May every passing day of my people be a celebration. May its people live in health and peace. May every heart smile with happiness. Let Uzbekistan keep singing the melody of peace.
Be children who burn with love for your homeland. So many opportunities have been created for you. Build a strong foundation for the future. Today, Uzbekistan has placed its trust in you.
Read books, seek knowledge, do not wander aimlessly. In deserts and steppes, create gardens and orchards. Design projects and programs, do not stay silent. Uzbekistan will support you materially.
Many banks open their doors for the youth. Your leader’s decisions are your shield. Show your strength in knowledge and intellect. Uzbekistan supports you in every field.
Songs and melodies suit a peaceful land. Its children grow up cheerful and joyful. Other nations look with admiration. May no evil eye touch your peace, Uzbekistan.
Fergana State University Agrarian Joint Faculty Student of group 25.64: Orzigul Ibragimova
REFORMS IN THE TRANSITION TO A GREEN ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN:
On the Example of the Strategy for the Transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a Green Economy for the Period 2019–2030
Students of Termiz State University of Engineering and Agrotechnologies Ergasheva Komila To‘ra qizi Email: komilaergasheva152@gmail.com
Namozova Sarvinoz Erkin qizi Email: nomozovasarvinoz74@gmail.com
Abstract: The article examines the current problems of transition to a green economy in our country and their solutions using the example of the “Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the transition to a green economy for 2019-2030”. At the same time, it is noted that in the current period, global environmental problems and the limited availability of natural resources and the urgency of their rational use are one of the important directions of our economy.
Key words: Ecological crises, green economy, strategies, sustainable development, industrialization, small business, financial mechanisms, incentive mechanisms, energy efficiency, innovative solutions.
Introduction
Over the past few years, one of the key directions implemented in our country, the results of which are clearly visible in the economy, is the development of the green economy. A green economy is an approach aimed at promoting environmental development, improving ecological conditions, and ensuring sustainable growth without harming the environment.
In order to give special attention to this sector, the Strategy for the Transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a “green” economy for the period 2019–2030 was developed. In particular, the following were defined as the main objectives:
Increasing energy efficiency and rational use of natural resources through technological modernization and the development of financial mechanisms;
Introducing “green” criteria based on advanced international standards into priority areas of public investment and expenditure;
Supporting pilot projects in green economy sectors through the development of state incentives, public-private partnerships, and enhanced cooperation with international financial institutions;
Developing systems for training and retraining personnel for the green economy by encouraging investment in education and strengthening cooperation with leading foreign educational and research institutions;
Taking measures to mitigate the negative effects of the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea region;
Strengthening international cooperation, including through bilateral and multilateral agreements.
Research Methods (Methodology)
This article uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to assess reforms and their effectiveness within the framework of Uzbekistan’s Green Economy Transition Strategy for 2019–2030 (PQ-4477).
The priority areas defined in Uzbekistan’s strategy (energy efficiency, renewable energy share, water resource management) were compared with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG-7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG-13 (Climate Action).
Other relevant regulatory documents and concepts, such as the Energy Efficiency Concept in Industrial Sectors.
Strategic goals, indicators (such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 35% by 2030 and increasing renewable energy share to 30%), and action plans were analyzed in the context of priorities and existing challenges.
Current Progress
Uzbekistan is gradually transitioning to a green economy, and current results confirm this progress.
For example, in 2022:
Presidential Decree PQ-436 was adopted to improve the effectiveness of reforms aimed at transitioning to a green economy by 2030;
Strategic documents were approved, including:
The Green Economy Transition Program until 2030;
The Energy Efficiency Concept for industrial sectors;
The Action Plan for green growth;
A target was set to reduce energy intensity by 20% by 2026 compared to 2022;
The Interagency Council on green economy coordination was updated;
A Donor Coordination Group was established;
A project office (Technical Secretariat) was created under the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction.
Additionally, in cooperation with the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), a public policy loan program was implemented, under which €150 million was allocated to Uzbekistan’s state budget.
Target Indicators (by 2030)
Direction
Target
Greenhouse gas reduction
35% reduction (compared to 2010)
Renewable energy share
30% of electricity production
Industrial energy efficiency
At least 20% improvement
Energy intensity of GDP
30% reduction
Water-saving technologies
1 million hectares coverage
Green areas expansion
Increase by 30%
Waste management
600 collection points
Research Results and Discussion
The results show that Uzbekistan has achieved significant progress in strengthening institutional foundations and reforming the energy sector.
The adoption of PQ-436 and the restructuring of coordination mechanisms demonstrate strong political will and improved international cooperation.
In the energy sector:
A target of 30% renewable energy share by 2030 was set;
Industrial energy intensity is planned to decrease by 20%.
However, achieving these goals requires substantial investment, making financial support—such as the €150 million AFD loan—crucial.
Despite progress in public-private partnerships and international investment, the absence of mechanisms such as carbon pricing remains a challenge that may slow down the green transition.
Environmental priorities include:
Mitigating the Aral Sea crisis;
Implementing water-saving technologies on 1 million hectares.
These are critical for Uzbekistan’s socio-economic stability given limited water resources.
Conclusion
One of the major global economic problems today is the unequal distribution of resources such as water, soil, and natural energy. A significant share of resource consumption belongs to developed countries, highlighting the need for global action.
We believe that:
International organizations in health, food security, and climate research should develop practical proposals for fair resource distribution;
Negotiations should ensure equitable allocation for both developed and developing countries.
Currently, one in five people worldwide lacks access to sufficient energy, illustrating the urgency of this issue.
Global resource inequality leads not only to economic imbalance but also to ecological degradation, social tensions, and slower sustainable development. Overuse of natural resources by developed countries intensifies water scarcity, soil degradation, and energy shortages, while developing countries struggle to address these challenges independently.
Therefore, strengthening international cooperation for fair and efficient resource use is essential. Expanding joint programs in energy, water supply, ecosystem protection, and food security is necessary.
Strategies developed by international organizations must consider the interests of all countries, especially by improving infrastructure in less developed regions, introducing resource-efficient technologies, and reducing emissions.
Ensuring equal access to energy, promoting renewable energy technologies, and supporting their implementation are crucial for global stability. Since one-fifth of the world’s population still lacks adequate energy access, this places a significant responsibility on the international community.
Joint efforts in addressing these challenges will contribute to building a safe, sustainable, and equitable world for future generations.
References
Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4477 (04.10.2019) – Green Economy Transition Strategy (2019–2030).
Khashimova S.N. Green Economy textbook. Tashkent: Ma’rifat, 2024.
Decrees and resolutions of the President of Uzbekistan.
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Uzbekistan under the Paris Agreement.
Agreements and reports on green project financing with AFD, World Bank, and EBRD.
Lex.uz – National legal database.
President.uz – Official website of the President of Uzbekistan.
KDPI Faculty of Philology and Social Sciences Uzbek Language and Literature Department 1st-year student: Sevara Abduxalilova Email: abduxalilovasevara007@gmail.com
Abstract: This article discusses the life, scientific activities and great contribution of the great astronomer and statesman Mirzo Ulugbek to the development of science. His interest in science from a young age, the establishment of the Ulugbek Observatory, his research in astronomy and mathematics, and the history of the creation of the famous work „Ziji-i Koragani“are analyzed. Information is also provided about Ulugbek’s contribution to the development of science, his students and scientific school. The article considers the fact that the scientific heritage of the great scientist still retains its significance today.
The great scholar and statesman Mirzo Ulugʻbek (full name Muhammad Taraghay Ulugbek) was born on March 22, 1394, in the city of Sultaniya. He was the grandson of the great commander Amir Temur and the son of Shah Rukh Mirza. From an early age, he showed great interest in science, especially mathematics and astronomy. From childhood, he was respectfully called “Ulugbek,” and later he became famous under this name. Literacy, as well as the basics of religious and secular sciences, were not unfamiliar to young Muhammad Taraghay. He was a great astronomer and mathematician and had memorized the Holy Qur’an. Although his mother was Gawharshad Begum, he was raised in the court of Temur. According to tradition, the young prince was entrusted to the upbringing of Saroymulk Khanum, the chief wife of Sahibqiran.
Although not much historical information has been preserved about Ulugbek’s family and personal life, it is known that he was married and had children. His family was formed in accordance with the traditions of the Timurid dynasty to strengthen political and kinship ties. His wives held an important place in palace life; although they did not directly participate in state affairs, they were active in the cultural and social life of the court. Among his children, the most famous was his son Abdulatif Mirza. Unfortunately, the tragic end of Ulugbek’s life is connected with this very son. As a result of struggles for the throne, Abdulatif rebelled against his father and caused his death in 1449.
Speaking about his scientific activity and legacy, when his father Shah Rukh Mirza appointed Herat as the capital of the state, sixteen-year-old Ulugbek became the ruler of Samarkand in 1409, and in 1411 he became the independent ruler of Movarounnahr. Mirzo Ulugbek created the largest scientific school of his time. Many famous scholars gathered around him, such as the mathematician and astronomer Qazi Zada al-Rumi, the astronomer Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Kashani, and the scholar Ali Qushchi, who conducted research at Ulugbek’s observatory.
Ulugbek’s scientific works made a great contribution to the development of astronomy and mathematics. He is famous in the scientific world as a great astronomer. His greatest achievement in this field is the astronomical table known as Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy. This work served as an important reference for astronomers around the world for centuries. Ulugbek was also interested in medicine and music and wrote poetry. In Alisher Navoi’s work “Majolis un-nafois,” examples of his poems are presented. Four works of the scholar have survived:
“Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy” — on astronomy;
“A Treatise on Determining the Sine of One Degree” — on mathematics;
“Risola-yi Ulugbek” — dedicated to stars;
“Tarixi arba ulus” (History of the Four Nations) — on history.
Mirzo Ulugbek was not only an astronomer and mathematician but also engaged in architecture. Thanks to his architectural activities, Samarkand flourished. He turned it into a center of science and culture. On his initiative, the famous Ulugbek Observatory was built in Samarkand. This observatory became one of the largest scientific centers of its time, where many scholars worked. In his famous work “Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy,” the precise coordinates of more than a thousand stars were presented. Later, this work was widely used by European astronomers.
By his decree, madrasas were built in Bukhara in 1417, in Samarkand in 1420, and in Gijduvan in 1433. Charitable institutions were established in the city of Marv. Construction of architectural monuments such as the Bibi-Khanym Mosque, Gur-e-Amir, and Shah-i-Zinda was completed. Ulugbek also built caravanserais, markets, domed bazaars, and bathhouses. The Ulugbek Observatory, constructed in 1428–1429 on Kuhak Hill, is one of the finest examples of 15th-century architecture in Samarkand. During his reign, many works were translated from Arabic and Persian into Old Uzbek. His rich library contained more than 15,000 books.
The scientific legacy and historical significance of Mirzo Ulugbek are widely reflected not only in historical sources but also in literary works. One such work is the novel Ulugʻbek xazinasi by Odil Yoqubov. This historical-artistic novel depicts the life, scientific activity, and tragic fate of the great scholar and ruler. Although based on historical facts, the author presents a creative interpretation. The novel highlights Ulugbek’s boundless love for science, his qualities as a just ruler, and the complex political struggles of his time.
At the center of the novel lies Ulugbek’s scientific treasure—not gold or wealth, but his scientific works, astronomical observations, and scholarly school. In particular, his famous work “Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy” is shown as a great contribution to world astronomy. The novel also portrays the political conflicts of his time. As a ruler devoted to science, he could not reconcile with certain forces and ultimately faced a tragic fate. Through this, the author artistically depicts the struggle between knowledge and ignorance. The main idea of the work is that science is humanity’s greatest treasure, and the legacy of great scholars is an invaluable heritage for future generations. Thus, “Ulugbek’s Treasure” emphasizes that the true treasure is not material wealth, but knowledge and enlightenment. We, in turn, are the heirs of Ulugbek’s treasure!
The name of Mirzo Ulugbek is forever engraved in history as a great scholar, wise ruler, and patron of science. His life and work demonstrate that true heritage is not material wealth but knowledge, intellect, and enlightenment. The scientific school he founded, the works he created, and the institutions he built still play an important role in the development of human thought. Only the younger generation who choose the path of science and strive to develop knowledge and intellect can continue the legacy of great ancestors and achieve new scientific discoveries in the future. Ulugbek’s scientific activity serves as an inspiring historical example, encouraging youth to pursue knowledge, research, and critical thinking. His contributions to science remain a powerful source of inspiration. Therefore, studying and promoting Ulugbek’s legacy is an important task for all of us. In conclusion, the true treasure is not material wealth, but knowledge and enlightenment.
References:
Ahmad Donish. Historical works. — Tashkent: Fan Publishing.
Aziz Qayumov. Mirzo Ulugbek. — Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing.
Boriboy Ahmedov. History of Amir Temur and the Timurid Era. — Tashkent: Uzbekistan.
“What do you seek” ? He questioned without looking at me
Politely, I replied, “Peace and Serenity”.
“Are you ready to renounce the world” ? he enquired asking me to sit
To which I replied,” No your holiness, I want to transform it”.
After seeking his blessings I came back
Walking bravely the same lonely track
I realised I had a different goal
I don’t fit into a sage’s role
God has made me a bard
To spread positivity through my art
Poetry for me is a “white dove”
Spreading messages of peace and love.
Harinder Cheema is an internationally renowned, award-winning poet, novelist, author, editor, anchor, and a motivational speaker. A Naji Naaman Laureate, she stands among distinguished global literary voices and has been featured in 50 Memorable Women, Asia by the Stockholm Project. Her work has also been featured in the prestigious Farsala Academy, Greece, and Café Philo, New Delhi. Her poems have been translated into many national and international languages. She is a motivational speaker and has been invited by many colleges and Universities of India as a guest speaker. She has also graced various national and international literature festivals and events as a distinguished guest.
This article explores the innovative intersection of ecotourism and physical education (PE), proposing a shift from traditional gym-based activities to outdoor, environment-centered learning. As global trends emphasize sustainability, integrating ecological literacy with physical activity offers a dual benefit: improving student health and fostering environmental stewardship. The study examines methods such as plogging, orienteering, and eco-trekking, highlighting their physiological and psychological impacts. Practical frameworks for educators are provided to implement these strategies within the modern curriculum.
Literature Review The relationship between physical movement and nature has been a subject of increasing academic interest. Louv (2005) introduced the concept of “nature-deficit disorder,” arguing that the lack of outdoor activity contributes to various behavioral and health issues in youth. In my opinion, this underscores the urgent need for PE curricula to move beyond the physical boundaries of the school building. Similarly, Higgins (2002) suggests that outdoor education provides a unique platform for experiential learning that traditional classrooms cannot replicate. This perspective is insightful as it suggests that physical exertion in natural settings enhances not only muscular strength but also cognitive adaptability. Furthermore, recent studies by Pretty et al. (2005) on “green exercise” demonstrate that physical activity in the presence of nature significantly reduces blood pressure and improves self-esteem compared to indoor exercise. From a pedagogical perspective, the integration of ecotourism elements—such as navigation and environmental preservation—aligns with the principles of holistic education. Bunting (2006) emphasizes that the “adventure” aspect of outdoor PE fosters resilience and teamwork, essential traits for 21st-century learners.
Methodology This study utilizes a qualitative synthesis of existing pedagogical models and a comparative analysis of traditional PE versus eco-integrated PE. The research explores the practical application of “Fijital” and “Green Fitness” concepts within a secondary education framework. Special focus is placed on the “Leave No Trace” ethical framework and its implementation during school-based trekking and orienteering sessions.
Discussion The nature of physical education is evolving from purely athletic training to a more comprehensive lifestyle discipline. Our analysis shows that integrating ecotourism elements does more than just burn calories; it builds a bridge between personal health and the health of the planet.
Conclusion Ecotourism and physical education are key building blocks for a sustainable future. When we move PE darslari (lessons) to natural settings, students develop a more profound connection with their environment. Our analysis shows that “Eco-Athletes”—those who train with an awareness of their surroundings—demonstrate higher levels of empathy and long-term health commitment. Modern education must embrace this shift to ensure that the next generation is not only physically fit but also environmentally conscious.
Reference: Bunting, C. J. (2006). The Outdoor Education Classroom. Human Kinetics. Higgins, P. (2002). Outdoor education as a method of teaching for environmental education. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education. Louv, R. (2005). Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Algonquin Books. Pretty, J., et al. (2005). The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. UNESCO. (2017). Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives.
