Xorijiy Til Adabiyot Yo`nalishi 3-Kurs talabasi Mahmudjonova Ruhshonabonu
Annotatsiya: ushbu maqolada ingliz tilining zamonaviy jamiyatdagi o`rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.unda ingliz tilining xalqaro muloqot vositasi sifatida ta`lim ,ilm-fan,tehnologiya hamda biznes sohalarida keng qo`llanilishi yoritiladi.shuningdek,ingliz tilini bilish shaxsning bilim va dunyoqarashini kengaytirishi,xorijda ta`lim olish va yuqori malakali ish topish imkoniyatlarini oshirishi ta`kidlanadi.maqolada ingliz tilining turli millat va madaniyat vakillari o`rtasida samarali aloqa o`rnatishdagi roli ham ko`rsatib o`tiladi.nafaqat zamonaviy hayotda balki zamonaviylashib borayotgan insonlar orasida ingliz tilini o`rganish judayam katta rol o`ynaydi,chunki bugungi rivojlanayotgan zaminda ingliz tili eng yuqori til sifatida ro`yxatlardan joy olmoqda.
Kalit so`zar: muloqot vositasi,ta`lim sohalari,dunyoqarash,yuqori malakali ish,chet elda rivojlanish,millatlar orasida aloqa,zamonni va ingliz tilini o`zaro bog`liqligi.
Annotation: this article analyzes the role and importance of the english language in modern society. It highlights the wide use of english as an international means of communication in the fields of education, science, technology, and business. Moreover, knowing english helps broaden an individual’s knowledge and worldview, as well as increases opportunities to study abroad and obtain highly qualified jobs. The article also emphasizes the role of english in establishing effective communication among people of different nations and cultures. Not only in modern life but also among people who are adapting to modernization, learning english plays a significant role, because in today’s developing world english ranks as one of the most important and widely used languages.
Key words: means of communication, education sectors, worldview, highly qualified job, development abroad, intercultural communication, relationship between time and the english language
Aннотация: в данной статье анализируются роль и значение английского языка в современном обществе. Освещается широкое применение английского языка как международного средства общения в сферах образования, науки, технологий и бизнеса. Кроме того, подчёркивается, что знание английского языка расширяет кругозор и уровень знаний человека, а также повышает возможности получения образования за рубежом и трудоустройства на высококвалифицированные должности. В статье также рассматривается роль английского языка в установлении эффективной коммуникации между представителями различных наций и культур. Не только в современной жизни, но и среди людей, адаптирующихся к процессам модернизации, изучение английского языка играет важную роль, поскольку в условиях стремительно развивающегося мира английский язык занимает лидирующие позиции среди наиболее востребованных языков.
Ключевые слова: средство общения, сферы образования, кругозор, высококвалифицированная работа, развитие за рубежом, межнациональная коммуникация, взаимосвязь времени и английского языка Introduction
Nowadays, interest in learning foreign languages is rapidly increasing. This growing interest helps all of us to develop comprehensively. As time progresses, people also develop; that is, by learning languages, broadening our worldview, acquiring knowledge that is unfamiliar to us, and leaving a beneficial legacy for the younger generation, we grow in harmony with the modern era. In this regard, if we place special emphasis on the English language, it has gained particular importance worldwide as an international means of communication. English is widely used in education, science, technology, business, and many other fields, ensuring effective cooperation between different countries.
However, while learning English, we may face several challenges. For example, while using modern technologies for language learning, there is a possibility of encountering unnecessary websites or accessing inappropriate channels or groups. To prevent such situations, today’s language-learning technologies are being developed with a strong focus on security. Learning English opens the doors to broad opportunities and success. Knowledge of English enhances an individual’s intellectual potential, expands their worldview, and creates new opportunities in education and professional activity. Therefore, in modern society, learning English is one of the most pressing issues and is considered an important factor in personal and professional development.
Main Part
Today, English is recognized worldwide as one of the most widespread and most frequently used languages. It has become the primary means of communication in international relations, science, education, technology, and business. As cooperation between countries continues to intensify in modern society, the need for a common language is increasing, and English largely fulfills this role. According to linguist David Crystal, English has attained the status of a “global language” and is used as an official or second language in many regions of the world. This clearly demonstrates the prestige and significance of English on the international stage.
First of all, English plays an invaluable role in the field of education. Today, in leading universities, research centers, and scientific institutions around the world, lectures, academic work, and educational materials are mainly conducted in English. A large proportion of scientific articles are published in international journals in English. The fact that most articles indexed in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science are written in English further proves this point. Consequently, students who do not know English cannot fully benefit from global scientific information. In his research, Graddol notes that knowledge of English is a key factor in academic success and integration into the international education system. By learning English, students gain access to foreign grants, scholarships, exchange programs, and opportunities to study at prestigious higher education institutions.
In addition, English plays a crucial role in professional activity. The modern labor market is becoming increasingly international. Many companies cooperate with partners from different countries and introduce their products and services to the global market. In such conditions, employees are required to communicate with foreign partners, work with documents, and conduct negotiations. This inevitably requires proficiency in English.
1. Analysis of Opportunities and Existing Conditions
Scientific research shows that specialists who know English have greater opportunities to obtain high-income jobs. Especially in the fields of information technology, tourism, banking and finance, marketing, logistics, and international trade, knowledge of English is considered a primary requirement. As a result, English becomes an important tool that increases professional competitiveness by nearly 90%.
Another important aspect of English is its role as an international means of communication. To ensure mutual understanding among people of different nationalities, religions, and cultures, a common language is essential. Today, English fulfills this role. English has gained popularity in approximately 85% of nations and states worldwide. Seidlhofer describes English as a “lingua franca,” emphasizing that it simplifies communication among people from different linguistic backgrounds. For example, English is used as the main language at international conferences, forums, scientific seminars, diplomatic meetings, and sports events. This strengthens cooperation between nations and accelerates global integration.
Furthermore, English occupies a leading position in the fields of information technology and the internet. By 2026, English continues to develop rapidly, which is considered one of its greatest achievements. Currently, a large portion of information available on the internet is presented in English. Software programs, online courses, scientific platforms, electronic libraries, and innovative technologies are mainly developed in English. A person who knows English can fully utilize these resources and independently enhance their knowledge, which provides a significant advantage in today’s information society.
Researchers emphasize that bilingual individuals have higher cognitive flexibility. In other words, people who know more than one language can solve problems more quickly, adapt more easily to new situations, and demonstrate greater creativity. Moreover, learning a foreign language helps individuals understand other cultures, fostering tolerance and open-mindedness. From a cultural perspective, English is also of great importance. Knowledge of English allows individuals to access world literature, art, cinema, and music. It enables them to understand famous works, films, scientific lectures, and cultural materials in their original form, thereby enriching their spiritual and intellectual life. English occupies a leading position in education, science, technology, economics, culture, and international relations. A person who knows English gains broad opportunities and can actively participate in the global arena.
Analysis of Barriers and Challenges
As mentioned earlier, interest in learning English is rapidly increasing today. While this is positive on the one hand, it may also lead to certain negative aspects. Focusing solely on one language can result in undervaluing other languages and failing to view them equally, which may sometimes cause misunderstandings.
It cannot be said that there are no obstacles to learning English, as every language has its own rules and structures. When discussing the importance of learning English in modern life, it is essential to adapt the learning process to contemporary conditions and implement appropriate measures.
In this regard, I conducted several surveys among 5th and 6th-grade students at School No. 41 based on their voluntary participation. Through these surveys, I identified students’ interest in language learning and determined which methods were most effective for them. Each class consisted of 25 students, and 100% of the students from both classes participated. I used open-ended surveys, paper-based questionnaires, and individual interviews.
Additionally, I employed a passive observation method, carefully monitoring the process. This method helped me conduct calm, individual surveys with students. I provided explanations only when necessary, and students completed all tasks independently using the task-based learning method. The results showed that some students preferred learning a language through games and engaging activities, while others favored a calm, formal, and theoretical approach. The conclusion is that before teaching a language, it is important to communicate with students to understand why they want to learn the language and for what purpose, and then apply appropriate methods and techniques accordingly.
International Examples
According to Crystal, English has become the main language of the global digital space. Learning English also has a positive impact on an individual’s intellectual and psychological development. During the process of learning a foreign language, memory, attention, and logical thinking skills are enhanced.
Richards and Rodgers note that language learning not only develops communicative skills but also shapes cultural awareness. Thus, English has deeply penetrated almost all spheres of modern society.
Conclusion
In conclusion, English is considered the key to success in the modern world. It provides individuals with opportunities to obtain quality education, advance professionally, engage in international communication, and achieve personal development. In today’s globalized society, knowledge of English enhances an individual’s competitiveness and enables them to actively participate in modern development processes. Therefore, learning English has become a necessity for every young person and professional.
References
1.Crystal, d. English as a global language. Cambridge university press.
2. Graddol, d. The future of english? British council.
3.education first. English proficiency index report.
4. Seidlhofer, b. Understanding english as a lingua franca. Oxford university press.
5.Bialystok, e. “bilingualism and cognitive development.” Journal of applied linguistics.
6. Richards, j., rodgers, t. Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge university press.
Ibodimova Lobar Muzaffar qizi Student of Group 24_16 Department of Uzbek Language and Literature Faculty of Philology and Social Sciences Kattakurgan State Pedagogical Institute
Missing You
Missing you, Why do my tears rush like rain? In the embrace of the night, my heart is washed with longing. Dear mother, I miss you, Mother, I miss you so much.
I feel your value in every moment of my life. Laugh, mother, so the world may smile, So your longing daughter may know her worth. Calling you my kind one who prays for my success, I cried, mother, missing you.
When I laughed, you laughed with me, When I cried, you cried as well. When I fell, you lifted me up, praying for my happiness. You who always cherished me, calling me “my daughter”, Stay healthy forever, my dear mother Feruza.
I would tear down the world just to come to you, To come and hold you tight, to shower you with kisses. You have always been the one I needed, mother.
Annotation: This article provides information on the significance and key characteristics of joint educational programs for students. Through these programs, it is possible to observe how undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students develop an understanding of the global academic environment and undergo noticeable changes in their worldview. Based on international standards, the program relies on effective cooperation between two universities and the involvement of experienced faculty members and a dedicated academic team, offering a unique educational experience that has a transformative impact on students’ lives.
Keywords: joint educational program, undergraduate studies, Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, State Testing Center
Joint (Dual-Degree) Educational Programs. A joint (dual-degree) educational program is a form of education that provides for the training of specialists and the awarding of a qualification (diploma) recognized in all countries where the foreign partner higher education institutions are located, based on an agreement signed between the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign partner higher education institutions. It is known that starting from January 1, 2022, a procedure for expert evaluation of joint educational programs was introduced by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Only those joint educational programs that have received a positive expert evaluation are permitted to carry out educational activities.
From that date onward, many state universities located across Uzbekistan have launched joint educational programs in various fields. Examples include the joint educational program between Tashkent State University of Law and the Ural State Law University named after V. Yakovlev; the joint program between Uzbekistan State World Languages University and Dalian Polytechnic University; and the joint educational programs implemented by Bukhara State University in cooperation with Széchenyi István University of Hungary. Through these programs, students are able to obtain diplomas from both local and foreign higher education institutions simultaneously, gain opportunities to study abroad during their education, and benefit from learning new languages and cultures.
Admission Requirements for Joint Educational Programs: First, announcements for online applications are published on the official websites or social media platforms of the selected universities or institutes. After submitting an application, entrance examinations are conducted in accordance with the admission procedures jointly developed by the higher education institution of the Republic of Uzbekistan in agreement with the foreign partner institution.
Applicants who score at least 30 percent of the maximum possible score in the first-stage examination are eligible to participate in the second stage. In the second stage, based on the request of the higher education institution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, an entrance examination in the foreign language of instruction of the joint educational program is administered by the State Testing Center under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Applicants who obtain at least 30 percent of the maximum possible score in this examination are allowed to participate in the competitive selection process for the joint educational program and are admitted in accordance with the established admission parameters.
Organization of the Educational Process: In joint educational programs, classes are delivered in a comprehensive and high-quality manner by both local and foreign faculty members. The teaching process широко incorporates modern technical equipment, interactive teaching methods, practical training sessions, and project-based learning approaches that meet contemporary educational standards. In some programs, students have the opportunity to complete a certain portion of their studies at the foreign partner university itself.
The primary objectives of these programs include elevating the quality of education in Uzbekistan to an international level, training highly qualified and modern-thinking specialists, promoting academic mobility, and adapting students to the global labor market. Joint educational programs offer numerous advantages for students, such as the opportunity to obtain a foreign diploma, in-depth study of foreign languages, acquisition of international experience and knowledge, increased competitiveness in employment, and the development of independent thinking and adaptability.
Conclusion: In conclusion, joint educational programs represent one of the most promising directions of the modern education system. They play a significant role in enhancing the academic competence of the younger generation, preparing specialists with international experience, and increasing the prestige of the national education system.
Youth unemployment in Uzbekistan: causes, consequences and recommendations.
Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies
World economy and international economic
relationship orientation student
Toshbekova Nozima Rasul qizi
Orcid: 0009-0002-8038-3656
Email:nozimatoshbekova58@gmail.com
tel: (+998)93 949 49 78
Annotation: This article will consider the issue of youth unemployment in Uzbekistan. The purpose of the study is to identify the main causes of unemployment among young people, their socio-economic consequences, as well as provide practical recommendations for solving the problem. The study used statistical analysis, comparative method, observation methods. As a result, it was found that the main causes of youth unemployment were discrepancies between education and labor market demands, inexperience, lack of jobs, territorial and gender differences.
Keywords: Youth unemployment, labor market, employment, digital economy, gender equality, human capital
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada O’zbekistondagi yoshlar ishsizligi masalasi ko’rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi yoshlarning ishsizligining asosiy sabablarini, ularning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy oqibatlarini aniqlash, shuningdek, muammoni hal qilish bo’yicha amaliy tavsiyalar berishdan iborat. Tadqiqotda statistik tahlil, qiyosiy usul, kuzatish usullari qo‘llanilgan. Natijada, yoshlar ishsizligining asosiy sabablari ta’lim va mehnat bozori talablari o‘rtasidagi tafovutlar, tajribasizlik, ish o‘rinlarining yetishmasligi, hududiy va gender tafovutlar ekanligi aniqlandi.
Аннотация: В статье рассматривается проблема безработицы среди молодежи в Узбекистане. Цель исследования — выявить основные причины безработицы среди молодежи, их социально-экономические последствия и дать практические рекомендации по решению проблемы. В исследовании использовались методы статистического анализа, сравнительного метода и наблюдения. В результате было установлено, что основными причинами молодежной безработицы являются несоответствие между образованием и требованиями рынка труда, отсутствие опыта, нехватка рабочих мест, региональные и гендерные различия.
Introduction
Unemployment is a situation in which a part of the economically active population cannot find a job that is suitable for them and becomes unemployed. In economic life, unemployment manifests itself as a situation in which the supply of labor exceeds the demand for it. The cause of unemployment can vary: such as the development of techniques, a reduction in market demand for goods, an increase in demand for skilled labor.
Youth unemployment in Uzbekistan is becoming an increasingly urgent socio-economic problem. Youth unemployment not only slows economic growth, but also increases migration, negatively affects the morale of young people, and leads to inefficient use of the country’s human capital. More than 60% of Uzbekistan’s population is under the age of 30, and 500,000 to 700,000 young people enter the labor market each year. While the overall unemployment rate has fallen to 4.9% by the end of 2025 , the youth unemployment rate has been found to be approximately twice as high as the overall figure, at 10.94% in 2024, according to the ILO and World Bank models. The purpose of the article is to provide an in-depth analysis of the causes of youth unemployment as well as to offer effective solutions and recommendations.
Research methodology
This study was conducted using a survey method to study the problem of youth unemployment in Uzbekistan. The study was conducted in September-October 2025 in various districts of Tashkent city (Yunusabad, Chilanzor, Shaykhontohur, Mirabad, Sergeli). The number of young people who participated in the survey was 52. The survey was conducted based on the following main questions:
Young people’s NNG age, gender, level of education and studied specialty;
Current employment status ;
The biggest obstacles to finding a job (experience requirement, lack of practical Qualifications, low number of jobs, territorial restrictions, gender differences);
The degree of incompatibility between the education system and labor market requirements;
The impact of digital technologies and automation on youth employment .
The survey was conducted online through the Google Forms platform, as well as in paper form in places where young people gather in Tashkent.
Review of used literature
The World Bank’s (World Bank)report “Youth Employment in Uzbekistan: Opportunities and Challenges” (2021) cited inconsistency between education and labor market demands , inexperience, poor jobs in rural areas, and high informality as the main causes of youth unemployment. The authors of the report (Alicia Marguerie and Maddalena Honorati) stated that the NEET level of youth (not in Education, Employment or Training) is high, especially among young women, which can reach up to 66%, stating that this situation is due to social norms, low wages and lack of formal jobs. It was noted that most young people work in low-productivity sectors (agriculture, construction, trade) and that labor migration is a temporary solution to the problem, but not a long-term one. The report highlights the need to improve the quality of education, strengthen career guidance, and reduce labor market barriers to improve youth employment. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) model assessment (ILOSTAT, 2020-2025), youth unemployment rates in Uzbekistan between the ages of 15-24 are fluctuating between 10.8–13% and are 2 times higher than overall unemployment. ILO data points to demographic pressure (500–700,000 young people entering the labor market each year) and insufficient job creation from economic growth as key factors. A 2020 study by UNICEF and the promotion movement found that 54.6% of young people are not engaged in either study, work, or vocational training after compulsory secondary education. The report highlighted the difficulties in accessing education and employment as the most pressing issue for young people, and emphasized the need to develop skills such as foreign languages, entrepreneurship, and business literacy. The UNDP’s 2025 report “Informal Employment in Uzbekistan” highlights the hidden forms of unemployment among young people and their exclusion from the pension and healthcare systems. It is noted that youth unemployment could reach 15.9%. Many local studies conducted by the Statistics Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan (stat.uz) highlight that the main causes of youth unemployment are the mismatch between education and the labor market, lack of experience, regional and gender differences. For example, in the works of Jo’rayev Sherali Anor o’g’li and others (2022–2025), demographic growth, lack of professional skills, and disparities in regional economic development are identified as the main factors of youth unemployment. The article by Abdullayev and Begalova (2021) analyzes current issues in ensuring employment, including youth employment, the development of vocational education, and improving the infrastructure of the labor market. They made proposals for professional orientation and the creation of new jobs based on foreign experiences. Mansurov Shahzad (2024) in his article” youth employment in Uzbekistan: opportunities and problems “assessed the effectiveness of programs such as creating new jobs for young people,” and subsidized loans, but still noted the high NEET level and migration problem.
Research Results
The following key observations were made based on the survey results: 74% of young people cited lack of experience and practical skills as the biggest obstacle to finding a job. 61% of young people said that the knowledge they received in educational institutions does not meet the requirements of the labor market. 68% of survey participants said that traditional jobs are being lost due to the development of digital technologies, but at the same time, new opportunities are opening up for young people with digital skills.
Among young people who have found a job or are expecting a high income, interest in digital directions turned out to be 2.1–2.4 times higher. 59% of young people who are in traditional occupations or are looking for work in this field said they are worried about the future of their professions due to digital transformation.
The results of this survey empirically confirmed the main factors of youth unemployment (lack of experience, mismatch between education and the labor market, difficulties in adapting to the digital economy).
The limitations of the study include the small sample size (only within the city of Tashkent), as well as the fact that it did not fully reflect the hidden unemployment situation. This methodology provided a clearer picture of the current state of youth unemployment and its relationship to digital transformation.
Discussion
The strength of the study was that it identified the impact of digital transformation through a survey conducted in Tashkent. This topic has become increasingly relevant in recent years, as automation is reducing traditional jobs while demand is increasing in IT, digital marketing, and other tech fields. It is a positive trend that interest in digital skills is high in the survey, but it is necessary to develop these skills.
At the same time, the limitations of the study are also worth noting: since the sample size is small (52 people) and limited only to the city of Tashkent, it is impossible to generalize the results to the whole country. Hidden unemployment and did not fully reflect the situation in rural areas. Overall, the study highlights the following areas to address youth unemployment:
Adaptation of the educational system to the requirements of the labor market.
Teaching digital and modern skills.
Development of mechanisms for creating the first work experience for young people Elimination of Gender and territorial inequalities.
If these directions are implemented, it will be possible to significantly reduce youth unemployment and effectively use the country’s human capital. The study shows that the problem is not only economic, but also social and educational in nature, requiring a comprehensive approach.
Conclusion
The main objective of this study was to conduct an in-depth analysis of the causes of youth unemployment in Uzbekistan, identify its socio-economic consequences, and develop practical recommendations for solving the problem. The main results are that the overall unemployment rate will remain around 10.8–10.94% in 2025, and youth unemployment will remain around 10.8–10.94% in 2024, according to ILO models – more than twice the overall rate. The significance of these results: youth unemployment not only slows economic growth but also increases migration. Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:
Adapting the education system to the needs of the labor market,
Creating opportunities for young people to gain experience,
Encouraging the creation of new jobs in digital and innovative fields;
References
1.M.K.Abdullayev, D.B.Begalova (2021). Current issues in ensuring employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Scientific electronic journal “Economy and Innovative Technologies”.
2.Honorati, M., & Marguerie, A. (2021). Youth employment in Uzbekistan: Opportunities and challenges. World Bank Group. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/666311634704762319/pdf/Youth-Employment-in-Uzbekistan-Opportunities-and-Challenges.pdf
3.International Labour Organization. (2024). ILOSTAT database: Youth unemployment in Uzbekistan. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/
4.Jo‘rayev, S. A. son. (2022–2025). Research on demographic growth, lack of professional skills, and disparities in regional economic development.
5.Mansurov, S. (2024). Youth employment in Uzbekistan: opportunities and challenges.
6.United Nations Development Programme. (2025). Informal employment in Uzbekistan. UNDP Uzbekistan. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2025-10/report_informal_economy_eng.pdf
7.UNICEF, Youth Union, & Yuksalish National Movement. (2020). https://www.unicef.org/uzbekistan/media/3541/file/YouthofUzbekistan-ChallengesandProspects.pdf
8.Statistics Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2025). Labor market statistics and youth employment indicators. stat.uz. https://stat.uz/
