On Decay Someday, the earth shall sink our bodies into her somber soil. Our expressions will still, slip and melt, iris eternally slept to the sounds above. Marigolds and mignonette will mingle in our eyesockets as their stems and seed speckle the surface. As the bubbles in our blood break, the lingering love will liquefy into the expanse of the lusting, fertile terrain. The cloth coating our flecked figures slowly frays and fragments, formerly protecting; Now naked and pure for the glossy mahogany and roses ringing our forms. The mauves, azures, and sepias will frolic from our fingertips into into the firmament. Bleeding and blooming at the break of dawn. Time tips and the trapping of our entombment softens and starts to rot, returning to the tranquil trance of the planet as a sparkling spring star.
Poetry from Pat Doyne
STAND YOUR GROUND When everyone is armed, we will be safe. No crime. No problems. That’s the Promised Land. So now we’re armed and strong on “self defense.” We stockpile pistols, shotguns, rifles, air guns, submachine guns, even AR-15s. From coast to coast, we watch the bullets fly. North Carolina—here’s a six-year-old playing basketball. It bounces wide, and into someone’s yard. Guy charges out-- he shoots her, and her frantic mom and dad. “I told you kids stay off my frickin’ lawn!” When everyone is armed, we will be safe. Missouri, now, a teen-aged honor student, comes to get his twin. He rings the doorbell. Wrong door opens. Fearful man inside shoots him in the face. No questions asked. When everyone is armed, we will be safe— unless you’re black, and knock on the wrong door. Upstate New York has mazes of back roads. A young girl, 20, looking for a house, pulls into a likely driveway, hopes it’s right. The homeowner’s irate. He shoots her dead. When everyone is armed, we will be safe— unless you’re searching for an obscure address. New Mexico cops. Domestic violence call. Police respond. Wrong house, Knock on the door. Owner opens, handgun for support. The lawmen open fire, and shoot him dead. When everyone is armed, we will be safe— unless some nervous cops come to your door. Two Texas cheerleaders scanned the parking lot, thought they found their car. Opened the door. Wrong car. Apologized. The man inside pulled out a gun, took aim, and shot them both. When everyone is armed, we will be safe— unless your car’s a common make and hue. Angry people hole up in a fortress. Frightened people think a gun gives clout. Shoot first, question later; stand your ground! Look what really happens at the door when everyone is armed—blood, pain, and death. When everyone is armed, no one is safe. Copyright 4/2023 Patricia Doyne
Essay from Feruz Sheraliyeva
Corruption is the evil of development
There are various types of corruption in the world. Thousands of studies have been conducted by scientists, various institutions and international organizations to reveal the reasons for its origin, to find effective ways to combat it. The work and researches in this regard are continuing consistently. What is corruption itself? Who will carry it out? How does corruption arise? Problematic questions, which were mentioned above, encountered in our society. So what is corruption itself? Who are its true essence and the forces that drive it?
The term corruption is commonly used to refer to the political apparatus. Buying officials, their sale of bribes are also called corruption. The most common types of corruption include bribery, fraud, extortion and nepotism. The word “corruption” in Latin means violation and nausea.
After the independence of our country was announced, a number of normative legal acts were adopted aimed at preventing crime. Although the state agencies which fight against corruption were established, they are not working hard enough to solve the problem. Literally, the amount of corruption is increasing day by day. And the worst side is that people are indifferent to such a state, treat it as a normal condition.
If we take a deeper look at corruption and the associated economic crime in today’s economic and political situation of states, it is considered to be the main source of danger that hinders progress and one of the main threats to security. The scale of damage that were taken as a consequence of corruption is endless.
Every citizen who aims to have stable conditions for honest work, spending knowledge, energy, creative abilities, and who wants his or her children and loved ones to enjoy the results of civilized market relations in democratic and civil society in the future, should put a necessary barrier on the path of corruption in time. I reckon that majority of individuals have well understood what sad consequences these vices may have.
We need to fight against the scourge of corruption together, with tact and bold steps. Each law is adopted with a noble purpose, seeking positive outcomes. A closer acquaintance with the law, an attempt to apply it to our life, understanding of how terrible the scourge of corruption is, an independent perception, and most importantly, the fight against it is the civic duty of each of person.
Sheraliyeva Feruza was born in 2005 in Muzrabot District of Alpomish neighborhood of Surkhandarya region. Currently, she is a tenth grade student at 55th school in this area. She is participating in the essay competition “Constitution is the foundation of our happiness”, for the contest “Young reader”, “The best reader” and in the contest of pictures “Enlightenment against ignorance”.
Essay from Olya Atajanova
The role of Girls in Uzbekistan
Today, in order to develop the social importance of women in all fields of science and culture, a number of activities are being carried out.
In particular, several funds are being established to support women and girls.
An open election for the coordination of “Girls’ Voice” has been announced in all regions of the republic, and thus the problems and suggestions of regional girls are being studied.
In addition, the number of girls entering higher education institutions is increasing.
A number of opportunities are being created for girls who suffer from social conditions, are married and have children.
In particular, if a certain amount of their contract money is needed, all the amount is covered by the state.
Earlier, our wives and daughters studied only in pedagogy and medicine, but today they work in sports, construction, law, industry, department and even Ministerial positions.
If we look at world statistics, the social role of women and girls is active in developed countries, and on the contrary, the social role of women and girls is low in underdeveloped countries.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the establishment of the Zulfiya state award indicates how much attention is paid to our women and girls.
For example: Tanzilla Narbayeva is the chairman of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis, the president of the Cycling Federation of Uzbekistan, Sahkhnaza Joldasova is the chairman of the Youth Parliament under the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, Marjana Jorakulova is the chairman of the Republican “Council of Young Professionals”.
Loans and subsidies in the amount of two trillion soums were allocated to more than 200 thousand projects and employment of more than 320 thousand women and girls was provided.
2,000 girls were admitted to higher education on the basis of a grant, and 190,000 women were trained in professions.
The “Business Women” program for 2022-2024 was adopted.
In particular, a project to support the education of women and girls will be developed for 2022-2026.
These indicators alone show how important our women and girls are in Uzbekistan.
Article is by Karakalpak State University named after Berdak, Faculty of Biology, 1st year student Atajanova Ogultuvak Magsat kizi.
Essay from Atajanova Ogultuwakh Makhsadowna
The role of Annimarie Schimmel in the history of Uzbekistan
It is known to many people that the people of Uzbekistan have followed Islam since time immemorial.
Therefore, some of our scholars have conducted research on the reasons for the emergence of the history of Islam.
Not only our scientists, but also non-religious people were interested in this situation.
Annimarie Schimmel, the leading German scholar of Islam in Germany in 1925, is one of those interested.
Her work "Johnon Mening John" occupies a great place in the history of Islam.
Throughout her life, Mrs. Schimmel has brought to the attention of culture lovers profound and discussion-provoking facts about Islam and its history.
On October 12, 1995, she was awarded the "Peace" prize by the German Book Organization, which clearly reveals the importance of her works.
Mrs. Schimmel loved the spiritual world of Islam with all her heart, and for this reason Muslims give her great recognition.
The work "Jonon mening jonimda", translated into Uzbek, is adapted to highlight the life, customs and cultures of women and girls in the Islamic world.
During the work, the lady tried to shed light on the importance of women and girls in the Islamic world over the centuries, and I would not be mistaken if I say that she succeeded.
The work mainly deals with books on the history of Islam and controversial topics in them.
Emphasizing, the issues of wrong propagation of religion and disrespect for women and girls were specially touched upon.
It is mentioned in the work that from the time of the Pailambars, women were given honor, education and upbringing, and they were even allowed to participate in battles as commanders.
When Mrs. Schimmel wrote the work, there were no deviations or exaggerations in the laws of Islam regarding women and girls.
For this reason, it is natural that Mrs. Schimmel and her works are glorified not only in the history of Uzbekistan, but also in the eyes of people who believe in the religion of Islam all over the world.
Essay from Turakhanova Mumtozbegim Bunyodjon
HIGH QUALITY EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN
IN TODAY’S WORLD,YOUTHS ARE CREATORS OF FUTURE IN EVERY COUNTRY.SO EACH DECISION AND CHANGING ARE ACCEPTING DEPEND ON THEIR FUTURE!!!
Nowadays, we may see the highly quality education in Uzbekistan. Because of this year’s campaign: “PAYING ATTENTION FOR HUMAN AND QUALITY EDUCATION” in Uzbek national discourse. There are so many changes in the name of this year. With the decision of President Shavkat Mirziyayev there is a new way of teaching pupils in schools. For instance: Mainly, each pupil must be ready for universities after graduating and must know two languages besides Uzbek. These languages may be Russian, Indian English, Spanish, Korean, Dutch or anything else. In addition to loads of useful activities are added to school routine and pupils may choose craft if they don’t want choose job. It can be beneficial to decrease poverty.
On the other hand, the quality of education is rising. We have opened many types of crafts: cooking, sewing, carpentry, carving, embroidery, guide class, computer programming and a lot of crafts of that sort. These crafts help for earning extra money for pupils besides from school. Proof of this in our school every weekend each member of this craft classes holds an exhibition of their works and they may earn money for that.
These ways of education are good enough. For example: on the 4th of March this year many guests have came to our country from Boshkortostan. They are the Minister of Boshkortostan for Public Education and his co-workers. I and my schoolmates were guides for them.
We are members of a group of guides. Guests were very happy because we told them about our historical places.
Besides that, another aspect that pleases me is that women are becoming leaders not only in education, but in every industry.
On the 7th of March, Zamira Abdullayeva, who is the teacher at school number 22, has won a car as a prize for reading a lot of books. It is an amazing prize for being the winner. Reading books benefits people and helps their minds, and cars are given to the people who read the most books.
And Gulzira Shakarbekova who studies in class seven at school number 29 has won the gold medal in Kickboxing. Now she is the champion of Asia!!!
I HOPE THESE WAYS OF TEACHING PUPILS WILL BE USEFUL FOR FUTURE CREATORS OF UZBEKISTAN!!!
Turakhanova Mumtozbegim Bunyodjon qizi
Chartak district of Namangan region Uzbekistan
Studies 10 grade, school number 53
Essay from Guzal Sunnatova and Sohiba Rahmanova
THE VILLAGE OF GOBDIN AND THE SHRINE THERE
FROM THE HISTORY
Murtozayev Matlubkhan
Samarkand State University
A student of the Faculty of History
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5978543
HISTORY OF THE ARTICLE
Accepted: December 15, 2021
Approved: January 15, 2022
Published: February 05, 2022
Abstract
In this article, G'allaorol of Jizzakh region
located in the district, is still scientifically complete
the unexplored village of Gobdin and Father Gobdin
Some comments about the history of the shrine are made
Gobdin - Gallaorol, Jizzakh region in the southwest of the district, Nurota mountain at the foot of Gobdin Mountain located in the stream. From the district center One of the villages located 35 km. A few on rural etymology there are views. But, clear thoughts do not meet and their most of them connection with narrations is a scientific conclusion to give complicates. Including the term "Gobdin" come pronunciation depends on the root word "gób". in this case, ancient Sogdian and modern Persian-Tajik corresponding to the word "gob" in the language "mountain" means. "Gob" was formerly "Kaufa" called [3:6]. Another similar one according to the view, both of the name "Gobdin". components - "gob" and "religion" have changed may be gone. His first the ancient form of "gob" is based on changes губ/хуф/куф/кох/ based on the word, as we quoted above means mountain, height. Last part of the words din/diz/deh/ in the case of religion as a modified form, it is used in the sense of fortress, fortress. Name in this contained two the word too sound changed. That is, the word Gobdin high up fortress or high up means village [9: 32-33].
Another view is among the local population connected with the narrations, they are "Gobdin" the name goes to father Gobdin. Narrative it is said that our prophet Muhammad Seven people who are the descendants of (s.a.v). among the holy fathers is also the name "Gobdin Father".There are assumptions that it was. 1. Father Gobdin 2. Father Shepherd 3. Father Nur 4. Father Savruk
5. Father Novka 6. Father Saifin 7. Father Parpi. This uncles of the holy fathers, Saad ibn Abu There are also legends that Waqqos is the father of Kazan there is. But in this case, Gobdin is a father not his real name, but a nickname, The fact that he was a judge in Samarkand for 40 years and that in order to spread the religion of Islam to the earth are said to have been sent [6].
This is definitely one approximate view because periodically abstraction is visible. Because, in our opinion, in Central Asia, including In relation to the institution of judiciary in Samarkand present-day Gobdin, which is nearby Islam in the villages at the foot of Mt its non-proliferation is a controversial issue. In our opinion, Gobdin and adjacent to it . The history of villages is the origin of these villages must be sought in the history of being. To Gobdin Neighboring Gumsoy (deep stream, from the riverbed flowing stream) [4:15],
Apple (-li of this object with the suffix refers to existence and abundance) [5: 38] attention to the naming of villages if given, these villages flow from the foothills along the natural spring waters formed, that is, existing at the foot of the mountain Each village has its own spring was Besides, this one at the foot of the mountain rural population is "forty" of Uzbeks belonging to the clan, almost every the village belongs to this clan consists of "balls". For example,
badal, karamoyin, boytopi, etc.
However, it should be noted here that this among the villages, only in the village of Gobdin, is the largest and oldest cemetery, far away
years are forever for those around me has been a place of residence. This is also the history of the village that it is ancient and with the name of the village the person concerned is truly Islamic that it has a great place in history confirms. Gobdin village of the 20th century
on the heads of Jizzakh, Chashma- Koriz, belonging to Yangikurgan Volost.
It is part of the rural district was close to him along with the village
Almali, Almali-Saray bulak, Gobdin, Gumsoy, Koriz, Kotal, Kotal Kazakh, Marjonbulok residential addresses names are given. 20-30s of XX century the existence of 83 yards in Gobdinand that 376 people lived in them noted [8: 22]. Also this again based on data
it can be said that 21 per yard and populationAugust of 505 Hijri (1111 AD). died in Bukhara. [2: 90-91]
4. Abulhusayn Ala ibn Muhammad Ibn Naim Ibn Is'haq Ibn Ubaidullah Ibn Hatim al-Ghobdini is the father of hadiths Muhammad ibn Naim al-Ghobdini, Khalaf Narrated by ibn al-Khayyam and Abu Ahmad ar-Razi. From all hadiths Abu Ali al-Nasafi and Abulabbas Narrated by Ja'far al-Mustagfiris.
Abulhusayn al-Ghobdini 337 Hijri He was born in 948 AD and died in 409 AD.
(AD 1019) on January 25 died on Thursday. [2:55-56]
5. Abu Naim Hussein ibn Muhammad ibn Naim al-Ghobdini, a virtuous person of his time, one of the ascetic, pious imams,
He received his primary education in his village. Later, with the demand of science, Khorasan, Iraq, he was educated in cities like Hijaz.
In particular, Abu Salih al-Khayyam in Bukhara, Abu Sahl ar Astrabadi, Abu Amr From Muhammad al-Bukhari, Naysabur
from Abul Qasim Abdullah al-Nasawi in Baghdad, Abu Tahir in Baghdad Muhammad al-Mukhlis and Abu Hafs Umar al-Kattani heard the hadiths and wrote them down received Abulabbas hadiths from Allama Ja'far al-Mustagfiri and Qazi Abu Ali Hasan narrated by al-Nasafi. Allama in June of 341 AH (952 AD). born in 427 AH (1036 AD) died in April. [2:54]
6. Abdulwahid ibn Husain ibn Ahmad Ibn Nasr Ibn Nazar Ibn Yusuf Ibn Ubaidullah ibn Muhammad Hammad ibn Abbad ibn Yaqub ibn Ibrahim al-Ghobdini is very narrated many hadiths one of the muhaddis. In available sources the name of the scholar and what he narrated only the hadith was written down, and any of it what is his position or position in his time was born or died year is not given. [2:76)7. Abul Hasan Muhammad ibn Naim al-Katib al-Ghobdini was a secretary. Abu They learned from Muhammad al-Bukhari.
Muharram of the year 381 Hijri (99 AD). who died in [2:85]
8. Abu Ali Hasan ibn Abdullah al-Ghobdini al-Bathudani, reciter, virtuous, righteous Abu Bakr al-Baladi and those who received education from Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Muharram 491 Hijri (1099 AD). Born on the first day of the month, he died in 551 Hijri (1157 AD). [7:175]
At this point, pay attention to one consideration let's look at it. As a result of research in several places of Uzbekistan, the population referred to by the name of Gobdin addresses or community gatherings became known. These are Jizzakh region, Gallaorol district, Kashkadarya region, in the Karshi district, Samarkand
Jomboy, in the Bulungur district of the region are addresses located in the district. But, in history under the name of the above Gobdins
which of the remaining allamas exactly that he is from the village of Gobdin of the region
is an issue that requires further research
Because it belongs to the Gobdinites seven "Jizzakh alloms" by M. Atayev cited in his book as a jizzakh. He wrote the history of Gobdin in Kashkadarya scholar Abdulkarim al-Samani regarding Gobdini of Kashkadarya past [7: 175]. Another point is that among the historical figures of the Gobdinites one is Abu Muhammad Abdullah al-Ghobdini in the biography of that person, in the village of Gobdin, Uturshona was said to have been born. It is this sign belongs to the village of Gobdin in Gallaorol
. Because in the Middle Ages
a part of the structure of Ustrshona is present. It was organized by Gallaorol district.
Secondly, you have received it so far, both in Usturshona and in the current oasis of Jizzakh another address also called Gobdin
does not occur. It can be seen that more research about the Gobdinians continue and their today Jizzakh, as cited in the literature
or Alloms of the Kashkadarya oasis to scientifically clarify that
much. The village of Gobdin is nearby with its historicity in relation to the villages stands out. Above, we are here the surrounding villagers are sacred Gobdin father's cemetery, as we mentioned already.
This is a cemetery operated under the same name the relative antiquity of the cemetery and with my great respect, Father Gobdin.
The merit of this place is sacred and ensured that it became a shrine.
In conclusion, it should be said that this village was famous in the Islamic world in his time where scholars are born and raised, science
is developed, and of the muhaddiths we quoted above
hoki of ancestors and descendants, theirs is a saint who has reached the blessed step is one of the shrines. Supposedly, it is a shrine from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century
[4]. This is a shrine the place of the old mosque in the area
and khanakah, some more ancient forms of tombstones also confirm. This 13 one-meter marbles with triangles Qur'anic verses and years on tombstones stands the test of time, resulting in unreadable writing
has arrived. That's why it's a tombstone, writing is difficult to read.
According to the villagers, until 1941, the roof of the house was
covered in shiny tin. Later, the center of the tin above the house
took it to the building and stuck it. The size of the old mosque is 20 meters by 12 meters organized. On the qibla side of the mosque
the thickness of the wall is 1.5 meters, the rest of the sides are 1 meter. It's been repaired four times to date.
The son of Ahmad Khan Ziya Khan led the construction by Usta Umar, Usta Adil, Usta Abbas actively participated in the mosque
as shown by the columns.
This old mosque was active until 2010. From 1970 to 1994 the son of Mahmud Khan Mamirza served as imam in this mosque. He is the great grandfather of the author. 2010- to the current appearance of the mosque, Donokhan Haji, who led the way.
Mahmud Khan's son is a descendant of that person is considered to the mosque until 1970 Ahmad Khan Eshon, and before him Domla
.
A person named Kubay served as imam, and Ghaffar Eshan was the imam before Kubay. Currently, Mahmudov Sirojiddinkhan
is imam.
This is basically the origin of the new construction going to the village and neighboring villages' roots, ancestors settled forever aimed at the well-being of the place. Donations from generous donors
were given for the new mosque pillars in Buvai, Fergana region, from
a group of flower craftsmen of the district. Now 250-300 people can be in the mosque at the same time performing Muslim prayers
.
It should be noted that this shrine is today a cultural heritage of the republic but not included in the official list.
According to my grandfather Donokhanhoji, based on the antiquity of the shrine, no written sources have been found, based on the antiquity of the cemetery. In the ancient Arabic writing that was once in the cemetery, tombstones of the river made of limestone in different years after new graves are opened, according to custom.
According to Muslim custom since the corpse in the grave has turned into rotting soil then a new corpse can be placed on it.
In this, of course, the respect of the old corpse, carefully placing it in place, must be performed before the new body was buried on top. Today as a result of the focus on our history, we think in the near future.
The written sources that give the history of the shrine are included in the scientific treatment, maybe an ancient one buried by time
tombstones are found.
In conclusion, it should be said that Gobdin village and related to it
the history of the father's shrine is still full of our history and are considered unexplored pages.
Studying the history of a village and shrine through the great material of our people, our homeland with its spiritual heritage,
past migrations, and cultural history, a lot of new information about the processes and ethnography is revealed.
Used literature and sources:
1. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers dated December 5, 2014 "Historical, artistic or other cultural
a list of objects that cannot be pledged and mortgaged due to their value
Decision No. 335 on approval"// http://www.lex.uz/ .
2. Atayev M. Jizzakh scholars. - Tashkent.: Adib, 2014. 270 p
3. Nafasov T., Nafasova V. Educational annotated dictionary of toponyms of the Uzbek language. - Tashkent: New century
generation, 2007. – 88 p.
4. Ohunov N. Interpretation of place names. - Tashkent.: Uzbekistan, 1994. - 86 p.
5. Sindorova F. Ancient Turkic toponymy of Uzbekistan (in the example of Jizzakh region). - Jizzax.:
13. - 56 p.
6. Story by 84-year-old Tilavov Mahmud Haji of Gobdin village, Gallaorol district
done April 2016.
7. Abu Sad Abdulkarim al-Samani. Genealogy (al-Ansab). - Tashkent.: 2017. - 273 p.
8. Spisok naselennyx mest Uzbekskoy SSR, Kamarkandskaya oblast. 1925. - 53 c.
9. Tilovov T. Gubdin and Gubdinites. 2015. – 279 p.// ziyonet.uz/
Authors: Guzal Sunnatova
Sohiba Rahmanova