The researches of our great-grandfather Mirzo Ulug’bek made great changes not only for the scientists of Uzbekistan, but also for the scientists of the whole world. The whole world knows him very well as a historian, scientist, great astrologer, astronomer who determined the location of 1018 stars. Muhammad Taragai, grandson of the great general Amir Temur, was born in March 1934. He was the eldest son of Shahrukh Mirza, and he was called Ulugbek as a child. Later, this became his main name. Young Ulug’bek was interested in science as a child. He was a learned boy in every field. That is why our grandfather Mirzo Ulugbek was appointed governor of Movarunnahr and Turkestan at the age of 17. As a king, Ulugbek ruled the Timurid kingdom for almost 40 years. During this time he made many creations. He pats the head of the people of knowledge. A number of mausoleums and madrasas were also built during the reign of Mirzo Ulugbek. At the same time, he built the Ulugbek observatory in Samarkand.

    As an astrologer, he is able to determine the location of 1018 stars and the length of an astronomical year of 365 days, 6 hours, 10 minutes, and 8 seconds in his observatory. The scientist collected the most unique masterpieces in his observatory during his reign. He also read a lot. One of the great works of Mirzo Ulug’bek is the astronomical table called “Zizhi jadidi Ko`rogoniy”. Our grandfather Mirzo Ulug’bek inherited 4 unique works: “Zizhi jadidi Korogoniy” – on astronomy, “Tarihi arba` ulus” (History of four nations) – on history, “On determining the sine of one degree” risola” – about mathematics and “Risolayi Ulug’bek” – works about stars. “Zizhi Jadidi Korogoni” was edited by Thomas Hyde in Oxford in 1665 and by Edward Ball Knobel in 1917. During the reign of Ulugbek, many works were translated from Arabic and Persian into the old Uzbek language. The rich library he established had more than 15,000 books. This is a proof of how much the scientist was reading. Unlike his grandfather, Mirzo Ulug’bek preferred knowledge to wars. For the sake of science, he was ready to abdicate the throne if necessary. He always visited the observatory when he was depressed, where he liked to study astronomy. Great thinkers and scientists gathered in the observatory. He treated his students like his own children.

However, such a scholar, the king, was killed by his own child. Mirza Ulugbek never wanted to fight with his son for the throne. He knew that his grandfather, Amir Temur, did not stay forever, and the crown and throne, which was not loyal to him, was transitory. But Abdulatif, the father’s son, did not understand this, and as a result, he declared war against his father’s corruptor with the emirs who would immediately turn away if the kingdom was shaken. Ulugbek agrees to abdicate without any war. Not because he was afraid, but because he did not want to fight for the throne with his child. He just wants to sit in his observatory and study science. However, Abdulatif, the son of Padarkush, who was blinded by the crown, wealth, and kingdom, became a slave to his own lust and even raised a sword to his father, organized a conspiracy against his father on October 27, 1449 and A navkar named Abbas and an amir whom Ulugbek considered loyal, and then an amir who went over to Abdulatif’s side, were killed by the hands of the Sultans. This is how the life of Mirzo Ulug’bek, an enlightened king and a world-renowned scientist and astrologer, who wisely ruled the Timurid kingdom for about 40 years, ends in this way. Only a calm flowing stream and a gentle wind will silently witness the death of a great astrologer…

However, revenge is right. The emirs who betrayed his father also made trouble for Abdulatif himself. In 6 months, the rulership of Padarkush’s son, not only his kingdom but also his life, ended. Abdulatif managed to do many bad things in this short period of time. He had his brother Abdulaziz executed, destroyed the observatory, destroyed books.

However, Mirzo Ulug’bek’s beloved and loyal student Ali Kushchi fulfills the will of his master perfectly. A day before Mirza Ulugbek left the throne, he assigned such a task to Ali Kushchi. That is, he says that the rarest books in the observatory should be preserved and hidden in a safe place until the time of peace. Ali Kushchi hid 16 chests of books in the “Dragon Cave” known only to him and Mirza Ulugbekkina. Even after the death of his teacher Mirza Ulugbek, Ali Kushchi was under strong persecution, which caused him to sit in prison, but even so, he was always patient and kept the books and some of Amir Temur, who was hiding with him, and He did not tell the hiding place of the jewels given to be spent on the path of knowledge. Mirza Ulug’bek and his student Ali Kushchi and some loyal students of the master thought about the fate of the next generation and made sacrifices. The greatest wealth left by our grandfather has reached us because of this incident. Mirzo Ulugbek thought about the fate of his treasures until his death. We are still learning using the kirobs left by our grandfather Mirzo Ulugbek. It is necessary for us to be a generation worthy of them, feeling the need to preserve the books that have been preserved for so many years.

                 Bahramova Ifora Sunnatillayevna. She was born on August 2, 2008 in Kuyi Chirchik district of Tashkent region. Currently, she is a student of academic lyseum Tashkent state of University of Uzbek language and Literature. She is also a member of the “Parvoz” literary circle organized by Nargiza Asadova, a member of the Writers’ Union under the Lower Chirchik Hokimation. Her poems and stories have been published several times in district newspapers and magazine “Gulkhan”. She is  the winner of the Republican stage of the “Story of the Year” competition and several other competitions.

Poppy

The sand sea is warm

Full of frosty lakebites

A beggar of hopeful melancholy

Imbued in nostalgic reverence

Poppy field icy snowflakes

Lakes of midnight rides

Till the peonies bloom afloat

My sugarcane smile

Of off white dusty Mondays

Till I reach the sand sea

Full of choir and musings

Till the lakes run wild

My warm and dusty deaths

Phoenix like it flies

Memories of open wide flies

The dusty sea bed

The nostalgic pent house

A beggar of throny musings

Till it reaches the poppy field high.

SPACE – 

Is an event that is placed in spirit. 

The border of limitation is just

Absence.

Daydream – 

That slapped by truth,

What is the scarcity of life, 

As inconvenient? 

The tear

is only a sign of my innocent,

Hey stone, 

please exchange to my heart!

Who am i?

The character of people is different, each one is completely different from the other. It is no exaggeration to say that there are 8 people in the world and 8 billion characters as well. However, psychologists and neurobiologists have generalized some characters according to some aspects. Now we will talk with you about them, introvert, extrovert and ambivert.

An introvert is a person whose energy is directed to the inner world. He is not bored by himself. He is calm and thoughtful, attentive to details and careful in his decisions. Introverts are sometimes seen as gloomy, taciturn and downright antisocial. But actually they are very good people. Just social connections drain their energy. There are only two or three people in the close circle of an introvert. An introvert who does not talk well with strangers is ready to discuss interesting topics with people close to him for hours. For an introvert, loneliness is a lack of involvement in someone's life. He can fell lonely even in a crowd. Reading a favorite book ir taking a meaningful walk is the best way for an introvert to recharge.

Who are extroverts? An extrovert is a person whose energy is directed to the outside world. He is polite, open and active. He approaches everything positively. He is not afraid to take the initiative and be a leader. Extroverts can sometimes seem silly because of their quick temper. But don't confuse emotionality with superficiality. Extroverts get energy from interacting with others. Loneliness for an extrovert is the absence of anyone around, not being able to find someone to talk to. They have many friends and relatives. You won't get bored with extroverts. In order not to get tired of the sameness and light the inner fire, they go to the crowds or invite guests.

Now let's get acquainted with the third type, ambiverts. They naturally engage in a flexible model of negotiation and listening, ambiverts express confidence and motivation enough to persuade and close sales, but are more inclined to listen to their customer's interests and are overly enthusiastic or arrogant is not visible. Therefore, representatives of this third type are neither extroverts nor introverts. We can simply call them neutral persons.

By Ifora Olimjonova
Uzbekistan 
16-year-old girl

Dreams definitely come true

You know that we always dream, but these dreams may or may not come true. Whether our dreams come true or not is in our hands. We should always try because a person who can dream can certainly act.

The strongest people are those who take steps towards their dreams, do not listen to what people say, and have their own opinions. People whose dreams do not come true are the weakest and most unlucky people, because they do not take steps towards their dreams, they just live and dream.

Dreams come true sometimes quickly, sometimes more slowly, some of our dreams even take years to come true. There is a reason why our dreams come true late. The most important thing is that we should not stop.

Why do so many people fail in the pursuit of their dreams or stop halfway to their dreams? The reason for this is their lack of will, they realize their dreams in part and they say that I did it and it will happen to me. But people who think like that have made a big mistake.
You know that the first step taken to make dreams come true can be difficult, but the end will be very beautiful. The main thing is to believe in yourself. Promise yourself that "I will definitely make my dreams come true." Overcome all difficulties on the way to your dreams, never take a step back. You can certainly make your dreams come true.

Do not forget that your dreams will come true, the main thing is not to make the above mistakes. I repeat once again, dreams will definitely come true!

Toshtemirova Dildora Hakim qizi , was born on are still achieving success. Although he started his career at the age of 14, his achievements in 1 year are enviable. Due to her interests and the support of her parents, today she is a member of the All India Council for Technical Skill Development. Due to his interest in science, he has achieved great success with the support of his teachers and is becoming an example to his peers. "Volunteer of the Year" 2022, won the "Star of the Year" nomination by the school, 1st place winner of the city stage of Athletics. In addition, Dildora's creative works were published in international magazines, her articles and poems were indexed on Google.
Despite her young age, Dildora is a young demanding, talented, talented girl who has shown herself with her knowledge. "Golden Wing" volunteer, "Sunlight Nuri" volunteer, moderator, participant of Go Viral Tashkent, press secretary of Volunteer Academy, holder of international certificates.

Teaching elementary school students based on new methods

     International assessment systems, which are developed and put into practice as a result of high pedagogical factors in today’s developed period, at the same time serve as a practical experience for free assimilating students. The immediate main task of pedagogues working in primary school is to work individually with students whose learning level in the class or group is lower than the learning level of students who study well, and during the day and week. It consists of regular monitoring, analysis and continuous control of the student’s educational activity. The use of five general directions of pedagogical technologies is justified when working with children who have difficulty adapting to school, who have lost interest in learning for various reasons, or who are more talented in practical issues than in scientific research. These are child-centered education, interactive and modern methods of teaching, didactic game, cooperative learning, and problem-based learning technologies. Achievements in the fields of science, technology, production and technology require the creation of new generation textbooks for educational institutions operating at all stages of the continuous education system.

Types of independent work, first of all, should be carefully thought out by the teacher, directed to the educational goal and continuous. In this, the opportunity of each student should be taken into account, age characteristics, interests should not be neglected. One of the conditions for the mental development of students is to complete tasks by “remembering”. In this case, special attention is paid to the ability to define the plan and choose the work method while understanding (imagining) the purpose of the work to be performed, to be able to independently find the mistakes made and to correct them. It is useful to choose convenient methods, ask guiding questions, and recommend key words so that students can complete tasks quickly and correctly.

It is natural that students have difficulties in performing independent work with quality. Because their imagination is still bright and their vocabulary is not enough. Experiments show that children think faster when they work under the guidance of a teacher. In order not to get used to this situation, it is necessary to encourage them to think more independently. In order to attract the attention of students, mention the events in the text: “Why did it happen?”, “How do you think it should have been?” by asking questions like, approving his opinion, “if you think again, you will find”, “very good”, “very good!” it is useful to use encouraging words such as.

        If the child is satisfied with the first independent work, his interests will increase and he will start to do new types of work. The results of independent work should always be checked. Verification can be oral or written. Before writing, the child thinks, summarizes his thoughts verbally, and then begins to write them. He tries to express his opinion, make an observation about a question or issue that has been allowed. This process appears and is strengthened on the basis of (verbal) speech. For example, a student thinks before expressing his thoughts in writing. In a whisper, he talks about the names on his own (in pedagogy, this asset is considered active). The first forms of essay writing begin with such works. The child reads the text, analyzes it orally, comes up with titles, and plans what pictures to make.

          In primary grades, it is important to protect students from stress and various psychological influences, and to strengthen their knowledge through interesting games. The teacher’s use of games that encourage students to be smart and quick and to express their thoughts correctly and clearly gives effective results.

Abdullayeva Dilkhumor Abdukarimovna

37th general secondary school Primary teacher

NEW TENDENCIES OF USE OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN                              PRIMARY EDUCATION

It is known from the historical development of any country that the rapid development of the country, the achievement of certain achievements, and the well-being of the people depend on the level of attention paid to the education and future of the youth in that country. In this sense, the issue of youth in Uzbekistan is one of the most priority directions of the state policy. “Education gives creative activity to the spirituality of the people of Uzbekistan. All the best opportunities of the growing young generations are manifested in it, they constantly improve their profession and skills, the wise advice and experiences of the older generations are highly understood and passed on to the young, mature generation.” [1,78] To all of us. It is well known that many years ago, the concept of education was defined from a national-democratic point of view. In order to realize this stated goal, new models of education are being created, the theoretical foundations of which are being proven scientifically and practically by leading specialists. This scientific-practical proof is closely related to high-level technologicalization of educational processes. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to the education of a mature generation as the main criterion of development.

         Improved versions of the Law on Education and the “National Program of Personnel Training” have been created, which correspond to world standards, and are recognized by the education staff of many countries. These laws and programs are gradually being implemented in our country. The introduction of personal computers into school life shows that it should be used in all educational subjects and school activities.” In today’s advanced age, modern technology tools are used effectively in schools. Computers are widely used not only for teaching the course “Basics of Informatics and Computer Science”, but also in almost all areas of school education. Adaptation of primary school students to the modern environment, making them more interested in lessons through multimedia, video and audio lessons is giving sufficient results today. Today, almost all spheres of society’s life, including the development of education, cannot be imagined without the media.

        Due to the globalization of the information space and its “openness”, the flow of new knowledge, views, facts, and concepts is increasing rapidly, and the use of information spread through the media is growing at high rates. Therefore, as new innovative technologies occupy a worthy place in the education of the young generation, the further involvement of our youth in the innovations of the technological age will make a significant contribution to the development of our country. Nowadays, one of the leading factors of achieving efficiency in the educational system is the use of innovative technologies. It would not be wrong to say that the creation and use of modern innovative technologies in educational institutions in the “National Personnel Training Program” has become the demand of the times. The introduction of technical tools into the educational system made it possible to present information in the form of audio, text, photo and video images. Such tools are often considered multimedia tools due to their complex technical and technological aspects. The introduction of computers into the field of education is considered a universal means of information processing. Multimedia technology provides integration of various types of information with content and harmony. It allows to present various forms of information with the help of computer.

                                                                  Khojamova Gulsevar Abdullajanovna

                                2 nd stage student of Andijan State Pedagogical Institute