Life as a Virgule ‘n Caesura

for N. Karfakis, G. Kokkinidis, and C. Batmanghlich

after Philosopher and Poet by Giorgio de Chirico (Italy), 1916 C.E.



Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.
– S. Kierkegaard
(excerpt from Journals and Papers (1843))

He who has a why to live can bear almost any how.
– F. W. Nietzsche
(excerpt from Twilight of the Idols)


   I	The Virgule: Either/Or

Either an Adapa (Adam) to the all-knowing Ea (Elahi); Or a covenant-breaking Judas to one Christ (one the cross) / Either with a silver spoon in the mouth (devoid of dichotomies ‘n dilemmas); Or abandoned on a raft en route to a Pharoh’s spouse / Either the golden throne in a king’s/queen’s court at a palace; Or a joking jester hired to amuse the populace in the town centre / Either an epic with the protagonist being rescued from an eternal torment; Or a ghazal summersaulting in a poet’s throat / Either a blue-tale in hieroglyphs on the pyramids’ walls; Or a spirited-eye painted on the noses of the triremes / Either a newly-hatched chick reduced to fodder for ants on the forest’s floor; Or the twins suckled and raised by a she-wolf, Lupa / Either the cipher engraved on a clay ‘n stone ‘n emerald ‘n glass tablet; Or a bead of ink on the nib of a scribe’s quill pen. 

   II	The Caesura: – Hyphenated

   The sunyata took to an intermission – some portion of the debris took to the milky way ‘n sun ‘n earth ‘n moon.1

   A juvenile boy ‘n girl are all liberated, id est, devoid of hunger ‘n intimacy ‘n what ‘ve you – lo ‘n behold, a gleam from an apple dangling from a branch of a tree.

   Irtiqa is an aficionado of “slow ‘n steady wins the race” – hold thy horses, one man has devised a wheel ‘n A.I. ‘n more as the catalyst.2

   The schools of pink salmon ‘n rainbow trout follow the pulsations of the river – a hibernation-eloping brown grizzly bear steals a micro stock from the overflow.

   The horse ‘n cattle ‘n sheep are all sophists in the cherry blossom-‘n-beebalm-laden fields – the multithemed snowflakes in billions ‘n gazillions terraform the territory into a tabula rasa. 

   The folklorists have the camp ‘n bonfire all prepared for the twinkle-twinkle little night – an empiricist in a laboratory somewhere has the lenses of the microscope cleaned to debunk the age-old pompous oratory of (anthropomorphic) Devas ‘n Devis.

   One Vyasa’s convinced of conceiving a magnum opus in an ovulating thalamus – one Ganesha’s > keen on a game of hide ‘n seek.3




______________

1. Sunyata (Sanskrit): Emptiness/voidness/nothingness. In the classical Hindu(ism) teachings, ‘Sunyata’ is a school of thought that advocates a non-intrinsic nature of things/phenomena, i.e., things/phenomena are subject to the phenomenon of flux (change/transmutability).
2. Irtiqa (ارتقا) (Arabic): Evolution.
3. Vyasa and Ganesha – the epic of Mahabharata: According to a Hindu legend, Ganesha (Lord of Wisdom) only agreed to being a scribe to Vyasa on one condition: no breaks while dictating the said epic.


Stairways ‘n Catwalks

for Nikolas, George, E. Rahim, and L. Jacobs

after Homage to a poet (Omaggio a un poeta) by Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (aka Giorgione) (Italy), 1477–1510  C.E.



We have two lives, and the second begins when we realise we only have one.
– Confucius

The pen is mightier than the sword!
– An English Proverb


   I

‘Round the rear end of the red-bricked bungalow,
the (fire escape) stairway spirals like the Fibonacci sequence
– 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … – bearin’ thirteen odd stainless-steel steps.

[
‘N < thirteen odd thousand years or so ago,
our very own Dear Mother Earth took to walkin’ the catwalk
to step away from one long age of the ice age (aka Younger Dryas)
      – like a feisty protagonist of an epic poem –
‘n fashion for us, homo sapiens, a canopy to breathe ‘n breed under.

…

‘N we fashioned all manner of Stairways ‘n Catwalks
– one or two odd Zeuses ‘n Heracleses ‘n Helens ‘n Achilleses 
‘n Medusas ‘n Perseuses ‘n Rostams ‘n Sohrabs ‘n Ramas ‘n Ravanas.
											]

    II

‘N I walk the catwalk scrollin’ up the steep anti-slip steps
– which feels like strollin’ up an elongated perron
to one Buddha’s Temple in the Tibetan Himalayas –
to arrive before a wooden cedarwood door on the 2nd floor
– which makes you want to pronounce افتح يا سمسم –*
I push the copper handle down,
‘n the reverberations from my plantigrade + digitigrade footsteps
have already set the pull tab on the zipper off rattling
of my half-opened black mamba-black cowhide leather postman bag’s
– which projects a notion of a rattle on the tail of a rattlesnake’s–
‘n unlike the venom from one mamba’s or rattlesnake’s mouth,
the verbosity from one mighty fiery dragon’s mouth
– occasionally hibernating inside the belly of my زنبیل –**
is far more intoxicating and indelible than any kinds of poisons
from one or two solenoglyphous or proteroglyphous or opisthoglyphous fangs!

   III

‘N the past twelve odd thousand years or so
of the red blood cells + white blood cells duo
has rather rendered my intellectual-metabolism
immune to [its] persevering strikes ‘n bites—
‘n I grab hold of it by its ovulating throat
– with my pulsating thumb + forefinger + middle finger;
which feels like one Horace pronouncing “Carpe Diem” –
‘n make [its] شہ رگ take to walkin’ the catwalk-of-words***
to pay an homage to one Confucius
in the spiral of 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, … – thirty-four+ odd lines!



______________

* افتح يا سمسم (Iftah Ya SimSim): Open Sesame.
** زنبیل (Zambiil): Bag.
*** شہ رگ (Sheh Rag): Jugular vein.
Le Voyage

for Nashwa Y. Butt & Umme A. Ali

after Road Trip in the Woody by David Michael Hinnebusch (U.S.A.), 2017 C.E.



     The Green Belt

     He pulls the car over; too fast and too close to the green belt (wide dividing strip) in the middle of the dual carriage-boulevard. The car/rikshaw (tuk-tuk) drivers, motor/cyclists et alia become instantly occupied in their heads (the ones that sit on their shoulders) with making-a-meal out of the sudden break on his part. Time has come to go, pack your bags, hit the open road; our hearts just won’t die, it’s the trip, keeps us alive. … So many miles; so many miles, he turns the volume all the way down on “The Trip” by Still Corners to zero. 

     The Qalam

     He hysterically starts looking for a qalam (fountain) pen) inside all the immediately visible and accessible storage compartments – the glove box, cup holders, ashtray holder, door side pockets, storage trays on the dashboard, et cetera. But, there’s no sign of a stylo ((fountain) pen) or a pencil. Swearing follows, heedfully: “GOD DAMN IT – I curse this bastard habit of relying too much on the lead and ink and paper! I CURSE IT!” The heavy shower has stopped, but his mind has left the windshield wipers waving at him. The out-of-the-blue cloudy and rainy post meridiem forces him to reminisce about the drizzles and streets and walks and drives in Leicester, UK; the evocations render le voyage (the trip) into a grey day.

     Miniature Automata

     As a last resort, he takes to the micro keyboard on his Samsung smart phone (he’s a bit old school in that regard; not a great aficionado of the modern technologies and gadgets and IT): “… . And sometimes, the muse does transmute into a rather petit jealous/possessive toddler; she WANTS it all for herself – as an infant on breast-feeding WANTS both boobs for him/herself! … And as such an instant manifests, life – of an artist/poet – comes to an utter halt; and then, the power of co/m/motion-in-inertia takes control of every facet of life; and as such a moment transpires, … .” Midway through recording the aphorism (in the default proprietary Notes application), the phone battery dies on him. The phone charger (with a detachable USB cable) and/or the portable power bank is not to be found anywhere either—neither on the car floor, nor in his tan leather mini briefcase, or in the shalwar/kameez (trouser/shirt) pockets. “The day before, before taking this vahana (ride) to the TOYOTA Service Station, I’d removed all the petit accessories – just in case, the servers couldn’t resist the temptation of nicking my property (a commonplace here – stealing),” he’s solved the l'énigme (the riddle). Swearing follows, mindfully: “GOD DAMN IT – these good for nothin’ miniature automata! I CURSE ‘EM!”

     Oyster & Pearl

     He hits a petit lever ‘round the right side of the wheel console and a petit blinking amber light (in the front and the back) instantly puts him back on the road; and he rushes – oh, he KNOWS how to RUSH – as if a rabbit desperate to get to his ovulating mate. All the while, he works hard to retain the musings in his head (the one that sits on his shoulders) – as an oyster keeps a pearl safe in its belly – until he reaches the 7/11 (a local equivalent of TESCO Express) at TOTAL Parco – he urgently borrows a cheap notepad and a cheap ballpoint pen from the server at the checkout counter, and resumes securing the dictation from la muse: “…, the matter/s-of-rumination/s transcends one’s intellectual/cognitive realm; one’s ‘free will’ even cannot come-forth as a redeemer; one’s only left with the choice of bearing witness to the tapestry of an orgy of alphabet/s and memories unfolding before one’s very sentient being!”



Biography
(Wordcount: 149)


Saad Ali (b. 1980 C.E. in Okara, Pakistan) has been brought up and educated in the United Kingdom and Pakistan. He is a poet-philosopher and literary translator. His new collection of poems is titled Owl Of Pines: Sunyata (AuthorHouse, 2021). He has translated selected ekphrases by Lorette C. Luzajic into Urdu – compiled into a chapbook, Lorette C. Luzajic: Selected Ekphrases: Translated into Urdu (2023). He is a regular contributor to The Ekphrastic Review. His work has been nominated for the Best of the Net Anthology. His poems (after Amin Rehman) have been showcased at an Art Exhibition, Bleeding Borders, curated at the Art Gallery of Grande Prairie in Alberta, Canada. Some of his influences include: Vyasa, Homer, Ovid, Attar, Rumi, Nietzsche, Freud, Jung, and Tagore. He enjoys learning different languages, travelling by train, and exploring cities/towns on foot. To learn further about his work, please visit saadalipoetry.com, or  www.facebook.com/owlofpines.

The Haven

“If you must gain entry for yourself and your family, then we must learn news from the Terror. Our historian requires it”

Stepan pushed his cap back on his head and wiped his brow. He had spoken those words a dozen times a day, now, for so many years he wished to forget them.

The man standing at his table stammered, and then courageously –
“I would wish to forget it, too. Must we speak of it?”
Stepan – “We must always speak. We must always write. We must always record. All begins with the word according to most clerics, as they interpret most Holy works of the word.
A difficult truth, as they say in every Village –”

“Yes, yes,” the man said, wringing his hands. “A difficult truth is more beautiful than the easiest lie. I know. Well . . . they are now barricading my own Village. There is a siege upon it which my family escaped, I admit because of connections with members of the
councils that make decisions, regarding which people are allowed to go, or which are required to stay. As you can see, one of my sons is only 13, but he is thin, and we were able to avoid his recruitment into the army, and my other son is only 8. My wife works with the bards in our village, and the artisans. She runs one of the shrines to the
imagination, not one dedicated to the holy . . . I worked on behalf of the legal councils, so I was able to contact some friends, and seek permission to escape the Terror. I know it’s cowardly, but –”

Stepan cut him off, in a moment.
“It was brave. You risked humiliation for your loved ones and did so in order to avoid behaving wrongly. There is no wrong here on any level.”

The man was flummoxed. He paused, then asked,
“Does your Village employ Clerics at their ports?”
“No. We are all Clerics here. We all share in the clerical work.”

Stepan straightened his hat, as if to say, he meant labor. He said,
“Go on. Tell me more about what you think you know about the Terror. Facts please.”
“We have learned from our own historians and bards that members of other tribes from other Villages have made raids and killed children. This is why I used my friends to help us leave. Our Village was doing well, as well as one could. There was a short time
when we were not at war with any of the others, and our leaders were sending emissaries to negotiate for a sharing of the new resources that had been discovered.

But when we learned that members of other raiding parties were no longer leaving women and children alone, we made the decision to flee.”
Stepan waited. He put some tobacco into his pipe, a long handled pipe from the horn of a local grazing animal that his cousin had carved out for him. He thought about asking the question delicately, or directly, then asked, without worry: “Do you think that members of other tribes were doing this without members of your own tribe doing this?”

The man gave the answer Stepan was seeking.
“No. I believe that whatever one side in the Terror is doing, all of the sides are doing.”
“The historians should call it the Horror. The horror is in the deed done. The terror is the anticipation of it.”
Stepan paused, then nodded. This particular news of the Terror was sufficient, in Stepan’s judgment, to allow the man to pass the first test laid out for admission to his Village . . .

It had been a dark decade on the continent.  Seven different villages, all separated by forested land, had been at war with one another over claims to the region, changing alliances, re-forming old alliances, without any one of them able to gain an edge or advantage over another.  The terror – this was the name historians in at least three of the different villages had given to it – the terror had begun when certain resources, with certain properties, had been discovered, not so deeply in the earth as to go undetected. 

The various metals and other natural elements to and from the earth included some metals, and some mysterious plant-like samples.  The metals were far superior to what citizens of the many villages had worked with and used for shelter and tools.  The elders, councils, executives, or other kinds of law-giving or law enforcing bodies,
depending on the particular village, were all concerned that one or another of the other villages would monopolize the new discoveries.

A historian in one particular village noted the irony of the Terror and its origins, in his ongoing records and logs: the plant- like substances induced an almost euphoric, nearly hallucinatory creative drive and love for peace and humanity, when ingested either into the lungs, or the digestive tracts. 

In stark contrast, the metals were coveted simply because they were so superior to the kinds of materials used by the engineers and military units of different villages, that the metals then in place would not hold up in defense of any army utilizing the new resource. 

At the outset, assorted members of the educational, artistic, or priestly classes of different villages petitioned their governments for expeditions in search of the almost-magic plant that had been found.  Artisans, painters, inventors, clerics, all sought for the new plant, in the hopes of uncovering some new metaphysical secret to the
universe around them.  Almost simultaneously, however, leaders of guards, sentries, armies – the knights and soldiers and their generals – petitioned these same governments for finances and backing, to embark on expeditions in search of the new metals.

 The Terror had begun, but no one was quite certain how it had begun.  It depended on which Village Historian one consulted.  The historian for the tribe of one village attributed it to another, and that tribe’s village historian blamed yet a third village for beginning the Terror.  Different accounts bore some similarities, and the generally
accepted explanation was, simply, that the armed explorers and pioneers from one village, deep in the forest in search of the superior metal, had happened across a search party of clerics seeking the plant, now labelled “divine” by most seekers.  The armed party of soldiers and knights mistook the clerics and artists for another armed
party from another village, and no one was spared. 
 
Killing another Village’s cleric was a capital offense.  It invariably led to extradition of the offender, without protest or further challenge and, even in past times of war, this code was generally accepted.  But killing another village’s artist, or poet, or bard – whose
jobs included enlightenment, and whose unique skills included a recognition of the shortness of life – this was unimaginable, a horror of the first rank.
 
And so began the Terror.
And this meant – as already noted – for at least one perceptive historian of at least one village – a most greatly ironic moment in the history of the different tribes and their villages.  Indeed, it meant the most ironic turn of history ever . . .
 
For what could be more ironic than to immerse thousands of citizens, from hundreds of families, from seven different tribes, seven different villages, into a long, protracted, and bloody conflagration, all over the bodies of a few men who would have been among the first to preach against such a result, who would have been the first to admit their own mortality, their own recognition of the shortness of their own lives?
 
But one Village had escaped the conflict, separated from it all by leagues of ocean waters, and while the other villages raged on one against another, that one against a third, this Village simply grew, and grew – its population doubling, then tripling, with the scores of refugees who made their ways across the choppy seas by any means necessary, losing hundreds of loved ones and family members in the terrible, sea-borne trek.

And the historian that had noted the irony, so perceptively?
Well, of course, it was the Historian from Stepan’s Village. That Historian learned more about the Terror than any of the other Historians from any of the other Villages combined. Because he accepted all of the participants, and their speeches about it,
through agents like Stepan, he could hear all sides. This was Village policy.
 
Stepan was a customs agent for this isolated island village.  In the past, before the Terror, he manned the port and he received goods. But goods stopped coming. The Terror began. Then good came, fleeing as it were what it was not. And it became Stepan’s job to receive, to document, and to welcome, the many refugees who sought a new life of peace, each of them seeking a new beginning at his assigned port. He asked the man some more questions, now that the man, and his family, had passed the first qualification for entry.

But the refugee first asked Stepan so many questions that he could not do his job.
“Why does your Village not take part in the Terror?” he asked first.
“It is across the seas. That is a long and difficult way to go just to die.”
“Why do you not send emissaries and explorers in search of the metals and the new divine plant?” the man asked.
“We have our own metals, and we do not need the new one.  We have the ocean for defense, and it would swallow up any ship made of any metal heavy enough to crush our own.

And we have our own plants, our own elixirs, our own . . . sources of inspiration . . .”
“But what about your inspiration, what do your holy men and bards rely upon?”
“The word.”
“And your elders choose not to engulf you in the Terror.  They must be wise.”
“As I said, it is a long way to go just to die.”
“Tell me then about the word.” 

“We all have these words, we all have language.” 
“What makes your understanding of it so unique?”
“Your words.  This is why I am here.  This is what I do.  Here are your papers.  These will admit you. You are to write down every word you know, and every word that you bring . . .”

The refugee was puzzled, but crying. Tears of joy. 
“Our language is hungry.  It is like your armies, or your expeditions, and the parties that go from your Village hungering for more.  Our words need more.  More words.  You are to write down every word in your language, that you know.  Henceforth, it becomes part
of our own . . .”

Human Brain

Human brain is like
Bermuda Triangle.
As it is mystery,
Still it is a solution.

Sabrid Jahan Mahin is a student of grade ten in Harimohan Government High School, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh.

WAYS OF PROMOTING UZBEKISTAN’S FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN WORLD MARKETS

Maftuna Imamova A’zamjon qizi

UWED, IEM faculty, 1st year student

maftunaimomova07@gmail.com

+998977546445

        Abstract: This article is based on elucidating the measures aimed at the further development of Uzbekistan’s foreign economic activity and its leading positions in world markets. Today, carrying out innovative foreign economic activity is one of the main criteria for every country. Nowadays, it is no exaggeration to say that the place of Uzbekistan in the world markets is incomparable. In order to further develop it, it is necessary to pay attention to certain factors.

         Key words: Foreign economic activity, world market, foreign trade policy, free trade, protectionism, export, import, diversification, international trade.

       Foreign economic activity consists in being able to conduct economic relations in world markets and thereby develop the economy of one’s country. The basis of foreign economic activity is the right foreign trade policy.

      Foreign trade policy is a form of macroeconomic policy, which is a set of measures to regulate the volume of foreign trade of the state through trade restrictions. Foreign trade policy can be divided into free trade and protectionism according to the state’s level of intervention in foreign trade. The free trade relationship, as its name implies, reflects trade that develops freely, that is, on the basis of supply and demand, with minimal government intervention.

      Protectionism is a state policy aimed at protecting the domestic market from foreign competitors through the use of tariffs and notary measures. There are more than 50 types of foreign trade restriction methods. Some of them are aimed at filling the state treasury, some are aimed at limiting imports in general, and still others are aimed at limiting or encouraging exports. In practice, tariff and notary methods of foreign trade regulation are used. Tariff methods include the introduction of import and export duties, notarial methods include giving subsidies to exporters and producers, quotas, licensing and other types.[1]

     Protectionism – restrictive measures in foreign trade, have a short-term effect. In the long run, only a free trade economy will allow efficient use of resources.     Free trade can be beneficial from the point of view of the global economy, but from the point of view of the interests of individual countries, free trade is not always beneficial.

     In order for Uzbekistan to occupy one of the top positions in the world markets, it must produce the quality of the goods and services it produces in accordance with world standards, saturate the domestic market with all goods as much as possible, and only then export them, import goods and it can try to create services in itself and thereby increase exports compared to imports, and as a result, it is possible to increase the balance of the trade balance. Through this, it is possible to establish strong economic relations with many countries of the world.

      International trade in world markets is very important for every country, especially for Uzbekistan. Because it is the basis of the global economy, and having international trade partners in the world market helps the country’s economy to develop further. The importance of international trade is very important for every country because the development of this country is closely related to its status in the international arena. If we analyze this situation in the example of Uzbekistan in Table 1 below, the volume of foreign trade turnover of Uzbekistan in 2021 increased by 7 times compared to 2000. The volume of exports increased 5 times over 21 years, while the volume of imports increased 8.6 times during this period. The increase in the volume of imports was not due to the decrease in the volume of exports, but due to the increase in the entry of equipment, equipment, and technology to expand production. This situation can be considered a positive situation for economic development.

     It can be seen that the geography of foreign trade has diversified over the years, the share of the CIS countries and the countries of the European Union and South-East Asia in the composition of exports and imports has also increased. Foreign trade with the CIS countries increased by almost 7 times, while with other countries it increased by 6.7 times.

Foreign trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan[2]
Indicators	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2021
million US dollars: Foreign trade turnover	6 212,1	9 500,1	22 199,2	24 924,2	36 256,1	42 170,5
export	3 264,7	5 408,8	13 023,4	12 507,6	15 102,3	16 662,8
import	2 947,4	4 091,3	9 175,8	12 416,6	21 153,8	25 507,7
trade balance	317,3	1 037,0	3 847,6	91,0	-6 051,5	-8 844,9
including: with the CIS countries	2 297,8	3 403,4	9 369,2	9 548,9	11 826,4	15 920,4
export	1 172,2	1 722,6	5 647,7	5 230,3	4 106,4	5 433,8
import	1 125,6	1 680,8	3 721,5	4 318,6	7 720,0	10 486,6
trade balance	46,6	41,8	1 926,2	911,7	-3 613,6	-5 052,8
With other countries	3 914,3	6 096,7	12 830,0	15 375,3	24 429,6	26 250,1
export	2 092,5	3 686,2	7 375,7	7 277,3	10 995,8	11 229,0
import	1 821,8	2 410,5	4 545,3	8 098,0	13 433,8	15 021,1
trade balance	270,7	1 275,7	1 921,4	-820,7	-2 437,9	-3 792,1
Compared to last year, in %: Foreign trade turnover	97,9	109,6	104,7	90,5	86,8	116,3
export	100,9	111,5	110,6	92,3	86,5	110,3
import	94,8	107,2	97,2	88,8	87,1	120,6
including: with the CIS countries	128,2	113,3	117,0	79,0	81,8	134,6
export	119,3	112,7	144,0	77,2	65,9	132,3
import	139,0	114,0	91,0	81,2	93,8	135,8
With other countries	86,0	107,6	97,2	99,6	89,5	107,5
export	92,9	110,9	94,0	107,4	98,0	102,1
import	79,2	102,9	102,0	93,5	83,6	111,8

      In order for Uzbekistan to enter the world markets and occupy high places, it is desirable to have an effective strategy that illuminates excellent foreign economic activity. For this, a perfect strategy can be presented by analyzing several factors. We would like to pay special attention to the following important factors.

    1. Providing effective offers for the global market

      Any successful plan for foreign economic activity must begin with the production of high-quality, unique products. For this, countries must first of all perfectly determine their internal capabilities, advantages and advantages, as well as the world market situation. In most cases, copying existing goods and services in the market can deter new entrants from entering the market. Because experienced manufacturing countries that have already established themselves in the market have a higher advantage. If the goods that are necessary and relevant for the current period are delivered to the world market, and there is a special development strategy for this, several advantages can be achieved as a result.

    2. Excellent analysis of foreign market opportunities

       Creating a separate strategy for global markets requires extensive market research. In this regard, a country that wants to enter the world markets, that is, Uzbekistan, should thoroughly study and analyze the situation in the international market, improve its capabilities, study the strength of its competitors in the world with equal status and, most importantly, bring it to this market. Having studied the demand and supply for the product he wants to enter, he should develop a unique business proposal that is worthwhile for the world market.

    3. Use of modern logistics services

       Supply chain issues such as management and logistics are of great importance in entering global markets. When exporting goods directly or selling goods to foreign buyers, whether the delivery address is familiar or new, the main task required of the seller is to ensure that the goods are delivered safely and reliably at the lowest possible transport costs. consists of delivery without If it is possible to win the trust of the buyer, this will be one of the main steps taken to enter the world markets.

    4. Compliance with generally recognized norms of international law

       There are 3 main types of legal considerations when entering the global market. That is:

– the main internal laws of the country;

– the laws of the partner country;

– laws regulating international market relations.

One of the most important requirements is to always follow the above 3 main laws and conduct foreign economic activities in the world market based on these rules. Of course, it is also important to involve a strong legal team. Even a country that wants to conduct foreign economic activity will not be harmed by the help of such a strong legal team, because they are aware of the latest and most important news that is happening in this country.

   5. Establish strong relationships with strategic partners

      Finding strategic local partners from the country of foreign economic activity can be a solution to the problems encountered in most cases. Having reliable connections and a network of partners to avoid problems such as opening new offices in a partner country, expanding business, and eliminating logistics and trade gaps can facilitate such difficult processes. Qualified local partners can provide reasonable assistance in dealing with the disadvantages of working in a new location.

     6. Reduction of taxes and granting of tax benefits

        Changing the amount of taxes can in some cases benefit both consumers and producers. For example, a change in export or import duties allows consumers to buy goods at lower prices, allows producers to export or import more of these goods, and producers can use the profits to renew their capital. All these actions increase efficiency, which helps to develop the economy.

    7. Existing infrastructure to promote economic growth

        The role of infrastructure facilities that help the movement of goods and services and deliver them to the consumer in the most convenient way is incomparable, they are the basis of the market economy. It means having an effective infrastructure and providing half income. Spending on infrastructure will pay for itself twice and ensure economic development. Infrastructural facilities should be created and put into operation not only by the state but also by private sector initiatives in the market economy.

     8. Insuring risks and having immunity against them

        Diversification of the market and sales methods, goods, and services in the world market is the best opportunity to insure risks and have immunity against them. In most cases, prioritizing orientation to the domestic market reduces resistance to competition in the world market and weakens innovative activity. Focusing more on global markets in their external economic activities than domestic markets can provide long-term effective economic growth. Updating product types and assortments, creating new markets, and bringing sales methods to the level of customer orientation also serve as the basis for obtaining high income.

         In conclusion, it can be said that the success and economic growth of Uzbekistan in the world market outweigh the difficulties of doing business in the international arena. There are ways to promote the foreign economic activity of Uzbekistan in the world markets, apart from the above-mentioned points, but if all of them are combined and carried out effectively as a single strategic model, Uzbekistan will also take high positions in the world markets and achieve success.

List of used literature:

1. Principles of Economics, 6thEdition.N. Gregory Mankiw. ISBN 13: 978-0-538-45305-9.  USA, textbook. 2012. Cengage Learning. 890 p.
2. World economy and international economic relations. Textbook, ed. A.S. Bulatova. Moscow.: KNORUS, – 2017, 916 pages.
3. Information of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. T.: 2022. www.stat.uz

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[1] Principles of Economics, 6-Edition.N. Gregory Mankiw. ISBN 13: 978-0-538-45305-9.  USA. 2012. Cengage Learning. Page 686.

[2] Source: Information of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. T.: 2022

EFFICIENT EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGIZATION OF EDUCATION

Karakalpak State University Kubeysinova Nilufar Makhmutovna

Abstract: In the article, the brief essence of pedagogical technology, innovation, innovative technologies, interactive methods in technological education is revealed. Ways to achieve the effectiveness of the educational process through technologization of education are highlighted.

The development and implementation of educational technologies as a scientific problem envisages conducting special scientific and pedagogical research. It should be noted that educational technology as a research object of pedagogy is not only a method of teaching specific subjects, but also requires a new approach to teaching social sciences. In this regard, it is worth noting that technology is is a process that leads to a quality change in the subject as a result of the effect shown by the subject on the object. Technology always provides for the execution of purposeful actions directed at the object in a certain sequence, using the necessary means and conditions.

Pedagogical technology (PT) is a social phenomenon that, as a result of the teacher’s systematic influence on students with the help of teaching tools, intensively forms predetermined social qualities in them, necessary for society. Since pedagogical technology is a social necessity, it first appeared in the USA in the 70s of the 20th century, and later it was widely used in the educational process in other developed countries. After gaining independence, scientists of Uzbekistan began to establish economic, social, political and scientific-educational relations with foreign countries.As a result, advanced and effective technologies began to enter our country. Along with this, the concept of progressive pedagogical technology in the world has also entered. V.P. Bespalko, one of the first among the CIS countries, described the need to introduce pedagogical technology into the educational process: “PT is a project of the process of forming a student’s personality, which can guarantee pedagogical success without depending on the teacher’s skills.” V. M. Monakhov, one of the Russian scientists, gives a brief definition that “PT is a system of orderly actions that lead to pre-planned results and must be performed”, and draws attention to its main features. According to his definition, “PT-technologies the educational process, increases its reproducibility and the stability of the pedagogical process, and frees it from the subjective characteristics of the executor of this process.” According to M. V. Klarin, PT is the design of the educational process based on predetermined target indicators with a technological approach to the educational process.According to Uzbek pedagogic scientists Nurali Saidakhmedov and Abdurakhmon Ochilov, PT is the process of intensive formation of predetermined personality qualities in them as a result of the teacher’s use of teaching tools to influence certain conditions on students. Pedagog scientist B.L. Farberman defines pedagogical technology as follows: PT is a new approach to the educational process, and social engineering in pedagogy is an expression of consciousness. It is a social phenomenon related to making the pedagogical process a standard based on technical capabilities and human technical thinking and creating its optimal project. In order to compare these definitions with the definitions given far abroad, we will quote the definition given by the Japanese pedagogue scientist T. Sakomoto: PT is the introduction of a systematic and complex way of thinking into pedagogy, in other words, a certain pedagogical process according to the definition of UNESCO, one of the authoritative agencies of the United Nations Organization, “PT is the design and implementation of the entire educational process, building technical and human resources in an interdependent manner in imparting and acquiring knowledge is to use the method of systematic approach”.If we analyze the mentioned definitions from a scientific and philosophical point of view, although the definitions given by foreign scientists and the definitions given by scientists of the CIS countries are close to each other, there are also significant differences. In particular, in the definitions of Sakomoto and UNESCO, special emphasis is placed on the principle of a collective approach. While the systematic approach is mentioned in the definitions given by the scientists of the CIS to PT, it can be seen that it was completely forgotten when the project of the educational process was being drawn up, and the laws and regulations of the principle of the systematic approach were not followed.

 Indeed, for a person who knows well the principle of a systematic approach to objective existence, as Sakomoto says, the concept that “PT is bringing the educational process to a certain system” is enough. Through this concept, it is possible to understand all other features of PT, that is, it is goal-oriented, it consists of several interrelated parts, and others. Because all these properties, according to the theory of systems, are integral qualities of things and phenomena called systems.The new concept of acquiring knowledge in the current educational system requires the use of various methods of modern pedagogical technology. The educational process is a system. Its constituent elements are the educational goal, the expected result, the teacher, the student, the content of education, the method of education, the form of education, educational tools, control and assessment. When designing the educational process, the above elements should be selected correctly. The introduction of pedagogical technologies in the educational process leads to the activity of the teacher as an organizer or consultant. This requires the qualities of independence, creativity and willpower from the student and the teacher.

Innovation (English innovation) means innovation. Innovative technologies are the introduction of innovations and changes to the pedagogical process, the activities of teachers and students, and reasonable interactive methods are used in its implementation. Interactive – (“Inter” is mutual, “act” – to act) is to act mutually. This

the uniqueness of the methods is the joint activity of the teacher and the student. The process of pedagogical cooperation occurs:

1. The student will not be indifferent during the lesson, he will go to independent thinking, creativity and research.

2. Continuity of the student’s interest in science during the educational process is ensured.3. The student approaches the problem independently.

        4. Continuity of the cooperative activity of the teacher and the student is ensured.

Pedagogical technology in the educational process is a coherent process in a clear sequence, it is a pedagogical process aimed at providing a goal-oriented, carefully planned and guaranteed result based on the needs of the student (teacher).

A teacher fulfills the social task of the society, prepares mature specialists. For this reason, the teacher must meet socio-political, pedagogical and personal requirements. Also, he believes in the name of independence, has comprehensively developed scientific thinking, has professional knowledge, is a deep expert in his field, master of pedagogical skills, has acquired pedagogical, psychological and methodological knowledge and skills, and has the ability to exert pedagogical influence. should have the ability to choose the most appropriate methods and tools. The process of pedagogical formation of a special subject teacher begins with the process of education at a higher educational institution. In the educational plans and programs of higher education institutions, the role of general technical sciences is important in teaching the secrets of this profession to the teachers of future labor education and providing scientific knowledge. General technical sciences serve to ensure technological readiness of labor education teachers. No matter how skilled a teacher of labor education may be, if he does not master technical and technological sciences well, he will not succeed in his work. Because the professional activity of a teacher of labor education is closely related to his technological training. That is why technical and technological sciences are of great practical importance in the system of training teachers of special subjects.

Conclusion: An effective solution to the problem of personnel training is, first of all, a professional who has deep knowledge of the fundamentals of psychology, pedagogy, economy, ecology, culture, law and other similar disciplines, who can meet today’s requirements, and who has comprehensive knowledge. It is related to teacher training.

References:

1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Education”.

        2. Ismilova Z.K. Pedagogy. Textbook. – T.: Molya-iktisod, 2008.

        3. Ishmukhamedov R. and others. Innovative technologies in education. – T.: “Talent” fund of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

4. Tolipov O’.Q., Usmanboyeva M. Practical foundations of pedagogical technology. – Tashkent, 2006.

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       Where dust devils 
     walk  between 
   the tree stumps 

As I pass this century 
  once again  I smell 
    Dinner  beside my 
 Great-grandchild's
Children.

      Far beside
   the roadways
between us & them
Dust devils walk
    beside
       petrified
           stumps.

Was my lunch finished
     over pure cold
       Sips of
         liquid
           Joy?

"Lovely Sky, isn't it!"

A disturbed
     thought passes
        brushing the
          grain of
            Rock
from an old
          tree.

Just like you and me,
   An old habit of
        Life.

"Did you finish 
                your lunch
                 , Dear?"

                                                   ............


by  John Edward Culp 
     Saturday morning
     January 20, 2024
      ♡

I will give thanks to you, LORD, with all my heart; I will tell of all your wonderful deeds.

                                           --------Psalm 9:1 NIV

My open-heart surgery on August 30th, 2023 changed me. It altered my entire view of the world and that change showed me the value of my relationship with Jesus Christ. The surgery was to repair four blocked arteries, and without it, certain death would only have been a matter of time. Before my surgery, life had become routine. Each day was a repeat of the day before, except for church on Sunday. My relationship with Jesus Christ existed throughout my life, but this experience meant a change for me. This time the void that always existed in my life changed. I always had a feeling of comfort in the Sanctuary at an early age. Listening to what God had to say to me. 

My salvation started in 1957 at my birth in Baltimore Maryland. Growing up in the darkness of the streets of DC where the only light was the votive candles burning in the Sanctuary.  This silence brought an awareness of peace and comfort. There was a sense of a presence that was quiet and comforting to me. This comfort surrounded me during the surgery. There were no bright lights that I can recall or noise from the heart lung machine or people hustling around me. The operation took six hours and one hour in which my heart was stopped as the heart lung machine pumped blood thru my body. I learned weeks later that once your heart stops beating you are considered legally dead. During the operation there was a sense of space around me. Upon, waking up in a state of disconnection to my surroundings except for that breathing tube in my throat. which was the sensation in my body. Once the tube was removed, I vomited out water and was unable to speak. My memory after the operation was this feeling of space but not time. 

Days passed and with each passing day gradually my senses returned, however there was great discomfort from the surgery. There was still this feeling of space around me. Each day there was a disconnect between me and my surroundings. During this time my emotions were on hold. Thoughts about life without having footprints from the past before the surgery. Thinking is that what one experience when they are born in this physical world? Only thoughts about God were my connection to my surroundings. I still alive and why did God choose me to continue in this world? This feeling of an empty space lasted even as the anesthesia subsided. The physical discomfort lasted for months. God had allowed me to start a new understanding of what life really meant. Only thoughts like I mentioned in childhood of God filled that void in me. 

My waking hours I meditate of God's presence in my life. No fear about life or death are of no concern to me. Wanting to return to the Sanctuary at Asbury United Methodist Church. Sitting in the Sanctuary to fill that void like in childhood. My prayers are simple prayers of gratitude. Jesus Christ have filled that void. Christ Jesus was within me all this time in my childhood. On August 30th 2023 my prayers came to fruition to live for Christ Jesus.