EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR STRENGTHENING IMMUNITY AMONG YOUTH
Annotation
This article provides a scientific analysis of the factors contributing to weakened immunity among young people and explores effective methods for strengthening the immune system. It highlights the biological functions of the immune system, the impact of a healthy lifestyle, the relationship between psychological well-being and immunity, the role of nutritional habits, and the significance of physical activity. Research results indicate that healthy nutrition, regular physical exercise, quality sleep, stress management, and avoidance of harmful habits significantly enhance immune strength.
Youth represent the foundation of a healthy society. Their physical and mental well-being directly affects national development, social stability, and the advancement of future generations. In the context of modern globalization, increased information flow, poor nutritional habits, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and environmental challenges have negative effects on the immunity of young people. According to experts, weakened immunity leads to various infectious diseases, chronic fatigue, sleep disorders, and reduced gastrointestinal function.
Therefore, studying scientifically proven methods of strengthening immunity among youth, applying them in practice, and enhancing preventive measures remain among the most urgent tasks today.
Main Part
1. Immunity and Its Biological Importance
Immunity is the body’s ability to resist various harmful factors. It consists of innate (natural) and acquired (adaptive) immune systems. Innate immunity serves as the body’s natural defense mechanism, whereas acquired immunity forms after exposure to a disease or vaccine. During youth, the immune system actively develops; however, poor lifestyle choices and psychological stress can weaken its functioning.
2. The Impact of Nutritional Habits on Immunity
Since nearly 70% of immune functions are linked to gut activity, nutrition directly influences the state of immunity. Vitamins A, C, D, E, B-complex vitamins, as well as minerals such as iron, zinc, and selenium play a leading role in strengthening the immune system.
Widespread consumption of fast food, sugary drinks, sweets, and foods rich in preservatives among youth weakens immunity. Therefore, a healthy diet should include vegetables, fruits, buckwheat, fish, nuts, natural dairy products, and whole grains.
3. The Importance of Physical Activity and Sports
Regular physical activity improves blood circulation, activates metabolism, and strengthens the immune system. According to scientific research, at least 30 minutes of moderate daily exercise increases immune function by 25–30%. Promoting sports among young people not only encourages a healthy lifestyle but also reduces stress and improves sleep quality.
Running, swimming, cycling, yoga, and Pilates are among the most effective activities for boosting immunity.
4. Sleep Quality and Its Impact on Immunity
Sleep is the period during which the immune system restores itself. Young people who do not get sufficient sleep experience reduced lymphocyte levels, which weakens the body’s resistance to diseases.
Experts recommend 7–9 hours of quality sleep per day for youth. Excessive use of electronic devices and spending long hours online at night slow down the production of melatonin — the sleep hormone.
5. The Influence of Stress and Psychological Factors on Immunity
Young people often experience stress due to academic pressure, social media influence, interpersonal conflicts, and personal challenges. The stress hormone — cortisol — suppresses immune cell activity.
Practices such as meditation, breathing exercises, reading literature, spending time in nature, and engaging in creative activities effectively reduce stress and help strengthen immunity.
6. Consequences of Harmful Habits
Tobacco products, energy drinks, and alcohol significantly weaken the immune system. The frequent consumption of energy drinks, in particular, negatively affects cardiovascular health and increases immune dysfunction.
Promoting a healthy lifestyle among young people is crucial for preventing harmful habits.
7. The Role of Prevention and Medical Check-ups
Weakened immunity is often detected late. Therefore, young people should undergo general medical examinations at least twice a year. Vaccination, especially seasonal influenza immunization, helps support immune function and prevent infectious diseases.
Conclusion
Strengthening immunity plays a vital role in improving youth health. A strong immune system not only prevents diseases but also enhances intellectual activity, productivity, emotional stability, and social engagement. Scientific analyses show that healthy nutrition, regular physical activity, quality sleep, stress management, and avoiding harmful habits constitute the key components of strong immunity. Promoting a healthy lifestyle among young people, increasing preventive measures, and ensuring regular medical check-ups will contribute significantly to the creation of a healthy future society.
References
1. Karimova N. Youth Health and the Immune System. Tashkent, 2020.
2. Kholmatov A., Rasulov U. Foundations of Immunology. Tashkent Medical Publishing House, 2018.
3. World Health Organization (WHO). Youth Health Reports (2019–2023).
4. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Healthy Lifestyle Program. 2021.
5. Smith J., Brown L. Nutrition and Immune Function in Youth. New York: Springer, 2022.
Avazbekova Rayyonakhon was born on March 12, 2008, in Andijan city, Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, into an intellectual family. She is a first-year student of the Andijan Branch of Kokand University, Faculty of Medical Treatment, group 25-11.
Lemmy’s hotel bed: an altar, a stage, a throne. Lemmy Kilmister, high priest of the Church of Motörhead, placed me there as if I were a supplicant, a guest, a fellow conspirator in the endless liturgy of rock ’n’ roll. He pressed cigarettes on me—his communion wafers—and the gesture was both casual and ceremonial.
Later, I told Hollywood scenester and Lemmy associate Tequila Mockingbird about it. She hadn’t been there, hadn’t seen the way Lemmy’s eyes carried both mischief and gravity, hadn’t felt the weight of his charisma pressing down like a bass riff. From the outside, she misjudged it, calling it seduction. But that was her projection, not the truth of the moment.
Because Lemmy’s seduction was not necessarily sexual. It was existential. It was about drawing you into his orbit, making you part of the mythos. He seduced everyone—men, women, journalists, fans—into the gravity well of Motörhead. To sit on that bed was to be baptized into his world, where the sacred texts were written in nicotine stains and the gospel was screamed through Marshall stacks.
At the time, I was Alex S. Johnson, rock journalist. I wasn’t out as transfemme yet. My identity was still a private constellation, a truth I carried but hadn’t named aloud. Lemmy didn’t know that part of me, and yet—looking back—I see how his gesture resonates differently through the lens of who I am now, as Kandy Fontaine.
Classic Lemmy: collapsing the distance between journalist and confidant, between interview and communion. He didn’t care about categories—man, woman, transfemme goddess, fan, or critic. He cared about whether you could hang, whether you could accept the offering, whether you could step into the myth without flinching.
The cigarettes were not just smokes. They were a bond, a way of saying: You’re one of us now. The bed was not an invitation to romance but to belonging. And in that moment, I understood the difference between being misjudged from the outside and being initiated from within.
Now, as Kandy Fontaine, transfemme goddess, I revisit that memory with new eyes. I see not just the ritual of inclusion but the radical acceptance embedded in it. Even though I wasn’t out, Lemmy’s gesture carried no judgment, no hesitation. He didn’t need me to explain myself. He simply welcomed me into the communion of rock ’n’ roll, and in retrospect, that welcome feels even more profound.
FROM FIRST TO LAST: THE CASE OF THE TURKISH TURNCOAT
The 20th century was born, psychologically speaking, with the 1900 publication of Sigmund Freud’s “The Interpretation of Dreams.” Out of this book, psychoanalysis quickly matured into a bold, contentious philosophy, ready and able to challenge the basic tenets of many disciplines. Freud and most of his early followers were Jews, but their precepts and even their mood were so radically different from those of rival schools of thought that the ultimate antecedents of psychoanalysis remain a mystery despite various attempts to trace its genealogy.
Some four decades after “The Interpretation of Dreams” appeared, Immanuel Velikovsky, one of Freud’s professional colleagues, published a comprehensive reinterpretation of the origins of psychoanalysis. “The Dreams Freud Dreamed” appeared in “Psychoanalytic Review” 28 (Oct. 1941). In Velikovsky’s analysis Freud’s own dreams — the foundation of all that came later — dealt with “his inner struggle for unhampered advancement: In order to get ahead he would have to conclude a Faust-pact: he would have to sell his soul to the Church.”
Velikovsky employed Freud’s own psychoanalytic methods to uncover Freud’s hidden motives. He examined 16 of Freud’s dreams, 10 of them in great detail; in his understanding, all of them contained evidence of the same internal conflict. But one of the dreams included an important element which Velekovsky admitted he could not readily fit into his general scheme, though he should have been able to do so.
Velikovsky called the episode the “Dream About the Woman in the Kitchen and the Stranger.” In Freud’s account the dream ended this way:
“I want to put on an overcoat; but the first I try on is too long. I take it off, and am somewhat astonished to find that it is trimmed with fur. A second coat has a long strip of cloth with a Turkish design sewn into it. A stranger with a long face and short, pointed beard comes up and prevents me from putting it on, declaring that it belongs to him. I now show him that it is covered all over with Turkish embroideries. He asks: ‘How do the Turkish (drawings, strips of cloth…) concern you?’ But we soon become quite friendly.” [tr. A. A. Brill]
Velikovsky interpreted that section of the dream as follows:
“We know that a stranger in a dream is usually the father…. Likewise the overcoat which is too large (Jews wear long overcoats) is that of the father. He is surprised in the dream ‘that the coat is trimmed with fur’. Eight pages earlier the story of the father’s fur cap which was thrown into the mud by a Christian is told…. He tries on a Jewish coat (trimmed with fur, father’s religion) and afterwards a foreign (Turkish) one. Why ‘Turkish’ was chosen for foreign I can not say definitely without the assitance of the necessary associations. But Viennese history considers the Turk especially as the foreigner.”
Even as Velikovsky was completing the article, Freud was dying, so his own associations with “Turkish” are lost to us forever. In the article itself Velikovsky specifically warned against analysts making arbitrary associations on behalf of analysands. However, an interdisciplinary approach may succeed where a more specialized one lacks sufficiant information to make a proper evaluation.
A year before Velikovsky was examining Freud’s psychic pattern, Gershom G. Scholem, the first professor of Jewish mysticism and the Kabbala at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, (and, incidentally, the husband of a distant relative of Freud) had come to the startling conclusion that the 19th-century process of Jewish enlightenment and assimilation to European society owed its impetus to a 17th-century heresy named after Sabbatai Zevi (1625-1676). A member of the Sephardic community in Smyrna (modern Izmir, Turkey), at an early age he became imbued with the Kabbalistic teachings of Isaac Luria, a prominent mystic of the previous century. However, he transformed Luria’s arcane teachings into a radical popular movement. As Scholem wrote,
“Sabbatianism represents the first serious revolt in Judaism since the Middle Ages; it was the first case of mystical ideas leading directly to the disintegration of the orthodox Judaism of ‘the believers’. Its heretical mysticism produced an outburst of more or less veiled nihilistic tendencies among some of its followers. Finally it encouraged a mood of religious anarchism on a mystical basis which, where it coincided with favorable external circumstances, played a highly important part in creating a moral and intellectual atmosphere favorable to the reform movement of the nineteenth century.”
As early as 1648 Zevi publicly uttered God’s mystical full name, an act which many devotees interpreted as revealing himself as the long-awaited Messiah. Driven from Smyrna by the horrified rabbis, he spent several years abroad before he returned home in 1665 to proclaim that the next year would signal the beginning of Jewish redemption. From Smyrna he proceeded to Constantinople in order to “depose” the Osmanli sultan. Mehmed IV’s initial response was to remove a nuisance by imprisoning Zevi at Abydos. However, the prison became transformed into a place of pilgrimage. To head off possible unrest the sultan threatened to execute the Messiah unless he publicly converted to Islam. Thus, as “Mehmet Effendi,” Zevi accepted a sinecure at the Turkish court before being banished to Albania, where he died in obscurity.
Humiliated and degraded by Zevi’s apostasy, his followers sought some sort of rationalization for the act. It thus came to symbolize a radical paradox, a mystical form of redemption. They were supported in their interpretation by the experience of the Maranos, Jews who had “converted” to Christianity in the 15th century as an alternative to expulsion from Spain but who continued to practice their ancient rites in secret.
The movement was revived in an especially radical form a century later by Jakub Frank (c.1726-1791), a rabbi’s son who claimed to be a reincarnation of both Zevi and the patriarch Jacob. The Jewish authorities in Poland expelled him due to his heretical doctrines including the deification of himself as a part of a trinity and his denial of the traditional opposition between good and evil. He incorporated sexual practices into his teachings and advocated “purification through transgression,” regarding participation in all forms of behavior as a means of liberation. The Sabbatians informed the bishop of Kamenetz-Podolsk that they rejected the Talmud and recognized only the Zohar, the sacred book of Kabbalah, which did not contradict the Christian doctrine of the trinity. Then Frank claimed that he had recieved a heavenly revelation calling on his adherents to adopt the “religion of Edom” (Christianity) as a transition to the true religion (which he called das, “knowledge’) to be revealed later. In 1759 the Frankists were baptized in Lwów, with members of the Polish szlachta (nobility) acting as godparents; the neophytes adopted their surnames and joined their ranks, and king Augustus III served as Frank’s own godfather. By 1790, 26,000 Jews in Poland converted. (Isaac Bashevis Singer vividly presented a picture of the movement in Poland in his first novel, “Satan in Goray.”) Nevertheless, Frank was arrested for heresy in 1760 and imprisoned in the monastery of Częstochowa, though his influence continued to grow. After the first partition of Poland he was released by the Russian military in 1803 and frequently traveled to Vienna, where empress Maria Theresa regarded him as a disseminator of Christianity among the Jews. Ultimately, Frank and his retinue moved to Germany, where he adopted the title “Baron von Frank” of Offenbach.
The Frankist leader in Prague, Jonas Wehle (1752-1823), intellectually linked Luria and Zevi with Moses Mendessohn and Immanuel Kant; Aaron Chorin (1766-1844), the founder of Reform Judaism in Hungary, a former member of a Sabbatian group in Prague, ordained his protege Leopold Loew (1811-1875), who the first to deliver his sermons in Magyar; Loew specifically attributed a large role in rationalist propaganda and encouragement to the Sabbatians.
The defenders of rabbinical orthodoxy did everything they could to ridicule, destroy, and belittle the importance of the heresy, though Scholem pointed out that “various moderate forms” existed “in which orthodox piety and Sabbatian belief existed side by side, and the number of more or less outstanding rabbis who were secret adherents of the new sectarian mysticism was far larger than orthodox apologists have ever been willing to admit.” The belief became particularly influential among traders and manufacturers, who helped promote a mood that led to a basic reorientation of Jewish culture. In this respect, at least, the Sabbatians were like some Christian sectarians, such as the Quakers and Anabaptists, who, according to Scholem, “created an atmosphere in which the rationalist movement, in spite of its very different origins, was enabled to grow and develop, so that in the end both worked in the same direction.”
Scholem also sketched some of the links he saw between Sabbatiansism and more modern aspects of Jewish culture, in particular its relation to the origins of the Jewish Enlightenment and Hasidism (while at the same time denouncing the view that Hasidism was the impetus for emancipation as a “romantic misconception”). The founder of the Hasidist movement, Israel Ben Eliezer Ba’al Shem Tov (“Besht,” c. 1700-1760) may have been a participant in the disputations between Frank and the Christians, and many of his early followers were probably Sabbatians; he derived much of his own mytical inspiration from moderate Sabbatians such as Joshua Heshel Zoref (1633-1700).
In “The Slayers of Moses,” Susan A Handelman of the University of Maryland noted that Scholem investigated “what had been consigned to what Scholem calls the ‘cellar’ of Jewish history…. But a cellar is also the foundation of the house….” University of Missouri psychology professor David Bakan had already added a new wing to the house that Scholem built. In “Sigmund Freud and the Jewish Mystical Tradition,” he claimed that “Freud, consciously or unconsciously, secularized Jewish mysticism; and psychoanalysis can intelligently be viwed as such a secularization… By separating the supernatural elements in mysticism from its other content, Freud succeeded in making a major contribution to science.”
In a general sense, according to Bakan, Jewish mystical thought was “in the air” throughout Eastern Europe, even to the extent of being embodied in “the common oral expressions” of the Jews. But Freud’s biography specifically links him to some expressions of the mystical thought endemic to the middle of the 19th century. He was born in Moravia, one of the Western strongholds of Sabbatianism. (After his imprisonment, Frank had lived in the Moravian town of Brno until 1786.) The other branch of his family had migrated to Romania, another Sabbtian hotbed, but maintained close communication with Freud’s family; in 1886 one of his sisters married one of her Romanian relatives. Both of Freud’s parents came from areas that were strongly Hasidic; his father was born in Tysmenite, an early asimilationist community which openly espoused the cause of Polish nationalism, and his mother’s family was from Brody, which had been famous as a great anti-Frankist center in the late 18th century before becoming a Hasidic community and a prime area of diffusion in the areas affected by the Berlin Enlightenment.
Freud’s wife also had an interesting background. At the urging of her brother, who was already married to Freud’s sister, she broke tradition by breaking her engagement to another man she did not love. Her grandfather had been a well-known Hamburg rabbi who was vociferously opposed to the Reformers’ repudiation of messianic beliefs (and had been the object of a polemic written by Noah Mannheim, a Reformist rabbi who had performed the wedding ceremony for Freud’s parents); the grandfather was described by Meyer Waxman as “a queer and eccentric personality and his philosophy of Judaism was full of mystic vagaries, some of which were contrary and foreign to the true Jewish spirit.” One of his sons, Freud’s wife’s uncle, had converted to Christianity and obtained an important position at the court of Ludwig I of Bavaria.
Given these circumstances, Freud must have grown up and matured in a milieu of Hasidistic and perhaps even crypto-Sabbatianist mysticism. As an adult he exhibited many traits that are associated with Frankist beliefs. He was fiercely proud of his Jewish heritage (for instance in his praise for Hannibal of Carthage as a Semitic hero), even though he completely rejected its religious beliefs and even though he sometimes dissembled about some of his Jewish connections in order to protect his ideas from racially motivated criticism. Like the Sabbatians, he opposed the orthodox creed while elaborating his own rival set of myths; he may have thus regarded himself as a sort of secular messianic figure. He was indefatigable in his search for intimate knowledge of the forbidden areas of behavior, especially those concerning sex, and in his belief that reality may be apprehended by the intellect.
In a particularly interesting passage, Bakan made an extended comparison of Freud’s presentation of the “dream of Irma’s injection” with the techniques used in the “Zohar.” He also relied heavily on a 1933 Velikovsky article, which traced the seeds of psychoanalytic dream interpretation to very early Jewish texts.
One of the major planks in Bakan’s construction was his interpretation of Freud’s final book, “Moses and Monotheism.” In Velikovsky’s words its theses were “that Moses was an Egyptian prince, a pupil of Akhnaton; that Akhnaton was the founder of montheistic idealism; that when Akhnaton ceased to rule and his schism fell into disfavor, Moses preserved his teachings by bringing them to the slaves, with whom he left Egypt.” Thus its entire purpose was to deprive Jews of Judaism itself. According to Bakan, it was a Kabbalistic work, fearfully written with deliberate obscurity as a book with a double content. “It is, by any of the usual criteria used to evaluate books, incredibly bad. Some of the followers of Freud have tended to dismiss it; and, by some, it is regarded as the product of senility…. If this book had not come from the hand of Sigmund Freud, one would seriously doubt whether it would ever have seen the light of day.” Nevertheless, the book “expresses some of his deepest impulses, impulses which were operative throughout his life. The book is the only one written by Freud which directs itself avowedly to the problem of Judaism and the meaning of being Jewish.”
In an anonymous article, “The Moses of Michelangelo,” written many years earlier, Freud had symbolically transformed the prophet into a gentile by being the subject of a papal funerary statue. This urge was carried to its ultimate expression a quarter century later, in what would in effect be his last will and testament. In Bakan’s analysis, both Zevi and Frank became gentiles; thus, the “ultimate fulfillment of the theme of Sabbatianism is to have Moses, the most profound Messianic figure of Judaism and the image of all other Messiahs, already be Gentile…. By converting Moses into a Gentile, Freud committed his psychological act of apostasy.”
Bakan shrank from stating baldly that Freud was a secret adept of some esoteric sect. “An image of him poring over Kabbalistic books in the dead of night is not supported by the facts; although to have done this would not have been inconsistent with the patterns of the Jewish mystical leaders.” But Bakan’s contention that Freud may have been motivated by some deep-seated knowledge of Kabbalistic lore, even if that knowledge were second-hand, leads us back to Velikovsky’s efforts to unravel Freud’s psyche.
Many years after “The Dreams Freud Dreamed,” Velikovsky recalled that the catalyst for his own reinterpretation of Jewish (and other) texts as accounts of planetary cataclysmic disruption was in fact “Moses and Monotheism”:
“I disagreed with Freud and saw in the octogenarian a still-unresolved conflict with respect to his Jewish origin and his own father. I turned to his dreams to know more about him than his books could tell. I found that his own dreams … spoke a language that was very clear but had meaning which Freud did not comprehend — or did not reveal to his readers. All the dreams dealt with the problem of his Jewish origin, the tragic fate of his people, his deliberations on leaving the ranks of the persecuted for the sake of unhampered advancement — or at least in order to free his children from the fate of under-privileged Jews in Christian and anti-Semitic Vienna.”
Although the dream symbolism may have had a Catholic origin because of the local social pressure to convert to that particular faith, the essential struggle was whether or not to become a gentile. The most famous, or infamous, example of becoming a gentile for opportunistic reasons was, of course, Sabbatai Zevi’s conversion, a drama that was of immense importance to Jewish culture. Zevi was widely condemned as a sort of bogey man. (For example, Theodore Herzl, the father of Zionism, was often called “a new Sabbatai Levi” by his anti-Zionist opponents.) Zevi, of course, achieved his unsavory reputation by publicly donning the coat that “was covered all over with Turkish enbroideries.”
Furthermore, on the basis of the manifest content of the dream, the conflict that Velikovsky described may have been a recurring, familial, one. After all, the father would have grown up in a Hasidistic town at the very time the Jewish Enlightenment was gaining ground. The stranger in the dream (the father, in Velikovsky’s analysis) at first insists that the Turkish coat belongs to him and then rather belligerently wants to know how the Turkish designs concern the dream-Freud. Perhaps it was those very same heretical beliefs that allowed the two, father and son, to become “quite friendly.”
If, as Bakan believed, “Moses and Monotheism” was an essentially Kabbalistic book, some of the volumes that Velikovsky himself wrote may also be re-illuminated. Velikovsky admitted that he began researching the unfinished “Freud and His Heroes” in response to the “Moses” book; out of that research grew, inadvertantly, all of Velikovsky’s “Worlds in Collision” and “Ages in Chaos” concepts of recurring gloabal catastrophes.
Velikovsky left his medical practice in Palestine to coduct research that would refute the central thesis of Freud’s final production. In his imaginative, painstaking reconstruction of ancient history, Velikovsky fixed the creed of Moses hundreds of years before Akhnaton’s religious innovations rather than some few years afterwards.
But in addition to being an important negative catalyst, “Moses and Monotheism” also proved to be a powerful positive influence on Velikovsky, who applied many of Freud’s conclusions and methods to his own reconstruction. A few examples may suggest the strength of Freud’s work on Velikovsky’s:
1) Imaginative use of philology. Freud made much of his identification of Aten (in Egyptian) with Adonis (in Syrian) and Adonai (in Hebrew). Velikovsky’s uses of phonetic similarity were legion; two instances will suffice: He compared the Maruts (“the terrible ones”) in the Vedas with the terrible one (“Ariz”) in the books of Joel and Isaiah and then proceeded to associate these words with the Romans’ Mars and the Greeks’ Ares; he also made an elaborate comparison between the legendary Chinese god/king Yahou, the Biblical deity Yahweh, the Mexican war god Yao, and the Roman sky god Jove, further linking the sounds of their names with various religious chants around the world.
2) Explanation of the origin of anti-Semitism. Freud suggested that other people were jealous of the Jews’ claim to be “the first-born, favourite child of God the Father;” Velikovsky went somewhat further, insisting that it was not mere jealousy — it was fear and resentment that “the great catastrophe of tribulations, destructions and paroxysms of nature … was caused for the benefit of the sons of Israel.”
3) Existence, cause, and effects of phylogenetic memory. After a period of initial resistance, the Jews eventually accepted monotheism. This is how Freud explained the phenomenon:
“Early trauma — defence — latency — outbreak of neurotic illness — partial return of the repressed. Such is the formula which we have laid down for the development of a neurosis. The reader is now invited to take the step of supposing that something occurred in the life of the human species similar to what occurs in the life of individuals: of supposing, that is, that here too events occurred … which left behind them permanent consequences but were for the most part fended off and forgotten, and which after a long latency came into effect and created phenomena similar to symptoms on their structure and purpose.” Freud thus insisted that certain experiences are transmitted to one’s descendants. Velikovsky did not emphasize the sexual nature of those experiences but held that repeated, universal catastrophes left their memory traces, particularly in how we interpret the evidence of those catastrophes.
4) Myth as history. Freud synchronized the Homeric epics with the time in which “the return of the religion of Moses was in preparation among the Hebrews” and proposed that the early Greeks had experienced a period of prehistoric “cultural effloresence which had perished in a historical catastrophe and of which an obscure tradition survived.” Apparently he had in mind some sort of local catastrophe, perhaps of a social or economic nature. Velikovsky of course postulated a series of global destructions and correlated Ikhnaton with Oedipus.
5) Universality of historical accounts. Freud predicted that scientists would eventually be able to verify the same factors underlying the national epics of the Germans, the Finns, and other ancient peoples. He also claimed that the cause of these epics had disappeared before the arrival of Alexander the Great, who lamented that he had no Homer to immortalize his deeds. Velikovsky used historical and legendary accounts, as well as mythological motifs and other sources, to reorder the course of world history from the Exodus onwards but accepted that post-Alexandrine chronolgies were correct.
On the face of it, Velikovsky was probably even less likely than Freud to have been a “closet mystic.” However, Velikovsky’s father had been an early Russian Zionist-assimilationist. Velikovsky was apparently rather indifferent about his religious heritage but was extremely interested in and proud of his people’s cultural traditions and history. He had been the author of a very suggestive article on the Talmudists’ use of word play in dream interpretation, and he developed a very sophisticated technique for using word play in his own psychiatric practice. However, it is not my intent to suggest that he was a Kabbalist, only that he, like Freud, may have been influenced by Kabbalist thought more than he was perhaps aware.
This month, we consider the peace, love, and joy honored during the world’s many December holiday celebrations. This issue also encourages us to take stock of where we are as human beings, physically, intellectually, and morally, and to take whatever steps are possible to rise to the next level.
Sometimes that’s going outside and getting some exercise. Brian Barbeito walks by a lake and considers the joy of simple living and natural beauty.
Aura Echeverri Uribe evokes the monumental destruction of an avalanche. Jack Galmitz speaks to how we manage and control wildness, in our neighborhoods and our bodies, and how it can reassert itself. Carrie Farrar speaks to the joy and wonder of visiting France to see the Mer de Glace glacier. Mahbub Alam speaks to a solid connection between humanity and nature, like a tree standing firm in the changing winds.
Tasneem Hossain draws on the owl as an extended metaphor for wisdom and protection. Roodly Laurore reflects on the tender and colorful beauty and diversity of nature in a piece which he intends to bring comfort in a violent and turbulent world. Maja Milojkovic encourages us to imagine a new world of gentleness and peace towards our earth and each other.
Elizabetta Bonaparte’s poetry takes a short, but strong and cogent, stand against war. Valentina Yordanova, in poetry translated by Yoana Konstantinova, laments the mindless destruction war brings to ordinary lives. Eva Petropoulou Lianou calls for genuine humanity in a world at war.
Samar Aldeek tenderly celebrates peace in her bilingual poetry. Dr. Perwaiz Shaharyar draws on the style of courtly romance to honor the legacy of Mexican poet, peace activist, and literary cultural worker Dr. Jeannette Tiburcio. Fernando Jose Martinez Alderete joins in the tribute to Dr. Tiburcio and also speaks of the need for peace and mutual respect.
Paul Durand warns us of dangerous currents, both in the ocean and in American politics. Bill Tope’s poem criticizes human rights abuses committed in the name of immigration enforcement. Duane Herrmann speaks to the spiritual unity of all the world’s people under Ba’hai teachings and how that serves as an antidote to racism and anti-immigrant sentiment.
Travel gives us firsthand experience with different cultures and helps us understand each other. Türkan Ergör illustrates the dislocation of travel through clever and poetic alteration of word and line breaks. Lakshmi Kant Mukul captures the exhilaration and elevated beauty of plane flight. Abdumuminova Risolabonu Nizamovna discusses how travel helps people learn practical skills, including pragmatic communication in multiple languages.
Learning foreign languages, and mastering one’s native language, helps us understand each other, whether we travel in person or through imagination and books. Shakhnoza Pulatova Makhmudjanovna offers strategies for mastering the Arabic language. Muhammadjonova O’giloy Bunyodbekov qizi offers up suggestions for learning Turkish that would be helpful for any foreign language. Abduhalilova Sevdora Xayrulla qizi highlights grammar rules surrounding modal verbs in the Uzbek language. Allaberdiyeva Farangiz outlines ways for students learning English as a foreign language to gain writing proficiency.
Xudoyberdiyeva Jasmina analyzes the linguistic phenomenon of “chatspeak” and ‘text-speak” on the Uzbek language in a piece that’s more intrigued than negative. Dinora Sodiqova discusses the importance of professional communication for aspiring young Uzbek leaders.
People can also travel through time by reading older works and studying history. Petros Kyriakou Veloudas reflects on the joy and the weight of being part of a creative heritage, even when one does not know the names of each and every ancestor. Poet Eva Petropoulou Lianou interviews poet Muhammad Shamsul Huq Babu about his literary legacy and dream of building a large book museum.
Dunia Pulungeanu highlights the lifetime intellectual and literary accomplishments of Dr. Edwin Antonio Gaona Salinas. Choriyeva Go’zal Gayratjon qizi explores the resurgence of academic and cultural interest in foundational works of Uzbek literature. Xudoyberdiyeva Mohiniso reflects on the historical significance of the Mud Battle, an early military defeat for Central Asian medieval historical figure Amir Temur.
Farzona Hoshimova celebrates the pride and beauty of the Uzbek culture. Matnazarova Munisa encourages young and old Uzbeks to remember and preserve their traditional culture. Bobonova Zulfiya sings of the pride, freedom, and beauty of her native Uzbekistan. David Woodward evokes a quest for truth through reading Krishnamurti, ultimately reconnecting himself with his family. Rahmonkulova Gulsevar Samidovna considers the cultural values implicit within Uzbek folk legends.
Muhammadjonova Ogiloy Bunyodbekovna reviews Abdulloh Abdulmutiy Huda Said Bahul’s book Qu’logim senda, qizim, which provides Islamic faith-based guidance for young girls, narrated by a loving father. Ruzimbayeva Quvonchoy also urges Uzbeks to hold onto their traditional values, including love, bravery, and respect for women.
Maja Milojkovic translates Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s tribute to hard-working women around the world from English into Serbian. Mashhura Ochilova highlights the historical respect for women in Uzbek culture and what modern Uzbek women have achieved. Jaloldinova Gulzirahon Otabek Kizi highlights women’s increasing participation in Uzbekistan’s public life.
Orifjonova Nozima Azizbek considers the prospects for preserving the Uzbek language in a time of economic and cultural globalization. Rahmonqulova Gulsevar Samid qizi analyzes the crucial father-son relationship at the heart of the Uzbek folk epic tale “Alpomish” and its centrality to Uzbek family-oriented culture. Rahimberdiyev Ozodbek outlines key elements of Uzbekistan’s heroic tales.
Dr. Jernail Singh describes how Dr. K.B. Razdan diagnoses some emotional and psychological ills of modern life in his book Gather Ye Rosebuds.Sean Meggeson’s visual poetry speaks to what we gain and lose as modern society progresses. J.K. Durick waxes poetic about times when it seemed that matters were more easily understood and categorized.
Abdulhafiz Iduoze’s epic poem, layered with traditional and modern references from Benin’s culture, serves as a ritual chant and prophetic warning about colonialism and corrupt power structures. It situates recent dynamics within epic time, reminding readers that current matters are not destined to last forever.
Shikdar Mohammed Kibriah affirms the reality of his personal experience amidst the complex claims of philosophical schools. Aisha Al-Maharabi speaks with the voice of one who asserts his claim to existence, writ large on the natural and human worlds. Strider Marcus Jones speaks to reclaiming and holding onto our interior life, emotions, and connection to nature in a world of mass media and technological disruption and deception.
Many other creators explore our internal lives, what we can learn from ourselves and each other and how we can grow as human beings. Allison Grayhurst speaks to her creative and personal journey: learning to function and create through loss, to integrate pain and struggle into her process. Alan Catlin’s fanciful “anxiety dreams” play with our modern insecurities about navigating daily life. Also experiencing anxiety, Mirta Liliana Ramirez’ poetic speaker takes a bit more time before she’s ready to venture out in the world.
Alimardonova Gulsevar Sirojiddinovna explores the balance between personal dreams and duty to society in Somerset Maugham and Abdulla Qodiriy’s writing.
Rus Khomutoff’s latest poetry collection Kaos Karma, reviewed by Cristina Deptula, flows through various words and ideas, pulling us along on the wings of a slow dream. Stykes Wildee’s latest poem seems at once dreamlike and ordinary and conversational, casual thoughts within the subconscious. Mesfakus Salahin’s poetry is ghostlike, contemplative, detached as he contemplates love and death. John Doyle’s poetry harks from a variety of inspirations: everything from insects to gas stations to trains and the countryside. Arjun Razdan’s quick fictional sketch compares young women he sees to elegant fine wine.
Abdulsamad Idris also explores tragedy and loss through a frank and visceral voice. Graciela Noemi Villaverde finds herself lashed by the storms of loneliness and sorrow. Hanaan Abdelkader Ashour approaches loss with tenderness, offering a kind and reverent note of remembrance for departed loved ones. Marianne Jo Alves Zullas speaks openly of her mourning for her departed mother, everywhere and nowhere at once. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s poem captures the emotional emptiness of a relationship where one person loves intensely, and the other remains distant, consumed by their own habits. Marjona Eshmatova outlines various types of family system dysfunction and how to address them psychologically. Taylor Dibbert points to the ways even well-meaning people can misunderstand each other. Dilobar Maxmarejabova warns us how a person’s heart can become colder and more jaded over time.
Mohamed Rahal speaks of striving for authenticity in one’s faith and in love. Narzulloyeva Munisa Bakhromovna encourages people not to compare themselves negatively with others’ projected lives on social media. Raximberdiyeva Moxinabonu outlines the pressing mental health concern of smartphone addiction and the need to balance our phones with the real world. Moldiyeva Bahodirovna speaks to the way digital technologies have permeated our lives and how to have the Metaverse complement, rather than replace, our world. Choriyeva Xurmo urges balance in the use of digital media in preschool education. Orozboyeva Shodiyeva highlights educational social media applications and encourages her peers to use those rather than focusing just on entertainment.
Priyanka Neogi playfully celebrates innocent, childlike love. Milana Momcilovic evokes an eternal, spiritual love. Dr. Brajesh Kumar Gupta captures an elegant romantic kiss under moonlight. Vorhees describes erotic and tender love with gentle whimsy and echoes of history. Kemal Berk contributes a graceful love poem about the merging of egos and personalities within a relationship.
Ana Elisa Medina describes a love that encourages her to become a better person. Mohan Maharana celebrates the value of small acts of kindness. Abdusaidova Jasmina shares the importance of kindness through a children’s tale involving a mouse. Balachandra Nair highlights the value of virtue by presenting positive character traits as valuable jewels on display.
Sayani Mukherjee pleads for deep, enduring joy that can withstand the world’s problems.
One way many people find joy is through engaging in various forms of creativity and knowledge gathering. Farida Tijjani draws on a wide variety of technical and natural inspirations to explore gender, creativity, and society.
Various contributors speak of advances in different fields. Uzoqova Gulzoda encourages innovative approaches to elementary school education. Nazulloyeva Feruzabonu highlights the value of science and innovation in inspiring society as well as providing material advancements.
Abdujabborova Rayhona points out ways medical and psychological professionals can reduce unhealthy stresses for pregnant people. Durdona Sharifovna Roziboyeva highlights the success of a recent orthodontic treatment for upper airway issues.
Dinora Sodiqova outlines basic principles of modern consumer advertising. Mamarajabova Shahnoza discusses how digital technologies are transforming the field of accounting. Dianne Reeves Angel celebrates the physical and mental artistry of comedian and actor Buster Keaton.
Several pieces remind us that as we advance in our knowledge and our technical skills, we must bring our humanity along with us. Kandy Fontaine raises questions about ethics and oversight concerning how people are treated in American hospitals. Avazbekova Rayyonaxon reminds medical professionals to display professional behavior as well as knowledge.
Finally, Dr. Jernail S. Anand reminds us to occasionally step back from the clatter of daily human interaction to connect with the universe on a deeper level. We wish all of you inspiration and a chance to think, feel, and connect with the world beyond yourselves this holiday season.
Annotation: Due to the rapid growth of digital technologies, the way people receive information, communicate, and form political and social opinions is undergoing significant changes. This article also provides recommendations on the proper use of social media during the digital transformation of society.
Keywords: social media, digital society, information security, youth awareness, fake news, virtual communication, digital culture, internet psychology, media literacy, online environment.
In the 21st century, where digital technologies are rapidly advancing, social media has become an integral part of human life. It serves not only as a means of communication but also as a source of information, education, business development, participation in political processes, and personal branding. Today, a large portion of the world’s population spends a considerable amount of time on social networks, and this significantly affects various layers of society.
Social media has become a primary platform for fast information exchange and global interaction. Through these platforms, people share their thoughts, stay updated on news, and form communities and groups. Among young people especially, social media has deeply penetrated everyday life and plays an important role in shaping identity and worldview. Additionally, social media is widely used in business and marketing. It offers great opportunities for small and medium enterprises to advertise, connect directly with consumers, and enter the market quickly.
Social media provides instant access to news and events. People follow global developments, scientific discoveries, and economic changes primarily through these platforms. Many educational platforms, blogs, video lessons, and online courses spread through social networks, providing students, learners, and professionals with opportunities to improve their skills. Social media also contributes to the development of open dialogue, diversity of opinions, and a culture of free discussion within society. Various social initiatives, environmental campaigns, and charity activities reach large audiences through social media, and they play a role in uniting people.
However, due to its open structure, misinformation spreads quickly on social media. This may negatively influence public opinion and lead to incorrect social decisions. The excessive attractiveness of virtual life can cause young people to waste time unproductively, experience psychological pressure, or develop complexes due to comparing themselves with others. Personal information shared by users can be exploited by fraudsters. Constant dependence on likes and comments may also lead to psychological addiction.
Checking information sources, relying on trustworthy platforms, and avoiding the spread of fake news are essential rules of digital culture. At the same time, parents and educators must focus on developing correct social media usage skills among young people.
In conclusion, social media plays an important role in the development of modern society. It simplifies education, business, communication, and information exchange. However, improper use can lead to negative consequences. The main task of society is to use social media effectively and safely, promote media culture among the youth, and improve information literacy. Only then can social media become a powerful tool that contributes to social progress.
Rakhmataliyeva Navruza Umidjon qizi was born on March 21, 2005, in Pop district of Namangan region. She completed her studies at School No. 32 in her district and is currently a 3rd-year student at Namangan State Pedagogical Institute.
Since childhood, Navruza has been passionate about literature and poetry. In addition, she is a five-time Champion of Uzbekistan in rhythmic gymnastics. She has actively participated in events organized by the Youth Affairs Agency, as well as in Zakovat intellectual competitions, and has earned several certificates.
FORMATION OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE TURKIC CLASSICAL LITERARY HERITAGE: A PEDAGOGICAL MODEL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DIDACTIC VIEWS OF HAFIZ KHOREZMII
Kurbanova Shukurjon Yeldashbayevna
Independent researcher at Urgench State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
shukurjonyeldashbayevna@gmail.com
ORCID: 0009-0006-3301-0776
Abstract: This article analyzes the educational and spiritual essence of Hafiz Khorezmii’s work, in particular the role of the poet’s philosophy of love and didactic views in the formation of personality development. The study highlights the theoretical foundations of the integration of the Turkic classical literary heritage into the modern educational process and reveals the conceptual principles of the pedagogical model that ensures the spiritual, spiritual and intellectual development of the individual. Based on the continents of Hafiz Khorezmii, the mechanisms of internal change of the individual, reflexive thinking, moral and ethical choices, processes of mental stability and constructive use of suffering are analyzed from a scientific point of view.
The results of the research determine the possibilities of using the didactic heritage of Hafiz Khorezmii in modern pedagogical practice and put forward proposals and recommendations that will have an effective impact on the formation of personality development. The results of the article strengthen the scientific and methodological foundations aimed at spiritual enrichment of the educational process, improving personal education and using the Turkic classical heritage as a practical pedagogical resource.
Classical Eastern literature is a major spiritual phenomenon that has made a huge contribution to the formation and improvement of human thought, moral values, and artistic and aesthetic taste over the centuries. In particular, the literary heritage created by the Turkic peoples has a unique artistic and philosophical system, in which language, thought, and education form a common whole, inseparable from each other. One of the creators who vividly demonstrated this harmony is Hafiz Khorezmii, a representative of the poetry of the XIV-XV centuries, whose personality and legacy remained unknown to the scientific community for a long time, but who was included in the scientific community as a result of the consistent research of Professor Hamid Sulaymon in the second half of the 20th century [H.Sulaymon, 1976: 34–43].
Hafiz Khorezm’s artistic heritage today retains its significance not only as a historical and literary phenomenon, but also as a source of moral and aesthetic values that can satisfy the spiritual needs of modern society. The poet’s poetic examples, which glorify human virtues, encourage spiritual and moral purification, and awaken thought, emphasize the principles of education, justice, perfection, and philosophy of life.
Literature review.
The poetry of Hafiz Khorezmii is considered to be a work that created a unique school in classical Turkic literature with its didactic orientation, strict systematization of moral views, and harmony with social consciousness. These aspects have been scientifically covered by researchers who have studied the poet’s artistic thinking, aesthetic views, and didactic concept. In particular, M.Sulaymonov in his articles “Hofiz Khorezmi’s didactic views” [M.Sulaymonov, 1992: 20–22], “Didactic views in the poetry of Hafiz Khorezmii” [M.Sulaymonov, 2016: 144–148], and Sh.Kurbanova in her methodological manual “Hofiz Khorezmi’s didactic views and their pedagogical significance” [Sh.Ye.Kurbanova, 2025: 9-13] analyze the spiritual and moral concept of the creator, his educational ideas, and the poetic means in which they are embodied.
It is noteworthy that in recent decades, interest in the heritage of Hafiz Khorezmii has been growing not only in the local scientific environment, but also internationally. In particular, the poet’s work is being formed as a separate scientific direction in literary schools of Turkic-speaking peoples. The research of Turkish researchers R.Toparli [Recep Toparlı, 1997: 511-524], A.Ustuner [Ahat Üstüner, 2014: 1107-1116], A.Karahan [Karahan Akarturk, 2020: 244-248] and other scholars makes it possible to study the poetics of Hafez Khwarizmii from a new theoretical perspective and reassess his place in Turkic literature.
Research Methodology.
The methodology of this study is aimed at identifying the educational potential of the Turkic classical literary heritage, in particular, the possibilities of applying Hafiz Khorezm’s didactic views on personal development in the modern educational process, and in this process it is considered appropriate to conduct research based on cultural-historical, pedagogical anthropology, competency-based and integrative approaches. This methodological platform allows for a deep study of the conditions of the formation of the poet’s work, the educational essence of his moral and philosophical ideas, and the degree of harmony of this heritage with current pedagogical practice.
It is appropriate to use scientific methods such as historical-logical analysis, source and textual research, comparative analysis, content analysis, pedagogical modeling, expert evaluation in the research, which create a great opportunity to identify the main semantic layers of the concept of perfection in the lyrics of Hafiz Khorezmii, to determine the pedagogical interpretation of such categories as moral maturity, spiritual purification, moral standards and social responsibility.
This set of methodological approaches helps to establish on a scientific basis the ways of effective use of the didactic heritage of Hafiz Khorezmii and to create a conceptual framework that serves to apply it to the education of a modern person.
Analysis and results.
Hafiz Khorezmi’s poetic views, formed around the theme of love, embody a complex spiritual and moral system serving the perfection of the individual. In the poet’s philosophy of love, aesthetic pleasure, spiritual suffering, contemplation, moral maturity and the pursuit of perfection are manifested as complementary didactic principles. In this regard, the issue of love in Hafiz Khorezmi’s lyrics is not only an emotional experience, but also a philosophical and didactic concept that embodies the stages of the spiritual development of the individual. The following verse of the poet serves as an important scientific source in illuminating the main semantic layers of this concept:
Dard-i jondin dam urma, ey Hofiz,
Chun jahon ichra yo‘q turur hamdam.
Mahrame izdar ersang o‘zunga,
Dard-i jonso‘z erur sanga mahram.
So‘z-i jonning so‘zinikim yozdim
Kuydiyu yondi kog‘az ila qalam.
G‘am taqi ne’mate erur haqdin
Ne’matin yeyu ayla shukr-i niam.
Hamdame chunki yo‘q bu olamda,
Izdayu bo‘lmag‘il nadim-i nadam.[ Devon. Book II, 1981: 292]
The analysis of this verse shows that Hafiz Khorezmii interprets love as a process of spiritual and logical transformation of the individual, self-perception and achievement of inner perfection. The verse “Dard-i jondin dam urma” indicates that delaying personal development, avoiding internal suffering, and suppressing mental processes are contrary to human development. This idea is consistent with the principles of modern developmental psychology such as “cognitive-emotional integration” and “management of internal experiences” and confirms that emotional maturity is one of the important pillars of personal development.
We can see how these aspects play a role in personal development in the research of F. Abdug‘opirova [F.A. Abdug‘opirova, 2022: 58-76], M. Badritdinova [M.B. Badritdinova, 2022: 78-92], L. Eshonkulov [L.N. Eshonkulov, 2022: 85-97], E. Kurbanov [E.E. Kurbanov, 2022. 62-66] and other studies. Thus, in the poet’s didactics, suffering is interpreted not as a destructive, but as a transformative force – that is, as an internal spiritual force of personal growth.
The verses “jahon ichra yo‘q turur hamdam” and “ Dard-i jonso‘z erur sanga mahram” in the stanza emphasize the necessity of the process of spiritual isolation, self-awareness, and metaphysical thinking that occurs when a person is left alone with himself. From a didactic point of view, this serves as the basis for the formation of a person’s metacognitive competencies, the development of independent thinking, and internal reflection. This process, present in the poetic discourse of Hafiz Khorezmii, is in harmony with mystical concepts and is interpreted as an important stage in achieving perfection. At the same time, this idea is consistent with pedagogical and psychological concepts such as “internal dialogue” and “reflective practice” used in modern personally oriented education.
The verse “So‘z-i jonning so‘zinikim yozdim
Kuydiyu yondi kog‘az ila qalam” reflects the process of transforming internal experience into external expression in the poetics of Hafiz Khorezmii. This process can be noted as a necessary mechanism for the formation of expressive competence, the ability of a person to express his thoughts and feelings from a psychological and pedagogical point of view. A person who is able to express himself is more active in understanding his identity, which is one of the main indicators of personal maturity.
The poet’s idea “G’am taqi ne’mate erur haqdin” reveals the positive, educational essence of grief and suffering. This idea didactically corresponds numerically to the “growth through adversity” model. Experiencing difficulties, demonstrating acceptance and patience towards them strengthens a person’s mental resilience, the formation of volitional qualities, and willpower. For Hafiz Khwarizmii, grief is not a sign of spiritual weakness, but a divine test that shapes the qualities of a perfect person.
The final lines of the stanza, exclaiming, “Hamdame chunki yo‘q bu olamda
Izdayu bo‘lmag‘il nadim-i nadam” emphasize independence, inner freedom, and at the same time honesty and loyalty to one’s own identity as the highest stage of personal perfection. This idea is consistent with the principle of moral education and autonomy in personal development. According to modern educational theory, moral education and autonomy are the ability of a person to make independent decisions, feel responsible for his actions, and live based on his inner beliefs and values. Hafiz Khwarizmii, expressing this principle through poetic symbols, connects personal perfection with divine logic and spiritual strength.
According to the results of the above analysis, Hafiz Al-Khwarizmi’s philosophy of love forms three main components for the didactic model presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Didactic model of Hafiz Khorezm’s philosophy of love.
The results show that this model, aimed at the formation of personality development, using the didactic views of Hafiz Khorezmii, is significant in all respects. It sees personality development in spiritual and intellectual harmony, interprets personality development as a process of internal changes, spiritual searches, overcoming difficulties and self-awareness. This shows that the possibilities of using Turkish classical literature in the modern educational process are extremely wide.
Conclusion/Recommendations.
This study has shown that the philosophy of love and affection in the works of Hafiz Khorezmii constitutes a complex system that has not only aesthetic, but also pedagogical and didactic significance in the formation of personal perfection. After all, the use of the philosophy of love and didactic views of Hafiz Khorezmii allows enriching the inner world of a person, strengthening moral values, developing the ability to make independent and responsible decisions, as well as educating a mentally stable and intellectually mature person.
In order to effectively use the criteria for personal education and achieving moral perfection in the works of Hafiz Khorezmii in pedagogical activities, it is appropriate to put forward the following scientifically based proposals:
1. Special educational modules aimed at the formation of personal perfection should be developed in schools and higher educational institutions based on the Turkic classical literary heritage and the didactic views of Hafiz Khorezmii.
2. Interactive methods based on Hafiz Khorezm’s continents and philosophy of love, namely reflexive writing, group discussions and spiritual self-awareness exercises, should be widely implemented in pedagogical practice.
3. It is recommended to develop a system of indicators based on the didactic heritage of Hafiz Khorezmii in assessing personal development and spiritual education, and to monitor the moral and intellectual development of students.
To achieve these goals, we offer the following recommendations:
a) Develop methodological manuals on personal development in the process of studying classical Turkic literature and Hafiz Khorezm’s lyrics and organize trainings for teachers;
b) Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to integrate Hafiz Khorezm’s philosophy of love and didactic views into school and university programs as a pedagogical model.
As a final thought, it can be said that the work of Hafez Khwarizmii and the classical Turkic literary heritage can be widely used in the modern educational process as a practical and theoretical basis for enriching personal education, developing spiritual and intellectual potential, and forming moral maturity.
References.
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2. Badritdinova M. B. Psychological features of the development of the cognitive style in adolescents: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology … diss. – Tashkent, 2022. – p 147.
3. Eshonkulov L. N. Cognitive significance of humor in the formation of aesthetic thinking of youth: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philosophy … diss. – Samarkand, 2022. – p.153.
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