***

Wintering

Birds of flame in the eyes 

Оf the one who looks at the flame

Close your ears don’t breathe

The same old

Еver-familiar musical libretto

Іnside the memory 

Оf the heart

Will be heard by the carpenter

Рreparing a new coffin for my love

***

I talk to the tree but it is silent

I talk to a stone and it wets

I talk to water and it just flows

I scream at the water

I’m screaming at the childhood that doesn’t exist

I scream for war

Hundreds of nuclear bombs explode inside of me

My molecules spill out of a hole in the body

And suddenly I fall silent to become a stalactite

Millennium stalactite

Strong adult silent stalactite

***

my father carves crafts out of my skin

nature plays tag with foliage

my spring is ending

***

cat paws kill mice

blood is splattered all over the kitchen

cat hugging my leg

the kitchen presses against me with the aroma of food

***

wipe my face with the wind

wash my body clean

autumn – human autumn – human

***

The color of the blind and the color of the colorblind

A bird tells a bird about flight

The voice of the silence of the living and the dead

Yellowness of book pages and freshness of rye

The cell of the body and the cell of physicality

The color of death and the twilight of essence

Flight of imagination and imagination of flight

A bird looks for the sky in the sight of a blind man

A color-blind person is bathed in colors

Two people in line in an optician

And over their heads is a joint and separate God

***

No one was born human

No one died as a god

The rain washes away the fear from your face

The courage to be afraid when a stranger with the face of death roars through the windows with artillery explosions

***

Death is the cover

My body starts making friends with worms

The worms are fucking me in all the cracks just as they were during my life

Only now no one pays me for fucking because the bills are paid in full

***

The loneliness of antiquity befell the cemetery

Butterflies played a symphony of heritage with their wings:

They were once in a cocoon

They once cocooned themselves

They were once their own parents

Flowers tickle themselves with playful wings

How much is the life of a butterfly if thanks to a butterfly spring comes and the cemetery lives again?

(The Wise Owl reprint)

***

roads explode right under your feet

war is a house without wallpaper

the skies explode overhead

the plane’s gut becomes the first victim

the ability to be honestly afraid appears when a stranger with the face of death breathes into the crown of the head

***

the witch was burned on such a huge log

that if a crossbar were added

it would be a cross

a time for crusades and disbelief is ahead

my cat is purring

and with my eyes closed I conjure
an end to the war outside the window

the cat smiles knowing that wizards do not exist

the future has arrived

it is spring
the graves remain

(3rd Wednesday reprint)

***

we drink the silence of the water breaking the reflection of the cherry blossoms

we quench our thirst with cherry blossoms disturbing the water in which it is reflected

we also reflected in the water

we are reflected in each other

we kiss like grains of sand

we fall apart like sand kisses

at least that’s what I imagined in my head

the water in the morning will wash away our paired traces that never existed

*

balancing between

war and war

leads to groin strain

outside the broken

window you can hear

the songs of birds

as if no one had died

*

the bird drowned itself in silence

our night cries fall on the cemetery slabs

along with the autumn leaves

*

boy washes in the rain

near the ruins of a house

the night takes slain soldiers

into its womb

*

the sky is turning blue

the water turns white

transparency disappears

and in childhood everything seemed clean and clear

in childhood everything seemed black and white

as a child I did not believe that it was possible to become an adult

I still can’t sleep sometimes

and monsters crawl out from under the bed 

torturing me on a full moon

just don’t call mom for help anymore

(An edited new version published in OPEN: Journal of Arts & Letters)

Essay:

“My cat vomits grass”

What does my cat do all day long? Continuously washes himself after I hug him. However, before that he comes and rubs himself against me. Even at five in the morning and with dirty paws, when I sleep he rubs his face, because the rest of his body is hidden by the blanket.

Often the cat eats: food from the bowl, bugs, grass. Sometimes he vomits on the walkway. The walkway is already stained with cat hair and vomit, too. I don’t blame my cat: I myself have vomited a couple of times in the last year from what’s going on around me.

Often a cat will hunt mice, then toss and chew on the corpse, and leave the mouse remains and guts by the side of the road. Animal instincts are incomprehensible to me: why kill and chew on mice if you’re already well fed?

Sometimes the cat plays with household items, from shoelaces to flowers on window sills.

Despite the fact that my cat is a filthy rotter – I love him. He came to our house after the war began and came to live with us. The cat doesn’t understand at all what’s going on around him, and I don’t explain anything to him: what if he starts protecting our house from the blast wave and dies?

It’s funny, I still haven’t figured out the gender of my cat, but by default I think he’s a boy.

Someday my cat will die without ever knowing that a war has broken out. What’s more, my cat will never know why the war started. I will probably die, too, without ever finding out why people go to war. I want to die without finding out that there is a war.

Reprint by The Journal of Compressed Creative Arts

The Broken Bell and The Death of Goodness

The lady asks the man serving the food why the container is only half full. He looks at her annoyed and remarks, ‘I do my best,’ and walks away. It’s obvious to everyone that it’s far from anybody’s best. Not long from there three men harass an actual security guard. ‘How much money do you make?’ He tells them it’s none of their business. Then they move on and try to speak to two women but the women won’t give them any attention, so low is their vibration and problematic their aura. Everyone is sullen and hardly anybody wants to be there. The place is almost empty. I remember the old man whose truck was stalled and nobody would help him in the cold and wind and snow with night approaching. I tried to help him but had difficulties. I am not a mechanic. A lady approaches me and looks at my coffee. I figure it’s not allowed. ‘Can I have the coffee here,’ I ask. ‘You can have the coffee. It’s that I am dying for a coffee also.’ She waits for an answer. I don’t know if she wants me to buy her a coffee. Outside I can see the night, the lights. There was a bread shop that used to donate to the homeless shelter where I worked. I notice it’s gone. I remember the shelter, for there were doors that looked as if they had spirits inside them, and there were many, many good men. And the shelter sat away from the lonesome one lane highway upon the top of a hill. I began work and you had to work part time to begin then, or I did, but I worked 88 hours a pay period which was 8 more hours than the full timers. And I learned much from everyone around me, and I learned many things about life but there is always much more to learn. Outside the window the wind blows cold and that particular town is dirty, grimy. There is some kind of bell affixed to a post. Maybe it is a Christmas bell. But the bell is broken. It’s inside must have fallen out, its ‘heart’ so to speak. The bell is then a shell. It has no heart. But who cares about the poor bell? Nobody. There isn’t even anybody around. The lights that guide the traffic turn. The ones that don’t, well they remain a rueful melancholic yellow. The radio said that storms will arrive. Storms. Ice. Hail. Colder air. As if the world there hadn’t enough trouble already. As if it needed more. 

My country, don't be fooled by your beauty
The steps are on the path of the lovulas,
My eyes rejoice in the reflection of your gaze
Your name Uzbek is on my face.
Sometimes, I think in the quiet night,
Maybe life is what you miss
On the day I lived with sweet longing,
Your glorious history written in verses.

Yes, I praise your beauty
Again, I applaud your honor
I can't get enough of praising that garden of yours
The Motherland, which I cherish in the depths of my heart.
Maybe I won't write poems about you
I don't write books like great poets,
Maybe my ink pens are weak
But, in my heart, you are always the Motherland.

The role of psychological characteristics in the development of a person as a person

                Karakalpak State University

              Uzakbaeva Venera Abatbaevna                                                                                     

Individuality as a personality trait. The essence of individuality is that an individual has his own existence, remains himself, and carries out independent activities in another integrated system. Human individuality is the uniqueness of each individual. A person does not lose his independence even if he belongs to a group in the social existence around him, he remains as a subject with his own identity.

The individual identity is reflected in all the signs of individuality. However, the essence of the uniqueness of individuality is not only related to the external appearance of the individual, but also manifests itself in unique ways as a subject of activity. Individuality can be called a special form of a person’s way of life in society. When we compare the concepts of person and individuality, they cannot be put together, because individuality is a characteristic of a person.

The concept of personality reflects the socially important characteristics of a person as a separate individual. However, if the essence of a person is the personification (personalization) of his social relations, then a separate person manifests his social essence in the form of individuality. In individuality, he creates his own image, becomes the “author” of his own behavior. “If a person is the highest “peak” of the composition of human characteristics, then individuality is the deepest structure of a person and a subject of activity. A person without individuality and identity cannot exist abstractly and realistically.

Thus, a person is social by nature and individual by way of life. It embodies the unity of sociality and individuality, essence and existence.The concepts of person and individuality are not only interrelated, but also mutually support each other. The formation of human personality qualities is interconnected with self-awareness. The behavior of an individual, his attitude to his social roles and duties depends on his individual consciousness, level of development and individual characteristics. Thus, individuality is not only associated with a person, but also constitutes his most important characteristic.

Therefore, it should also be included in the definition of a person. The concept of individuality does not fully correspond to the concept of a person. If the concept of a person expresses the social aspects, social content of a person, reflects his social status and values, the concept of individuality reveals the forms and methods of his life. Natural characteristics do not form individuality by themselves. In order for a human individual to become an individual, he must cease to be a “unit”, a “copy” and gain independence in his existence. Individuality is an important formed feature of an individual, it is a unity of natural and social properties, consciousness and activity.

Thus, individuality is manifested in the object world, nature, and personal society. According to the most important definition of individuality, it reflects the identity of an individual. If the concept of person represents the social content of a person, the concept of individuality reflects his lifestyle and forms. The concept of individuality is closely related to the formation and development of a person’s individuality and uniqueness. In general, the individuality of a person is acquired in the society during his life, provides a goal in the hierarchy of values, can control his behavior during the struggle of motives, is manifested in the process of communication and activity, in others and in himself. is a set of meaningful relationships and guidance.

The Swiss psychologist J. Piaget (1896-1980) recommends to study the development of a person in several periods: 1. Child – external environment – data processing. 2. Thinking: a) before the social era; b) social period.3. Intellect (mind); a) sensorimotor – up to 2 years; b) operational period – up to 2-7(8) years; c) period of obvious operation – up to 7(8)-11(12) years; g) officially (formal) operation period – 11(12) – 15 years old.

American psychologist J. Bruner says that there is a two-way relationship between the formation of a person and education, and if the human’s striving for perfection increases the efficiency of learning, the improvement of education He claims that it accelerates the process of his socialization. In this way, the science of youth psychology has gone through several stages of development and reached its current level.

Scholars of Central Asia, psychologists from near and far abroad contributed to its development. The aforementioned theories, practical and scientific data, methods created by researchers retain their importance. Theories of the classification of age periods in psychology There are a number of independent theories on the classification of age periods into periods, they approach the study of the human personality from different points of view and illuminate the essence of the problem in different ways.

They can include biogenetic, sociogenetic, psychogenetic, cognitivist, psychoanalytic, behaviorist theories. A person is a member of a certain society, he is psychologically developed, distinguished from others by his characteristics and behavior. In the national model of personnel training, a person is defined as the main subject and object of the personnel training system, as a consumer of educational services and as a provider of them.

The state policy in the field of personnel training envisages intellectual, spiritual and moral education of a person, and his manifestation as a comprehensively developed person. The implementation of this social demand guarantees the right of every student to get knowledge, to show his creative abilities, to develop intellectually and to work in a specific profession. In order for a person to become a person as a social being, social environment conditions and upbringing are necessary. Under the influence of these, a person develops as a person and becomes a person. Age and specific characteristics of development. Anatomical, physiological (physical) and psychological characteristics characteristic of a certain age period are called age characteristics.

Education and training work is organized taking into account these young characteristics. Then the influence of education on the child’s development will be strong. It is important to know and take into account the characteristics of the different age periods of the child’s development in order to have a proper approach to the education of children and to teach them successfully. Because the growth and development of the child’s organism, as well as mental development, are different at different ages. Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Yan Amos Comensky, K. D. Ushinsky, Abdullah Avloni also emphasized the need to educate the child. It is very difficult to take into account the unique characteristics of the child.

Because even children of the same age can be different mentally. For example, their ability to see and hear, their activity, their quick perception, their slow thinking, their calmness or restraint, their eloquence or lack of speech, their enthusiasm or lack of enthusiasm, their laziness or diligence. . and it is important to know the methodology of studying the child’s unique characteristics. Temperament (lat. “temperamentum” means “relation of parts to each other”) is a set of individual psychological characteristics of a person.As we have already said, a person is not born as a person, but is developed over time, and most psychologists agree with this.

Maklakov in his book “General Psychology” states that “there are different views on the question of what laws the development of a person is subject to.” These inconsistencies arise as a result of a different understanding of the importance of society and social groups in the development of a person, as well as the laws and stages of development, crises in the development of a person, opportunities to accelerate the development process, and other issues. There are different theories of personality, each of which deals with the problem of personality development in its own way. For example, psychoanalytical theory understands development as adaptation of human biological nature to social life, development of certain defense mechanisms and ways to satisfy needs.

The theory of social learning represents the process of personality development as the formation of certain methods of interpersonal interaction between people. Humanistic and other phenomenological theories explain it as a process of becoming “I”. However, in addition to considering the problem of personality development from the point of view of one or another theory, there is a tendency to consider the personality holistically, from the point of view of various theories and approaches. Within this approach, several concepts have been formed that take into account the coordinated, systematic formation and interdependent change of all aspects of a person. These developmental concepts are called integrative concepts. The peculiarity of the socio-psychological approach to the personality problem is that it is considered as a consequence of various forms of interaction with different groups.

That is, Social psychology, first of all, studies what laws the behavior of a person who is a member of a group obeys, how the effects of a person in the communication system are reflected in his mind. The way in which the influence of the group on the psychology of the individual takes place is intrinsically related to the problem of socialization in social psychology, and how these effects are directly manifested in the behavior of the individual is related to the problem of social guidelines. is liq. It is one of the main tasks of social psychology to develop mechanisms for managing individual behavior, determining the qualities that are formed in a person and their manifestation in different types of people.

The concept of socialization is a socio-psychological category, and it is a process that expresses the level of a person’s exposure to the external social environment surrounding him, his tendency to assimilate its norms and rules. A person is born and grows up under the influence of the external environment that directly surrounds him, he is brought up surrounded by this society and this environment.

References:

  1. Ghaziyev E. G. General psychology. Tashkent 2002

2. Ivanov P.I. Zufarova M. General psychology T. 2008.

3. Shoumarov G’.B. “Family psychology”. Tashkent. “East”. 2008.

4. G’aziev E. Psychology. T. 2008.

5. Haydarov F., Halilova N. General psychology. T.2010.

6. D. B. Elkonin. Izbrannye psychologicheskie trudy. M. Pedagogy. 1989.

7. Psychology of a modern school teacher. — T.: TDPU publishing house, 1997.

8. General psychology, youth psychology and pedagogical psychology. Edited by Gomezo. — T.: “Sharq”, 1982.

Activities of Jan Hus in the Czech Republic in the                         XII- XV centuries

Madaminov  Tulqinjon  Mamayunusovich

Kokan State Pedagogy Associate professor, teacher

Mirzaliyeva Zarinakhan

Student of the Kokan State Pedagogical Institute named after Mukimi

Annotation . This article analyzes the activity of Gus Jan, the national hero of the Czech people, the ideological leader of the Reformation, against the violence of the Germans in the Czech Republic, against the corruption of the upper-class Catholic clergy, and in spreading the church’s land ownership to an extraordinary extent.

Keywords: Husinets,church, 1390 , Prague, exploitation, indulgence, Czech, Wyclef, sacred writing, Neopalus, 1412.

   In the Czech Republic, Jan Hus, a priest and professor at the University of Prague, was a representative of the advanced classes of Czech society in the spirit of religious and national reformation. Jan Hus was born in 1369 in the village of Husinets in a simple peasant family. Of course, every mother wants her child to grow up mature. Therefore, at the age of 13, Jan Gus’s mother took her son to another city to study in Prachatice, where he studied for 4 years. Later, in 1386, Jan Hus went to Prague and in 1390 he became a student of the universities there. In 1402, the most important period in the life of Jan Hus begins – he becomes the priest of the Bethlehem church. His responsible attitude, his desire to convey the truth to the people was manifested in everything, combining work at the university with teaching, he gained momentum in his work. Thanks to his zeal, the Czech king Vaclav changed the charter of the University of Prague in 1409, giving Jan Hus the role of leading the university. Jan Hus’ socio-political and religious views grew up under the influence of the famous English reformer John Wyclef. In particular, in Wyclef’s vision, he promoted the virtues of Christianity, the existence of the papacy, the local church and their luxury. Thus Wyclef’s views in the Czech Republic through Jan Hus manifestation be starts [1]_ In this period in the Czech Republic oppression and exploitation of the Catholic Church increased. During the Hundred Years’ War, the popes transferred their tyranny to Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Each year, the Czech Republic sent taxes in various formats to the papal court. There were especially many priests selling indulgences. Most of the taxes collected in the Czech Republic were sent to the papal treasury. At this time, most of the clergy in the Czech Republic were not native Czechs, but immigrant German priests and monarchs who owned land in the Czech Republic. In a word, the peculiarity and complexity of the revolutionary struggle of the Czech state at the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century came from this. In fact, this social movement was directed at the medieval Catholic Church, which was to a large extent the embodiment of foreign tyranny. This movement is related to the work of Jan Gus. But he surpasses Wyclef in several matters. He understood that the church was tormenting the people. Just as our ancestors did not want to enlighten our people. Just as Jan Hus fought against the Russian Empire, he also fought against the Church’s rules in the Czech Republic. Gus’s relationship with the papacy becomes strained and irreconcilable. He comes out with a sharp criticism against the trade in indulgences, against the expansion of the church by landowners, and against the increasing extortion of money by priests. The professor said that the prayer should be performed in the native language, in Czech, and the land should be used by the state to spend promote does [2]_ He did not call for the overthrow of the feudal system. Basically, it limited the oppressive tyranny of the church on the population. The activity of Jan Gus was aimed at exposing the shortcomings of the clergy, condemning the luxury and wealth of the church.

The work of Jan Hus was opposed by the archbishop of Prague, and then by the pope. Gus is forbidden to worship, deprived of the positions of rector and professor. The Church accused him of blasphemy and summoned him to the court of Constantine in 1414. Emperor Sigismund gives Hus the label of “protector” to protect him from the Church. But Gus is imprisoned as soon as he arrives in Constantinople. The Church does not even want him to speak, and condemns him to be burned at the stake as a heretic. And Sigismund did not want to go back and help Gus, betraying his word. Because at that time the prestige of John Hus was higher than the emperor and the papacy. Thus, on July 6, 1415, Jan Hus was burned at the stake in one of the squares of Constance.

The death of Jan Hus caused deep anger in the Czech people. The “heretical communities” that emerged deepened Gus’s teachings and began to see him as a reformer of the church. Punishments by the government begin to be applied against these Huschilars. In this regard, the Huschis revolted in Prague on July 30, 1419. Prague to this uprising priest Jan Zhelivskyi[3] leadership did _ As a result of the uprising, King Wenceslaus is effectively deposed and he flees the country. In his place, his younger brother, Emperor Sigismund, will become the heir to the Czech throne. Sigismund crushed the Guschilars. But because of Sigismund’s wicked behavior, his open hatred of Gus, and his open communication with the German feudal lords, the Czechs did not even hear his name.

In conclusion, it should be said that, despite the defeat of the Husci, their war was important in the history of the Czech Republic. The largest peasant movement at the end of the Middle Ages, foreign Germans, the first church reformation in the Czech Republic was the activity of the Hussars, an uprising against the medieval Catholic Church. Our ancestors Russia to the empire as he fought , Jan Hus also fought against the church’s order in the Czech Republic . He is a person who reformed the church and society in the Czech Republic as to the tarikh sealed.

References

1. Gutenberg VI People dvijeniya v gorodax Italii v XIV- early XV century . M.- L. 1958
2. History krestyanstva v Yevrope . Epoxa feudalism . T. 1.2. M. 1985 -86 g.
3. Kotelnikova LA ” History average vekov “V 4- t.-M., 1968 g.
4. Lozinsky ST – ” History Papacy “-M., 1986.

---

[1] Semyonov VF ” Middle centuries history “-T. 1973

[2] Semyonov VF ” Middle centuries history “-T. 1973

[3] Gutenberg VI Narodn y e dvijeniya v gorodax Italii v XIV- early XV century . M.- L. 1958

Youth rusher in my eyes,
You made a wide world narrow to me.
Chorus as long as I say my true love,
Is it that you see me rave ?

Easy to get into your words,
What a moment you did not ask.
So bad that you don't think,
Is it that you see me rave ?

Zor I cried You Didn't parvo,
You live just as carefree.
As if I am an unnecessary item,
Is it that you see me rave ? 

Let it be said,
Eyes passing as if not seen.
Alam said friends,
Is it that you see me rave ?

What did the shame either sin,
My love was jajji innocent.
Witness who created akhvolim,
Is it that you see me rave ? 

I'm going to spill slowly,
Ich-ich Dardanelles.
Crying believe me growling,
Is it that you see me rave ?

I couldn't give nahot happiness to you,
Is it that you see me rave ? 

Author: Gulsanam Abdullaeva

Awareness is the need of the hour!

Life is an unrepeatable miracle in which many people are born. As long as a person breathes this air in this world, it means that he is a part of this nature of this world. Man lives in agony without any body part. Therefore, God first creates a person. A person is not born good or bad, on the contrary, he is brought up by the family environment and the upbringing of society. There are people who are the singers of goodness, on the contrary, it can be said with a thousand regrets that there are no people who promote evil in this world, just like the other side of the coin.

         We are now living in the era of 21st century technology-technology “Globalization”, this modern technology is good, developed because many technologies lighten the burden of man. But there are those who promote them wrongly, because of this evil evils such as “Terrorism”, “Extremism”, “Religious fanaticism”, “Human trafficking” are spreading in the society. So what should we do at such a time? This is how we answer this question, let’s be careful, friends.

Let’s take a look at the past. In that case, if a war broke out between one country, it could have been prevented, because the enemy was known, nowadays it is difficult to understand people with bad habits and negative ideas at the same time. Those who do not return, who are subject to lust, their only goal is to earn money, they are those who do not understand the beauty of life, do not find in it, do not enjoy it, and do not know how to live in life.

Therefore, the demand of today’s era is awareness, vigilance. Let’s not forget that everything in this world is done according to the will of man. Money earned in an easy and illegal way will not bring you benefit, on the contrary, it will make you miserable, illegal money will destroy a person. The fruit of honesty is always sweet. Life is beautiful only if you want it to be. Be careful friends!

          Sitorakhon Buriyeva

Buriyeva Sitorakhan Azamatovna was born in 2001 in Kumkurgan district of Surkhandarya region. Currently, he is a 3rd year student of the Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Ilhom.

A member of the literary club, a young volunteer of the “Golden Wing” organization. His creative works have been published in Kenyan magazines. He is an ambassador on behalf of Uzbekistan in several international organizations.

In particular: Africa Nigeria is the ambassador of the organization “Global Education Ambassador” at Wisdom University of the country.

Member of the International Union of Writers of Science and Literature “Juntos por las Letras” of Argentina.