Teaching speech activity

Student of Andijan State Institute of  Foreign Languages

Tursunxo’jayeva Malika Abdusamat qizi

abdusamadovnamalika@gmail.com

932412315

Supervisor:Kadirova Nargiza

Abstract: This article analyzes the types of speech activity, their interrelation and teaching methods. Effective ways of forming correct, logical and clear speech in students will be considered. Psychological and linguistic foundations of speech types, as well as strategies for their development are widely covered.

Keywords: speech activity, teaching methodology, speaking, written speech, listening skills, reading skills

Speech activity is the main means of communication of a person. Through language, people exchange ideas, interact and gain knowledge. The teacher’s task is to thoroughly form all types of speech activity in students, to teach them clear, correct and expressive thinking in oral and written form.

The main types of speech activity include:

1. Listening comprehension (listening skills): Formation of students’ ability to correctly perceive and understand the spoken text.

It is based on hearing dialogues and monologues.

2. Speaking (verbal expression): The ability to express one’s thoughts independently and logically.

It is taught through dialogue, conversation, storytelling exercises.

3. Reading: Reading the text with comprehension and understanding of its content. Methods of reading texts of different genres and drawing conclusions from them are used.

4. Writing: Expressing one’s opinion clearly in written form. It is developed through dictations, essay writing, preparation of briefs and abstracts.

The interdependence of speech activity

Types of speech are closely related: Listening, understanding and speaking are the basis of dialogical communication. Reading and writing are tools that reinforce and develop knowledge.

Oral and written speech complement each other.

Therefore, in the development of each type of speech, it is also necessary to take advantage of the other’s specific characteristics and capabilities.

Basic methods of teaching speech activity

1. Step-by-step approach: Learning from easy to complex, concrete to abstract.

2. Communication-oriented methodology: Activation of speech through practice activities, role-plays, communication tasks.

3. Interactive methods: To ensure active participation through “mental attack”, “Debate”, “Cluster” techniques.

4. Differential approach: Organize classes with students’ individualities in mind.

We will explain the activity of speech in terms of the main parts.

1. What is speech activity? Speech activity is the process of a person expressing his mind and communicating with others through language. It combines psychological and linguistic activity.

The main types of speech activity:

Understanding by listening (receiving by hearing)

Speak (spoken expression)

Reading (perception of written speech)

Writing (express an idea in written form)

These four skills are the main pillars of speech activity.

2. The purpose of teaching speech activity. Teaching the student / pupil to think completely and clearly, develop oral and written speech skills, form a culture of communication, teach the practical use of the language.

3. Basic principles of teaching speech activity.

Phased: Moving from simple to complex

Activity and Independence: Encouraging students to think actively and independently

Motivation: To keep the reader interested, to make the need for communication

Communication orientation: Speaking skills are developed only through live communication

Repetition and Practice: Build Skills

4. Methods of teaching speech activity

Creating Dialogues: Practice Using Real Situations

Role-playing games: Acting out communication situations

Work on Text: Read the text and then comment and discuss

Q&A method: Teaching to ask a question and respond to it clearly, concisely

Describe and narrate: Provide an incentive to talk in detail about an event or subject

Debates and debates: Developing speech by exchanging ideas on a specific topic

5. Tools for the development of speech activities: audiovisual materials (film, audiobook, podcast), game tasks (puzzles, language games), interactive programs (online platforms, simulation programs), didactic materials (postcards, picture tasks).

6. Aspects of teaching speech activity: increasing the vocabulary (teaching more words), paying attention to grammatical correctness, not interpreting, the formation of free expression skills, the correct orientation of pronunciation and intonation, ensuring logical consistency and harmony of thought.

7. Speech activity and age characteristics: Teaching on the basis of play and imitation in young children is effective. And in adolescents and adults, discussion and free-expression activities are more beneficial.

8. Problems and Their Troubleshooting

In conclusion, teaching speech is an integral part of the language learning process. To teach these activities effectively, it is necessary to use communicative, interactive, and cognitive approaches. Speech development is important not only grammar and lexical knowledge, but also the development of skills for participation in communication, exchange of ideas and application of the language in real life. For teachers, there is a need to choose the right methods when working with students, correct speech errors and increase motivation.

The main problems in teaching speech activity, for example, may be lack of motivation or difficulty learning the language in extended topics, but effective solutions can be found to solve these problems by using new techniques, especially technology.

In addition, the integration of modern methods and approaches to teaching speech activities allows students to fully develop their communicative skills in the language. Combining the methodological recommendations, knowledge and experience presented in Uzbek and world literature in teaching speech activity can make the process of learning a language more effective and meaningful.

In general, teaching speech activity is one of the most important and exciting areas of language learning, and for the successful organization of this process, it is important to strengthen interaction and cooperation between teachers and students.

                                    References

1. T. Tursunov — Fundamentals of Speech Culture and Methodology, Tashkent, 2009.

2. Sh. Shoabdurakhmanov — Methods of teaching the Uzbek language, Tashkent, 1992.

3. G. Dadaboeva — Theory and practice of language teaching, Tashkent, 2017.

4. Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan — Teaching Manual for the Development of Speech Activities, 2020.

5. H. H. Stern — Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching, Oxford University Press, 1983.

6. D. Hymes — Communicative Competence, 1972.

7. S. Krashen — The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications, Longman, 1985.

8. J. Harmer — The Practice of English Language Teaching, Longman, 2001.

9. L. Vygotsky — Thought and Language, MIT Press, 1986.

10. G. Abdurakhmonova — Methods of teaching written speech, Tashkent, 2015.

11. A. Mamajonov — Speech and Communication: Theoretical Foundations, Tashkent, 2010.

12. M. Yuldashev — Communicative approach in teaching languages, Tashkent, 2018.

13. Sh. Mustaqimov — Uzbek language teaching methodology, Tashkent, 2003.

14. P. M. J. Firth — Papers in Linguistics 1934–1951, 1957.

15. A. Savignon — Communicative Language Teaching: State of the Art, 1983.

16. R. Ellis — Second Language Acquisition, Oxford University Press, 1997.

17. M. Canale & M. Swain — Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing, Applied Linguistics, 1980.

……………H…………………………….

………………….O………………………..

……………………….M…………………..

…………………………….E……………..

When i flip  through the pages 

of the earth i found the memories of how we

 dance to the songs of our fathers death and 

we buried  their smile in a blind home 

Grief is now our blood line

because our home now dances to the rhymes 

of dead songs and we care no more about 

 our ancestral  promises

We walk on the lines of injustices

and darkness now houses on our skin

for we no longer know our names

and our body now float on blood

Our feet  walk on fire for we say

it cool our body  and 

carved our body like portrait 

of lifeless bird soaring on the sky

…………………….H…………………………

………………………….O……………………

………………………………..M……………..

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This is a poem about my home…

First of all, we wish everyone a very happy Earth Day! Here’s a picture from regular contributing artist Jacques Fleury.

Poet and essayist Abigail George, whom we’ve published many times, shares the fundraiser her book’s press has created for her. She’s seeking contributions for office supplies and resources to be able to serve as a speaker and advocate for others who have experienced trauma or deal with mental health issues.

Also, the Educational Bookshop in Jerusalem, a store that has the mission of peaceful dialogue and education, invites readers to donate new or gently used books (all genres) that have been meaningful to them, with a note enclosed for future readers about why the books were meaningful. (The books don’t have to be about peace or social justice or the Mideast, although they can be). Please send books here. US-based Interlink Publishing has also started a GoFundMe for the store.

We’re also having a presence at the Hayward Lit Hop festival this year, and we encourage everyone to attend this free, all-ages event! Many local writers will share their work and we will also host an open mic.

Passing along a message from someone who contacted us. If you’re interested, please email Mark directly at jennybridge45@gmail.com

Hi there, As a seasoned coordinator of educational events, this is my official introduction. Mark is my name. I hope our conversations won’t be hampered by my hearing loss. For an upcoming workshop, I’m searching for an illustrator, cartoonist, or artist to work with on a project. I’ll go over the project needs in detail and pay your fees in advance if you can assist. Once I indicate what has to be depicted or drawn, you can estimate the cost.

Mark Stewart from Ohio, USA.

This month’s theme is Lost and Found.

Brian Barbeito shares a mindful reflection on walking a paved road, finding a human place in nature. Rustamova Asalay depicts a farmer in tune with the sun and the cycles of nature. Stephen Jarrell Williams contributes several different ways of looking at and interacting with a city plaza. David Woodward contemplates life and aging while observing his garden, yet to bloom. Sayani Mukherjee dreams of flowers, rivers and mortality, biological life undergirding a modern city. Grzegorz Wroblewski, in a second set of poetry translated by Peter Burzynski, probes the corporeal and how we nourish ourselves.

Maniq Chakraborty speaks to being a lost traveler on a psychological journey. David Sapp writes of ordinary people and the weight of regret for their past choices, whether justifiable or not. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s poetry portrays people trapped in memory or dreamtime. Graciela Noemi Villaverde laments our human limitations: mortality and fragmentary knowledge. Sheila Murphy addresses isolation, confusion, and the weakness of language when it comes to expressing inmost feelings.

Bokijonova Madinabonu Batirovna’s piece explores the universality of grief and how it fragments and hardens some people’s selves. Denis Emorine’s novella Broken Identities explores the weight of the past, even a past we didn’t live through, and how it affects our sense of self. Tamara Walker (T.A. Aehrens) explores the practical and psychological process of repentance and healing from cultural sins in her novel Leaves from the Vine in an interview with editor Cristina Deptula. Vo Thi Nhu Mai’s elegant, understated poems express the weight of memory and unanswered questions.

Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s poem, translated from Greek to English, and then to Bangla by Md. Sadiqur Rahman Rumen, expresses a warmer view of the past and nostalgia for the simple kindnesses of her childhood. Sterling Warner’s poetry revels in nostalgia, nature, and culture – from Silicon Valley to Oktoberfest. Mahbub Alam describes in great detail the Bangladeshi New Year celebration. Rashidova Shaxrizoda pays homage to her cultural past and the poetic heritage of Alisher Navoi. Kylian Cubilla Gomez looks at nature and culture with a whimsical and curious eye. Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa learns from the past while planning for the future and playfully musing about the present.

Nigar Nurulla Khalilova’s poetic speaker leaves a beloved to pursue artistic dreams in a journey that resembles a camel caravan. Lalezar Orinbayeva reflects on how her youthful dreams have changed over time, but she has not lost her optimism or determination. Ismailova Hilola outlines events that inspired her to become a teacher, how she found her life’s calling.

Eshboyev Oybek Davlat Oglu also speaks to education, highlighting potential roles for e-learning. Shahina Olimova researches the use of role-playing games in English language learning.

Chimezie Ihekuna shares his life’s purpose, asserting his artistic independence and desire to make the world a better place through writing and music. Biljana Letic of the Balkan Beats radio program interviews Maja Milojkovic about the spiritual, intercultural, and humane inspirations behind her writing. Shamsiya Khudoynazarova Turumovna’s poetry celebrates the beauty, grace, and discipline that goes into crafting haiku. Vernon Frazer positions words and shapes and fonts onto three pages with a loose theme of music. Rizal Tanjung explores the nuances and ambiguities within Anna Keiko’s abstract paintings. Jim Meirose’s piece mutates language into a mix of fonts and verbs and sounds, giving the sense of flying a plane.

Jacques Fleury also experiments with language as he reflects on learning to “go with the flow” of life, even when life’s “flow” is uneven, in a piece crafted during meditation. Gabriela Marin’s gentle poems evoke dreams, intimacy, and the imagination. Duane Vorhees’ pieces speak to attraction and intimacy, longing for human and poetic muses. Sam Hendrian explores moments of human connection and faux-connection.

Eva Petropoulou Lianou urges human solidarity and friendship: she wishes for women to stand together and befriend each other. Dr. Jernail S. Anand’s essay reminds us that society’s leaders should represent ethical values beyond money and power. Rahmat A. Muhammad expresses her hopes for international and domestic peace within her country. Ahmed Farooq Baidoon urges the world to become worthy of its children. Isabel Gomes de Diego’s photos celebrate new and burgeoning life in various forms. Isaac Aju’s short story challenges the Nigerian social taboo about middle-aged women remaining unmarried, celebrating a broader scope of people and lifestyles.

Even as we find some new joys and new lives, we sadly lose others. Ahmed Miqdad laments the destruction of Gaza and its ravages on both land and souls. Emran Emon decries the killing in Gaza and the U.N.’s lack of action. Daniel De Culla lampoons those who lead humanity while willfully ignoring climate change.

Sandro Piedrahita’s tale of conquest, tragedy, and some tiny justice finally served dramatizes the Spanish colonization of the Incas. Z.I. Mahmud explores dystopian elements within Margaret Atwood’s feminist classic The Handmaid’s Tale.

On a more personal level, Anna Keiko’s youthful-sounding poetry expresses tender lovesickness and fear of losing her beloved. Taylor Dibbert’s weary poetic speaker gives up on the dating world. Bill Tope’s short story presents a tragic interpersonal situation with tenderness, causing readers to think about the role of the justice system.

Christopher Bernard’s piece illustrates how humans can defend ourselves against all sorts of danger with calm, mindful preparedness. We hope that this issue will not only charm and entertain, but inspire and strengthen you to face the days ahead.

Charity

Charity pulled her pistol from her holster, aimed, fired. Her concentration (or was it reluctance?) seemed to require far too much time. Charity, our officer, ordinarily cheery Thalia, one of three Graces, a mom who runs Safety Town, summers on the playground, came when called, came with bullets in her gun.

Inside, my wife governed a raucous birthday party, distracted wild, sticky nine-year-olds with games and cake and kept them clear of windows. Outside, a doe lost all grace, flopped helplessly in our yard beneath the apple tree, her hind leg bent, merely touched by a truck. Usually, her lean, sienna flanks flashed across the lawn, leapt over fences with fawns. Our apples, old, delicious Jonathans, the deer’s delicacy, too near Berlin Road, I’ll cut the tree down.

Inside, kids oblivious, outside, Charity and I shared an intimate glance of regret, this death a loss of elegance. Charity’s gun snapped three times, a jarring, contradictory violence. In her report, Charity accounted for each bullet.

Rod

A neighbor of sorts – office next door, we shared a wall.

A seemingly amiable fellow who lectured on Respiratory Care,

Rod with the Tennessee drawl and folksy anecdotes,

Who drove a pick-up, donned scuffed cowboy boots,

Who voted Republican every damn election – though he wouldn’t fess up,

Whose schizophrenic grandson caused him to see a few things differently,

Rod, the odious, chauvinist, good-ol’-boy bastard who harassed Robin,

Who made her life a living hell until she quit

(I gave her a pill to calm down. Simply listening and nodding was useless. There’s my regret.),

Rod, who, I am unsure why, I treated decently despite our vast differences, didn’t come to work.

A stroke. I sent a card, asked after him. I heard, “Home, therapy, retirement.” That’s that. Though my neighbor, I didn’t pay him a visit, an appalling indifference.

Why needlessly confront mortality with simple courtesy?

It appears my love is not yet unconditional.

David Sapp, writer and artist, lives along the southern shore of Lake Erie in North America. A Pushcart nominee, he was awarded Ohio Arts Council Individual Excellence Grants for poetry and the visual arts. His poetry and prose appear widely in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. His publications include articles in the Journal of Creative Behavior, chapbooks Close to Home and Two Buddha, a novel Flying Over Erie, and a book of poems and drawings titled Drawing Nirvana.

LIFE AND LITERATURE…

Aruz—like a soldier, firm in his stance,

Hijās chase each step, a tireless advance.

In syllabic verse, your fingers may stray,

Yet in haikus, thoughts thread their way…

Each day, your mind races, lost in its track,

Life—a strange script, with scenes thrown back;

Joy—a butterfly, light on its wings,

Grief—like literature, deep sorrow it brings…

Each fleeting moment—a novel so vast,

A film whose script on your forehead is cast.

You—a mere actor, fate-bound and grim,

Each wound—a lesson that seeps deep within…

As you live on, you shall slowly discern

Life’s aruz beats and syllabic turns.

Grand eras revolve, vast and profound,

Dramas and satires, where echoes resound…

Aruz’s pursuit teaches firm resolve,

Syllabic verse finds balance involved.

Should emotions surge, leaving you drained,

Should illness clutch you, weary and pained—

Then read, like blossoms, in wintertime bold,

A haiku’s wisdom, centuries old.

For life, the wise teacher, brief in its say,

May whisper its truths through haikus one day…

Shamsiya Khudoynazarova Turumovna (February 15, 1973) was born in Uzbekistan. Studied at the Faculty of Journalism of Tashkent State University (1992-1998). She took first place in the competition of young republican poets (1999). Four collections of poems have been published in Uzbekistan: “Leaf of the Heart” (1998), “Roads to You” (1998), “The Sky in My Chest” (2007), “Lovely Melodies” (2013). She wrote poetry in more than ten genres. She translated some Russian and Turkish poets into Uzbek, as well as a book by Yunus Emro. She lived as a political immigrant with her family for five years in Turkey.

A Letter to My Favorite Drug

Accustomed to ending the day on a high note

In the most artificial way possible,

Rising up out of my body

Through elevated corporal cravings.

But sometimes you show up and disrupt

My habitual rituals of obituary-courting,

Your sheer presence rendering me euphoric

Before you’ve spoken a single word.

Yes, the freedom to converse through silence

Is a most precious one indeed,

Raising and lowering my blood pressure

With simultaneous tenderness.

Three hours seem like one

Which of course is not enough

To savor the indispensably insignificant details,

The essential nonessentials.

Go to bed later, wake up earlier,

Energized by our low-energy synergy

And wishing I could imbibe your magic potion

Every day of the week.

The Silence In Between

Woke up at 1 AM

To a cacophony of moans

Almost shattering the window

With operatic decibels.

Good for them,

Bad for me

Still barely fresh

From a pre-sleep fantasy.

Calculated their level of closeness

By listening for the silence in between,

The vulnerable moment

When the script turns into improv.

Shower came on quick enough;

Must have been successful

And a little bit stressful

Remembering each other’s names.

Then a sequel session

Shook the walls once more

But I stopped keeping score

Certain it would end with a closed door.

Nearby Farness

Hoodie to the left, hoodie to the right,

Shields against peripheral vision

So that beauty stays a question mark

Instead of a period.

Better to be trusted than loved

Although it’s nice if you can be both,

Blessed with distant proximity

And nearby farness.

Crumbs of conversation

Scattered in an imaginary forest

Where people require other people

To find their way back home.

Some get their kicks on what-if situations,

Taking communion at the Church of Friday Night

In which bartenders consecrate a glass of California wine

While choirs sing “Sweet Caroline” with no-strings-attached ecstasy.

Others brand themselves as stubborn dreamers

Refusing to search for what refuses to approach them

Without considering the possibility

They’re too well-hidden to be found.

Hoodie up above, hoodie down below,

Angels and mortals locked in a staring contest

Destined to continue for eternity

Since they’re both afraid of flashing their eyes.

Showed Promise

Stumbled across the obituary at precisely 12:00,

The usual time for mid-year New Year’s resolutions

As the drunkenness turns to queasiness

And the pleasure starts to sting.

26 and two days counting;

Didn’t even have the glory of 27,

Just a halfway thought-out header

That read, “Showed Promise.”

Showed promise for what exactly?

Capitalistic success?

Perhaps a Wikipedia page

Or picture on a restaurant wall?

Anyhow, it didn’t matter;

Whatever promise was shown had faded

Unless there was an accompanying suicide note

To inspire posthumous adulation.

Wandered to the cemetery the next morning,

Paid respects from a stranger

Which are sometimes sincerer

Than the rehearsed well-wishes of a friend.

Assured him he was more

Than what he had not yet become

And that what he already was

Was all he ever needed to be.

Big Sister

The tiny head had been there for more than an hour

And would likely remain until the train stopped,

Ejecting them both onto a crowded platform

Full of 9-to-5 fighters and 5-to-9 nurturers.

She of course belonged to the latter group,

An invisible angel seen as just another tired face

Accustomed to questions and quests for answers

That even her parents couldn’t fulfill.

Tried to hide the number of times she cried in a day,

Microchipping Kleenex into her eyes

But was frequently met by the sudden surprise

Of an old lady staring sympathetically.

No sympathy was required though,

No hand-me-down advice;

The source of her fragility

Was also the source of her strength.

Which didn’t stop her from doubting

The legitimacy of that tiny head

Gracing her shoulders with trust

She feared she couldn’t live up to.