ANNOTATION: Amir Temur's life, marches to China, family, election as "GREAT AMIR", connection with Islam, descendants, marches to IRAN AND CAUCASUS. 

KEY WORDS: China, "GREAT EMIR", Islamic religion, statesman. Amir Temur, Temur, Temurbek (full name Amir Temur ibn Amir Taragay ibn Amir Barqul) (April 9, 1336 - February 18, 1405) is really a great statesman of the century, a great Turkish general, strong, Mrs. Takin was the mother of Amir Temur, the founder of the centralized state, patron of science and culture. His father, Amir Taragai, was considered one of the elders of the Turkic Barlos clan and a notable leader of the Chigatoy clan. His great ancestors ruled in Kesh region. 

Therefore, Amir Temur's father, Amir Taragai, was invited once a year to the congress of elders of the country called by the khan on the banks of the Ili River, and he regularly participated in such gatherings. At the same time, according to Sharafuddin Yazdi's emphasis, he was "mushfiq and kind to the ulama, sulaha, and muttaqi, and used to go to their gatherings...". Taragaijan Piri Shamsuddin Kulol was especially deeply respected. Later, sheikh Kulol Amir was Temur's elder. Taragaybek died in 1405. Amir Temur had an older sister, Qutlugh Turkon, and a younger sister, Shirinbeka. They died before Timur and were buried in the mausoleums of the Shahi Zinda complex in Samarkand. "According to Mu'izz al-Ansab, Temur had three more brothers: Djuki, Olim Shaykh and Suyurgatmish. Temur had one uncle, his name was Balta. 

Amir Temur's youth was spent in Kesh. When he was seven years old, his father sent him to study. Amir Temur's youth from his childhood, under the supervision of special trainers, he was engaged in horse riding, hunting, archery, and various other exercises and military games. At the same time, Amir Temur grew up to be a skilled rider who can sort out vultures and a brave horse. and he was perceptive and extremely intelligent, he quickly understood the abilities, virtues, especially sincerity in people. Because of this, he was able to attract loyal friends from among his peers even in his teenage years. Idiku Temur, Saifuddinbek, Hindushah, Qarkara, etc.) gathered, trained together, took part in competitions, gradually became skilled and united into a military group, forming a military unit. Later, they rose to the rank of commander in the army of Amir Temur. 

Supporting Amir Temur's activities, he presented him with a big drum, a tabl and a yalov, a symbol of supreme authority. Undoubtedly, this event had great political significance. Because it was a symbol of royalty. Amir Temur understood this well. That is why, before reaching Balkh, he held a council with the emir and his followers in Orpuz region. Suyurgatmish, a descendant of Genghis Khan, was placed on the throne of the kingdom of Movarounnahr by the will of the majority and according to the laws of that time. Until the army of Amir Temur reached Balkh, new forces joined him along the way. At the same time, most of the emirs left Amir Husayn. Amir Husayn's troops were defeated in the battle, after a two-day siege, on April 10, 1370, Balkh sh. Amir surrendered to Temur. Amir Husayn was captured and executed. 

After this victory, Amir Temur married Sarai Mulkhanim, the daughter of Kazan Khan, the Genghisian ruler of Movarounnahr. Amir Temur received the title of "Koragon" i.e. "son-in-law of the Khan" due to his marriage to the Khan's daughter.On April 11, 1361, in the congress held with the participation of all the begs, emirs, governors of the regions and districts, Sayyids (godsons) of Termiz, as well as Amir Temur's comrades-in-arms and elder Sayyid Baraka, who had been with him since his youth, according to tradition, Suyurgatmish Khan from Genghis Khan was declared the ruler of the country. Amir Temur managed the power himself, he managed the power in the regions through his sons, grandsons and close amirs. Samarkand became the capital of Amir Temur's state, and in the summer of the same year, the city wall and fortress were restored, palaces and palaces were built. 

RELATIONSHIP WITH ISLAM 

Timur was a Sunni Muslim, probably belonging to the Naqshbandi Sufi, Hanafi school, which was influential in Mawarinnat. His chief official religious adviser and mentor was the Hanafi scholar Abd al-Jabbar Khorazmi. In Termiz, he was influenced by the teacher of Balkh leader Sayyid Baraka, who was buried with Temur in Gur-Amir. Hazrat Timur was known for his high regard for Ali and Ahl al-Bayt and has been recognized by various scholars for his pro-Shia stance. However, he also chastised the Shias for desecrating the memories of the Companions. 

Timur is also known to have attacked Shiites on the pretext of Sunnism, and at other times to have attacked Sunnis on religious grounds. Conversely, while Timur praised the Seljuk sultan Ahmad Sanjar for attacking the Ismailis at Alamut, Timur's own attack on the Ismailis at Anjudan was equally brutal. 

IRANIAN AND CAUCASIAN MARCHES 

However, Amir Temur was not satisfied with this. Soon he set himself the goal of marching on neighboring countries and peoples, subduing them and establishing a great centralized kingdom. During this period, the socio-political situation in the Golden Horde, Khorasan and Iran was very favorable for him. Amir Temur started his military campaign from Khurasan. In 1381, he captured Herat. Sarakhs, Jam and Qawsiya cities surrendered without a fight. Khurasan, especially its capital Herat, was strategically important and served as a bridge to Iran, Iraq, Syria and other countries. During the years 1381-84, Amir Temur occupied a large part of Iran. First (1381) Kalot, Turshiz and Sabzavor, then (1383) the fortresses of Zireh, Zova, Farah and Bust of Seistan, and in 1384 the cities of Amul, Sori, Sultania and Tabriz of Astrobad region and Azerbaijan were conquered. 

MARCHES TO CHINA 

After Amir Temur returned to Samarkand from Asia Minor, on November 27, 1404, he left Samarkand with 200,000 troops for a trip to China. However, Amir Temur's death in Otror (February 18, 1405) prevented the march on China. It is known that Amir Temur died in 1405 due to a severe cold. However, there are other reasons that accelerated the death of Amir Temur. According to Ibn Arabshah (written in 1436), as a result of a severe cold, "Temur fell ill with ibrida (a disease that weakens the body due to cold), and the doctors prepared for him to taste khamr arag, which contained warming substances, aromas and berries. 

According to the historian, Khondamir, Amir Temur's death Vodka prepared by doctors as a medicine made it faster. Khondamir writes in his work "Habib us-siyar": "...the owner encouraged vodka on this basis, ordered to bring him ore, although it looked like water, it was like fire in terms of quality. His Highness Sahibqiron drank vodka for two days and nights, but did not eat at all. That's why there was a change in the client. The doctors considered this change to be a sign of evil. They gave him a glass or two again, his temperature calmed down a little, but it seems that the wine affected his body and nature, and his temperature rose again. The owner's health has deteriorated.

At that time, this drink was used only in medicine, and its intoxicating function was not mastered. Hafiz Abru, the historian of that time, also writes that Temur's illness was aggravated and vodka was consumed in large quantities.[2] Although the news of Amir Temur's death was kept secret at first, soon this unpleasant news spread throughout the country. Amir Temur's body was brought to Samarkand and buried.

Numonova Fariza 
8th grade student of                    IDUM school 1,                Samarkan city. 

      I got used to it

The record of your expressions is complete.
I don't even remember your faces
Run away from my love
This is a long standing mistake.

Now I don't even want to leave the street without you
The ears will never hear your description.
All my dreams come true
Don't forget everything.

I used to rush only to you 
I used to dream of your smile
Now I regret every moment
Your mistakes are amazing lol.

Choriyeva Shaxrinoz Sherali's daughter is an 11th grade student of the 32 school in the Jondor district, Buxoro region.

Poems by Marina Pizzi

Translated into English by Maurizio Brancaleoni

From “Intimità delle lontananze” (“Intimate Distances”) (2004)

49

Deadly feedstuff

deserts of rules

multiple misdeeds

mocking snoots.

I descend the stairs of a splendid atelier

eaten up by the sun’s comedies

cats get flat out of slack

the shadowless gallows of cicadas,

a few meters away the new cemetery

(serving the

soul of future)

dishes out gendarmes sharp with bolt cutters.

From “Vigilia di sorpasso” (“Eve of Overtaking”) (2010)

39.

at the back of the job of resisting

the wind is called a swinging of blasphemous

sphynxes riding a broomstick.

rust soaring above the nape of the neck

forerunning confetti of death

I am. long face I shall not have your

love, but you’ll see I know how to resist

the partisan anecdote in the crag

of the eventide. choppy sea in the soul to see you

from under the case that approaches me dead.

From “Il cantiere delle parvenze” (“The Workshop of Semblances”) (2010)

42.

my theatre shortens I ride on others’ coat tails

in the havoc of the index by the hour,

other snake-like cases of heartache

when they announce that boredom lives

close to break-even with ash.

actually the angel’s play

babbles the impossible to the stones

the lyre stained with axe sewage.

to die of boredom like a tortoise

like the little girls in the hollow dunes

transported by the furies of the waves.

the crash of the virgins is a reddish

tide, demented the trip

with dizziness. in a wrinkled jacket I stand

and see you leave without engaged scratches.

I like to die holding a lantern

with a stash of iris overwhelming me

feeding my discontent by my side. what happened was

that I slit my wrists tomorrow, take off my clothes

I walk naked amid the cypresses that exalt

the dead by denouncing the nape of the neck of charity

fainted.

From “Cantico di stasi” (“Canticle of Stasis”) (2012)

6.

The window of discontent

along the courses of my sacrificing

the throng of the marsh. inside

the diamond I see the basket

of useless stigmata. I am long in suffering

this Martian of anxiety.

bootless the notes do not explain

the misfortune of moves without respect

the guiles containing the arrival

on the substitutions of the wind always against

the benefit of the all-standing lighthouse.

in competition with the winning swallow

may boredom withdraw which gives the cinereous staff

of the burden inside a reason to cry.

here one immolates the greed of contending

only downpours with vising drops.

in the hands of the surf’s mercy

the scoriae in one’s hands are the affection

of people who died in the garden of marvels

so they say in the tales of vanquished nuptial beds.

the soldier’s fear is the dynamiting

fence. here if you run away in a hurry

may luck open the wind and to hell with stinginess.

From “La cena del verbo” (“The Supper of the Word”) (2014)

31.

The struggle of dawn will cause my breasts to die

Torture gerund waiting at the world

To ask for peace without stealing anything

Neither the commas of the time passed

Nor the full stop ending a child conversation.

I train you as if you were an Olympic woman

Satiated panic without an affront

Nowadays there’s a Hercules driving the sin

I use up my coma on speakerphone

And clean out with the chorus of the fibs about

Gazing at God the beloved Jesus.

61.

Sluggish swamp the sea by now

It flirts with the lighthouse the last game

When children come to the sands

And strokes, locked up adrift, rot.

I shall be my construct in vain

The livid dawn of the one who often dies

Under the sindons of fingerprints.

A dream of you will be my eventide

The naked syllabary of the meek lighthouse

And the holy gazelles’ irenic messenger.

Sinister love the raft aches

This harrowing fate of dying

In the seesaw of the shadow or of the pitch dark.

Easter backpack to gaze at your face

To have a raft in the name of service

Refuge as the bad habit of running after each other.

Marina Pizzi is a contemporary Italian poet. She was born in Rome, where she still lives, on 5-5-55. In her literary career she has published over fifty books of poetry both on paper and in electronic format. Her poems have also appeared in various journals and anthologies.

Maurizio Brancaleoni is a writer and translator. He received his master’s degree in Language and Translation Studies from Sapienza University of Rome in 2018, but he has been translating at least since 2012. In recent years he localized the prose and poetry of manifold authors, among which Thomas Wolfe, Adrian C. Louis, Justin Phillip Reed, Jean Toomer, Dylan Thomas, Herman Melville, Scipione/Gino Bonichi and Amelia Rosselli. More poems by Marina Pizzi in English translation can be found here.

she had a true word or two for Master Nansen




the fragile axis of my Kirk Douglas moment




by now, I must've arm-wrestled the man from Cienfuegos over forty times




I'm a gremlin-on-the-wing type guy




hotel aquarium: the carp follow the slow movement of her hands




all day long
between my toes
ants exchanging hydrocarbons





stepping over the guard rail
introducing myself 
to a sycamore tree




in some dimension of spacetime, Robert Mitchum sneers




Rujing refused to wear his brocade robe
on the Great Way
to the Giant Eagle




three faces in the one parmureli




checking the box for morbid introspection




it's the High T'ang in Pittsburgh
sweeping the path
gazing at clouds



toss some cinnabar in that prayer you said you would say for me

Life

Life is like the hot season sweating the body 
And burning the green 
Life is like the rainy day’s lilies on the quiet lake
Or on the starry flowers journey the day’s moment
As if the dream the lightening feather
Life is like the birds flapping and chirping in the morning 
Saying ‘Good Bye’ to the darkness of the night
As if the world awakens with its new beauty and color 
Of the red crabs in the sea beach

Life is like the love’s dream
Lost in the other world staring the glimpse 
Life is nothing but a count of sorrows and sufferings
Sewing a lot of inner meaning 
Like the designed bed cover we lie to sleep
Life is nothing but a span of time
Talks to us so many things
Standing before to face the new challenges

Life is running so fast to meet the charm
Life is a drop of water
We seek at the time of thirst
Life finds out the glory with the life we love
Life rounds in always in love
Though life causes sometimes so many deaths in this earth.

Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh,
28 May, 2024.


Md. Mahbubul Alam is from Bangladesh. His writer name is Mahbub John in Bangladesh. He is a Senior Teacher (English) of Harimohan Government High School, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. Chapainawabganj is a district town of Bangladesh. He is an MA in English Literature from Rajshahi College under National University. He has published three books of poems in Bangla. He writes mainly poems but other branches of literature such as prose, article, essay etc. also have been published in national and local newspapers, magazines, and zines. 

He has achieved three times the Best Teacher Certificate and Crest in National Education Week in the District Wise Competition in Chapainawabganj District. He has gained many literary awards from home and abroad. His English writings have been published in an Synchronized Chaos International Magazine for seven years.  

SECRETS OF HAPPINESS AND SUCCESS

     Pedagogical technology is based on the use of new tools and information methods, their use, the correct introduction of pedagogical technologies in the educational process leads to the teacher acting as the main organizer or consultant in this process. This requires more independence, creativity and willpower from the teacher. Trainings conducted on the basis of pedagogical technology satisfy the desire of young people to express their attitudes to important life achievements and problems, and create an opportunity for them to think and justify their points of view. In order to achieve this, we need independent and free-thinking individuals who are able to absorb new information and evaluate their acquired knowledge by themselves.

        Therefore, the role and importance of modern teaching methods, interactive methods, and innovative technologies in the educational process of educational institutions is incomparable. Pedagogical technology and the knowledge and experience of their use in education ensure that students have knowledge and advanced skills.       

Its main criteria are informal debates, free presentation of educational material, independent reading, learning, conducting seminars, creating opportunities for students to take initiative, small group, large group, It consists of assignments, assignments, writing assignments, etc. computer communication) l On December 1, the next “Government Hour” was held in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis. In it, the deputies discussed the issue of “Education of the patriotic generation in general education schools, the work being carried out on the organization of the newly introduced subject of “Education”.

The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan has clearly and clearly shown the ways and principles of achieving the future in several speeches and pamphlets. In particular, such works as “Independence and spirituality”, “Uzbekistan on the threshold of the 21st century”, “The dream of a perfect generation” describe the spiritual renewal and development of society, issues of education, and the basic principles of social education.

The concept of education has different meanings in different periods of the nation’s history and society’s development and has been interpreted in different ways. After Uzbekistan gained independence, an approach based on a new healthy pedagogical thinking in the interpretation of education began to be decided. Now special attention is being paid to genetic and biological aspects of education and nationality. National education is closely related to the name of the nation and its history.

                                                    Khojamova Gulsevar Abdullajanovna

***
Тhe ridge of silence is strewn with thorns of crunchy dying leaves.  

***
Fire gives birth and kills
new perspectives

***
go(o)d morning
somebody need a reason
for a bee to buzz not so loudly

***
history of prisons teaches silence
killer becomes suicidal
the sky breathes snowy immortality
white as if no one died

***
Wheat of centuries
He was forcibly resettled he sowed and sowed until the very moment of resettlement
Collectivization of Soviet misfortune
Slavery of the collective farm boomerang
He was torn from his native land lay down in the wheat and choked on the aroma
So the years passed
We were all drowned like a Soviet village during industrialization
We are all choked by the scent of carnivores

***
We will all die from the needle of spring
No one understands how people who are still alive die inside themselves
We will all die from AIDS inhaling the scent of dead flowers
No one will help anyone to be lonely like the cry of a newborn
We will all die and no one will help us
Snow falls through a hole in my hand
Overdose on love
Nobody really loves anyone
Marijuanas needs needles powders wedding-rings
Each of us is dependent
Each of us is lonely
Each of us will die

Tattoo instead of skin
AIDS instead of eternal love
Light of a night star
And suddenly a stone void
We were all stones in our mothers belly before we were born
We all freeze daily in the cold winter
The black cemetery hides in the darkness of the night
White clouds envelop a white bird in snow

***
I've always had a crush on sexy comic book superheroes
I always burned stupid comics at the stake
I always burned my lonely heart at the stake
I was always looking for someone I could become a heart donor for
I always mixed my tears with sperm
I'm still not sure that people know how to love
Im still not sure Im human
I don't even know who I am
I'm just one letter without an alphabet
And under my bed is a bottomless cemetery

***
Kill me with your love
I have a lot to tell you

Heaven stumbles
The night rots

Revive me with water from snow and fire
The day turns to stone

Silence has a lot to tell you
And the last butterflies burn in the stomach of the executed summer

Death from the letters of a learned name
The stream of war ---- which the thirsty fill with their own blood

***
Black water flows down the cliff of a flat [as before] Earth
The piano of bones plays the plague saraband
And the moon above the heads of the trees turns red from the shame of the angels
God's feathered assistants again pressed the wrong button on the control panel
The cemetery flows down the pupil of memories
Boom boom
End of [hi]story

***
breakdown
catalysis
they will catch you

run 

fall down
fatalization
they will release you
into the emptiness of the waters-silence

***
the air is free
first spring butterfly died
silent trees drink sadness

***
winds shod a bird lost in the snow
the bird pecks lost in the wind

the world is blooming like a flower
dead pilots float out of the cloud-cemetery

death speaks the language of kittens
the abdominal cavity of the mother cat is like a fried frying pan
cat jesus is not dead
cat babies die
ok let them die
god-man again pressed the wrong veterinary button

***
feathers turn to fire
the sun turns into a bird
and sakura blossoms-rays

***
unhappy cloud shadow
trees embrace the sky
in spring joy