My Love Will Not


I can forget my memories but not you
I can lose everything but not my love
I can sell my world but not my heart
I can change the face of time but not dream
I can stop everyone but not you
See the flame of dream where love lives
See the wings of love where you fly
Ask your eyes about the seed of love
Planted in your heart before time
Touch the sky and hear my heartbeat 
Every beat tells the story of your existence 
I am not me for a moment without you
 You are everything in my life.
The seasons may change easily
The rivers may dry
Time can fly from here to there
The  hills may change their possession 
The night may be endless
The sun can not rise
The moon may sleep
But my love will not.

The Stages of the Emergence of Economic Terms in the Uzbek
Language and the Peculiarities of their Derivation

Khakimova Zamira Xurram qizi
Teacher at The Department of integrated course of English language №3Uzbekistan State World languages University

ABSTRACT
This article describes the origin and derivational characteristics of economic terms in the Uzbek language. Some terms are analyzed and compared with English economic terms.

The process of forming finance and economic terminology in the Uzbek language, which has a nine-century history of development, also goes back to a long history. This history includes three
periods. Most of the terms whose origin and development are studied below belong to the third period, that is, to the period after independence. The reason for this is the relative relevance of
the research of the terms that are current, in practice, and in circulation for specialists of this profession.

English terminology borrowed many words from Latin and French, Arabic and Persian languages lead the rich stage of Uzbek terminology. Cultural and political relations between these nations in ancient times have an important place in this. We can see the first examples of economic terms in the Uzbek language in “Devoni Lug’ati-turk” by Mahmud Kashgari, “Boburnoma” by Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, in the works of Alisher Navai, Ogahi, Yusuf
Khos Hajib. For example the terms below are taken from the work “Devoni Lug’ati-turk”:

“Og’ur” 1
(government)
“O’ro’nch”2
(a bribe)
“Sart”3
(merchant)
“Bergo’”4
(debt)

1 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-87
2 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the third volume p-451
3 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-328
4 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-403
Keywords: Economy, terminology, Latin, Russian, derivation, borrowing, affixation.

Received: November 29, 2022
Accepted: December 30, 2022
Published: January 31, 2023
Article Information

WEB OF SYNERGY:
International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
Volume 2 Issue 1, Year 2023 ISSN: 2835-3013
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Web of Synergy:International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN: 2835-3013
© 2023 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the
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219
And also several samples can be found in the works of Alisher Navoi.

For example: “naqdina” (cash) 5 , “mablag” (funds), “miqdor”6
(amount), “dastmoya” (working capital). Then the second period of development of Uzbek terminology began. During this period, under the influence of the occupation by Tsarist Russia, many terms came from the Russian language.

For instance: Blanka (form), veksel (promissory note), bank (bank), kassir (cashier), Tovar (commodity), taftishchi (inspector).
Economic terms in the Uzbek language have developed mainly on the basis of two sources. If the first is within the inner language capabilities, such as affixation, meaning transfer, meaning
expansion, semantic derivation are examples (jamg’arma-accumulation, ijarachi-tenant), the second method is borrowing from foreign languages, in which mainly Arabic and Persian-Tajik
languages until the 20th century, then Russian, and English after independence caused the enrichment of Uzbek treasury terminology.

When it comes to the characteristics of the terms formed through internal possibilities, it is seen that the concept represented by that term has existed in our language and way of life since ancient times. Example: trade – Arabic language The concepts expressed by terms formed through foreign assimilation are concepts that are new for the entire language as a result of development.

For instance:Auksion 7 (auction)-english word.
Below we will consider a diachronic study of several terms:
“Audit” 8 (audit)- borrowed word. It means “I hear” from the Latin language. Currently, it is used to check whether the financial statements of an enterprise or organization meet the specified
standards.

The same audit is conducted by someone who is well versed in finance and accounting. It is called “Auditor”. These terms were not directly transferred to the Uzbek language. It was transferred to English from Latin, and the form “Auditor” was formed as a result
of the addition of the personal suffix “-or” to the base “Audit”.

It should be mentioned that most of the terms related to finance and economy in the Uzbek language were not formed by derivational or other word formation methods and were transferred from other languages as such terms. The word “balance” is one of them. If the English word “balance” is translated as balance, in the treasury it means the balance between debit and credit, i.e. the inflow and outflow of money. As such, this word has been accepted into our language as an international word.

“Antimonopol”9 (antimonopoly)- the term “monopoly” was borrowed from the Russian language as an international word into the Uzbek language. The root of this word is Latin, in the form “monopolyum”, in Greek as “monopōlion”, in English as “monopoly” (from the 16th
century), in Russian as “monopoly”. It means sole domination in a certain type of trade. The prefix “anti-” in the Uzbek language imposes a negative meaning on nouns.

“Avans”10 (advance)- this word, which means advance payment, goes back to the Latin language. The word “abante”, which means “to move” or “promote” in Latin, was transferred to the French language in the form of “avanc” or “avancer”, which means to move forward. At the end of the eighteenth century, it was borrowed from French to Russian. From it to Uzbek. The meaning of giving part of the money in advance for the goods began to be noted in the 60s of the last century.

5 Alisher Navai “Hayrat ul-abror” p-80
6 Alisher Navai “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat” p-87
7 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A p-94
8 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A 93-bet
9
Idum.uz “Iqtisodiyotga oid atamalar”
10 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A 6-bet
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ISSN: 2835-3013

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220

“Buxgalteriya”11 (accounting)-. This word, which entered the Uzbek language through the Russian language, represents the practice of accounting. But it is not a Russian word itself.

Translated from German to Russian. The German words “das Buch” – book and “halter” – lifter were combined to form the word “book lifter”.

“Dotatsiya”12(subsidy)-in latin “dotatio” means gift. He switched from Latin to English, from English to Russian and then to Uzbek. It means non-refundable financial aid.

“Hisobot”13(report)- the word “hisob” is a word from the Arabic language. it represents the representation and designation of numbers. The noun-forming suffix “-ot” was added to the root
of the word “hisob” and the term “hisobot” appeared. The word “hisobot” is not only an economic term, but is also widely used in general terms. If it represents a summary of the work done in general, it is a statement of the operations performed during the previous period or quarter in the financial sector.

“Kassa”14(checkout)- department where money operations are carried out. It comes from the Italian word “cassa” which means box.
Although new terms have been borrowed from foreign languages along with new concepts in the Uzbek language, it has been seen that new terms have been created based on the borrowed terms
with extensive use of the affixation method. The fact that the Uzbek language is an agglutinative language is a factor in this.

Derivation serves as a method of terminological conceptualization of a field of language. Creation of terms is carried out according to the following classification parameters: lexicosemantic, borrowing, syntactic, morphological syntax.

Used literature:

1. Makhmud Koshgari “Devoni Lugati-turk 3 volumes “Fan” 1960
2. D.H.Pulatov, B.I.Nurmuhamedova “G’aznachilik” Toshkent 2014
3. Alisher Navai “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat”
4. Sh.N.Abdullayeva “ Tilshunoslikda terminologiya masalalariga oid nazariy qarashlar” 2019
   Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University
5. “O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati” 1981
6. A.Ulmasov, A.Vahobov “Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi” Tashkent 2014
7. Internet resources: Idum.uz “Iqtisodiyotga oid atamalar”

Anatomy of the Lemon: Placenta

First, a confession: I have eaten many of them. Countless.
Lemons are one of my favourite childhood foods,
and like oranges, I eat the columella for completion’s sake.
Completion? You ask. Well, it wasn’t OCD.
I looked up the anatomy and learned:
I eat lemons, pulps, placentas, and all.

Anatomical emphasis for frugivores: lemon is 0vary.
Not O like Orange but 0 like 0bl0ng, pr00f that
fruit is font and font is anatomy and anatomy is destiny.

Leafing aside the fallopian twigs, knotwithstanding arborisms…
The peel I rarely eat (they get ground up into cookies or icing or composted)
the 0rgan in the 0vary (((0))),
(note the nested hierarchy 
((I could have said ovarian organ)) 
Aristotelian qua peripatetic)
the 0rgan that seeds explaining stuttering wh00psie daisy-yellow uh-0

Lemon w0mb dissolves tooth enamel, the reversal of Freud’s V. dentata,
contributor to my adult dental erosion.
How could I have not known?
Ironically, lemons dissolved, drip by acidic drop, my baby teeth, too slowly to see.
They fell out before they fell apart.
Witness! The false security from not living the recurring nightmare of teeth falling out.
Watch! The geological parallels of sleepily grinding Alps into Appalachians,
revealing sedimentary mineral layers and geode cavities.
As always, childhood is one step faster than fate, 
	(lemon-eating kids getting away with it)
adulthood is always one more step further into it,
	(we live with the consequences of eating delightful acids)
and both blindfolds of age
 are both sides of the same 0blivi0us unseeing desire for lemons.

For me, the lengths of lifetimes were measured in teeth.
The hourglass that flipped from one stage to the other
was a yellow 0.



Amoeba is an Astronomer

under whose microscopes we sleep in stabbing light
-Marc di Saverio (2020). Crito Di Volta, 31.

Amoeba has spent hours measuring 
the distance between illuminator and aperture. 
Pseudopods akimbo, trying different contractile vacuoles
as lenses, the protoplasm imagines formulae.

Amoeba has to explain gravity.
Gravity makes no sense to a creature with no up, down, or direction.
But there is a “below” now, unlike the tumult of pond scum.
The illuminator proves there is such thing as “direction”
and beyond that, Amoeba cannot see.
The between-space between slides, though, 
has different textures of dimensionality than pond scum.
There are limits where the light of the illuminator
begins to glare against two transparent boundaries.

Amoeba, and the rest of them, let the light shine through.
Their bodily images become artworks on the upper slide.
Images of themselves pass through the glass transparency.
Amoeba decides that the slide sky has constellations
describing life on the slides. The life can organize themselves,
even organize each other, and create narratives out of their images.
Amoeba is the opposite of an astrologer:
what happens inside the world determines what is written on the sky.

The opposite of illuminator is oculus.
Oculus changes distance, and does so all-of-a-sudden.
Amoeba’s endoplasmic flow and search for prey
are two ways to measure velocity.
Amoeba wishes for parallax.
What is between the slide and the oculus?
Maybe there are two spheres, illuminator and oculus,
nested between them is a crystalline horizon.
Amoeba is an Aristotle.
Amoeba lives for van Leuwenhoek’s cosmology, Galileo’s imagination.



Birds Look at the Time

My spade is the earth
and my hands turn the spade.
Five minutes of sunlight
turn my shadow five minutes east.
Clouds cast shadows.
Castes of birds fly between tree tiers.
My spade turns over,
more dirt turns over,
another brown bird hops near me
and peers into the dirt.

Sap of deadly nightshade on my hands.
I remember not to touch my eyes.
Clouds shade me 
but can’t shade me from pollen.
Intermittent sun must change 
the colour of my eyes
but I cannot see it.
My spade is on the ground
beside some dirt
and I am not yet done with it.

Every bird has black eyes today
but somehow manage to reflect me.
From where is the black in their eyes reflected?
My eyes are also not mirrors
But I see the birds and they look at me.
My spade is on the ground beside a brown songbird.
The songbird looks at me and does not sing.
Another bird flies over me and sings,
Although it does not look down at me.
If they are waiting for me and my part,
they must be satisfied with me picking up my spade
and turning over more dirt.


Terry Trowbridge's poems have appeared in Synchronized Chaos before. He is grateful to the Ontario Arts Council for his first two writing grants. 

Cows Coming Home with Portrait of the Artist in a Sideview Mirror

“You say you want a revolution”
Adrian Brody on the set of The Pianist
“Both thrilling and disturbing when you see your own son
	can conjure ghosts”
Blown-up Soviet barracks in East berlin used to represent 
	Poland in WWII
Striped pajamas on hangars framed against windowlight, Dachau
Office telephone on a desk in Stasi headquarters, former East Berlin
Political prisoners in TV drama, Budapest
Extra on the set of a musical film about Collectivism, Your Rigged Life
“It’s for you” photo of a disconnected line hanging from a telephone pole
In a dream, the sleeping car compartment Jung emerged from
Single flower stuck into the snow on snow covered grave with headstone 
	elaborate carving of a young girl holding bouquet of flowers.
Watching the dismantling of a paper mâché statue of Stalin 1989
Toppled, wrecked statues, from heroes row, as junk
Déjà vu all over again
Pretend execution of two teenage boys up against the Berlin Wall
Mother’s warning to daughter after collapse of Communism 1990,
	“Beware, things will get worse.”
Was she right?
Empty picture frame on a bureaucrat’s wall formerly reserved for a
	portrait of Marshall Tito, Belgrade
Marina, a porn actress getting a manicure watched by a fascinated 
	young girl
Lighting candles for the dead 40th anniversary of Hungarian Revolution
 

Scrambled Rice (Stan), Annotated

Small Self-portrait (Prototype for Anne’s vampire?)
Cave Wall Late 20th Century (The Internet of things)
The Lighter Side of War
Demon and Cherubs at Play
“A painter paints to unload himself of feeling and visions”
Said Picasso
Two Hell’s Angels Taking Christ Down from the Cross While
	Drinking Wine in California with a Mule
Ascending Oranges
Narcissus in Heat
Head du Jour (Christ in a crock pot)
Busts (like death masks) (Not tits, busts)
Visitation of the Wisemen (The Nightmare)
Hitler Denies to Six Million Jews the Watermelon of Life
Adam and Eve Riding from Eden on Beasts
Public Dance (Like early David Lynch experimental films)
Guerilla Penetrated by Projectile Clown (see the Lighter Side of War)
Woman with a Wooden Indian
Satyrs Dancing
Dogs fighting at Paris Carnival
Day 1 ( of the Autocracy with out of focus TV screen shot 
	of Big Brother)
Rooster Mistakenly Sent in as a Linebacker
“You’re Innocent When You Dream” (after Tom Waits)
Nine Attempts to Paint Hitler as a Baby (“after trying unsuccessfully 
	eight times; you get only rats, then the baby”)
Rembrandt Departing by Limo
De Kooning refusing an honorary academic degree said, “I can’t 
	see myself as an academic. I think of myself as a song and 
	dance man”
Don’t Believe Everything You Read (printed in Bold on a canvas
	titled “Recline Nude.” There is no nude figure)

 

Mary Woronov

Self-describes as “a rat in the sewer of popular culture”
(she’s) the sweet and sour chicken on our cosmic mine
(An) Exploding Plastic Inevitable
Mary Bland 
Eating Raoul
Dancing Mary
Singing Mary
Mary Wonderly
Mary Woronov
Rock ‘n Roll High School
Death Race 2000
Fur Coat in Florida
Life Studies Without Models
First the paintings, then the stories
Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills
Secrets of the Chambermaid
Where Sleeping Dogs Lie
Blue and Brittle
Boy Dares Car to Run Over His Girlfriend
Hollywood Hangover
Uneasy Rider
One Night Stands
Red Death
Anxiety, Grief, Depression, Pain
At first, the picnic looked like an after-lunch massacre
Giant black cinders floated from the sky onto California snow
(A) Wake for the Fallen Angels

 
Hawkes’ Hell’s Angels, The Cannibal

“The night was so black that the red lights from the hatches
	of his tanks would have reflected against the clouds
	and brought death.”
“It was years since the people had stopped talking.”
“The child ran all the faster when the light went out in the
	butcher shop.”
“…jewels of tin cans littered the indefinable yards without
	lawns or bushes.”
“She wondered how the strange wild cannibals on tropical
	islands or on the dark continent, running with white 
	bones in their hair, in the shimmering sand, could
	bear, in only their feathers, this terrible sun.”
“Behind them one of the chickens began to scream and a
	speck appeared in the sky.”
“The policeman’s call faded into nonsense.”
“He was in the presence of the white lady of the other world.”
“The dark angel stood in the doorway cutting off the candlelight
	from the other world.”
“How peculiar, the wooden man and fleshless God, they kept
	company.”
“In Winter Death steals through the doorway sending for both
	young and old and plays for them in his court of law.”
“At last, the rats and the monkeys died.”
“Their bodies were strewn over the main grounds, and since 
	they froze, they looked life like, tangled together in 
	the snow.”
“It was difficult keeping the patients from the heaps of small black
	corpses.”


 
On Assignment for Joseph Pulitzer, Nellie Bly’s, 
	Ten Days in a Madhouse

“I felt a quixotic desire to help them by sympathy and presence.”
“Could I pass a week in the insane ward at Blackwell’s Island?
	(later renamed Welfare Island) I could, I would, I did.”
“How will you get me out?”
“The more sanely I talked and acted the crazier I was thought
	to be.”
“The woman had a hideous nightmare. She had been dreaming
	of me.” 
“It is only after one is in trouble that one realizes how little 
	sympathy and kindness there are in the world.”
“People on charity should not expect anything and should nit 
	complain.”
“The eating was one of the most horrible things.”
“Choking and beating patients”
“It’s a crime to lock people up and freeze them.”
“She would talk into steam heaters or get up on a chair and talk
	out the window.”
“You don’t need to expect any kindness here, for you won’t get it.”
“Promenading with lunatics.”
“How will you get me out?”
“My face was the brightest he had ever seen in a lunatic.”

Shroud 

You toiled in that suffering death 
to which no one has consented, 
it because death is an open wound, 
with death in passing death. 

And the eternal moment of life is an opal 
the apple, the serpent and sin are the original 
consented by Adam and Eve to be reborn 
like blood that is not made of water and flows. 
You embodied an idea in your watch, 
the prayers of the man who prayed, 
relic of culture and holy sacred religions 
they created holograms from a cloud. 
Believers worship icons, statues 
and clouds with human incarnations, 
when fear dominates pure thought 
as an artificial myth that has eroded consciousness.

BIOGRAPHY

Lidia Popa was born in Romania in the locality of Piatra Șoimului, in the county of Neamț, on 16th April, 1964. She finished her studies in Piatra Neamț, Romania with a high school diploma and other administrative courses, where she worked until she decided to emigrate to Italy. 

She has been living for 23 years and worked in Rome as part of the wave of intellectual emigrants since the fall of the Berlin Wall.
She wrote her first poem at the age of seven. She is a poet, essayist, storyteller, recognized in Italy and in other countries for her literary activities. She collaborates with cultural associations, literary cenacles, literary magazines and paper and online publications of Romanian, Italian and international literature. She writes in Romanian, Italian and also in other languages as an exercise in knowledge. 

BOOKS

She has published her poems in six books:
in Italy:
1. " Point different ( to be ) " - ed. Italian and
2." In the den of my thoughts ( Dacia ) " - ed. bilingual Romanian/ Italian Aletti Editore 2016,
3.“ Sky amphora " - ed. bilingual Romanian/ Italian Edizioni Divinafollia 2017,
in Romania:
4. " The soul of words" ed. bilingual Romanian/ Albanian Amanda Edit Verlag 2021,
5." Syntagms with longing for clover " ed. Romanian, Editura Minela 2021.
6." The Voice interior " Lidia Popa and Baki Ymeri ed. bilingual Romanian/Italian, Amanda Edit Verlag 2022.

Her poems featured in more than 50 literary anthologies and literary magazines on line from 2014 to 2023 in Italy, Romania, Spain, Canada, Serbia, Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Liban,USA,etc.
Her poems are translated into Italian, French, English, Spanish, Arabic, German, Bangladesh, Portuguese, Serbian, Urdu, Dari, Tamil, etc.
Her writings are published regularly with some magazines in Romania, Italy and abroad.
She is a promoter of Romanian, Italian and international literature, and is part of the juries of the competitions.
She translates from classical or contemporary authors who strike for the refinement and quality of their verses in the languages: Italian, Romanian, English, Spanish, French, German, stating that "it is just a writing exercise to learn and evolve as a person with love for humanity, for art, poetry and literature ".

SHE IS
*Member of the Italian Federation of Writers (FUIS)
*Honorary member of the International Literary Society Casa Poetica Magia y Plumas Republic of Colombia,
*Member of Hispanomundial Union of Writers (Union Hispanomundial de Escritores) (UHE) and Thousands Minds For Mexico (MMMEX)
*President UHE and MMMEX Romania, August 21, 2021
*She had come power of attorney Vice-president UHE Romania, Mars18, 2021- August 21, 2021
*President UHE and MMMEX Romania, August 21, 2021
*Counselor from Italy for Suryodaya Literary Foundation Odisha India,
*Director from Italy for Alìanza Cultural Universal (ACU) Argentina
*Member Motivational Strips Oman,a member of numerous other literary groups at the level internationally,
*Director of Poetry and Literature World Vision Board of Directors (PLWV) Bangladesh
*Membership of ANGEENA INTERNATIONAL NON PROFIT ORGANISATION of Canada
International Peace Ambassador of The Daily Global Nation International Independent Newspaper from Dhaka Bangladesh - 2023
*Founder literary group Lido dell'anima with LIDO DELL'ANIMA AWARDS
*Founder LIDO DELL'ANIMA Italian magazine
*Founder SILVAE VERBORUM INTERNATIONAL multilingual magazine
*Founder literary currently #homelesspoetry
etc.

THE COVETED YELLOW TEA SET

Oh the old teacup handle broke today
Quite accidentally I am sad to say
Because it was the family treasure
Only used in small measure

Oh what a  pleasure it had been
As a child to have gazed at the yellow set
From the glass mirror of the cabinet
Nose squashed against the glass with longing eyes

Eyes wide with dreamy sighs 
Of using the coveted yellow tea set some day
Which didn't come in my parents’ time
Finally gifted to my daughter many years down the line 

Hence, dear friends, before the dust catches it all
Use the beautiful sari which still hangs in the cupboard many years’
Or the red T-shirt which lies untouched
Or soon you’ll  feel shy to wear a colour so bold

Do you hoard waiting for a suitable day?
A dress, a shirt, an event or travel?
Do not tary, dear friend, time is short, 
You may never use that old treasured thing you bought

Or visit that favourite place
Or say those loved words
Time swishes past 
Like sand in an hour glass doesn’t last!


Sushama Kasbekar