No world of countless realms could feel such cheer,
If once you tell my heart: “Do not cry.”
My name is Alisherova Hurmatoy. I was born on October 21, 2007, in Toshloq district of Fergana region, Republic of Uzbekistan. I graduated from Secondary School No. 4 in the same district with a GPA of 4.82. In 2024, I was recommended for admission to Fergana State University, majoring in Primary Education, on a state-funded (grant) basis.
In 2025, I became the holder of a 100% proficiency certificate in the Uzbek Language and Literature. Currently, I am both a student and a teacher, teaching native language and mathematics to students.
My life motto is: “Stopping for one day is equal to losing years.”
Speaking about my creative journey, I am a student of the poet Abdulla Boqiy Kenjaboyev, and I have been writing poetry since the age of 7–8. It has been ten years since I started writing poems. At present, I am working on publishing a book of my own authorship.
Behind every poem I write lie my mother’s prayers, my teachers’ trust, and a great deal of my own effort. A person does not become a poet by chance; it is said that poetic talent is a gift granted only to the chosen ones. I am truly happy to be among those chosen, and through this talent, I continuously strive to raise the name of Uzbekistan to even greater heights.
Achieving my dreams step by step is the result of my self-confidence, determination, and continuous hard work. I move toward every goal I set with a clear plan and strive to fulfill my responsibilities with a strong sense of accountability. The field of business deeply interests me. By improving my knowledge and experience in this area, I aim to become a successful, initiative-driven, and socially beneficial businesswoman in the future. For me, business is not only a source of income, but also a means of creating innovation and development.
Success is measured not only by the final result, but also by the knowledge, experience, and lessons gained along the journey toward it. I firmly believe that every honest and determined step taken toward a goal will surely lead to worthy results.
Mamadaliyeva O‘giloy is a first-year student of Group 25.38 in the Primary Education program at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology, and Art Studies of Fergana State University.
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR PRESERVING THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE
Abstract
This article presents a set of proposals addressing the factors that currently undermine the status of the Uzbek literary language in society and outlines measures to eliminate these threats through innovation. In the modern technological era, the aggressive “attack” of Internet language on the national language is pushing it toward the brink of decline. Such circumstances weaken the expressive power of the Uzbek language, which is a source of national pride. The literary language has its own established norms that are uniform for all speakers of the language [4, online resource]. Nevertheless, despite these standards, modern innovations have contributed to a linguistic crisis. At the same time, there are real opportunities to halt the negative consequences caused by technological development through innovative solutions. If the ideas and proposals advanced in this article are supported, the development of the language will reach a high level in society, making it possible to preserve its full potential.
Keywords: literary language, globalization, modern speech, Internet language, artificial intelligence, targeted methods.
Introduction
The literary language is the refined, standardized, and highest form of a national language. In contemporary Uzbekistan, state administration and official affairs are conducted in the Uzbek literary language. When the state language of Uzbekistan is mentioned, it primarily refers to the Uzbek literary language; therefore, it is protected at the state level. The literary language represents a processed and standardized form of a national language that serves the cultural needs of its speakers. The concept of “processing” is relative, as literary languages have historically changed across different periods and among different peoples.
Even within a single nation, the literary language has taken different forms over time (for example, the ancient Turkic literary language and the modern Uzbek literary language). In certain historical periods, the language of one people served as the literary language for another. For instance, Classical Arabic functioned as a literary language for Persian and Turkic peoples, Classical Chinese for the Japanese, and Latin for several European nations.
The literary language exists in two forms: oral and written. Any literary language is shaped on the basis of folk speech, generalizing dialectal features and becoming understandable to all speakers. A nation cannot possess a rich culture without a developed literary language. In this sense, the literary language remains one of the most pressing issues of society. Literary language is sometimes confused with its various forms, such as artistic language or spoken language; however, these cannot be considered identical.
Historical Development of the Uzbek Language
An examination of the stages of development of the Uzbek language—from ancient Turkic to modern Uzbek literary language—allows observation of linguistic evolution and identification of differences between these stages. Such differences generally arise from two main factors:
internal laws of linguistic development, including systemic and structural changes within the language itself;
contact between two or more languages (interstratal relations).
In the development of the Uzbek language, ancient Turkic functioned as the substratum language, while Arabic, Persian, and Tajik served as superstratum languages. Interaction between substratum and superstratum languages typically occurs under conditions of bilingualism or multilingualism. These interactions have resulted in processes known as language substratification, such as Turkic–Arabic, Turkic–Persian, Uzbek–Arabic, Uzbek–Tajik, and Uzbek–Russian bilingual contexts. Along with internal development laws, these factors have caused significant structural changes in the language from ancient Turkic to modern Uzbek literary language [1, pp. 9–10].
A review of Uzbek linguistic history demonstrates that the language has undergone complex stages of formation and development. Historically, Uzbek has interacted with several non-related languages belonging to different language families due to socio-political circumstances. The degree and quality of influence varied across these languages. Some had a strong impact on the lexical composition of Uzbek, while others had minimal influence [3, p. 22].
Impact of Technology and Globalization
In the 21st century, the rapid development of information technologies and social media has had a direct influence on language use. Among young people in particular, written communication increasingly involves abbreviations, emojis, English words, and slang expressions. This raises a critical question regarding the purity, clarity, and expressive capacity of the Uzbek literary language.
Today, Uzbek is spoken by nearly 45 million people worldwide, significantly exceeding the minimum threshold of one million speakers required for language survival. The distribution of Uzbek speakers by country is presented below:
No.
Country
Number of Speakers
Notes
1
Uzbekistan
32–34 million
Official language
2
Afghanistan
3–4 million
Northern regions
3
Tajikistan
1–1.5 million
Border regions
4
Kazakhstan
800,000–1 million
Southern diaspora
5
Russia
500,000–1 million
Labor migration
6
Kyrgyzstan
900,000–1 million
Osh and Jalal-Abad regions
7
Turkmenistan
300,000–400,000
Border areas
8
United States
30,000–50,000
Migrants and students
9
Turkey
20,000–30,000
Education and employment
10
Germany, South Korea
10,000–20,000
Labor migration
Modern Uzbek reflects each era through change. Vocabulary richness is a key indicator of linguistic power and expressive capacity. However, in recent years, a decline in vocabulary richness has become a serious issue. This decline is not only related to linguistic evolution but also to weakened cultural awareness and reduced engagement with the mother tongue.
Causes of Vocabulary Decline
Several factors contribute to the reduction of vocabulary richness in modern Uzbek:
Globalization and foreign language influence:
The increasing use of English loanwords has reduced lexical diversity.
The continued influence of Russian has also led to the replacement of native Uzbek words with borrowed terms.
Social media abbreviations:
Platforms such as Telegram, Instagram, and Twitter popularize abbreviations, emojis, and simplified expressions, distancing users from classical literary norms.
Technological simplification:
Software, mobile applications, and online platforms often rely on shortened and simplified language instead of full and accurate expressions.
Educational shortcomings:
Some educators experience difficulties in mastering literary Uzbek, which hinders effective language instruction.
Certain textbooks contain simplified or incorrect language rather than contemporary literary norms.
Abbreviated forms (e.g., shortened spellings), excessive use of foreign terms (like, story, post, comments, ok), and replacement of words with emojis weaken linguistic culture. These tendencies are clearly observable in everyday communication on platforms such as Telegram, Instagram, and TikTok.
Proposed Solutions
Despite these challenges, the problem is solvable. The following solutions are proposed:
Improving teacher qualifications through specialized training and professional development
Creating updated textbooks with accurate, rich, and standardized language
Developing digital resources in Uzbek
Designing AI-based applications to enhance vocabulary acquisition
Creating interactive games and tests to promote correct word usage
Supporting Uzbek language promotion on social media
Encouraging bloggers and influencers to use rich literary language
Developing AI-based spelling and grammar assistants that suggest full forms instead of abbreviations
For example, an application could be created under the slogan “Write fast, but write correctly!”, where users receive scores based on adherence to literary norms. Rewards such as internet data packages or prize competitions could motivate young users and help prevent degradation of literary standards.
Conclusion
Although Internet language offers convenience and speed, preserving the purity of the literary language is essential. Every language evolves, but such development should not undermine its roots. Preserving the literary language means safeguarding national identity and cultural thought. By effectively combining artificial intelligence with conscious language use, it is possible to protect and develop linguistic culture. However, meaningful results can only be achieved when technological innovation is aligned with individual responsibility toward language.
References
Sayfullayeva, R.R., Mengiyev, B.R., Boqiyeva, G.H. Modern Uzbek Literary Language. Tashkent: Fan va Texnologiya, 2009.
Madvaliyev, A. The Relationship Between Language Development and Thought. Language and Thought, 1998.
Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Statistics on the distribution and number of Uzbek speakers.
Rahmatullayev, G. History of the Uzbek Literary Language. 1994.
Jamolov, H. Modern Uzbek Literary Language. Tashkent: Talqin, 2005.
Shoabdurahmonov, Sh. Theory of Literary Language. Tashkent, 2004.
UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger.
Saidov, Y. History of the Uzbek Literary Language. Bukhara: Durdona Publishing House, 2019.
Xayrullayeva Zahro was born on April 13, 2006, in Kitob District, Kashkadarya Region. She is currently a student at Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages. At the institute, she is a young student who has earned respect through her talent and active participation. She is the author of numerous scientific articles and a collection of poetry. Her creative works have been published in international journals as well as in prestigious national publishing houses.
My father is the most precious person in my life, a man whose value is as high as the sky itself. He is such a father that if I asked him for a single star from the sky, he would prepare the moon for me instead. Until this very age, he has always been my support — encouraging my education in every possible way, working tirelessly day and night for my sake. He has always told me, “My daughter, I have great hopes for you,” and has stood by my side, shoulder to shoulder, in every step I take. My father is my greatest pillar of strength, and when I try to describe him, tears come to my eyes.
Mashrabxoʻjayeva Feruzaxon was born on March 7, 2005, in Chimyon village, Fergana District, Fergana Region. She is currently a second-year student at Fergana State University.
Uzbek State World Language University, Faculty of English Philology, 2nd-year student
Annotation:
This article examines the effects of excessive phone use on human mental health. It analyzes the psychological, behavioral, and physical consequences of overuse, including increased anxiety, depressive symptoms, decreased attention, and sleep disturbances. The purpose of the study is to highlight the negative impact of prolonged screen time and emphasize the need to develop healthy digital habits.
Keywords: overall well-being, overusing gadgets, stress, negative effects, human mental health, healthy lifestyle, screen time, depression, isolation, relationship issues.
Introduction:
The advent of smartphones and social media has brought significant changes to modern society, with profound implications for mental health. Smartphones have transformed the ways people communicate, learn, and entertain themselves; however, their constant presence can lead to compulsive use and psychological dependency. Continuous streams of notifications and updates often create a sense of urgency and fear of missing out (FOMO), increasing anxiety and stress levels. Moreover, excessive smartphone use can interfere with sleep quality, an essential component of mental well-being.
Similarly, social media platforms, while offering opportunities for connection and self-expression, can contribute to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Frequent comparisons with others and the desire for validation through likes and comments may distort an individual’s self-perception, ultimately leading to decreased self-worth and emotional instability.
Main Body:
Mobile phones and their impact on the mental health of children and young people have increasingly become a subject of concern and academic inquiry. While mobile phones provide numerous advantages—including access to information, communication, and learning tools—they may also pose several risks to psychological well-being. The extent of these effects can vary based on individual factors such as age, frequency of use, and the type of digital content consumed.
Increased Anxiety Levels:
Excessive smartphone use can lead to heightened anxiety, often referred to as “digital detox anxiety,” which occurs when individuals are separated from their phones for extended periods. This anxiety may manifest through physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling, and heart palpitations. Additionally, delayed responses to messages or missed social media notifications can trigger similar stress.
Social media further exacerbates this issue by encouraging constant comparisons with seemingly perfect lives online. Such comparisons foster feelings of inadequacy and insecurity, increasing stress and anxiety. Individuals addicted to smartphones may spend more time scrolling through social media than engaging in face-to-face interactions, leading to social isolation.
Difficulty Sleeping:
Exposure to blue light emitted by smartphone screens, particularly within two hours of bedtime, can disrupt melatonin production, the hormone responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle. This can result in difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, poor sleep quality, daytime fatigue, and worsened mental health outcomes. Keeping a smartphone nearby during sleep increases the likelihood of being woken by notifications and elevates pre-sleep stress levels, further impairing sleep quality.
Isolation from Social Interactions:
Smartphone addiction can reduce real-world social engagement with family, friends, and peers. Constantly checking for updates or notifications limits meaningful face-to-face interactions, potentially leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Depression:
Frequent comparisons with idealized social media content can contribute to feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy, which may develop into depression. Prolonged exposure to social media has been linked to higher rates of depressive symptoms, particularly among individuals prone to negative thinking. Withdrawal from smartphone use may also trigger depressive feelings, including loneliness, irritability, fatigue, and frustration, creating a vicious cycle that reinforces mental health challenges.
Decreased Academic or Work Performance:
Overuse of smartphones can negatively affect performance in work or academic settings. Constant checking of notifications or browsing social media detracts from time that should be devoted to tasks, resulting in lower productivity, decreased academic achievement, and increased stress.
Relationship Issues:
Smartphone addiction can strain personal relationships. Frequent phone use in the presence of others may cause feelings of neglect, tension, and conflict. Spending more time online than engaging in meaningful conversations with family or partners can reduce intimacy and weaken emotional bonds.
Conclusion:
Smartphone addiction can significantly impact both personal relationships and work or academic performance. Excessive use often leads to social isolation, reduced face-to-face interactions, and strained relationships with family, friends, or partners. In professional or academic contexts, constant checking of notifications and social media can distract individuals from important tasks, decreasing productivity and increasing stress.
By recognizing the signs of smartphone addiction—such as compulsive checking, anxiety when separated from the device, or neglecting real-world responsibilities—individuals and mental health providers can take proactive steps to manage usage effectively. Interventions may include setting screen-time limits, scheduling digital detox periods, and promoting alternative offline activities that encourage social engagement, physical activity, and relaxation.
With consistent effort and dedication, it is possible to reduce the negative effects of smartphone addiction, fostering a healthier balance between technology use and real-world responsibilities. Cultivating self-awareness and practicing mindful technology use can significantly improve mental well-being, interpersonal relationships, and overall quality of life.
Yang, Z., Huang, J., Li, Z., … The effect of smartphone addiction on the relationship between psychological stress reaction and bedtime procrastination in young adults during the COVID‑19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 813 (2023).
Park, J.‑Y., va Yoo, H. Smartphone addiction and its psychopathological consequences: behavioural, social and physical effects. (Kemas 19 (2), 2023
Alzhrani, A., Elsheikh, B., va boshqalar, Effect of Excessive Smartphone Usage on Sleep Quality and Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Students. IAPS Journal of Practice in Mental Health (2024)
From slander’s stones, abruptly crushed and bruised,
In silent nights it wept, unseen, alone.
The heart still yearns to rise and live once more,
It cries aloud: O Lord Almighty, hear!
Though innocent, I stand condemned, O God,
From You alone I beg for refuge now.
If nothing’s left of me but brittle bones,
Let that remain — I ask for nothing more.
The heart still longs, still aches to be reborn.
Orinboyeva Madinabonu is a first-year student of Group 25.23, majoring in Pedagogy, at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology, and Art Studies of Fergana State University. She is a holder of a National Certificate and the author of numerous articles.
The life and work of Alexander Feinberg and the world’s recognition of him
Ubaydullayeva Saodat
First-year student, Faculty of English Philology,
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Annotation
An article about the life and work, achievements, and poems of A.Feinberg .People’s poet of Uzbekistan and Russian-language writer of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
A. Feinberg [1939-2009] was a great poet, writer, and master of literary translation who lived and worked in Uzbekistan. He was also recognized as “poet of the era,” meaning “poet of the epoch.” After graduating from Tashkent University, he studied in the correspondence department of the Faculty of Journalism of the Faculty of Philology and worked at a student newspaper. The name of A. Faynberg is still a symbol of interethnic literary friendship and cultural closeness.
Main parts
The famous Uzbek poet Alexander Arkadyevich Feinberg was born on November 2, 1939, in the city of Tashkent. His father, Arkady Lvovich Feinberg, was from Gatchina. Graduated from the Institute of Higher Education and Technology. His mother, Anastasia Alexandrovna, was born in Moscow. His parents worked as chief engineers and machinists at an alcohol plant. After school, Feinberg studied at the Tashkent Topography Technical School, then served in the military in Tajikistan. He wrote poetry in Russian and could read and understand both Uzbek and Navoi’s language – Chagatai.
Literary translation constitutes an important part of Feinberg’s work. He paid great attention and strived to convey the spirit of Uzbek poetry to Russian readers. In addition, he translated Navoi’s ghazals, poems and epics of Erkin Vahidov, Abdulla Aripov, Omon Matjon, Rauf Parfi, and others, excerpts from Fitrat’s works, and Abdulla Kahhar’s prose works into Russian. Erkin Vakhidov and Abdulla Aripov called him “one of the most refined translators in the Russian language.”Faynberg headed the seminar of young writers of Uzbekistan in Tashkent and worked as a consultant at the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan. His poems were published in the magazines “Smena,””Yoshlik,””Yangi dunyo,””Yangi Volga, “as well as in periodicals of a number of foreign countries: Canada, the USA, Israel.
He is the author of fifteen poetry collections (published in Tashkent, Moscow, and St. Petersburg), including “Etude,” “Seconds,” “Poems,” “Distant Bridges,” “Short Wave,” and “Free Sonnets, “including a two-volume posthumously published work. His poems embodied a unique artistic world. He is considered a great personality who fully preserved his human essence in his time and was always ready to show mercy and support to others, not being indifferent to unpleasant events occurring in society.
His words are a vivid example of this:”Я видел мир глазами вечной дали”.”That is, “I saw the world through the eyes of eternity.” His work has captivated people’s hearts with its depth, philosophy, and charm.
Дождь ошалел. И не наступит утро
Мрат фары по дороге сталбовой
Ну хоть одна остановись попутка!
Из ночи забери меня с собой
It should be especially noted that films and animation projects were created using his poems and scripts. Based on A. A. Feinberg’s screenplay, films such as “My Brother,” “Under the Scorching Sun,” “Hardened in Kandahar,” “The Criminal and the Lawyers, “and others were filmed at the “Uzbekfilm” studio. Based on his screenplay, 4 feature films and about 20 cartoons were created. In 1999, in connection with the 20th anniversary of the death of the football team “Pakhtakor” in a car accident, the film “Stadium in the Sky” was shot based on Feinberg’s screenplay.
In 1999, he was awarded the title “Honored Cultural Worker of Uzbekistan,” and in 2004, Alexander Faynberg was awarded the honorary title “People’s Poet of Uzbekistan” for his contribution to the development of literature. Four years later, for his contribution to strengthening Russian culture and Uzbek-Russian literary ties, he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation – the “Pushkin Medal.”
In order to perpetuate the poet’s memory, a monument to Faynberg was erected on the Alley of Writers. On the dates associated with his life, poetry evenings and events are held and widely celebrated annually. Also, G.V. Malikhina’s master’s dissertation “The Structure of Artistic Images and Thematic Dominants in A.A. Feinberg’s Lyrics” is devoted to the study of Feinberg’s work. In addition, a scholarship named after the talented translator and screenwriter A. Feinberg has been established.
Alexander Feinberg died on October 14, 2009. According to the information, he was buried in the Botkin Cemetery, and a monument was erected in his mausoleum. His name is forever etched not only on the pages of history, but also on the streets of Tashkent, in the centers of literature, in the hearts of our people with his free spirit, pure heart, and profound thoughts.
Conclusion
Indeed, A.A. Feinberg was considered a creator who was able to look at his time and era with an open eye, looked at the truth directly, and praised it in his works. To this day, it lives forever in the hearts not only of the Uzbek people, but also of the Russian people.
