Black Sea and War: How does Russian aggression affect the Black Sea ecosystem?

In 2022, the Ukrainian South became a theater of active warfare. This, in its turn, couldn’t pass without leaving a mark on ecology, as Russians fight dirtily, not sparing shells and pressuring with numbers instead of accuracy. The war is still being fought, and part of the Ukrainian South is still under occupation, but scientists try to keep their finger on the pulse. Kunsht has visited Mykhailo Son, a Doctor of Biology, and a leading scientist at The Institute of Marine Biology of NASU in Odesa.

Three years ago, the Institute lived through a horrible fire that took the lives of the Institute employees, valuable collections, and scientific materials. Nowadays, the institute is scattered around the city. Mr. Mykhailo has agreed to meet us in the administrative building.

Our conversation began with a general evaluation of the situation. The scientist marked that war is a double-edged sword. On one hand, ecology suffers from battles, sunk ships, artillery shells, and destroyed industrial facilities. But on the other hand, because of the limits on fishing, mining, paralyzed tourism, and construction on the coast, the sea has a chance for revival, especially in those coastal areas where there are no active battles. 

An analysis of the consequences of war on the marine ecosystem is complicated by many factors. First, it’s impossible to evaluate the situation in the occupied territories. And the Azov Sea is occupied as a whole. It’s hard to know what consequences the ruining of the industrial Mariupol and coastal Azovstal has led to. Second, in the territories under Ukrainian control, a lot of zones are controlled by the military, and there are many mine barriers, so the research isn’t currently done there. Last year, the Institute of Marine Biology was able to do research only in the delta of the Danube, northern parts of the estuaries (Tylihulsky, Sukhy, Kuyalnytsky, Hryhoriivsky), and a small part of the sea near the mouth of the Danube that was opened for fishing. Third, during the war, both national and international ecological institutions are weakened, and monitoring and research get interrupted. Ukraine was planning to inaugurate complex monitoring of the marine ecosystem in 2022, under the efforts for Eurointegration. The research should have been done by Borys Aleksandrov, a ship gifted to Ukraine by Belgium, but its launch was postponed because of the war. Fourth, the analysis of the ecological situation has to be done with a complex analysis of all the sources, including the Russian ones, and they are impossible to take into consideration now, given that when Russia gives data on “Russian Black Sea territory” in its reports, this includes the occupied territories. Because of this confusion, the International Black Sea Commission (which includes all the countries on the coast of the Black Sea) cannot work correctly.

All these factors complicate the analysis a lot, but the scientists try out alternative methods of research – for instance, using satellite imagery to evaluate the extent of sea pollution because of war based on the color of the water.  

The marine environment differs in that it’s not as mosaic as the land one. This means that in the mountains, forests, and lakes small habitats with unique species that are easy to destroy are much more common. The sea has very vast monotonous stretches. If a part of some habitat is damaged it will renew soon. But the marine ecosystem is also vulnerable, especially in the lagoons, estuaries, bays, and coastal areas. In the depth of the Black Sea, there are unique fields with the Phyllophora algae that create landscapes with valuable biota. “Such vast zones of continuous algal biocoenoses outside of the tidal zone of the coast are unique. The Sargasso Sea can be considered an analog of such an ecosystem. Such vast clusters of Phyllophora and corresponding groups of animals that colonize them don’t exist anywhere else in the world,” – Mr. Mykhailo explains. Last year’s hostilities were a direct threat to them.   

Zmiiny Isle is one more victim of this war. The battles for it were rather intensive as it was the key to the opening of the grain corridor. Once, it could boast of unique rocks with peculiar biota that differed from Crimea and the Odesa region. *Any islands form unique ecosystems due to their isolation from the continent. This uniqueness may also stem from the paucity of their biota. Then, the biodiversity is lower and there are species that take the niches of others. If the island is big, this triggers evolution with formation of new species. Zmiiny has landscapes of “hard” rocks (metamorphic rocks), and due to this its biological formations resemble those characteristic to the Crimean rocks in their function. Nonetheless, it is situated in the zone of lower salinity (like all the north-west parts of the Black Sea), and many of the species characteristic of Crimea are absent here. In consequence, a specific group is formed that differs from others, for example, by high numbers of the warty crab and the marbled rock crab and a presence of marine lichens. Part of the rocks is physically destroyed. The birds also used Zmiiny to rest, especially those that don’t use to visit the continent. Currently, scientists can’t evaluate the scale of the damage to the island’s ecosystem, as all the monitoring and research missions on it are stopped. Before the invasion, a biological station of the university was functioning there (it researched the spread of viruses in birds among other things), and the employees of the Institute of Marine Biology use to visit the island.

The topic of the anomalously high death rate among dolphins and porpoises in the Black Sea has probably become most known to the public. Ecologists hypothesize that active combat is a possible reason for this, as the animals react to underwater waves, sounds of explosions, and the work of sonars. Mr. Mykhailo notes that the topic needs verified scientific research, and, fortunately, it is happening. It’s one of the few instances when scientists were allowed to do research for a criminal investigation. The scientists from the Institute of Zoology of NASU took samples of different brain tissues of the animals. The molecular samples are currently being researched in Europe.

One more ecologically vulnerable habitat is Kakhovka Reservoir; Russians barbarously drop big amounts of water from it. This may damage the ecosystem of the Reservoir itself, bringing disbalance to its hydrological and oxygen regime, and the lower area of Dnipro under the dam, including its delta, can become a victim of flooding, which brings the risks of polluting the water with trash and industrial waste.

Mr. Mykhailo dreams that, after the war, it will be possible to launch the sea monitoring system, which will give accurate and full data, and the institute will be able to use them for its specialized research.

Mr. Mykhailo answers the question of what is needed to evaluate the consequences of war for ecosystems like this: “First of all, of course, we need access to the sea, and we also need funding for the expeditions and equipment. At the current stage, we can use new scientific methods that aren’t yet practiced in Ukraine, for example, genetic research that can show a short-term impact on an organism. **Such an indicator for pollution may be, for example, transcriptomics – an analysis of the totality of the RNA that is formed in a cell based on the genetic code in DNA. This shows, for instance, differences in expression of genes connected to immunity. Other possible analyses are an analysis of the proteins characteristic of stress, an analysis of the number of mutations, including chromosome abnormalities, incorrect work of the mitosis mechanism and abnormalities in the structure of the cell membranes.  This may show if the organism is under stress, or whether there are influences of toxic chemicals and so on.”

After our conversation, we went to the beach in Odesa – that part of it where you can go without a military convoy. Public utility workers approached us and warned us that a mine could be washed on the shore. They let us stay but asked us to be careful. Passers-by from Odesa couldn’t miss an opportunity for a joke and told us to bring all the mines to their scrap metal collecting spot.

In a couple of hours, Mr. Mykhailo, having solved all his work issues, was able to join us with his research equipment. On the beach, he dug some sand looking for a Donacilla mollusk. They didn’t come all the way to Odesa shores as the tourists accidentally destroyed them, but after a dead tourism season, the researchers started to find specimens of this species on the beaches of the city. 

We weren’t lucky enough to find a Donacilla, but Mr. Mykhailo found Zostera sea grass washed on the shore nearby that used to be rare on the city beaches for decades.

In a pile of seashells, Mr. Mykhailo picked up those of Black Sea oysters. An invasive species of Rapana has almost destroyed this species.

One of the versions says that Rapanas appeared in the Black Sea at the end of the 1940s because of WWII. First, Japan had contact with Italy, and its fleet brought Rapana from the Japanese to the Adriatic Sea. And then, when the USSR took a part of the Italian fleet as reparations, they brought this carnivorous mollusk with it, which had a big impact on the ecosystem of the Black Sea.

Mr. Mykhailo mentions the Crimean War, where the cavalry had an important role, in this context. Forage and hay for the horses were brought there from all over Europe, and this way a whole number of new plants appeared in Crimea. 

The current war also brings great risks of the appearance of invasive species. Russians bring warships from the Baltic and Caspian Seas to the Black Sea. Russian oil is being transported by new routes under the sanctions. It may be, that one of the consequences of the full-scale Russian invasion will be a vast-scale appearance of new invasive species in our ecosystems.

This report has been developed within the project supported by the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy in Ukraine. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. government.

Author:

Les Beley

Photographer:

Valentyn Kuzan

Original article you can read here: https://scienceatrisk.org/uk/story/viina-i-more

Teacher’s status in new Uzbekistan, problems and solutions in the new stage of education 

Murodova Sitora

sitoramurodova765@gmail.com

+998932334647

Primary education teacher of the 27th general secondary school under the department of pre-school and school education, Khatirchi district, Navoi region 

“If the role and influence of the teacher in the life of society increases, the prestige of the school increases, the value of science, education and upbringing increases. The teacher’s reputation is the reputation of this nation, the whole people.”

Sh.M. Mirziyoyev 

Abstract: This article provides information on the teacher’s skills, his unique role in society, the problem of continuous professional development and the role of the teacher in its solutions.

Keywords: Skilled teacher, skilled nation, continuous professional development, …

      The teaching profession is a complex and responsible process. The honor and complexity of this profession is determined by the fact that the teacher is always engaged in the education and upbringing of the person who is the only owner of consciousness, communicates with him, contributes to his mental, spiritual and physical growth and development. shows the effect of z. Of course, a student who has reached maturity in all aspects can unite under the name of a qualified nation.That is why the teaching profession is the most delicate, the most honorable and at the same time the most difficult profession in the world. It is necessary for the teacher to constantly improve his qualifications and cultivate his personal qualities that help ensure his success at a high level. The place and role of a teacher for society is incomparable. Their level leads the society either to the bottom or to the top. “The task of a teacher and leader is similar to the task of a wise state leader, therefore, the teacher should remember everything he heard and saw, have intelligence, fluent speech, full of ideas that he wants to tell the teachers and must know how to express clearly. At the same time, he should value his honor and be fair. Only then will he have a high level of humanity and reach the peak of happiness,” says our grandfather Abu Nasr Al-Farobi.

     The new version of our Constitution, which is a solid legal foundation of the reforms of the new Uzbekistan, and the “Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy, approved by the relevant decree of the head of state, specifically mention the task of raising the status of pedagogues. The fact that this issue is not just an expression of beautiful wishes decorated on paper, but a firm life goal is becoming more evident day by day during consistent reforms. The law “On the status of pedagogues” signed yesterday by our President can be called a historical confirmation of our opinion. This law, consisting of 21 articles, defines the rights, obligations and basic guarantees of the activities of about 700 thousand pedagogues in our country.This law made all teachers in the Republic of Uzbekistan very happy and created wide opportunities. Along with several opportunities and advantages, the law does not ignore the need for pedagogues to follow the rules of ethics while fulfilling their professional obligations. Knowing and following the rules of pedagogical ethics is noted as a criterion that determines the quality indicators of the teacher’s performance of his professional duties and work discipline.

     As noted by our hero poet Abdulla Oripov, a teacher is a mirror of perfection. This mirror should be so clear, that by looking at it, he should improve himself and his personality, get rid of his vices, and bring order to his character. Naturally, not everyone is lucky enough to be a true mirror of perfection for society. Because of this, the law contains specific norms about persons who are not allowed to engage in pedagogic activities.

     Continuing professional development has several challenges and corresponding solutions. In order to study these problems and find solutions, the teacher, every person in the field of education needs to have high experience. The following solutions can help you find solutions to problems in continuous professional development:

1. References, Articles and Books: Use articles, books and textbooks to find solutions to your professional development problems. You can get the necessary knowledge and practical advice from these sources.

2. Mentorship or Referral: Reaching out to people with other professional experience or mentoring them can enhance your experience. They will give you advice and help you find solutions to problems.

3. Practical Skills: Developing your skills is essential to finding solutions to professional development challenges. Upgrade your character and learn new skills.

4. Analysis and Diagnosing: Analyzing and identifying problems leads to diversity solutions. Articulate problems and define steps to turn them into profits.

5. Hands-on Exercises: Hands-on exercises and examples are helpful in solving development problems. Use practical exercises to test your skills.

6. Gain experience: Gaining experience is very important in finding solutions to problems. Have fun trying and learning new clues and solutions!

7. Internet Resources: Use Internet resources, forums, blogs, videos, and websites to find solutions to development problems.

Finding solutions to problems in continuous professional development also requires a certain amount of time and patience. Steps like analyzing the problems, defining different steps to be solved and searching for practical solutions will guide you in your success on this front.

     In short, a teacher is a hugely responsible, free-thinking and growing knowledge holder. Modernity is its mandatory quality, as much as it is a demand for knowledge. In other words, if knowledge is not adapted to the current times, its usefulness and relevance will decrease. Therefore, a broad worldview, free thinking and modernity are mandatory professional requirements of a teacher.

List of used literature:

1. MODERN TEACHER AND REQUIREMENTS FOR HIM: Journal of Pedagogy and psychology in modern education, Vol. 3 No. 5 (2023) October

2. https://jdpu.uz/ozbekistonda-pedagog-maqomi-jamiyat-va-davlat nufuzining-mezonidir/

3.https://www.uzbekistan.org.ua/uz/yangiliklar/6937-o-zbekistonda-pedagog-maqomi-jamiyat-va-davlat-nufuzining-mezonidir.html

WORK ON THE VOCABULARIES GIVEN IN TEXTBOOKS 

     Saidova is Mahzuna Farhod’s daughter

Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute

2nd stage student of Uzbek language and literature

Abstract. This article discusses the use of the words in the dictionaries in literature textbooks and the methods of working on them and using dictionaries in the course of the lesson. In addition to literature textbooks, information was also provided about the ways of using dictionaries in mother tongue classes, and the role of dictionaries in the development of students’ speech. 

Key words: vocabulary, methodology, textbook, vocabulary, “Matching pair” exercise, “Did I make a mistake?” game, “Small review” method.

Annotation. In this article, the use of the words reflected in the dictionaries in literature textbooks, as well as the methods of working on them and using dictionaries in the course of the lesson, are discussed. In addition to literature textbooks, information was also given about the ways of using dictionaries in mother tongue classes, and about the role of dictionaries in the development of students’ speech.

Key words: dictionary, methodology, textbook, vocabulary, “Matching pairs” exercise, “Can you find me wrong?” game, “Little review” method.

Абстрактный. В данной статье рассматривается употребление слов, отраженных в словарях, в учебниках литературы, а также методы работы над ними и использования словарей в ходе урока. Помимо учебников по литературе, была также дана информация о способах использования словарей на занятиях родного языка, о роли словарей в развитии речи учащихся.

Ключевые слова: лексика, методика, учебник, словарный запас, упражнение “Сопоставление пар”, “Найди меня неправым?” игра, метод “Небольшой обзор”.

Getting acquainted with the dictionaries in the textbook, if we familiarize ourselves with the explanation of the word dictionary before working on them:

Dictionary [Arabic language, dialect; word, phrase] 1 A book in which the words of a language are compiled in a certain order (usually in alphabetical order), explained or translated into another language.

2 Words; the set of all words in the language, vocabulary.

Dictionaries are of great importance in explaining the meaning of words and developing students’ speech. A word is the smallest part of a language that conveys meaning. A collection of all words and phrases in a language is called a dictionary. The branch of linguistics that studies the vocabulary and structure of the Uzbek language is called lexicology.

It is known that the textbooks of the new generation are modernized and adopt a number of examples from the education of the developed countries of the world. In 6-7-10th grade textbooks of literature and mother tongue, updated in 2022, dictionaries according to the picture below are mentioned.

Figure 1.

Literature is a field that incorporates the art of words. Because it is necessary to use dictionaries in literature classes. Some of the words found in the works are historical, and some are archaic. We can apply the vocabulary given in literature textbooks to the lesson process in the following ways:

“Matched pair” method;

“I made a mistake, find it?”;

“A small review”;

Explain correctly.

 For example: we will try to fill in the vocabulary given in the 10th grade Literature textbook using the “Matched Pairs” method.

Dictionaries in the “Gorogli” epic.

In this case, the dictionaries are matched with pairs whose meanings match each other, just as shown above. It helps to know how well the students have mastered the vocabulary. 

Vocabularies found in textbooks can be found in “I’m confused?” we can present it to students as an exercise. In this case, it is necessary to use the paronym of the dictionaries.

For example: 1. Ziyoda looked at them thoughtfully.  It should have been lying here, not lying down. 

 2. The girls looked at them with a smile, looking at them in simple, cute dresses. 

3. In dealing with the people, it is necessary to rely not on the sword, but on the power of justice, to save the people from oppression. (Oybek. “Navoi”)  The word justice should have been used here.

4. When brother Hasan gives the money, he will weigh it and make a will. (Hamza).

5. They say that even if you rub your feet, fine silk will not turn gray. (A. Mukhtar) 

Students should find the correct words and write them down as shown above. This method helps to memorize paronyms well, to quickly distinguish them from the meaning of the sentence. 

We can use the “Small comment” method to explain the names of the linguistics department in the mother tongue classes. 

For example: Orthography – correct writing rules are studied.

Graphics – ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ..

Phonetics – ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ..

Lexicology – ………………………………………… …………………………………………

Etymology – ………………………………………… ……………………………………….

Morphology – ………………………………………… ……………………………………….

Phraseology – ………………………………………… …………………………………………

If we give the students the names of the sections to memorize in a dictionary style, it will be easier for them to remember them, and when commenting, they will give a short and concise, and most importantly, correct comment. This will help to strengthen students’ knowledge of linguistics and increase their scientific knowledge.

In conclusion, it can be said that in previous textbooks, vocabulary was given relatively little and it was not given importance. Currently, special dictionaries of classical works have been compiled. Dictionaries have an incomparable place in human life and language development. Today, it is difficult to fully understand any information or several meanings of information without dictionaries. Every dictionary is more than just a reference. They are the immortal heritage of the national language. As the lexicographer A. Ray said: “modern civilization is the civilization of the dictionary.” Indeed, in today’s advanced age, dictionaries have a high position in every field.

References:

1. Under the editorship of Abduvahob Madvaliyev. Spelling dictionary of the Uzbek language. Volume II. – T.: “National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan”. State Scientific Publishing House. 2020, page 512.

2. Berdiyeva Barno. Types of dictionaries and their role in human life. Interdisciplinary Conference of Young Scholars in Social Sciences. Hosted from USA, 26th -28th February. Pages 84-87.

3. Mengliyev B. Khudoyberdiyeva M. “Learning dictionary of Uzbek language phrases”, 2007-2009.

4. Nargiza Erkaboyeva. A collection of lectures on the Uzbek language. – T.: “Yosh Kuch”, 2019, pp. 20-21.

5. Z. I. Mirzayeva, K. Q. Jalilov. Literature [Text]: textbook for 10th grade. – Tashkent: Republican Education Center, 2022. – 312 p.

6. www.openconference

7. www.ziyouz.com

Mother

          Mother. There is a world of meaning in this small 3-letter word. Mother is such a beautiful and meaningful word. When we say “mother”, a kind of peace and love appears inside us. Is it easy to be a mother? Who can love their children like a mother? Who can protect them like a mother? When we fail, when the doors of fortune are closed to us, only and only our loving mother can stand by us. Your closest friends, relatives, and even your loving hearts, who always say “You’re fine, you’re fine,” turn away from you in that situation and cannot help you. The lives of all people in the world are not equal. Sometimes they succeed and sometimes they fail. For example, I have had many failures in my life. In those situations, even if I didn’t tell my mother, they could tell by my voice and face that I was depressed. A mother’s heart feels everything. They gave me strength and motivation, they taught me that there is still life ahead of me, that everything will happen in life, just try not to give up. They show me the right way. When I succeed in life, I tell my mother first. They are always proud to have children like me. 

Mothers can raise their voice to their children, they can be angry, they can say words that hurt your heart, but their love for their children never ends. A mother is such a being that every being carries that mercy and that blessing with motherhood. From humans to monsters, mothers never change, never hurt their children, their children’s lives are beautiful, and they work tirelessly to ensure that they don’t need anything in the future. A hyena, carrying her baby between her sharp teeth and protecting her children from danger, shows us how sensitive motherhood is. Mothers feed their children without eating, clothe their children without wearing them, so that their children do not become separated from their peers, so that they do not become dependent on anyone in the future, they work tirelessly, not calling night night, not calling day day, not knowing what rest is. He educates them and teaches them in big cities.

A mother is a heart full of blessings. Even though he vomits blood and cries blood, he does not let his child feel it. He swallows his pain. He shows the world to his children as beautiful and charming.

              A mother is not just a person who gave birth to a child. A mother is a whole world for a child, a painful and never-closing door. When it comes to mother, you can hear a different definition from each child. Someone praises his mother with the most beautiful words in the world, while someone else says that there are no words to describe. So who is mother to you?

“For me, mom…

The most kind, beautiful, sweet woman in the world is my mother. Without my mother, I cannot imagine the worlds, not even a single moment. My mother has a feeling, it is patience. I always admire these sentiments. No other person has the patience my mother has. My mother always helps the people around her, she is a generous woman. My mother is my heaven. May my mother be healthy and safe for me.”

Mother is a happiness that you cannot see! Some people cannot even feel this happiness. Life is beautiful for me because my mother lives in it. There will be days when my mother will always be proud of me, Inshallah! I will do my best for it!

Thank you, my mother!

Majidova Sevinch was born on March 8, 2004 in Shahrisabz district of Kashkadarya region. On September 1, 2010, she was admitted to the 1st grade at the 8th general secondary school located in Shahrisabz district. After graduating from school with excellent grades, in 2021 she was admitted to the Faculty of Elementary Education of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami. She is currently a 3rd-year student at the Faculty of Elementary Education. During her career, she participated in many webinars, courses and competitions and received diplomas and certificates in many fields. Currently, she is fluent in Turkish, English and is studying Arabic and Russian. In his free time, she reads books on various fields and learns languages.

Love story

  “O Allah, make all my dreams and goals come true as soon as possible, I still want to be a great person, I have a lot of work to do, a career… please don’t get distracted from studying, don’t fall in love…”

   But for some reason, Laylo writes these words in her diary, and “she” does not leave her imagination. 

   He always kept a diary and wrote about his plans and goals. He never wanted to fall in love. Because he knew well what a person he loved would fall into, he had seen it in the person of his sister. But something happened and he met her on the way to study. They met and talked twice. On the third date, the young man asks Laylo for her phone number. Normally, Laylo didn’t talk to anyone and didn’t trust guys, but she gave her number to this guy with some feeling. In this way, correspondence and talks continued. The guy was not that handsome, just an ordinary boy. Both studied at the same university. That’s what love is, but somehow he won Laylo’s heart. There were no scheduled meetings, they only communicated virtually. Laylo felt that she was becoming more and more attached to him. Should he stop talking, but he couldn’t.

He was waiting for her to call him. The guy is also good, he also loved Laylo, but not from Laylo. He seemed different to Laylo, good, sincere, kind, as if there was no better person in the world than him. Their characters also liked each other. But they haven’t told each other that they love each other yet. Their love was like unconditional love. But Laylo found it necessary to put an end to everything one night.

   I’m distracted from reading, let’s stop talking, don’t write anymore, he said goodbye. He didn’t write back to you either. It’s been 3 months since they met. In that short period of time, he felt that he was in love. He went out and it was a quiet night. It seemed to Laila that this period had passed like a dream. The only full moon in the sky was looking at Laylo. Laylo took a deep breath, a drop of tears fell from her eyes, she felt relieved. He thought that he did the right thing and now everything will be fine. He went in and lay down. But he couldn’t sleep until morning and came out full. He had a severe headache when he stood up. He didn’t drink tea, he had no appetite. Yesterday’s incident did not go away from his imagination. His heart hurt, he was very depressed, he even cried for 3-4 days without regaining consciousness. Her mother consoled her by saying, “My daughter, what’s wrong with you, come to yourself” and said that first love is not always true.However, Laylo really fell in love, she became different. He also thought that this situation would pass, and said that he would be fine if he went to university. And while studying, when her friends talked about her boyfriends, she remembered “him” again. The guy didn’t write back either, he was waiting for her calls. 

  So, a month passed in agony, crying and thinking. At the beginning of March, while watching social networks, he noticed that he had written it. 

He was so happy, so happy, as if he had found what he had lost like a young child. He answered immediately. 

Those correspondences and conversations continued.

This time a real love story began. Both are happy. They even went to study together. But he had never met before studying. The young man begged to come around, but Laylo did not give in. Gradually their relationship deepened. They also helped each other in university textbooks. Laylo’s mother was worried about this. He did not trust his daughter to anyone. To be sure, his mother did not like the young man very much.. “Daughter, you don’t know what kind of boy he is, keep your promise to us, you still need to study, develop, and travel the world, that’s what your father dreams of,” he advised. 

  Laylo really felt that she did not think about studying. He also saw that there were many plans left in his diary. 

   Gradually, the young man began to talk about marriage. According to him, his mother died without him. Only the two brothers lived in the house where the sisters got married. His father is abroad. Because of this, the relatives are getting involved in the wedding movement this year because a woman should come to the family. 

   Laylo felt sad again. He does not plan to get married yet. Not even ready for family life. She thought that it would be appropriate to talk with the guy for a couple of years, understand each other, and then get married. If he marries her, his goals will definitely remain. Because there is no woman, household chores and raising children fall on her. Now he was realizing that he had made a mistake. His mother was right. But how does he refuse it? After all, he convinced her and made so many promises. He said he loved…

Laylo is thinking whether to choose love or study?!

  And if he didn’t say no, he would not want to lose her like before, and he would be crushed thinking that he would miss her. He thought a lot why lovers can never be together. 

He told the guy to wait and explained. But he also said that he could not wait without help. He said that it was hard for him to do all the work. And he asked her for the last time, “Will you marry me?” 

   After a long hesitation, Laylo answered him “No”. He wanted her to be happy because she loved him from the bottom of her heart. Laylo was afraid to make him unhappy because she did not believe in herself. 

He prayed that he would get married, have a family, have children, and be happy. 

  At the end of the summer, they broke up without any reason. Now for life. The young man has been calling a lot lately, but Laylo did not answer, she was holding on to her heartache. Then the guy stopped calling Laylo realizing his purpose. Thus their love ended.

Laylo’s love could not be said to have ended, hers continued secretly. After that, she didn’t meet another guy. Maybe he is married, maybe he is happy now, it was unclear to Laylo.

   No matter how many years have passed, when he listens to the music that is related to him or when it rains, he remembers the words he said and the sweet memories he had with him. After that incident, Laylo never loved anyone as much as she loved him. He became the first love of his life. She met a lot of guys, but she didn’t like any of them. He also graduated. He developed in every way, in every field, his dreams came true one after another, he learned languages, went to the international arena, got a job. At present, he received the prayers of his parents and devoted himself to them. But he hasn’t started a family yet.

Aytuvova Khurshida was born on June 5, 2002 in Saykhunabad district of Syrdarya region. She graduated from Gulistan State University, Faculty of Philology, majoring in Russian. Official delegate of several forums, member of international organizations, Global Education Ambassador, SPSC ambassador. She is a member of the “Juntos por las Letras” international writer’s association of Argentina. Her creative works have appeared in international newspapers and magazines. Her stories were also published in the national anthology “Languages ​​to creativity” and in the republican magazine “Izhodovlar”. Currently, she is a Russian language teacher at school No. 4 in the district.

My dear sister

He filled my beautiful life with joy

He brought meaning to my life

Dear sister like my mother

He gives love early and late

She always held my hand like a sister,

My umbrella is my sister, my shield is my sister

Have a little laugh because of me

Dear sister, dear sister.

he asks me every day

how are you sister

She is kind like my mother

And he looked at me day and night

Beautiful faces like my mother,

Dear sister, I have

Sweet words like my father

My supportive sister, dear.

Sister Dilnoza, stay healthy always

Be a legend to the world

Let everyone know you, Sister Dilnoza.

May their names spread throughout the world.

Let the whole world know, my beautiful sister,

Let them feel your sweet love

You fill the whole world with joy,

May those who see us be envious.

May God protect us always

May we have many sisters like you

carrying you on my shoulders

I will take you on a pilgrimage.

You just laugh with joy, that’s all

My beautiful sister is the light of my life.

Remember me once a day

My life is beautiful sister.

Thank you dear Dilnozam 

i love you 

He always protects me

His kindness shook the world

I am Sobirjonova Rayhona, a 9th-grade student of the 8th general secondary school of Vobkent district, Bukhara region. I was born in December 2008 in the village of Chorikalon, Vobkent district in an intellectual family. My mother and father supported me from a young age. I am also interested. I started writing in my 3rd grade. My first creative poem was published in “Wobkent Life” newspaper. In addition, many magazines were published in America’s Synchaos newspaper, India’s Namaste India magazine, Gulkhan magazine, Germany’s RavenCage magazine and many other magazines and newspapers. my creative works have come out. I actively participated in many contests and won high places and received many gifts. Creativity is my precocious nature. I am very interested in creativity and enjoy every line. Of course, I will become a great person and bring the name of my country Uzbekistan to heaven, God willing!!!

Expression of the Heart

Night. Away from the sun’s embrace,
My moments are like a boundless sea.
No one can replace your place,
Neither stars nor the crescent moon, you see.

With your light, caress me slow,
Let the flame within my heart grow.
May clouds not block your way,
And darkness fade from your gentle ray.

Hide not your face beyond the peaks,
Make my heart’s garden bloom and speak.
First, in my heart’s quiet nook,
Sow the seeds of hope, as you took.

When I cast a gaze each night,
May it bring hope for tomorrow’s light.
Push away the pangs of longing deep,
And speak of you in dreams I keep.

Night. Away from the sun’s embrace,
My longing is a pain with no grace.
No one can replace your place,
Stay, and always be with me in this space.

Karimova Sarvara Karimovna was born on March 30, 2008 in the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Currently, she is studying in the 10th grade of a school named after Agahi. She creates in the genres of poems, stories and articles. One creative collection has been published.