Abstract

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over supply difficulties, exhaustion of energy resources and heavy environmental impacts (ozone layer depletion, global warming, climate change, etc.). The global contribution from buildings towards energy consumption, both residential and commercial, has steadily increased reaching figures between 20 and 40% in developed countries, and has exceeded the other major sectors: industrial and transportation.

Growth in population, increasing demand for building services and comfort levels, together with the rise in time spent inside buildings, assure the upward trend in energy demand will continue in the future. For this reason, energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at regional, national and international levels. Among building services, the growth in HVAC systems energy use is particularly significant (50% of building consumption and 20% of total consumption in the USA). This paper analyzes available information concerning energy consumption in buildings, and particularly related to HVAC systems.

Many questions arise: Is the necessary information available? Which are the main building types? What end-uses should be considered in the breakdown?

Comparisons between different countries are presented specially for commercial buildings. The case of offices is analyzed in deeper detail.

Keywords 

Building energy use, HVAC consumption, Air conditioning consumption. 

1. World energy use

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over supply difficulties, exhaustion of energy resources and heavy environmental impacts (ozone layer depletion, global warming, climate change, etc). The International Energy Agency has gathered frightening data on energy consumption trends. During the last two decades (1984-2004) primary energy has grown by 49% and CO2 emissions by 43%, with an average annual increase of 2% and 1.8% respectively (Figure 1).

Current predictions show that this growing trend will continue. Energy use by nations with emerging economies (Southeast Asia, Middle East, South America and Africa) will grow at an average annual rate of 3.2% and will exceed by 2020 that for the developed countries (North America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand) at an average growing rate of 1.1% (Figure 2). The case of China is striking, taking only 20 years to double its energy consumption at an average growing rate of 3.7%.

Interesting consequences can be obtained from the analysis of the trend of main world energy indicators [1] between 1973 and 2004 (Table 1): (1) the rate of population growth is well below the GDP, resulting in a considerable rise of per capita personal income and global wealth, (2) primary energy consumption is growing at a higher rate than population, leading to the increase of its per capita value on 15.7% over the last 30 years,

(3) CO2 emissions have grown at a lower rate than energy consumption showing a 5% increase during this period, (4) electrical energy consumption has drastically risen (over two and a half times) leading to a percentage increase in final energy consumption (18% in 2004),

(5) efficiency in exploiting energy resources, shown as the relation between final and primary energy, has declined by 7 percentage points, especially due to soaring electrical consumption, and (6) final and primary energy intensities have dropped because of the higher rate of growth of the GDP over the energy consumption increasing ratio, resulting in an overall improvement of the global energy efficiency. 

These figures confirm the relationship linking energy consumption with economic development and population growth, and question global policy attempts to invert this trend by increasing energy efficiency (including renewable and green technologies).

Globalization, improvement of living conditions in emerging regions and the development of communication networks, promote developed nations’ life style and raise energy needs to consumption patterns that, without doubt, will exhaust fossil fuels and will produce a serious environmental impact. In this sense, current energy and socio-economic systems are definitively unsustainable. 

2. Energy consumption in buildings

Final energy consumption is usually shown split into three main sectors: industry, transport and ‘other’, including in the last-named, agriculture, service sector and residential. This makes it considerably difficult to gather information about building energy consumption. For example, energy consumption in buildings other than dwellings constitutes a fraction of the services shared within the ‘other’ key sector.

Considering its overall significance in developed countries (buildings account for a 20 to 40% of the total final energy consumption), we believe it should be accounted for independently and become the third main sector, broken down, at least, for domestic and non-domestic buildings.

Growth in population, enhancement of building services and comfort levels, together with the rise in time spent inside buildings, have raised building energy consumption to the levels of transport and industry (Table 2). Especially significant is the reduction of the ratio of industry (9 points) and the expansion of ‘other’ (6 points) due to buildings.

The term “other sectors” is ambiguous and produces great confusion. Many international, national and regional sources, include different end uses within this concept, which makes any sort of comparison difficult. Looking to the evolution (Figure 3) and importance (Table 3) of building energy consumption, we conclude:

(1) In the UK building energy consumption has increased at a rate of 0.5% per annum, which is slightly below the European figure of 1.5%. In contrast building energy consumption in Spain is increasing at a rate of 4.2% per annum, well above both the European and the North American (1.9%) rate. Reasons can be found in the economic growth, expansion of the building sector and the spread of building services, especially Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems.

(2) In 2004, building consumption in the EU was 37% of final energy, bigger than industry (28%) and transport (32%). In the UK, the proportion of energy use in building (39%) is slightly above the European figure. This is in part due to the shift away from heavy industry towards service sector activities. In contrast the figure for Spanish buildings is only 23%, 14 points below Europe, and expected to rise strongly as economic growth lead to convergence with the European average. 

The service sector, which covers all commercial and public buildings, includes many types of buildings (schools, restaurants, hotels, hospitals, museums…) with a wide variety of uses and energy services (HVAC, domestic hot water (DHW), lighting, refrigeration, food preparation, etc.). Growth both economical and in population, increases the demand of services (health, education, culture, leisure, etc) and the energy consumption. In USA, energy consumption in the service sector has expanded from 11 to 18% from the 1950s. In the UK, service energy use in 2004 accounted for around 12% of all final energy use, similar to the EU average (11%).

By contrast the Spanish figure was only 8% but it is reporting massive increases and has been multiplied by 2.5 between 1980 and 2000.

In the residential sector, size and location are key factors for energy consumption. Small flats need less energy as there is less conditioned and transfer area, and also less occupation. The amount and type of energy used in dwellings are mainly related to weather, architectural design, energy systems and economic level of the occupants. By and large, dwellings in developed countries use more energy than those in emerging economies and it is expected to continue growing due to the installation of new appliances (air conditioners, computers, etc). In USA, dwellings consume 22% of the total final energy use, compared with 26% in the EU. The UK figure is 29%, well above the Spanish 15% mainly due to a more severe climate and building type (predominance of independent houses over blocks). 

The EIA, in its International Energy Outlook [2], analyses and forecasts future trends in building energy consumption (Figure 4). Energy use in the built environment will grow by 34% in the next 20 years, at an average rate of 1.5%. In 2030, consumption attributed to dwellings and the non-domestic sectors will be 67% and 33% respectively (approximately). Spread in Southeast Asian, and therefore, the growth of construction will boost energy demand on the residential sector. Forecasts predict that both developed and non-developed economies will be balanced in the use of energy in dwellings by 2010. Economic, trading and population growth in emerging economies will intensify needs for education, health and other services, together with the consequential energy consumption. It is expected that energy consumption in the service sector in non-developed countries will be doubled in the next 25 years, with an annual average growth rate of 2.8%.

3. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)

The proliferation of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the built environment has made energy efficiency and savings strategies a priority objective for energy policies in most countries. A clear example is the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) [3]. Especially important has been the intensification of energy consumption in HVAC systems, which has now become almost essential in parallel to the spread in the demand for thermal comfort, considered a luxury not long ago. It is the largest energy end use both in the residential and non-residential sector, comprising heating, ventilation and air conditioning. 

Its predominance is obvious when it is compared with other end uses. For dwellings (Table 4) it represents about half the energy consumption more than doubling that for DHW. For non domestic buildings, IDAE [4] estimates HVAC energy consumption to be around 48%, still lower than the 57% in the USA, and similar to figures from other sources [5]. At the European level, the weight of HVAC is unknown; however, many sources show a significant increase in the use of air conditioning, especially in Southern countries (Spain and Italy accounts for more than 50% of the European market), creating serious supply difficulties during peak load periods. 

In Europe, data produced by the administration at national, regional or local levels is insufficient to efficiently plan future energy policies for buildings and to coordinate measures to address each of the end uses. Analysis by sectors, as those produced by the EIA for residential [6] and commercial buildings [7] should be funded by governments, so that a comprehensive database of the building stock (type, area, location, age…) and energy parameters (consumption, expenditures, fuels, end uses…) can be the basis for future planning. 

By and large, HVAC consumption in developed countries accounts for half the energy use in buildings and one fifth of the total national energy use. Moreover, predictions indicate a massive growth in energy consumption and conditioned area in the EU [9] during the next 15 years, increasing approximately in 50%.

4. Non-domestic buildings

In non-domestic buildings, the type of use and activities make a huge impact on the quality and quantity of energy services needed. However, few sources offer data by typology and there is not consensus on a universal classification, which makes the analysis extremely difficult. After revising several sources, some general conclusions may be reached:

(1) In the UK energy consumption in this sector has stabilised somewhat in recent years, with increases in floor area and increased servicing levels being offset by increases in efficiency. Across the rest of Europe energy consumption in the commercial sector grows at a higher rate than other sectors due predominantly to the expansion of HVAC systems in new buildings [10]. In the UK new build rates in the service sector are typically around 2%, whilst in Spain the average annual rate of growth from 2000 is 6.1%, and forecasts show that this will continue increasing. In 2003, this sector was accounting for 12% of the total energy consumption compared to USA (18%) and equal to EU (11%). Energy policies have focused on the residential and industrial sectors and have tended to overlook the service sector, despite its highest growing rate.

(2) Office and retail are the most energy intensive typologies typically accounting for over 50% of the total energy consumption for non-domestic buildings. Hotels and restaurants, hospitals and schools follow. (Table 5)

 (3) HVAC is the main end use with a weight close to 50%, lighting follows with 15% and appliances with 10%. Building type is critical in how energy end uses are distributed (Figure 5) and in their energy intensity (Table 6). This makes it essential to develop independent studies by building types.

5. Office Buildings

Within the commercial sector, office buildings are, together with retail, those with the biggest consumption and CO2 emissions. In USA offices account for 17% of total non domestic area and about 18% of the energy use, equivalent to a 3.2% of the total consumption. In Spain, they account for a third of the commercial sector energy consumption and almost 2.7% of total energy consumed and in the UK for 17% of energy consumption and 2% of total energy use. Therefore, it is advisable to start the commercial analysis with office buildings. Other reasons, supporting energy surveys for this typology are:

(1) The substantial increase of total built area of office buildings due to the economical prosperity with many new business developments in mayor city outskirts [11]. During 1990-2000, 9.3 Mm² were built in Spain, with no reliable information on the total built area. In USA, per capita area is about 4 m², well above the European figure of 2 m²/per.

In the UK the total floor area of offices has increased by around 4% between 2000 and 2005.

(2) The amount of artificial lighting required, IT equipment use and air conditioned area have steadily increased. In Spain, more than 90% of companies use IT equipment and virtually all new offices are conditioned. Even in mild weather as in the UK more than half of new offices are conditioned.

(3) It is a typology quite uniform across the building stock, both in envelope and building services, with three key energy end uses, HVAC, lighting and appliances, adding up together to about 85% of the total.

6. Conclusions

Energy consumption of buildings in developed countries comprises 20 to 40% of total energy use and is above industry and transport figures in EU and USA. However, available information is clearly insufficient and not proportional to its importance. It is not considered as an independent sector and there is a lack of consistent data which makes it difficult to understand the underlying changes that affect energy consumption in this sector. It is essential to make available comprehensive building energy information to allow suitable analysis and efficiently plan energy policies for the future.

In that respect, studies developed by the EIA on the energy consumption of residential and commercial buildings in the USA are a valuable reference.

Proliferation of energy consumption and CO2 emissions on the built environment have made energy efficiency strategies a priority for energy policies developing new building regulations and certification schemes which now include minimum requirements. With the consolidation of the demand for thermal comfort, HVAC systems (and its associated energy consumption) have become an unavoidable asset, accounting for almost half the energy consumed in buildings, and around 10 to 20% of total energy consumption in developed countries. 

The growing trend in building energy consumption will continue during the coming years due to the expansion of built area and associated energy needs, as long as resource and environmental exhaustion or economic recession allows it. Private initiative together with government intervention through the promotion of energy efficiency, new technologies for energy production, limiting energy consumption and raising social awareness on the rational use of energy will be essential to make possible a sustainable energy future.

References

[1] International Energy Agency. Key World Energy Statistics, 2006.

[2] Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2006. U.S.

Department of Energy, June 2006.

[3] Directive 2002/91/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16

December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings, 2002.

[4] Ministerio de Economía. Estrategia de ahorro y eficiencia energética en

España 2004-2012. Noviembre 2003.

[5] Pérez-Lombard, L., Adnot, J., Ortiz, J. A. and Rivière, P. HVAC systems

energy comparisons for an office building. Proceedings of Climamed. Lisbon,

2004. 

[6] Energy Information Administration. Residential Energy Consumption Survey

(RECS). U.S. Department of Energy, 2001.

[7] Energy Information Administration. Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey (CBECS). U.S. Department of Energy, 2003.

[8] Instituto para la diversificación y Ahorro de la energía (IDAE). Eficiencia

Energética y Energías Renovables (Nº 8). Madrid, octubre de 2006.

[9] EECCAC (Energy Efficiency and Certification of Central Air Conditioners)

project for the Directorate General Transportation-Energy of the Commission

of the European Union. Final report. April 2003.

[10] Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio. La Energía en España 2005.

Madrid 2006.

Poems

***
no one except the ground 
knows how tired trams say goodbye 
to each other

***
a hungry belly 
gives birth to a rifle

***
The sky is moving
The ant's gaze falls into the suggestion of life
Failure of life after adulthood

Older children are moving into the abyss
The abyss from which it all began

The iron tooth of a smile haunts the blind
The ash sketch of a heart beats like a real one

Who fell into whose life at that moment when a billion natural coincidences came together?
Gender, age, physical (etc...) contingencies of thought over the abyss of existence
Examination of immediacy, a patch of eyes, a rush of touch
And overhead the sky is in continuous motion

Reprint by WordCity Literary Journal
 
***
Handsome boy playing games
Here will be a checkpoint of childhood
Here will be parting with illusions
There will be grass of hearts
There will be a teddy bear like das tod
 
Women's hands do not bake bread for him
A lover or mistress will not make him happy
A boy is playing a game of war in a game of disappearance

Reprint by WordCity Literary Journal

***
Restoration of the sand from which we molded the largest palace
The last moment before parting
 
Bergmanian is leaning against the blue sky
Peonies of views became a dream of tired palms
And above the heads of the trees appears the trunk of antiquity
Thus begins the wild sunset of the little hearty sun

Reprint by WordCity Literary Journal

***
grapes ripen
pupils (eyes) learn 
to recall the past

Reprint by Ranger magazine

***
Аgony
АgonyАgony
АgonyАgonyАgony
АgonyАgonyАgonyАgony
АgonyАgonyАgonyАgonyАgony
АgonyАgonyАgonyАgonyАgonyAgony
Аnd then the skin turns to dust like jesus never existed

Reprint by Ranger magazine

***
eating pudding 
is the same 
as what one 
can do
іn an unknown war
.?!+=[]<<€£¥$₽*%
(but it's free)

***
Green multi-meaning people
The last viola adjacent to the heart of the air coffin
Someone was knocking on the door of every house that night
Everyone was knocking on the door of some house that night
In order to light a candle of hope in the window
Forever

Reprint by Slant


***
Everyone likes you so much that it feels like you're dying
Wild dog masks instead of faces and their own bones are gnawed for dinner
Dog masks of tenderness insomnia of honor
How often are wars called just?
How often do we fight for our own love?

Reprint by Slant

***
Smile to the hidden camera
The gas chambers are the tuning forks of death
The art of escaping in time
The art of being invisible
Inexorable time: instead of a walk in the parks, I end up on a photo session of police surveillance cameras

Reprint by Slant

***
Constitution of meaning
The existence of life for the sake of the existence of the grave

Beyond the grave —
Nothing from which 
Everything began

Reprint by Slant

***
Dancing in the silence
The silence of the movements 
Is inevitable
A shovel digs out the plague

Reprint by Slant

***
Red triangles pop up in front of my eyes
A bird graveyard grows under the bed

What message is carefully carried like a twig in the beak of a bird?
How many cemeteries would it take to justify all the wars in the world?

***
The sea is like grief
We are all rowers
We are all drowners

Water counts its quantity
We are all counted
We are all (united?) units

We floated up from the bottom to start drowning

***
The tree plays with its branches
The tree plays with other people's children
The tree becomes a home for the birds

Can a person become a home for someone?

***
A dog walks in the woods just to be a dog
Grass asking ass about shit
And glass of silence is woven into the conversation

Nobody picks up after a dog that doesn't have an owner
Grass doesn't care
The grass can take anything

The dog wants to die
Вut won't


***
1
I leave the black room and see the night
There are no butterflies visible outside or inside the stomach
Only black figures surround everything around
The cold dissolves after turning on the heater
[That's what I call the sun now]
I haven't seen the sun for a long time
And my grandmother will never see anything again

2
I have a few hours left before the apartment doors are locked. Outside.

3
Nobody will come
Nobody's coming back
Nobody will rise again
There's not enough air for anyone
No one has enough love

4
The glass against which the bird is pressed is silent
I conduct the notes of silence

The grass warmed by silence grows
Music turns into vapor

5
Oak trees say nothing at night
However, just like during the day

My hands are overgrown with leaves
I'm full of humility

Reprint by Ice floe press



Dead daughter

What would I say to my daughter when war broke out?

Perhaps people are animals, but with the difference that people kill even when they are not hungry. Why kill a man if you can't eat his meat?

Perhaps I would have told my daughter that she is an adult and must form her own attitude toward what is going on.

Perhaps I could tell the world history of wars, if history were not a whore.

Perhaps I would have tried to explain scientifically what was going on.

Perhaps I would have said that over the course of thousands of years the human brain has degenerated and shrunk in size faster than it had previously grown in size for hundreds of thousands of years.

Perhaps I would be silent.

Perhaps I would have taken a piece of paper and drawn a human being in the shape of a bird. Surely, I would have drawn a cage for the bird.

Perhaps I would have bought a dummy gun at the market and pointed it at my own daughter to explain what is exploding outside the window.

Perhaps I would run away from home so I wouldn't have to look for my daughter to explain the inexplicable.

Perhaps I would have said: "It's okay, nothing's going on."

Perhaps I would be silent again. Or screamed. Or cried.

Perhaps I would have scraped a crushed ant off my shoe and shown it to my daughter.

Maybe I would apologize to all the children of the world for being a fucked-up adult.

Perhaps I would have torn all the toy soldiers' limbs off for clarity and honesty.

Perhaps I would have died.

Perhaps I would have told my daughter that there is nothing after death.

Perhaps I would have drank myself to death.

Perhaps I would have shown my daughter all the war movies of the world so that she would take a stand on her own.

Perhaps I would have written my daughter an e-mail explaining what was going on.

Perhaps I would have torn apart all the children's toys so that my daughter would finally understand what war is all about.

 

I didn't say anything to my daughter when the war started.

Because I don't and never did have a daughter: I only have the war outside my window.

Reprint by The Wise Owl

Paradise

The light is growing dimmer

I cannot feel to cope

I hear less than a glimmer

of the prayer we call hope.

At night we clocked the bold stars

Felt waves of sweetened pine

Traced out maps of ancient scars

through tears that soothed like wine.

I dreamt I still might find you

We’ll ride that mountain train

Where comets trail behind you

and moonlight pours like rain.

Come watch that golden glory

Attend the sky with cheers

It shimmers like a story

told for ten thousand years.

Her midnight eyes are glowing

I swear they shine for me

And stardust keeps on flowing 

where heaven used to be.

Smoker’s Lament

I pace the halls like a zombie leaking

blood and fire:

It must have been the fog, injecting a 

disease I cannot bear.

But when I tried to set it down,

it burrowed into my throat.

I will never sing

at birthday parties again.

Turned out that sip of molten lava was

really an invitation to the cosmos.

All ‘round the rooms, explosive

tangles of lightning and wire.  

Their sizzling and thunder orchestrate  

like a sadist’s tune.

The waiting, at least, is familiar:

Remember those vacant afternoons

stoned on lethargy, confusion

dissipating to disgust.

Creeping shadows reflecting

the loneliness in your eyes.  

When you touched your face

you found it numb as earth,

like you were buried already.

On the Brink

The mountains stretch behind me

Wind blew me out of town

The morning sun will blind me

I rode the highway down

My friends won’t let me settle

I begged for scraps all day

Their mouths turned harsh as metal

They tore my heart away

The sweep of time will bleed you

It forces you to roam

Somebody else might need you

To find their way back home

A gauze of fog has lifted

As dawn broke through the cold

Bright banks of snowflakes drifted

I saw foothills painted gold

God’s Will

You stand against the gentle

tides, that urge you back

into the deep; this terror’s

surely racked your bones, to

cross that bright and mighty will.

Your sadness staring down

the surf, as glassy-green

as emeralds; the sunlight

glinting off the waves, and

dancing brightly in your eyes.

All the gifts you’ve conjured

up, and all the dreams that

colored you; they seethed until

they burned your hopes, and

dried your blood with bitterness.

You cannot let them pull

you down, and drown you in their

soothing waves; too horrible to

go in peace, then find your

soul still cries alone.   

A Silver Sea

If you are somewhere still

What a story that would be

Of a girl’s dance down a hill

to leap into a silver sea

Splashing far beneath the sun

Where the diamond waters glide

Drifting out till day is done

to disappear beneath the tide

Like a mermaid gently flows

Through shadows dim and deep

With her skin soft as a rose

and her face relaxed in sleep

What answers did you find

In hidden gold to take

Or leave untouched behind 

like ripples in your wake

The sea is dried away

Scorched by an aging sky

Then a field of ashes lay

where spirits went to die

Forever

They’ll never know

turning into

the dark alley

closing your eyes

all the houses with lights out

sleeping I suppose

I’ll whisper the future

and you decide if you want it

you’re so young

thinking I’m a genius

but hopefully less is more

a single touch lasting forever.

Whenever

Whenever

I touch you

you tingle

in my fingertips

you’re so ready

a sparkling pearl

soft button

opening

a world

unique

for the both of us.

Ever in Love

And we blend

into each other

color to color

a beginning

mix

unmatched unity

both sighing

at the same time.

ANARKEN FROM A BENGLADESH POET!!! 

Famous Bangladeshi poet-writer Abubakar Siddique passed away on 28/12/2023 at the age of 89. The poet, who devoted most of his life to culture, arts and literature, published many works, but was never at the forefront because he was modest and modest. However, we, the world of literature and art, knew that the works he wrote were the enlighteners of the dark world, but unfortunately, this genius person passed away at the medical faculty hospital in the city of Khulna, Bangladesh, at dawn on 28/12/2023, thus a turbulent and successful life ended. 

His loved ones, including me, and the people of Bangladesh were very saddened by his death, but unfortunately, the reality called death cannot be prevented. When we think about it in this context, we cannot help but say, "May God grant him a beautiful death in his death." As one of our poets said, "death is a beautiful thing, it is the news behind the curtain, if it were not beautiful at all, would the prophet have died?" 

None of the people who were born approximately four billion years old have lived forever. Therefore, although I see the famous Bangladeshi poet Abubakar Siddique as one of those world changers, I think that we will witness the immortality of the poet Abubakar Siddique by being remembered with his works that are beneficial to people in this world, the life of this great literary master Abubakar Siddique. He spent his last years at his younger sister's house in the city of Khulna. The poet Abubakar Siddique, who was born like a sun in Gotapara village of Nanabari city in August 1934, contributed to Bangladeshi Literature by publishing his first poetry book "Dhabhal Dudher swargram" in 1969. 

We can list the works he wrote later as follows: Works such as Binidra Kale Vale"1976"Oloksabhyata"1984-"Hemanter Sonalata" 1995-"Manush Tomar Bikshat Din" 1986- are among his many published works, and we also see dozens of story books of the late poet among these works. Of course, people are born and die at an unknowable moment. Deaths reveal very important differences between people, some people are just born and die after a while, but some people are born, they just change the world, but they are remembered with the works they left in the world and live in hearts, just like the Bengladesh poet Abubakar Siddique we mentioned. 

Of course, the Turkish poet Yahya Kemal As Beyatlı said in his poem "THE SILENT SHIP", if it is time to set anchor, a ship sailing from time to the unknown departs from this port. It sails silently, as if it had no passengers; Neither a handkerchief nor an arm is waved in that departure. Those who remain at the dock are saddened by this journey, To the black horizon for days. He looks at you with moist eyes, helpless hearts! This is not the last ship to leave! This is not the last mourning of the long life. The one who has been loved in the world and the one who loves waits in vain; He does not know that the departed lovers will not return. 

Each of the many departed is happy, Many years have passed; Yes, as Yahya Kemal Beyatlı said, those who left this world will definitely never come back, but I think that if those who left this world left a work in their lives, it will live in the hearts of the people who read his works, just like the late Bangladeshi poet Abubakar Siddique, I remember him with mercy and gratitude. ..

Yahya Azeroğlu is the chairman of the Turkish World Art and Culture Center.ŞAİRİN ÖZGEÇMİŞİ 

CURRICULUM VITAE OF POET AND AUTHOR YAHYA AZEROĞLU

Yahya Azeroğlu, who was born in 1955 in Yukarı Topraklı village of Iğdır Ayrılık District, completed his education in Iğdır. Then he went to Germany. He took foreign language lessons (German) here for 2 years. He resided in various countries in Europe. He returned to Turkey in 1983. While Azeroğlu continued his cultural activities in Turkey and continued writing poems and articles, he was accepted to Eskişehir Anadolu University’s Department of Public Administration. Afterwards, he founded the Iğdır Poets and Writers Association in 1994. And he served as its President for 15 years. Azeroğlu, who is a member of the Professional Association of Scientific and Literary Works of Turkey, has published 7 books, including “CHIRPINIŞ”, “SILENT SCREAMS”, “Take an example from ATATURK”, TAKE UNDER THE FLAG”, THE EPIC VILLAGE IN THE AARAS VALLEY, “CYPRIAN WRITER HASAN ÇAKMAK”. He has published 7 books in Europe. He was invited to many conferences held in Antalya. His poems received first prizes in many poetry competitions he participated in. Due to his successes, he became the subject of news in the famous BILD newspaper published in Germany. Poet-researcher Writer Yahya Azeroğlu was awarded the poet of the year award in Antalya in 2020. In addition, Azerbaijani scientist prof. .dr. Ramiz Hesemli wrote a book called “Turan Yolcusu” about the poet writer Yahya Azeroğlu, the second book written about Yahya Azeroğlu was written by the poet-writer Banu Həsən Qızı Musayeva, and “On philology by the Azerbaijan science and education center” (F) Professor diploma was awarded. Yahya Azeroğlu currently resides in Antalya, Turkey.

Prof. Dr (F) Yahya Azeroğlu Turkey

BENGLADEŞLİ BİR MERHUM ŞAİRİ ANARKEN!!!

Bengladeşli ünlü şair- yazar Abubakar Siddique 28/12/2023/Tarihi itibariyle 89 yaşında vefat etti ömrünün büyük bölümünü kültür sanat ve edebiyata adayan şair çok sayıda eserler yayımlanmasını rağmen mütevazi ve çok alçakgönüllü olmasından dolayı hiçbir zaman kendisi ön planda olmadı halbuki bizler yani edebiyat ve Sanat dünyası biliyorduki onun yazdığı eserler karanlık dünyanın aydılatıcısıydı ama ne yazıkki bu dahi insan 28/12/2023/Tarihinde bir şafak vaktinde Bengladeşin Khulna şehrindeki tip fakültesi hastahanesinde hayata gözlerini kapadı çalkantılı ve başarılarla dolu bir ömür böylece son bulmuş oldu, onun ölümüne bende dahil olmak üzere sevenleri ve Bengladeşliler çok üzüldüler ama malesef ölüm denen gerçeğin önüne geçilmiyor, bu çerçevede düşündüğümüzde Tanrım Ölümünde güzelini nasip etsin demektende kendimizi alamıyoruz zira bir şairimizin dediği gibi  "ölüm güzel şey budur perde ardından haber,

Hiç güzel olmasaydı
ölürmüydü peygamber"
Takriben 4 milyar yaşında olan dünyaya gelenlerin hiç birisi ebediyete kadar yaşamamıştır.

Dolayısıyla Bengladeşli ünlü şair Abubakar Siddique de o dünya değiştirenlerden birisi olarak görmekle beraber şair Abubakar Siddique bu dünyada insanlara faydalı eserleriyle anılarak onun ölümsüzlüğüne şahit olacağız diye düşünüyorum,bu büyük Edebiyat ustası Abubakar Siddique ömrünün son çağlarında Khulna şehrindeki küçük kızkardeşinin evinde geçirdi, 1934 yılının Ağustos ayında Nanabari şehrinin Gotapara köyünde bir güneş misali doğan şair Abubakar Siddique  1969 yılında ilk şiir kitabı olan "Dhabhal Dudher swargram" adlı kitabını yayımlayarak Bengladeşl Edebiyatına katkıda bulundu daha sonraları yazdığı eserleri şöyle sıralayabiliriz,

"Binidra Kale Vale"1976
"Oloksabhyata"1984-
"Hemanter Sonalata" 1995
"Manush Tomar Bikshat Din" 1986-
Gibi eserler yayınlanan çok sayıdaki eserleri arasındadır ayrıca merhum şairin onlarca öykü kitabınıda bu eserlerinin arasında görüyoruz

Tabiki insanlar doğarlar ve bilinmesi mümkün olmayan bir andada ölürler bu ölümler insanlar arasında oldukça önemli farklılıklar ortaya koymaktadır yan bazı  insanlar sadece doğarlar ve bir süre sonrada ölürler lakin bazı insanlar ise doğarlar sadece dünya değiştirirler ama onların dünyada bıraktıkları eserleriyle anılırlar ve yüreklerde yaşarlar tıpkı söz konusu ettiğimiz Bengladeşli şair Abubakar Siddique gibi.tabiki Türk şairi Yahya Kemal Beyatlının "SESSİZ GEMİ" adlı 
Şiirinde dediği gibi 

Artık demir almak günü gelmişse zamandan
Meçhule giden bir gemi kalkar bu limandan.

Hiç yolcusu yokmuş gibi sessizce alır yol;
Sallanmaz o kalkışta ne mendil, ne de bir kol.

Rıhtımda kalanlar bu seyahatten elemli,
Günlerce siyah ufka bakar gözleri nemli,

Biçare gönüller! Ne giden son gemidir bu!
Hicranlı hayatın ne de son matemidir bu.

Dünyada sevilmiş ve seven nafile bekler;
Bilmez ki giden sevgililer dönmeyecekler.
Bir çok gidenin her biri memnun ki yerinden,
Bir çok seneler geçti; dönen yok seferinden.

Evet Yahya Kemal Beyatlının da dediği gibi bu dünyayı bırakıp gidenler kesin olarak birdaha geri gelmeyecekler lakin bu dünyayı terkedipte gidenler yaşadığı hayatta eğer bir eser bırakmışsa  onun eserlerini okuyan insanların yüreklerinde yaşayacaktır diye düşünüyorum tıpkı Bengladeşli merhum şair Abubakar Siddique gibi onu rahmetle minnetle anıyorum...

Yahya Azeroğlu 
Türk dünyası sanat kültür merkezi genel başkanı.

We continue to express sorrow over what’s happening in so many different parts of the world and encourage our readers to support people and the planet.

Also, we are hosting our Metamorphosis gathering again! This is a chance for people to share music, art, and writing and to dialogue across different generations (hence the name, the concept of ideas morphing and changing over the years). So far photographer Rebecca Kelly and English/Spanish bilingual poet Bridgett Rex are part of the lineup and more are welcome! This event is also a benefit for the grassroots Afghan women-led group RAWA, which is currently supporting educational and income generation and literacy projects in Afghanistan as well as assisting earthquake survivors. (We don’t charge or process the cash, you are free to donate online on your own and then attend!)

This will be Sunday, December 31st, 2-4 pm in the fellowship hall of Davis Lutheran Church at 317 East 8th Street in Davis, California. It’s a nonreligious event open to all, the church has graciously allowed us to use the meeting room.

You may sign up here for event reminders. RSVP appreciated but not required.

This month’s issue concerns our positions within time and space, sometimes pulling us deeper within our own psyches and intimate relationships and at other times drawing us outward into a broader universe, or simply destabilizing our normal perspectives. Join us as we venture Within and Without.

Niles Reddick’s dramatic pieces highlight the danger and mystery hidden within everyday life. Bill Tope’s piece illuminates the fluidity and risks of young people’s lives and travels during the American 1960s.

Helena Jiang explores how our mental states color our perceptions by taking us outside on a bicycle ride through the eyes of a grieving boy and out on a sailing ship through the eyes of an artist.

Sheila Henry illustrates the visceral experience of depression to encourage empathy for those who endure mental health struggles. Alma Ryan dramatizes anticipatory grief for the loss of a person who cares, but cannot truly understand her.

Thoreau famously claimed that many men live lives of quiet desperation. Returning poet J.J. Campbell must surely be among them, as his speakers seek to dull their souls as their hopes drift away.

Ari Nystrom-Rice illustrates the journey of a person facing intractable damnation.

Filip Zubatov tells us to stop lying to ourselves and set goals and take action and make the most of our lives. Jerry Langdon comments on the brevity of life with solar mythology as a metaphor and reminds us to tell our loved ones we care while we are still here.

Taylor Dibbert reflects on how many people only seek marital counseling when it’s too late. Kristy Raines looks back on romantic love and on life’s ups and downs from a mature perspective.

Abdurazokova Murad urges parents to set down their phones and pay attention to the growth and education of their children and also reminds us to make the most of the limited lives ahead of us. Bakhora Bakhtiyorova speaks to wise, balanced parenting while at the same time encouraging all people, especially young people, to seize the day and achieve their goals.

Sabrina Ishmurotova’s poignant poem illustrates a young girl’s longing for her lost father. Mokhinur Askarova speculates on who would miss her if she disappeared. Faleeha Hassan’s speaker remembers a complicated relationship with her mother, where love commingled with grief.

Boqijonova Madinabonu reflects on the love of family and how mothers are often the glue that holds families together, even after children grow up and move out.

Qodirova Madinabonu Mirzamaxmud praises the care and guidance of teachers in her poem of respect to them, while Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa reminds us of the innocent wisdom of children who have not yet learned prejudices.

Annie Johnson evokes love that is both spiritual and interpersonal in her poetry, which celebrates the light and joy of Christmas.

A. Iwasa reviews the second issue of Signal, A Journal of International Political Graphics and Culture and concludes that the magazine holds wisdom from a variety of political and philosophical traditions.

Hauwa Jibrin cries out in anguish at war and brokenness in his country while Santiago Burdon expresses his support for the Palestinian people to find peace and self-determination. Aklima Ankhi celebrates the independence of her homeland of Bangladesh and shares her hope for peace in the world and freedom for all its people. Mahbub joins her in rejoicing in his home nation’s birthday, taking pride in his country’s founding as a victorious struggle of formerly oppressed people.

Daniel De Culla reminds us that the shiny veneer of the holiday season is not enough to cover over systemic injustice and brutalities, including religious leaders’ sweeping child sexual abuse under the rug.

Noah Berlatsky calls out the financially exploitative nature of practices within the writing world and the struggle of many for just a chance to be seen.

John Mellender’s poem speculates on the true nature of courage, what gives us the strength, or foolhardiness, to throw our bodies against the iron bars of life’s injustices.

Mesfakus Salahin’s tale concerns a clever boy determined to keep honest and preserve his self-respect. Sayani Mukherjee speaks to remaining near the light of truth, even if you are alone with a small candle.

Stephen Nwankwo expresses his determined hope for the future of his country.

Bill Tope’s second story highlights the struggles of many young women to be believed and understood after sexual assault. Set during a time just a few decades in America’s past, the story shows an otherwise loving and caring mother who wants to empower her daughter, yet has her generational blind spots.

Isabel Gomes de Diego’s photography of children sightseeing in the city is tinged with wonder and joy, encouraging all of us to glimpse the world through fresh eyes.

Daniel De Culla’s images highlights juxtapositions, disparities and conjunctions within environments both natural and human-built.

Phil Demise Smith’s graphic novel chronicles and halts the movement of time and how it organizes chaos into a series of moments, the present.

Brian Michael Barbeito’s poems capture lush natural and seasonal environments: the sea, fields in spring and trees in autumn, in language both atmospheric and philosophical. In a similar, but more personified and romanticized, vein, Sreya Sarkar renders snowflakes into ballerinas that distract the sky and a lost thoroughfare.

Brian Michael Barbeito’s artwork aims to capture the spirits of places, both extreme closeups and panoramic vistas that incorporate nature and human construction and pose the question of how exactly we define “place.”

Don Bormon conveys the endurance and sturdiness of trees, both physically and ecologically as the backbone of so many ecosystems.

Texas Fontanella’s visual art connects a dizzying expansive explosion of angle and shape and color.

Z.I. Mahmud outlines ways in which the technical craft of cinematography affects the visual impact of storytelling in movies. Steven Mayoff probes the similarities and differences between writing prose and song lyrics.

J.D. Nelson brings more of his signature ‘graf’ poetry, with one liners stringing together images and sounds like a garland.

Grant Guy’s visual poetry melds Morse code, squiggles and graphics, absurdist humor, and oddly placed inspirational messages. Mark Young’s work juxtaposes varying units of sense into pieces that, oddly, flow together.

We hope the same is true of this issue, and we wish you a very happy holiday season.

Learning Situation

There may, especially in times 
of civil int’resting unrest,
be hid ‘midst heroes – who’d solve crimes,
believing weaker folks’ good best –
badged rogues who’d stop at no excess –
to savagery against suspects,
karate-chop pat-downs, regress;
on courage, honor, cast their hex,
leave victims sexually tortured.

Idealists who took a stand,
Once let out of this devil’s-orchard,
must face their love, although unmanned.
Their love is beauty, nothing less,
who knows to love where courage grows
but now finds love a harrowed mess –
distrait, stand-offish.  Why?  Who knows?

One may have suffered worse groin pains
in downhill bike falls, but – it’s strange –
this ache won’t go away.  The change
will bring unbid but oft’ his brains
all addled vivid bright recall
of dingy green precinct back room,
his hands upon the chilly wall,
his legs spread wide in civic gloom.


We’d cellmates been in protest time –
while I too had attacked a pig,
foolhardy vainglory for rhyme
it was – hardly a thing as big
as bravery.  (Though like outrage
they’d dealt me, small discomfort lingers –
my first night free did much assuage.
I’m just glad they spared my fingers.)

They’d thrown him howling through the door:
“Strike, coward scum, and from behind –
thus justice mock since law’s no more
where peacekeepers have lost their mind!”
He ceased his anguished hoarse harangue
and climbed onto the upper bunk.
Our cell door slid closed with a clang
as back into my bed I sunk.

His thrashings kept waking me up
for long into ceaseless glare.
I gave him water in a cup,
he fin’ly slept without nightmare.
Then after quiet hours went by
wherein he didn’t even snore
I guess he must have heard me sigh
for, leaping to the iron floor
he said his name, stuck out his hand.
I shook it, told him “Call me Jack.”
He taught up at the college, planned
This lecture for when he got back:

“When any revolution’s inchoate
if it’s at all, such autocratic lock
the Powers have on ev’ry human fate
the chance that dissidence with fight will mock
the pomp of armed enforcers isn’t great.
Few act upon disgust that many feel.
But character, integrity will rate
with some despite the odds, which are surreal.
Then luckily the losers themselves find
In what we call a learning situation:
What ruthless motherfuckers do them bind
Is matter for the wonder’s contemplation.”

I said that would his students well
Forearm.  He thanked me.  We discussed
specific treatment, what befell
us both since brought in on this bust,
and which side in particular –
they differed ‘tween the both of us –
received insult testicular.
He then reflected – with a cuss:

“It seems this adds another facet
to passions positive as well – 
how tell my girl now in tacit
accents exactly what a hell
her country is, what fiends its cops,
what force ensures wage-slave docility,
what gratis ache that hardly stops
our bliss infects and my virility – 
No! – she must be carefully shunned.
A note with disengagement ring
will say, ‘Sweetheart, love’s moribund.
You’re not to blame, though, that’s the thing.
You know you take it personal
when griefs hit folks that aren’t their fault.
But now the ghetto I’ll home call
while you continue to exalt
delight – but new guy overjoy –
for I this shaman must consult
to help your mad ex-lover-boy
again in ecstasy exult….’ –
I’ll not write that, just disappear.
To flee’s the better part of valor.
Of missing history buff she’ll hear,
I’ll spare her any further pallor.”