Joint sentence and their types in the language being studied.

 Andijan State Language Institute

 4th year student Gafurova Mahbuba

 mahbubaalisherovna @gmail.com

 +998946812826

 Supervisor: Ismanova Odina 

ANNOTATION. The article discusses complex sentences in the studied language, their structure, syntactic features and types. Particular attention is paid to the classification of complex sentences into conjunctions, non-conjunctions and subordinate clauses, as well as their functions in written and oral speech. The research is aimed at deepening students’ knowledge of the syntax of complex constructions.

АННОТАЦИЯ; В данной статье рассматриваются сложные предложения в изучаемом языке, акцентируя внимание на их структуре, синтаксических особенностях и классификации. Особое внимание уделяется типам сложных предложений, таким как сложносочиненное, асиндетическое и сложное с придаточными. Исследование направлено на углубление понимания студентами сложных синтаксических конструкций как в письменном, так и в устном дискурсе.

KEYWORDS: complex sentences, syntax, subordinate clauses, asyndetic constructions, conjunction

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: сложные предложения, синтаксис, придаточные предложения, асиндетические конструкции, союз

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One of the most important branches of linguistics is syntax, which studies the grammatical relationship of words to each other, how they fit into a sentence and connections between sentences. Sentences, on the other hand, serve to express logical thought as one of the basic units of language. According to their structure, they are divided into simple (simple) and complex (additive) sentences.

Compound sentences are formed by the interconnection of several simple sentences with each other, both meaningally and grammatically linked. They serve for a complete, clear and logical expression of the idea in communication. In this article, types of compound sentences, their morphological and syntactic structure, connective tools and methodological features are analyzed within the studied language.

BASIC SECTION

I. The concept of a joint sentence and its general appearance

A compound sentence is a complex syntactic unit formed by the meaningful and grammatical connection of two or more simple sentences. They often serve to describe in detail an event, action or situation. Compound sentences are divided into the following main types:

Connecting clauses

Joint sentences without linking

Follow Up Joint Sentences

II. Connecting Clauses

In compound sentences with a connective, each simple sentence is joined together using a connective on the basis of mutual equality. Most common connective: and, or, ammo, but, however, also.

Examples:

I took a class and my brother read a book.

He went to work, but did not return in time.

These sentences are used in speech to express ideas that are equal to each other.

III. Joint Sentences Without Links

Joints without a conjunction occur when two or more simple sentences are connected only by pause and intonation. There will be no link between them, but essentially they will be intertwined.

Example:

The sun came out, the birds sang, the people woke up.

In such statements, there may be a time, cause, condition, or causal relationship between the parts.

IV. Joint Sentences with Follow Sentences

In this type of joint sentence there is a single sentence, and the sentences that follow it obey the meaning. Following sentences clarify, supplement, or explain the idea in the main sentence.

Joint sentences with a follow-up sentence are divided into the following types:

Shart ergash gap: Agar u kelsa, men ham boraman.

Reason Follows: I was late because the bus arrived late.

The goal is to wake up early so that it doesn’t stay late.

The result was: He was so tired that he didn’t even have time to sit down.

Sentences that follow serve the logical development of thought.

V. Peculiarities of the Compound Sentences to the Language Being Studied. 

In Uzbek and other languages studied, compound sentences are sometimes morphologically different. For example, in some languages, the tense form of the verb in the following sentence is harmonized with the verb in the main sentence. Therefore, for each language, it is important to study in depth the specific syntactic features of compound sentences.

VI. The Role of Joint Sentences in Speech

Joint sentences provide the logical development of the text in oral and written speech. It is compound sentences that are widely used to fully express an opinion, especially in scientific, journalistic, artistic and formal styles. Complex thoughts, annotations, reason, and consequential consistent details in texts are expressed through joint sentences.

CONCLUSION

Compound sentences are one of the most important syntactic units of a language that allow you to express a logical idea in detail, fluency and clarity. Joint sentences, as seen in the article, are divided into different types, and each has its own specific grammatical and semantic features. Proper application of them will increase the vocabulary of the language and will make the expression of thoughts perfect.

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Rasulov A. “Current Uzbek literary language”, Tashkent: Fan, 2010.

Jumaniyozova D. “Introduction to Uzbek linguistics”, Nukus: Karakalpakstan, 2012.

Sirojiddinov Sh. “Syntactic units”, Tashkent: University Press, 2015.

Khrakovsky V. S. “Typology of Complex Sentences”, St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2001.

Comrie B. “Language Universals and Linguistic Typology”, Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.

These, and the project 999 on soundcloud.com/texasfontanella3 have the most duende to them. That’s why I want them out there, not cooped up in my imagination. I don’t see why synchronized chaos and ranger magazine cannot share in the sharing of this pivotal turning point in the nature of my oeuvre.

First of all, we wish everyone a very happy Earth Day! Here’s a picture from regular contributing artist Jacques Fleury.

Poet and essayist Abigail George, whom we’ve published many times, shares the fundraiser her book’s press has created for her. She’s seeking contributions for office supplies and resources to be able to serve as a speaker and advocate for others who have experienced trauma or deal with mental health issues.

Also, the Educational Bookshop in Jerusalem, a store that has the mission of peaceful dialogue and education, invites readers to donate new or gently used books (all genres) that have been meaningful to them, with a note enclosed for future readers about why the books were meaningful. (The books don’t have to be about peace or social justice or the Mideast, although they can be). Please send books here. US-based Interlink Publishing has also started a GoFundMe for the store.

We’re also having a presence at the Hayward Lit Hop festival this year, and we encourage everyone to attend this free, all-ages event! Many local writers will share their work and we will also host an open mic.

Passing along a message from someone who contacted us. If you’re interested, please email Mark directly at jennybridge45@gmail.com

Hi there, As a seasoned coordinator of educational events, this is my official introduction. Mark is my name. I hope our conversations won’t be hampered by my hearing loss. For an upcoming workshop, I’m searching for an illustrator, cartoonist, or artist to work with on a project. I’ll go over the project needs in detail and pay your fees in advance if you can assist. Once I indicate what has to be depicted or drawn, you can estimate the cost.

Mark Stewart from Ohio, USA.

This month’s theme is Lost and Found.

Brian Barbeito shares a mindful reflection on walking a paved road, finding a human place in nature. Rustamova Asalay depicts a farmer in tune with the sun and the cycles of nature. Stephen Jarrell Williams contributes several different ways of looking at and interacting with a city plaza. David Woodward contemplates life and aging while observing his garden, yet to bloom. Sayani Mukherjee dreams of flowers, rivers and mortality, biological life undergirding a modern city. Grzegorz Wroblewski, in a second set of poetry translated by Peter Burzynski, probes the corporeal and how we nourish ourselves.

Maniq Chakraborty speaks to being a lost traveler on a psychological journey. David Sapp writes of ordinary people and the weight of regret for their past choices, whether justifiable or not. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s poetry portrays people trapped in memory or dreamtime. Graciela Noemi Villaverde laments our human limitations: mortality and fragmentary knowledge. Sheila Murphy addresses isolation, confusion, and the weakness of language when it comes to expressing inmost feelings.

Bokijonova Madinabonu Batirovna’s piece explores the universality of grief and how it fragments and hardens some people’s selves. Denis Emorine’s novella Broken Identities explores the weight of the past, even a past we didn’t live through, and how it affects our sense of self. Tamara Walker (T.A. Aehrens) explores the practical and psychological process of repentance and healing from cultural sins in her novel Leaves from the Vine in an interview with editor Cristina Deptula. Vo Thi Nhu Mai’s elegant, understated poems express the weight of memory and unanswered questions.

Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s poem, translated from Greek to English, and then to Bangla by Md. Sadiqur Rahman Rumen, expresses a warmer view of the past and nostalgia for the simple kindnesses of her childhood. Sterling Warner’s poetry revels in nostalgia, nature, and culture – from Silicon Valley to Oktoberfest. Mahbub Alam describes in great detail the Bangladeshi New Year celebration. Rashidova Shaxrizoda pays homage to her cultural past and the poetic heritage of Alisher Navoi. Kylian Cubilla Gomez looks at nature and culture with a whimsical and curious eye. Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa learns from the past while planning for the future and playfully musing about the present.

Nigar Nurulla Khalilova’s poetic speaker leaves a beloved to pursue artistic dreams in a journey that resembles a camel caravan. Lalezar Orinbayeva reflects on how her youthful dreams have changed over time, but she has not lost her optimism or determination. Ismailova Hilola outlines events that inspired her to become a teacher, how she found her life’s calling.

Eshboyev Oybek Davlat Oglu also speaks to education, highlighting potential roles for e-learning. Shahina Olimova researches the use of role-playing games in English language learning.

Chimezie Ihekuna shares his life’s purpose, asserting his artistic independence and desire to make the world a better place through writing and music. Biljana Letic of the Balkan Beats radio program interviews Maja Milojkovic about the spiritual, intercultural, and humane inspirations behind her writing. Shamsiya Khudoynazarova Turumovna’s poetry celebrates the beauty, grace, and discipline that goes into crafting haiku. Vernon Frazer positions words and shapes and fonts onto three pages with a loose theme of music. Rizal Tanjung explores the nuances and ambiguities within Anna Keiko’s abstract paintings. Jim Meirose’s piece mutates language into a mix of fonts and verbs and sounds, giving the sense of flying a plane.

Jacques Fleury also experiments with language as he reflects on learning to “go with the flow” of life, even when life’s “flow” is uneven, in a piece crafted during meditation. Gabriela Marin’s gentle poems evoke dreams, intimacy, and the imagination. Duane Vorhees’ pieces speak to attraction and intimacy, longing for human and poetic muses. Sam Hendrian explores moments of human connection and faux-connection.

Eva Petropoulou Lianou urges human solidarity and friendship: she wishes for women to stand together and befriend each other. Dr. Jernail S. Anand’s essay reminds us that society’s leaders should represent ethical values beyond money and power. Rahmat A. Muhammad expresses her hopes for international and domestic peace within her country. Ahmed Farooq Baidoon urges the world to become worthy of its children. Isabel Gomes de Diego’s photos celebrate new and burgeoning life in various forms. Isaac Aju’s short story challenges the Nigerian social taboo about middle-aged women remaining unmarried, celebrating a broader scope of people and lifestyles.

Even as we find some new joys and new lives, we sadly lose others. Ahmed Miqdad laments the destruction of Gaza and its ravages on both land and souls. Emran Emon decries the killing in Gaza and the U.N.’s lack of action. Daniel De Culla lampoons those who lead humanity while willfully ignoring climate change.

Sandro Piedrahita’s tale of conquest, tragedy, and some tiny justice finally served dramatizes the Spanish colonization of the Incas. Z.I. Mahmud explores dystopian elements within Margaret Atwood’s feminist classic The Handmaid’s Tale.

On a more personal level, Anna Keiko’s youthful-sounding poetry expresses tender lovesickness and fear of losing her beloved. Taylor Dibbert’s weary poetic speaker gives up on the dating world. Bill Tope’s short story presents a tragic interpersonal situation with tenderness, causing readers to think about the role of the justice system.

Christopher Bernard’s piece illustrates how humans can defend ourselves against all sorts of danger with calm, mindful preparedness. We hope that this issue will not only charm and entertain, but inspire and strengthen you to face the days ahead.

A Lot and A Little: Fragmentation and Tragedy in Denis Emorine’s Broken Identities

In Denis Emorine’s new novella Broken Identities, gifted young Hungarian student Nora writes a paper on the works of main character and writer Dominic Valarcher, which she describes as “a lot and a little at the same time.” That phrase serves to describe the entire novella. 

On one level, Broken Identities seems to be an intimate domestic drama about a professor caught in a love triangle. Dominic has a wife of many years, Laetitia, a talented concert pianist whom he genuinely loves and finds extremely attractive, yet he also feels passion for Nora, a younger graduate student who admires his writing. The tale explores his angst and conflicted feelings and appears focused solely on three people. 

Yet, through the inclusion of minor characters, we see that this novella draws on these relationships to probe broader historical and psychological themes. Dominic lives haunted by the thought of his mother’s earlier days, as she survived losing her first husband in a concentration camp. Now, as an adult, he seems fascinated by younger women who seek out his care and mentorship. A therapist, with whom he built a close relationship, suggests to him that this might stem from a wish to have protected his mother from heartbreak.

Also, both Nora and Nadja, a young student starting a literary magazine at her school who falls under his spell while seeking his endorsement, are Eastern European, while he and his wife are French. Eastern Europe is tied up in Dominic’s mind with tragedy, death, and the victims of the Holocaust, as what he calls the “Russian” side of his personality. While Eastern Europe is complex and represents much more than tragedy, in Dominic’s mind, it stands in for a shadow, an irreparable loss stemming from his inherited childhood trauma which obsesses him more than he realizes. 

It is this “Russian” side that calls to him during the final days of the academic conference he attends with Nora, and that leads him to his final tragedy. Yet, even at the end, he is not totally overcome by this darkness. He calls Laetitia and shares a sensual text exchange suffused with joy and passion, even after meeting up with Nora. And, finally, the novella ends with a rendition of the elegant love poem to Laetitia that he included in a manuscript he shared with Nadja. 

Broken Identities is told through poems, diary entries, and letters accompanying the prose, which underscores the theme of fragmentation. There are often things characters will not speak aloud but only scarcely admit to themselves, or which they feel are only expressible through art. The additional use of  letters, text messages, and phone calls are forms of communication used when people are separated. When Dominic is with Laetitia, he’s apart from Nora, and vice versa. When he takes refuge in France to write and process his emotions, Laetitia is left alone and communicates her feelings through musical innuendo. 

These bits of communication, which average people might overlook as less significant than a novel or symphonic masterwork, highlight characters’ states of mind in Broken Identities. In this way, as Nora says, all of our thoughts and words can mean “both a lot and a little,” and reveal not only inner romantic conflict, but the lingering intergenerational effects of historical traumas. 

Denis Emorine’s Broken Identities can be ordered here (in French).

INTERVIEW

With heartfelt gratitude,

Biljana Letić from Australia, Balkan Beats on Zed Digital.

Balkan Beats and

Radio 4ZZZ 102.1FM & Zed Digital Australia.

An interview with me has been published in the magazine Rasejanje.info.

INTERVIEW

Maja Milojković – “Poetry, a deeply personal expression that comes from the soul like a melody.”

Maja Milojković carries a handful of creative hats in her artistic suitcase. First and foremost, she is one of the founders of the poetry club Area Felix, editor of the international magazine for creative literature and culture Area Felix, deputy editor-in-chief of the publishing house Sfaros in Belgrade, and also the founder and vice president of the association Rtanj and the Moon’s Poetic Circle. Exclusively for the readers of the media portal Rasejanje.info, Biljana Letić shares a story about the achievements of the versatile artist Maja Milojković, told from the perspective of a writer, author, and poet. Biljana Letić is a native of Belgrade who has been living in Brisbane, Australia for almost three decades.

The multi-talented author and artist Maja Milojković, originally from Zaječar, Serbia, has a rich background in the specific creative field she is devoted to. She is passionate about many artistic directions, which she refers to as her “four aces”—poetry, painting, singing, and dance. This interview focuses on poetry, books, and the series of honorary awards Maja Milojković received in 2024. Maja’s artistic journey and her golden path to fame are covered in this story, along with two of her poems, “Follow Me” and “The End and the Beginning.”

Biljana Letić: How would you describe to the readers – who is Maja Milojković?

Maja Milojković: Maja is an Aryan name that means illusion or that which is not in Sanskrit, so my name carries a symbolic meaning.

Two in one – my SELF, which does not like to be in the spotlight, and Maja, who is extroverted. I enjoy solitude, while Maja loves fame. And so it goes endlessly – a dual nature that allows me to play with everything I’m not and to enjoy, unburdened, all that comes from this world. My vivid imagination is reflected in me as a versatile artistic being.

Poetry, painting, singing, and dancing are my four “aces,” and I believe they are gifts from God. That doesn’t mean I’m the best, but rather that these paths are the best means for expressing my soul. You are given life and talents—they are instruments through which you act, conveying a message you discover within yourself. That message must always be one that awakens optimism in people, inspires them toward self-realization, and transforms them for the better.

Last year, I became a promoter for the music label FORTUNA DENMARK, which creates fantastic hits. They recorded my song Egyptian Night, for which I also have a music video in which I sing.

Biljana Letić: Let’s start with the books you’ve published. Can you list all the books and awards you’ve received so far?

Maja Milojković: I’ve published two poetry collections: “The Moon’s Circle”, published by Sven from Niš, and “The Wishing Trees”, published by Sfairos from Belgrade. My third collection, “Be Like a Paper Kite”, is currently in preparation and will also be published by Sfairos.

Together with Dr. Milan Mladenović, I co-edited the international anthology “Rhymes from Rtanj” for 2024, published by Sfairos in Belgrade.

I’m represented in around 40 domestic and international anthologies. Also, this year I was invited by Dr. Brajesh Gupta Mevadev from India to be one of several editors on an international anthology from India. In addition, I worked on stylistic editing for two novels by Croatian writer Vladimir Pavić.

In 2024, I’d like to highlight the book “Hyperpoem”, an international anthology edited by Alexander Kobishev from Russia. It is the longest poem in the world and has been included in the Guinness Book of Records. I contributed a quatrain to it. This anthology gained international popularity and was presented at the book fair in Munich this year. It is also available for purchase on Amazon.

I have had a long-standing collaboration with the esteemed writer Agron Shele from Belgium, participating every year in the international anthologies he edits. A copy of each book is sent to the Royal Library of the Netherlands.

I’ve also collaborated for many years with Abdallah Gassmi from Tunisia. Every year, I participate in anthologies he edits, and last year I was invited as an honorary guest, along with several other poets, in Tunisia.

Six years ago, I joined leading global movements for peace, animal protection, anti-racism, and similar causes. As an activist, I have received a large number of awards from many countries. Here’s a small portion of the awards I received in 2024, among them:

• The Literature Award from the Academy of Ethics in India, awarded by the Academy’s President, Dr. Jernail S. Anand. This is, in fact, the highest recognition I received in 2024. Only three of these diplomas were awarded in Serbia: to Vice President Maja Herman Sekulić, the President of Matica Srpska, Dr. Dragan Stanić and myself.

• An award from Dr. Arch. Franca Colozzo from Italy, on behalf of GPLT for sustainability and climate change. She is a prominent figure in leading global organizations.

• Awards from “RINASCIMENTO – RENAISSANCE MILLENNIUM III,” presented to me by Prof. George Onsy, founder and president of RRM3 from Cairo, Egypt.

• An award from Nobel Prize nominee Abdulgani Yahya Al-Ebarh Din of Yemen for contributions to world peace.

• The “Golden Bridge” award from writer Rahim Karim Karimov from Kyrgyzstan.

This year, I also wrote reviews for internationally recognized authors, including Jernail S. Anand, Hela Tekali from Tunisia, and Aleksei Kalakutin from Russia.

I write for magazines from various countries. I’d like to highlight the regular publication of my poems in magazines such as:

– Synchronized Chaos from California

– Atunis Poetry from Belgium

– Polis Magazino from Greece

– and many others.

Collaboration with seven magazines around the world has earned me great respect from colleagues and recognition in many countries. I gladly accept invitations for cooperation because I believe in the power of international connection through art.

Biljana Letić: Where do you get your inspiration for writing poetry?

Maja Milojković: I find inspiration in prayer, in people, in life itself, and of course, in the desire for what I write to reach the human heart.

Biljana Letić: You’re inspired by Leonardo da Vinci’s quote: “Painting is poetry that can be seen, and poetry is painting that can be heard.” How do you experience that – as expressing poetry from the soul in your own way, or as an artistic ‘painting’ of poetry that is heard?

Maja Milojković: For me, it’s both. I express the poetry of my soul in my own way, and at the same time, I paint it artistically through words so that it can be heard – felt – with the heart. That’s the magic of poetry: it transcends visual and auditory boundaries, becoming an emotion, a message, a presence.

Biljana Letić: When did you realize that poetry was your way of artistic expression? What are the most common messages you convey through your verses?

Maja Milojković: I wrote my first poem on November 20, 1993, the day before our family’s patron saint day (krsna slava), dedicated to Archangel Michael, which we celebrate on November 21.

Since 1997, I began writing actively, and the central themes of my work are love, spirituality, inner transformation, the transience of time, and reflections on life and death.

Biljana Letić: The association Rtanj and the Moon’s Poetic Circle is something you founded. What can you tell us about it?

Maja Milojković: It was my wish to gather poets from Zaječar for the first time, coming from Area Felix, the only co-ed poetry club, of which I am one of three founders. In 2018, we went to Rtanj at the invitation of Dr. Milan Mladenović and his wife, Sve Marija Romanova. At that moment, I decided to appoint my influential and dear friend as the president of the association.

It later became a tradition to gather at the Sokolski dom (Milandar) under Mt. Rtanj, hosted by our beloved friends. Last year, we edited an international poetry anthology with the influential Doctor of Philosophy, Pra Milan of Luzice. I brought together 116 authors from all continents, many of whom are my Facebook friends. The anthology was printed under the title “Rtanj Verses” by the first publishing house from Serbia, Sfairos, founded by Dr. Milan Mladenović.

Biljana Letić: How can readers find you on social media?

Maja Milojković: I’m active on Facebook, and I have a website under the name Area Feliks. I’m also the editor of the international magazine for creative literature and culture Area Felix.

Additionally, I’m the founder and vice president of the association Rtanj and the Moon’s Poetic Circle and the founder of the Facebook group of the same name, which currently has 800 members.

You can also find me on Instagram, or contact me via email at: areafelix019@gmail.com

Interview conducted by Biljana Letić from Australia for the portal Rasejanje.info

Maja Milojković was born in 1975 in Zaječar, Serbia. She is a person to whom from an early age, Leonardo da Vinci’s statement “Painting is poetry that can be seen, and poetry is painting that can be heard” is circulating through the blood. That’s why she started to use feathers and a brush and began to reveal the world and herself to them. As a poet, she is represented in numerous domestic and foreign literary newspapers, anthologies and electronic media, and some of her poems can be found on YouTube. Many of her poems have been translated into English, Hungarian, Bengali and Bulgarian due to the need of foreign readers. She is the recipient of many international awards. “Trees of Desire” is her second collection of poems in preparation, which is preceded by the book of poems “Moon Circle”. She is a member of the International Society of Writers and Artists “Mountain Views” in Montenegro, and she also is a member of the Poetry club “Area Felix” in Serbia.