THE BASIC RULES OF DIPLOMATIC ETIQUETTE
                                                                                                 Teacher, Andijan State Institute of Foreign Language 
Biloldin Mahmudov
Student, Andijan State Institute of Foreign Language 

Abstract: Diplomacy is the art of conducting communication and negotiations between nations or groups of individuals with different interests, cultural backgrounds, and objectives. Diplomatic etiquette refers to the established norms of behavior and protocol that govern the interactions between diplomats and officials from different countries. The rules of diplomatic etiquette help to prevent misunderstandings and foster goodwill among nations. In this article, we shall discuss basic rules of diplomatic etiquette which are essential to follow.

Key words: Diplomat, Protocol, Language and cultural sensitivity, Confidentiality and discretion, Respect for diplomatic immunity

1. Respect for the host country: Diplomats should always show respect for the host country's laws, customs, and traditions, and should never engage in behavior that could be construed as disrespectful. They should also be mindful of their personal appearance, dress appropriately, and adopt a courteous and respectful demeanor when interacting with local officials and citizens.

2. Protocol for official visits: When a diplomat visits another country, they should follow proper protocol with regards to their formal attire, the order of their arrival and departure, and their seating arrangement at official events. They should also adhere to the established protocol when addressing hosts and guests, and observe any cultural or religious protocols that apply in the host country.

3. Language and cultural sensitivity: Diplomats should demonstrate language and cultural sensitivity when communicating with officials and citizens of the host country. They should learn the language and customs of the host country to the extent possible, and make an effort to communicate in the local language when appropriate. They should also avoid any comments or actions that could be considered insensitive or offensive.

4. Confidentiality and discretion: Diplomats should maintain strict confidentiality and discretion about any sensitive information that they acquire in the course of their duties. They should also avoid any public display of their personal opinions or political affiliations that could be perceived as an endorsement by their home country.

5. Respect for diplomatic immunity: Diplomats enjoy diplomatic immunity, which grants them exemption from the laws of the host country. They should, however, conduct themselves impeccably in the host country and never abuse their immunity status. They should also respect the laws and regulations of the host country and avoid engaging in any illegal activities, as this could compromise their diplomatic status.

   The training of diplomats and the use of diplomatic language and protocol are specialist, but vital skills. Why? Because diplomats are representatives of their countries around the world and are the keys to successful negotiation of agreements and defusing political tensions at the highest levels. As Rosalie Rivett, author, teacher and Chief Executive of the Women in Diplomacy organization in London says, Protocol is the etiquette of diplomacy. It does so by following certain rules of behaviour. Protocol indicates an acceptable standard in diplomatic discourse, dialogue and negotiation.’

          Language and the way it is used in diplomatic documents is an essential part of protocol. As Rivett explains in the introduction, diplomacy is ‘a highly nuanced role played out in language – the diplomatic lexicon – which is carefully chosen and in a manner which enhances the standing of their countries among host nations’. Language, therefore, is crucial to diplomatic success and the word protocol itself is derived from ancient Greek protokollon meaning ‘first glue’. Diplomatic Protocol is a manual aimed at young diplomats in training and in simple language explains how protocol works. The 13 chapters, each with abullet point summary of key points at the end, examine the roles of diplomats in overseas missions. A considerable advantage of the book is that it contains many examples, some even as recent as 2017. For students of diplomatic language and culture the key chapters are those on Modern Diplomacy, Internet Diplomacy and Media Communications, and Crisis Management.   

The author makes the key point that the information age and the use of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) have increasingly robbed diplomats of a key asset in communicating information, that of time. Rivett explains: The world has become so small, thanks to instant communications and even faster forms of travel, that an event on one side of the world can spark an immediate reaction on the other, and all of it instantly recorded and shared online. There is no longer time to pause and ponder while a letter or telegram wends its way from an embassy to the home nation. 

Reaction has to be almost instantaneous, appropriate and at the very least designed not to exacerbate what might be an already volatile situation. It has to be diplomatic and governed by established protocol – the rules of diplomatic exchange and last but not least, it has to be media friendly.’ As Michael Cole, PR advisor and former BBC Royal Correspondent notes in the book, how a diplomat reacts to a crisis is key to how it will be reported and as a result how the diplomat, the mission and the country he/she represents will be perceived.

       The important thing is to take control of the crisis, talk to the relevant people, be available for interviews and answering questions, keeping it simple (avoid jargon), listen, apologise if you get things wrong (everyone makes mistakes), if you can’t answer, explain why (legal constraints, family, etc.) and above all, advises Cole, never say ‘No comment’. In an interesting and rather amusing illustration of how media can influence diplomatic etiquette, Rivett describes how the body language of the diplomatic handshake for the TV cameras can itself be a power play: ‘You may notice some people jockeying for position prior to a photograph being taken of them shaking hands; this is because they know that the person whose hand is closer to the camera and thus more visible will be perceived as dominant over the one whose hand is concealed. 

Rivett points out that diplomatic language is a formal and specific use of language. It is not the same as polite business language. Even in our modern world the very language of diplomacy is more formalised than general conversation or written exchanges. Even in protests or criticism of another state’s attitudes or actions, she explains that however harsh or critical the message, ‘it is traditionally understood that the ambassador is merely conveying the wishes, comments, even criticisms of his/her home state ... whatever language or tone is used, the aim is always to keep the channels of communication open.’

This is why it is important to maintain the protocol of third person singular or plural in Notes or Notes Verbales, as they are called in the UN, and use standard phrases, such as ‘has the honour to’, ‘avails himself/herself of the opportunity to’ and ‘expresses concern regarding’. 

Letters between Heads of State may be more personal, using ‘I’ and ‘we’, but will still be more formal in general style. The increasingly informal style of business correspondence is not the trend in diplomatic correspondence. ‘Dear Ambassador Smith or Dear Bill are not acceptable as diplomatic greetings, although you can get away with the equivalents in business correspondence where formality in some environments may be seen as a disadvantage.’

     There is greater convergence between business and diplomacy in the area of recognising and adapting to cultural sensitivities. In November 2010, British Prime Minister, David Cameron, turned up for an official visit to China wearing a red poppy to commemorate Remembrance Day which honours military personnel who died in World Wars I and II. The Chinese objected. For them the red poppy was a reminder of the opium wars of the late 19th century. The Chinese asked David Cameron to remove the poppy. Cameron’s advisers refused. Note to protocol officer, ‘Don’t send senior British politicians to China during Remembrance Week’.

On a visit to the G20 meeting in Hanzhou in China in 2016, President Obama had no red carpet laid out for him when he arrived whereas all other Heads of State did. Was this a snub by the Chinese or simply due to the fact that President Obama descended the steps of the presidential plane directly and didn’t wait for the red carpeted steps provided by the Chinese authorities? 

Rivett notes that etiquette sets the tone for all linguistic and cultural negotiations. What is said and done and what is unsaid are equally important, and the use of constructive ambiguity is an important linguistic and cultural skill in diplomatic communication. English, Rivett believes, is full of ambiguity, an average of six synonyms for every word. In Arabic, family terms are very important. English has only one word for ‘cousin’, but Arabic has eight words to denote first cousins and sixteen for second cousins, distinguishing who is being referred to and the degree of kinship.

      The last 20 years have seen major changes in how we communicate through the emergence of the Internet and social media. Does this mean that language and cultural protocol in the Diplomatic Service and international organisations like the UN are out of date? Part of the diplomat’s job, says Rivett, is to ‘evaluate and interpret information and advise the home nation on what is important and what is mere rumour and speculation’. The Internet and social media have dramatically increased the amount of information to be processed. In addition, cyberpolitik and cyber warfare has added a new dimension to political and diplomatic security and mediapolitik is the new reality.

In conclusion, diplomatic etiquette is an essential aspect of diplomatic conduct that helps to facilitate communication and cooperation between nations. Diplomats should be mindful of the established rules of etiquette and conduct themselves in a manner that respects the host country's culture, customs, and laws. By following the rules of diplomatic etiquette, diplomats can foster goodwill among nations and build tr ust and cooperation in the international community.

                                              
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Using public transport

Nowadays, it is becoming more and more common for people to use public transport in their daily life. Many people prefer to arrive at their destination with public transport like buses, trains, or others. However, what are the benefits of using these transports, and what are the drawbacks? In this essay, I will discuss some of the reasons why public transportation is becoming popular and try to draw some conclusions.

Let`s begin by looking at the advantages of using public transport. One of the positive sides of using them is that they are cheaper than private cars. What I mean by this is that it is more convenient for students or people who do not have money to buy their own car or use taxis. Secondly, using different kinds of public transport is more environmentally friendly. These days, you can see most people have their own vehicles, and these transports give unnecessary gases into the air. It is harmful for the earth and for our life. We should protect our planet. In addition, if we use public transport, there will be fewer traffic jams in the city. That means there will be fewer private cars or vehicles.

Another issue is that it can be unconvenient for people who need to change buses or trains to arrive at their destination. Turning to the other side of the argument, there are many people in them. Sometimes, passengers need to wait for a long time to go somewhere.  However, some public transport is very dirty, even seats, and you do not want to use them.

In conclusion, there are clearly both positives and negatives to public transportation. While using them, we can protect our nature, the Earth, because if there are not many cars, there will be less air pollution. Personally, I believe the benefits of using public transportation will eventually outweigh any negatives.

Writer: Odina Rustamjonova, student of Ishakhan Ibrat Creativity School.

I was lost in the box called life. 

In it,
(I)
I wanted learning
but my education was deafening
I wanted truth
but my reality faked its root
I wanted to buy the right counsel
but my mind controller got me its left sell
I wanted to be free
but my pursuit turned a tree
I wanted information
but my vision brought me deformation
I wanted wellness
but my state showed illness
I wanted a wife
but my life mirrored a knife
I wanted a companion
but my plight was in oblivion
I wanted the clarity of pleasure
but my naked eyes saw the dullness of pressure
I wanted to live forever
but my death was to question For-Ever
I wanted peace
but my perception reflected unease
(II)
I wanted to know more about people
but my understanding was a fumble
I wanted to be everyone’s friend
but my experience was the Pal’s end
I wanted to be rich
but my efforts didn’t catch a fish!
I wanted direction
but my limitation was the obstruction
3
I wanted to know the ‘why’ to everything happening
but my answer had to cry to all prevailing
I wanted to invest in good
but my previous return showed ‘fooled!’
I wanted to scream because of pains
but my calmness showed up because of gains
(III)
I wanted people to hear my voice
but my quest was a noise
I wanted money
but my struggle was funny
I wanted to know why the world is divided
but the response was: ‘it’s control is what is favourited’
I wanted to know what happens after death
but my physical life told me I was on earth
I wanted to tell people my experience
but my words failed me in their presence
I wanted to know if I knew what I know
my existence replied me with a ‘NO!’
I wanted to find myself through my works
but my inner-self whispered:
‘If you want to find yourself,
then think OUT OF THE BOX!

Chimezie Ihekuna (Mr. Ben)’s entire book is available here for order.

Homes, I Love You

I don’t really know how you see me,

What you think of me, If you even know me.

I just know I never stopped trying

And sometimes I was hiding; crying;

Trying to be a man like I should

Doing everything I could

And sometimes I went to far

Reaching to be a star

For you.

That’s what I do.

That’s all I know.

Always holding on not letting go.

I know I should have been better.

I know it sounds, and it is……bitter

That’s just who I am

Trying to be a better man.

I know I could be a jerk.

I know I was all about work.

As closed as fort knox.

Sometimes you had to get past road blocks

Just to get time from me

But believe me I’m sorry.

I know I used to drink

Sometimes I just didn’t want to think.

I don’t really know how you see me,

What you think of me, If you even know me.

I have always been a wound in duct tape

Hoping that the blood can’t escape.

Hiding my tears so you couldn’t see.

Not wanting you to think down on me.

‘Cause I’m not a hero.

I’m still hoping to grow.

I always tried to be the glue

But somehow I threw a shoe.

You might find me a disgrace

But my heart was always in the right place.

Just not always at the right time.

Believe me I find that a crime.

Damn I hope I did something right

Even when I was often out of sight.

It was never easy

Trying not to be me

And give you everything you would need.

This is making my heart bleed.

Homes, I love you more than you know

And that continues to grow.

Heaven’s Forked Child

When I see lightning

I count til the thunder

When the skies are fighting

Just before the world goes under

I scream, waiting on a wonder.

Knowing that will never come.

But for the moment I’m numb.

Angel fire cracks

Ripping the sky

Pitchfork leaving tracks

Freight train rolling by

I cry out, beckoning the sky.

Vengeance on a raging railway

Won’t the rain come out to play?

The Storm is Heaven’s child

The rain is Mother’s tears.

And when everything goes wild

And the lightning appears

The thunder cries of fears.

When it thinks it has me in my place

I just laugh in its face.

Down Town

He’s got the keys

Gonna take the town on a cruise.

Force them to their knees.

Show them there was no excuse

To be beaten and run out of town.

The moon bleeds for him

He won’t be taken down.

The wind howls, “Never again!”

The engine roars,

The wheels burn.

Lock all your doors.

Now it is his turn.

Take this town to Hell.

Ring the Liberty Bell.

And in a flash

The town was ash.

From south-western Michigan, Jerry Langdon lives in Germany since the early 90’s. He is an Artist and Poet. His works bathe in a darker side of emotion and fantasy. He has released five books of Poetry titled “Temperate Darkness an Behind the Twilight Veil”, “Death and other cold things” “Rollercoaster Heart” and “Frosted Dreams” Jerry is also the editor and publisher of the literary magazine Raven Cage Zine poetry and prose. His poetic inspirations are derived from poets such as Edgar Allen Poe, Robert Frost and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. As well as from various Rock Bands. His apparently twisted mind, twists and intertwines fantasy with reality.

Five Untitled Monostichs

january pioneer stephen tomorrow

—

transfiguration half-dollar

—

polk high a daylight coin sauce

—

paper snakes a panther painting

—

spinning plates for laundry money a scene of freezing

—

bio/graf

J. D. Nelson’s poems have appeared in many publications, worldwide, since 2002. He is the author of ten print chapbooks and e-books of poetry, including *Cinderella City* (The Red Ceilings Press, 2012). Nelson’s first full-length collection is *in ghostly onehead* (Post-Asemic Press, 2022). Visit his website, MadVerse.com, for more information and links to his published work. His haiku blog is at JDNelson.net. Nelson lives in Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Time is running out, cherish the seconds… Time is something that cannot be returned, it is such a priceless blessing that every second of our life is a seal of our happy days, our happy life, our hard days, our unlucky years and our sad moments. In fact, we do not appreciate the time, we spend it on unnecessary things, useless games, most of our people cannot imagine their life without the Internet. Have you ever thought? How did people live in the past, they didn’t have a phone or the internet, they were happy, they used their time effectively, scientists and great people came out in our past They were writing about time, now it’s about the phone, the Internet, but the thing that is killing us is the phone. The saddest thing is that this time will not return. Even the world’s riches and most precious things cannot bring him back. No human has been able to turn back time. You know what ? Time is more expensive than money. For example, marketing is a developing field, and famous

Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev

The Uzbek people have been writing works since ancient times. They are poets and writers from its soil to its leaves. One such writer is Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev. His works are distinguished by the richness of humor, the skillful description of children’s lives, their unique nature, characteristics, and spiritual experiences in an extremely vivid, interesting and childlike manner. It is no exaggeration to say that Khudoiberdi Tokhtaboyev is one of the authors who brought Uzbek children’s literature to the world level. He is a typical representative of children’s literature.

    “It is difficult to write for children, so it is not correct to say that there are few people who choose this direction. It is really difficult to write to children, to get in touch with their spirit, to say something similar to the child’s heart. It is really more difficult to write as if you are sitting down with a child in front of you and talking to him. Today, there are very few, almost non-existent works dedicated to children,” said Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev.

    Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev is a real talent. This means that his works are works of art, that is, whatever idea he wanted to realize in each of his works, this idea is fully realized in each of his works. He does not talk excessively, because this is contrary to the conditions of an artistic work, he never mixes events and persons alien to the idea of the work into his works – this is one of the main requirements of artistry. To appreciate the beauty of Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev’s works, you need to have a very sharp taste, but the person who has an eye for what is real beauty, real poetry, considers Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev to be an original artist, that is, a great talent. he knows as a writer.

      Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev has taken a place in our hearts with his educational works. From each of his works, a person gets useful and educational knowledge. He sees his mistakes through this character and tries not to repeat them. For example:

   “My sister may be upset. I love my sister, I love her very, very much, I will never hurt her, never make her cry.”

      This excerpt is from The Boy With Five Children. Through this passage, we can see Arifjon’s love for his mother. But unfortunately, not everyone has the same love for Arifjon’s mother. It is no exaggeration to say that Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev wanted to explain this to “Everyone”.

    We can witness such an example in the work “Jannanati Odanlar”.

   “We can’t build a bridge without cutting it. If we don’t build a bridge, people can’t cross the stream and fall into the water.”

– Great, huh? – said my grandfather.

-Excellent! – I said too.

– If it wasn’t for you, my son, I wouldn’t have finished anyway.

“That’s right, grandpa, you couldn’t finish anyway,” I said while riding the donkey…

      Then my grandfather became very ill and lay down until winter. My grandfather Ahmadqul brought honey and rubbed it on his feet, massaged it, my nanny boiled honey in milk and drank it every evening, and my aunt used to rub it on her body with strange drugs that I don’t like.

    In the excerpt from this work, we can see how Erkachol built a bridge with his grandson in the cold despite his old age to help people. And he fell into the water several times and got wet. Because of this, he becomes seriously ill. He thinks about people, not himself. It is no exaggeration to say that Khudoyberdi Tokhtabayev wanted our young people to grow up to be well-educated, kind, perfect people with the help of these works, and adults not to repeat their mistakes.

Nigora Tursunboyeva was born on February 23, 2009, in Namangan region. Currently, she is a 9th grade student of Ishakhan Ibrat creativity school. Along with writing poems and stories she can speak freely in 4 languages: English, Russian, German and Uzbek.