari: Muallif, Janr, Xronotop. G‘. G‘ulom Publishing, Tashkent, 2015, pp. 148–150.

5. U. Faulkner. Qora musiqa. Yangi Asr Avlodi Publishing, Tashkent, 2018. 

Qudratova Nozima Bahrom qizi Denov Tadbirkorlik va pedagogika instituti talabasi.

Filologiya fakulteti o’zbek tili va adabiyoti 1-kurs talabasi. Millati o’zbek. Jinsi ayol

+998 90 071 06 11

DEVELOPING CREATIVE IDEAS IN CHILDREN

Karimova Navbaxar Mahmudjanovna
Educator at the Specialized Preschool Educational Organization
named Shirintoy, Preschool No. 9, Gurlan District, Khorezm Region

Email: Mahmudjanovna’s@gmail.com
Tel: +998 94 110 77 75

Abstract

This article discusses the thinking capacity of young children and methods for expanding it. The concept of creativity, its meaning, and its application are explained. The article also covers the stages of creative thinking from early childhood to the school period, as well as the methods used to develop creative thinking skills in children.

Keywords: concept of creativity, creative characteristics, cooperation between teacher and students, elements of thinking, social criteria, encouraging thinking, engagement, emergence of creative ideas, primary education.

Introduction

When discussing the development of the education system in Uzbekistan and the training of specialists who meet international standards, it is important to educate students not only as well-rounded individuals who have mastered scientific knowledge, but also as creative thinkers who are ideologically strong and capable of becoming qualified professionals in their future careers.

The term creativity was first used in 1922 by the American scientist D. Simpson. Through this term, he described an individual’s ability to abandon conventional, stereotypical, and routine thinking. The word creativity comes from the Latin word create meaning “to create,” and creative meaning “a creator” or “innovator.”

Main Part

Creativity expresses a positive ability that characterizes an individual’s readiness to generate new ideas and serves as an independent component of talent. A person’s creativity is manifested in their thinking, communication, emotions, and specific types of activities. Creativity describes an individual as a whole or certain personal characteristics such as mental sharpness.

Below, we examine discussions and results. Cooperation between the teacher and students begins with the assistance provided by the teacher to learners. Gradually, this assistance becomes more active and transforms into learning actions. As a result, the teacher-student relationship evolves into a partnership. However, during this process, the teacher must be extremely careful, as they may unknowingly hinder the development of children’s creative thinking.

Analysis of materials shows that cooperation plays a crucial role in developing creativity in children. It is well known that the educational process is bilateral and consists of equal interaction between teachers and students. The teacher, as the leader of this process, is responsible for educational outcomes. However, this should not lead to the assumption that the educational process is entirely dominated by the teacher.

According to research results, the following aspects should be emphasized to develop creativity in children:

1. Encouraging children to ask many questions and supporting this habit;
2. Promoting children’s independence and strengthening their sense of responsibility;
3. Creating opportunities for independent activities;
4. Paying attention to children’s interests.

Primary education is one of the most influential stages in a child’s life, leaving a deep impact. At this stage, great responsibility is placed on teachers. The methodology for developing creative abilities in primary school students still requires special research.

As the First President I.A. Karimov emphasized:
“Preschool education ensures the healthy and comprehensive development of a child, awakens an interest in learning, and prepares them for systematic education. Preschool education is carried out in state and non-state preschool institutions and families until the child reaches the age of six or seven. Mahallas, public and charitable organizations, and international foundations actively participate in achieving the goals and objectives of preschool education.”

Today, forming an independent and free-thinking individual is a requirement of the time. Educators have the opportunity to nurture individuals who understand their own dignity, are strong-willed, and have firm beliefs. The standard of society lies in shaping people with high moral values.

When a child begins to think, thinking elements emerge as soon as they learn to recognize someone or something. The child compares new information with what they already know and determines similarities and differences. At around eight months old, a child begins to understand speech, initially paying attention to intonation and facial expressions. Soon, they start understanding the general meaning of speech through changes in tone.

Special exercises play an important role. An object (for example, a clock) is shown repeatedly while naming it. From this stage, adults begin teaching creativity to children and understand the importance of playing together. This is one of the most important criteria.

It is necessary to develop children’s intellectual abilities and potential for their future. There is also the concept of creative thinking. By developing creative thinking, children learn to analyze information from different perspectives and discover new ideas. They also develop the ability to generate various ideas to solve ambiguous problems and predict the outcomes of situations and events.

Creative thinking is manifested in the following characteristics:

1. Thinking speed – the ability to generate many ideas in a short period of time;
2. Flexibility of thinking – the ability to generalize creatively;
3. Originality of ideas – the ability to apply unique ideas in real-life situations;
4. Elaborative thinking – the ability to refine and expand ideas.

In today’s era of globalization and rapid information flow, teaching children to obtain correct information and protecting them from information threats has become an urgent issue. The Ministry of Preschool Education has adopted the “First Step” State Program, which provides a framework for teaching children and enhancing their creativity. Development centers have been established where children can receive education in centers of their own choice.

Conclusion

Reforms in the education process create opportunities to develop and improve children’s creativity. Such opportunities help increase children’s creative abilities, encourage correct perception of information, and motivate appropriate responses. Based on observation and analysis, it can be concluded that developing students’ creative thinking is a requirement of the time, and primary school teachers play a significant role in this process.

References

1. Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. Uzbek Scholar Journal, 6, 39–43.
2. Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. International Conference on Advance Research in Humanities, Sciences and Education.
3. Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. Uzbek Scholar Journal, 6, 39–43.
4. Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships.
5. Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships, 115–121.
6. Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships.
7. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family. Psychological Health of the Population as an Important Factor of Social Prosperity, 405–410.
8. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family.
9. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family.
10. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Family Psychological Service.

Breaking the silence: A girl`s story
To every girl who has ever been told “you can’t”- this is for you.

• Author: Baxshilloyeva Nigina Bahodir qizi
  (01.01.2026)
• “Imagine being born into a world full of invisible walls — walls that tell
  you where to go, what to dream, and how loud you may speak. Now
  imagine breaking through them to find your own voice“.
  This is not the story of an ordinary girl. This is the story of a girl who found her voice amidst silence. From the moment she was born, invisible walls surrounded her: because she was a girl, her world was “too small” and her dreams were considered “too big”.
  
• For a long time, she accepted these walls as natural, because everyone around her seemed to live within them. Yet, deep inside, questions began to form. And it is that very question — quiet, persistent, impossible to ignore — that changes everything.
  
• Think about:
  If you had grown up in the same environment, would you have noticed these walls?
  
• Days passed, and the walls seemed taller, stronger and louder. Every “you can’t” and “you shouldn’t” echoed in her ears. She felt small. Invisible. Forgotten.
  
• Yet in the quietest corners of her mind, a whisper began. A tiny, trembling voice, almost afraid to exist, yet undeniably there. “Why must I stay inside these walls?” it asked.
  She started to notice things others didn’t — the way her dreams refused to shrink, the way her laughter refused to fade, the way her questions refused to die. And for the first time, she realized something powerful: these walls weren’t her world. They were
  someone else’s rules.
  
• One day, she reached for a notebook, her pen trembling in her hand. She wrote down every dream, every question, every desire that had been locked away. Words poured out like sunlight breaking through storm clouds. And slowly, the walls began to crack.
  
• Every time she spoke up, every time she tried, the walls shook a little more. Every “no” she heard became fuel, not a chain. With each step, the girl was no longer just surviving — she was beginning to exist. Fully. Freely. Loudly.
  
• And then, one morning, she realized she had done the impossible: she had found her voice. Not the quiet, hidden voice that whispered in corners — but a voice strong enough to shake the world, gentle enough to heal and fearless enough to inspire.
  
• To every girl reading this: the walls around you are real, but so is your voice. You are not too small. Your dreams are not too big. You have a fire inside that no one can dim.
  Speak. Sing. Write. Paint. Dance. Question. Challenge. Break. Build. Every time you do, you are shattering limits, not just for yourself, but for the girls who will follow you.
  
• Your voice matters. Your dreams matter. And your courage is louder than any wall. So keep going. Keep fighting. Keep finding your voice — because the world is waiting to hear it.
• “This motivational piece is small and simple, and I’m not even sure if it can really be called a story, but if even a little part of it has touched your heart or given you a bit of inspiration, I’m truly happy.

Baxshilloyeva Nigina Bahodir qizi
Peshku Specialized School, Bukhara

National certificates:
• Multi-level (English): C1
• Mother Tongue and Literature: A
• History: B
• Mathematics: C+

• IELTS Academic: 7.0

Awards & Achievements:
• Winner of “Ingliz tili bilimdoni – 2024”
• 1st place in English and Uzbek language at district Olympiads
• Prize-winner of UBS subject Olympiad (English)
• Holder of multiple certificates of appreciation and excellence
• Early admission student with a total score of 189 points
• Appeared on “Istiqlol TV”

Activities:
• Founder of “Englishblog_nb” where she teaches English free of charge to younger learners
• Participant of several educational camps and training programs, including “English for IT”
• Actively involved in social, volunteer and street educational activities
• Experienced in Telegram channel management related to education and media

Interests:
• Learning foreign languages
• Reading fiction and literature
• Piano playing and chess
• International education opportunities and teaching

The Role of Women in Society: Historical Development, Contemporary Reforms, and Future Prospects

Abstract
This article analyzes the role of women in societal development from the perspectives of historical processes, modern socio-political reforms, and future prospects, based on a scientific and public approach. Women’s participation in education, science, politics, economics, and culture is highlighted as a key factor in ensuring social stability and sustainable development. Additionally, issues of gender equality and efforts aimed at increasing women’s legal protection and social activity are discussed.

Keywords:
women, society, gender equality, historical development, education, future, social activity, legal protection.

Introduction
It is impossible to imagine social development without the participation of women. At all stages of human history, women have served as the backbone of the family, the educators of the nation, and the moral foundation of society. In today’s era of globalization, women’s active participation is gaining importance not only within the family sphere but also in public administration and state governance.

The Role of Women in Historical Development
Looking back at history, we can observe that women have held different positions in society across various periods. In ancient Eastern and Western civilizations, women were primarily active within the family sphere; however, there were also prominent female figures who made significant contributions to the development of science and culture. Historical personalities such as Tomyris, Bibikhanum, and Nodirabegim demonstrated that women possess not only maternal qualities but also strong leadership potential.
Nevertheless, during certain periods, restrictions on women’s rights and their exclusion from education became factors that hindered social progress.

The Role of Women in Contemporary Society
Today, the role of women in society is undergoing profound transformation. In particular, in Uzbekistan, protecting women’s rights and increasing their socio-political activity have been elevated to the level of state policy. Women are receiving education, conducting scientific research, engaging in entrepreneurship, and actively participating in parliament and public administration.

Ensuring gender equality creates a solid foundation for justice, stability, and innovative development in society. Scientific research shows that in societies where women are active, social problems decrease, while the quality of education and healthcare improves.

Future Prospects
Future society cannot be imagined without educated, independent-thinking, and socially active women. In the age of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and innovation, expanding women’s participation in IT, engineering, science, and technology is a pressing task. At the same time, women’s role in preserving moral and ethical values and in educating the younger generation will become increasingly important.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the role of women in society is closely interconnected with historical experience, contemporary reforms, and future strategies. Only a society that respects women and ensures their rights and opportunities can achieve genuine progress. Indeed, women are the future of society and the moral and intellectual foundation of the nation.