Synchronized Chaos Mid-October 2023: Small Islands of Coherence

Synchronized Chaos Magazine expresses sympathy for all the people affected by the recent violence in the Middle East and shares the hope for a peaceful and just resolution and for justice and equality for the region’s many groups of people.

In the spirit of what we do here, we are sharing author Michael Lukas’ recommendations of fiction and poetry from both Israelis and Palestinians that he and others believe will help people understand the issues and the cultures in the region.

Please feel welcome to suggest other titles.

We are also aware that Afghanistan has suffered an earthquake that has killed thousands of people. We invite people to help however they can and suggest the Afghan-founded and led organization RAWA which assists those of all genders and racial backgrounds in the country. They are seeking people to translate articles on their website and help in a variety of ways.

Finally, we stand with the people of Burma who are continuing to undergo war and repression. We encourage people to assist through groups such as Doctors Without Borders.

On another note, this month’s submissions, and the whole project of Synchronized Chaos, bring to mind the research of Ilya Prigogene, whose scientific work demonstrated that when complex systems are far from equilibrium, small islands of coherence can shift the entire system to a higher order.

This magazine is an effort to synthesize various ideas and projects and pieces into a “small idea of coherence” each month.

Aerial view of a lake with small islands full of trees.

Photo c/o Sheila Brown

Nigerian physician Ayokunle Adeleye urges people to rely on science and seek sensible and knowledgeable medical advice. Uzbek author Amirova Niginabonu recognizes the value of parents and teachers in imparting wisdom to younger people.

Adhamova Laylo Akmaljon speaks to the power of faith to heal through calming intense or troubled emotions. Adiba Pardaboyeva speaks to the comfort and calm she finds in her faith and her home and family. Nilufar Thoktaboyeva reminds us that while life’s emotions can be strong, they are transitory.

Anna Ferriero expresses her awe at the power of romantic love and large birds in her Italian and English poetry. Sayani Mukherjee reflects on a transformative love through a panoply of autumn and winter imagery.

Christopher Bernard reflects on another kind of transformative love, Aeschylus’ take on the ancient Greek myth of Io, a human woman who caught Zeus’ eye and was turned to a cow by his jealous wife. In this version, Io is not silenced and her voice continues throughout the ages.

Galapagos Islands. Rocky and sandy beach with red and orange shrubs in clumps and tall cacti.

Image c/o K Whiteford

Iftikhar Zaman Ononno explains the importance of trees to the natural environment and encourages tree planting and conservation. Muntasir Mamun Kiron joins in the song of nature’s beauty and diversity while Aklima Ankhi rejoices in the variety of colors present in each and every season. Mirta Liliana Ramirez recollects a time when she took comfort in poetry and the sea and the sky while in pain. Annie Johnson expresses her love for the totality of nature: summer days, moonlight, and morning. Channie Greenberg sends up hopeful photography of peaceful farm fields in the Middle East. Z.I. Mahmud explores the nuances of the creative and destructive imagery of the West Wind in Percy Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind.

Michelle Adegboro’s speaker comments on whiteness, blackness, and belonging in the world through childhood images of astronomy and eclipses.

Mehreen Ahmed describes the sights and smells of a city at night with elegant, layered language. Khojabekova Musharraf’s poetry, translated into English by Nilufar Ruxillayeva, extols the beauty and majesty of the Uzbek city of Samarkand.

Rafiul Islam shares a tale of best friends who seek adventure and find riches. Nahyean Bin Khalid presents a story of a boy who gets trapped in a haunted house. Fernando Sorrentino relates a tale of how a soccer game gone wrong causes a boy to question his character.

Soccer ball to the right of an image, on a field on a bright sunny day with trees in the distance.

Image c/o Petr Kratochvil

Tasirul Islam celebrates the peace and stability and strength of his homeland of Bangladesh. Faleeha Hassan takes pride in her heritage as a Black Ethiopian Iraqi woman and remembers her father’s love. Zebuzar Yusupova crafts a hymn to the independence, pride, and beauty of her native Uzbekistan. Begoyi Allabergenova Aytjan Egamberdievna’s work, translated into English by Nilufar Ruxillayeva, also honors the Uzbek nation, land, and history.

Nurujjaman’s story shows the danger of marrying without a realistic plan for adult life. Jim Meirose’s tale of a brickyard hod carrier presents a hard working man who never loses his imagination or capacity to dream.

Monira Mahbub extols the virtues of education. Oydinova Malika offers up advice for those in Uzbekistan teaching English as a foreign language, using her experience and research as a guide. Rano Dilshadovna offers advice directly to students on how to learn spoken and written English while Marjona Qurbonova discusses whether online language learning environments can be as effective as in-person courses and Ravshanbek Nasulloyev proposes strategies for learning to think in English.

Jerrice J. Baptiste, niece of our contributor Roodly Laurore, sends in photos and shares about a school in Haiti for low income children where her aunt volunteers. We are also aware that Haiti has experienced major violence and disruption in recent months and encourage people to support education as well as general relief there.

Mahbub Alam laments the human losses caused by warfare. Mykyta Ryzhykh expresses the utter dislocation and destruction caused by modern warfare in his prose and also echoes those themes in his poetry. Abdurrashid Abdulrahman (newbornpoet) mourns the violence and injustice in his native land, while Ajibade Abdurasheed sings out his hopes for justice for the poor and vulnerable. Olanrewaju Timothy Fatoye’s lyrics decry criminal violence against the vulnerable. Indian artist Mantri Pragada Markandeleyu harnesses Marilyn Monroe as a universal symbol to help him advocate for world peace in his graphic design. Giddi Vivian Hembafan speaks to redemption from the violence in the human heart through faith.

Two dogs, one black and another white, stand tall with collars with an out of focus green and yellow background suggesting a sunny day with trees.

Image c/o Karen Arnold

Don Bormon contributes a caring poem about his best friend. Leslie Lisbona speaks to the long-term, profound relationships she had with her family’s various dogs. Taylor Dibbert’s speaker mourns and remembers a very special dog. Catherine Arra illuminates adult and childhood grief through the story of a family dog’s dying in an accident.

Azemina Krehic speaks of a love beset with danger, longing, and loneliness. K.G. Munro evokes the joy of a first attraction between lovers who meet by a campfire, then turns to the dangers of vaping. Kristy Raines talks of a beautiful and unconditional love that might be too amazing to exist in waking life. Sergio Ortiz draws on both nature and mythology to explore his heart and speak to different relationships from his past.

Ahmad Al-Khatat celebrates a love that perseveres and helps him to navigate the memory of past trauma. Hannah Aipoh recollects how writing helped her survive mental illness and a traumatic family situation. Makhfiratkhon Abdurakhmonova relates the story of a breast cancer survivor who triumphs through resilience and patience.

Graciela Noemi Villaverde asks for clarity to understand the true nature of her situation. Elnura Mahammadiyeva urges people to clarify their dreams into specific goals and work towards them.

Zahro Shamsiyya finds her identity and self respect in her poetry and reflects on her life and possible afterlife. Jerry Langdon considers mortality through the metaphorical death of his journal and through another piece on vampires and nighttime. Roy Gu speaks to mortality, grief, beauty, and making the most of an imperfect life. Bruce McRae uses surreal whimsy and entertainment-industry metaphors to wonder about the stability and possible mortality of the universe itself.

Foggy city street at night with streetlamps and a building with lights on off in the distance.

Image c/o Petr Kratochvil

Shamsiya Khudoynazarova Turumnova quests for a departed loved one and for a gentler world through her poetry. Luis Cuauhtémoc Berriozábal returns to ancient roots and to nature as he seeks authentic poetic inspiration. Precious Moses hopes and dreams for a peaceful society in his Nigerian homeland.

Brian Barbeito contributes a lush meditation on nature, groundedness, love, and poetry. Steven Croft memorializes the former poet laureate of the state of Georgia, David Bottoms. Eva Petropoulou shares wishes for her poetry to become powerful enough to bring about transformative change.

Duane Vorhees explores identity, autonomy, travel and groundedness, and mythic wonder in his poetry. Precious Olugbodi highlights the importance of grounding your life’s projects with a solid foundation.

Nigirabonu Amirova highlights the up and coming literary scene in her native Uzbekistan. Another Uzbek writer, Bakhora Baktiyorova, shares her dream of becoming a journalist. Meanwhile, Parivash Sobirova regales us with a tale of a young girl discovering the joy of reading and the wonder of a library.

Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa encourages readers to find joy where they can in a lovely but precarious world. J.J. Campbell writes of acceptance: of age, of change, of the presence of different parts of yourself.

Elmaya Jabbarova revels in the music all around her: sounds from nature and her Islamic services. Iqra Aslam finds elegance in precisely chosen language in a Zadie Smith novel. Noah Berlatsky finds a form of rhythmic art in the repetitive daily nature of life.

Pink, blue, and yellow splashes of color in three line drawings of saxophones on a black background. Splashes of paint on the instruments.

Image c/o Victoria Borodinova

Maja Milojkovic speaks to the persistence of sorrow and longing for loved ones. Mesfakus Salahin reminds us in his short story that money alone cannot solve all the world’s sorrows. Laylo Bakhtiyorova addresses the all-too-common human condition of feeling dissatisfied, but not knowing what will solve one’s problems.

Mark Young probes the limits of AI algorithms in understanding us and guessing our preferences and interests. Edward Lee’s poetry looks at different types of human and natural creation and speculates on where we can find beauty.

Patrick Sweeney’s one-line poems combine the mystical, the logical, and the physical for unexpected results. Isabel Gomes de Diego’s photography captures whimsical moments of contrast or interest. Daniel De Culla combines whimsy and humor with curiosity and nature with human crafts. Mantri Pragada Markandeleyu contributes the first installment of a comic play about a group of beggars.

Laura Stamps jokingly laments how the pandemic has turned many of us into homebodies and “slugs.” Stephen House speaks to the need to make the most of our short lives, as we never know when we will face suffering or disaster. Meg Freer’s stories involve change and reconstruction of people and things. Peter Cherches plays with time and identity in his humorous short stories where nothing is as it seems and multiple ideas are simultaneously true.

Poetry from Ajibade Abdurasheed (newborn poet)

AND JUSTICE SHALL REIGN

I extremely pledge to my country
Where peace had been dwelled in the past century
To not illegally compose an abusive write_up
Because Justice must be ours and my pen can't shut up

‘...And justice shall reign' is what ended our national anthem
More also we're practising a democratic system
The national anthem composer knew then that we will need peace
That was why someone made it as a song and put it into practice

Citizens are clamouring, both left and right
Unknown to them that their leaders have denied their right
Their clamour to them is like a sweet melody
That is why they refused to find its remedy

There is rule of law according to our constitution
But law was made for the poor as we dwell in destitution
Hunger makes a poet to strike for creativity
It is unfair, this is an enormity

Poetry from Begoyi Allabergenova Aytjan Egamberdievna, translated into English by Nilufar Ruxillayeva

Older middle aged Central Asian woman with her brown hair up in a bun and a black dress with white spots and a green coat sitting on a wooden chair in a room with a wooden floor, a carpet and houseplants.
Begoyi Allabergenova Aytjan Egamberdievna
Homeland

I love my country like a flower,
I am great because of you.
First a welcome threshold,
Indescribable world,
Circumvent your soil,
I will take care of your herbs.

Let me say it in my mother tongue,
My soil is rich in character.
You are the moon shining in my sky,
You are a good host.
Look like heaven,
Your name is kind, dear.

The nations of the world are envious,
Take a lesson from patriots.
Peace prevails in people,
"Dormon" is the source of inspiration.
My people are the leader of my people,
He said that he was out of his mind.





I, Begoyi ( Allabergenova Aytjan ) Egamberdievna, was born on May 10, 1954 in Karl Marks (now Ellikkala district, G. Odilov OFY) farm, Tortkol district. My father, Egamberdi Allabergenov, was a freight forwarder at the "Qirqqizsovkhozvodstroy" trust, and my mother, Orunova Reymajan, was a housewife.

In 1960, I went to study at the Alisher Navoi school in Tortkol district (now Ellikkala), and in 1970 I graduated from the 10th grade of this school. In 1971, I entered medical school in Tortkol district.
In 1973, I graduated from the university and started working in the district central hospital. I worked as a nurse in a polyclinic. From 1979, I worked as an obstetrician in a city hospital until I retired.
Today, I am the mother of 5 children and the grandmother of 13 grandchildren and 2 great-grandchildren.
I retired in 2009.

I have been interested in reading and creating since I was young. Articles and poems in republican and district periodicals began to appear when I was a student at school.
My first book "The virtue of my life" was published in Tashkent in 2013 by "Akademnashr" publishing house.
In 2015, my poetry book "Fountain of Mercy" was published in Tashkent by "Akademnashr" publishing house.
In 2017, Turon Ikboli Publishing House published my book "The Motherland, I Live With You".

In February 2020, my book "Trials of the Mysterious World" was published.
At the end of March 2020, my book "The Remaining Soul" was published.
I participate in regional and republican newspapers and magazines with my works. I am an active participant in all regional and republican events.
I participate in Oynaijahon and radio with my performances.
I wrote 4 poetry books in verse, 1 book "The Remaining Day", stories and fairy tales in the prose direction.
I am a member of the Union of Writers of Uzbekistan and Karakolpakistan.

Poetry from Khojabekova Musharraf, translated into English by Nilufar Ruxillayeva

Elderly Central Asian woman wearing a white headscarf sits on a plush grey chair holding a bouquet of yellow, pink, and red flowers.
Khojabekova Musharraf
Samarkand anthem

Always young, always young,
Great city Samarkand.
He lives by seeing every morning,
My eyes are the city, Samarkand.

Cradle of greaters
Your own city, Samarkand.
Door of Miracles,
city Samarkand.

Thousands of years from now,
Sound city, Samarkand.
From the depths of ancient history,
Voice city, Samarkand.

Indescribable lol
My heart city, Samarkand.
Spirituality boiled,
Knowledge city, Samarkand.

Master craftsman, craftsman,
Famous city, Samarkand.
Divine water from Siyab,
Administrative city, Samarkand.

Navoi's teacher,
Abulays, Samarkand.
Barot was in your heart 
"Hamsa" writer, Samarkand.

From Babur's tears,
Bayot city, Samarkand.
To Hadis Bukhari,
Life city, Samarkand.

It is better than Tajmahal.
Registo's Samarkand.
Surprised to see, lol
To every guest, Samarkand.

Preparations are made,
Caravan city, Samarkand.
to ancient cities,
Sarban city, Samarkand.


Khojabekova Musharraf was born in 1954 in the family of a teacher in the village of Karakissa, Koshrabot district, Samarkand region.
   After graduating from the Faculty of Mother Language and Literature of the Samarkand State Pedagogical Institute, she has been teaching mother tongue and literature for many years at the 31st secondary school in Koshrabot district of Samarkand region. She is now retired.
   The first poetry collection was published in 2009 under the name "Umr yoli".The second poetry collection "Spring song" was published in 2022 and the third poetry collection in February 2023. Poems of the talented poet are regularly published in republican, regional and district newspapers and magazines. Winner of many contests.
Young Central Asian woman with curly black hair, brown eyes, and a gauze black top sits in a plush green chair.
Nilufar Ruxillayeva

Poetry from Adiba Pardaboyeva

Young Central Asian woman with long braided black hair and a ruffled flowered light blue blouse.
Adiba Pardaboyeva
My soul will find peace, if I go home...

A reminder of a place of worship,
When I'm tired, sometimes I faint,
These fatigues will make me miserable one day,
My soul will find peace, if I go home...

The angel of my heart lives in my house,
If I burn like Ali in love,
Fatima sits quietly like my mother,
My soul finds peace when I go home.

My heart is comforted,
If I avoid bad things and be content with everything,
My shoulder to shoulder life partner,
My soul finds peace when I go home.

My family cries for peace
If I pray for you in Sajdah,
If I come late, his mother is waiting for him,
My soul will find peace, if I go home ....


Adiba Pardabayeva
City of Termiz, Republic of Uzbekistan

Pardaboyeva Adiba Shuxrat kizi

Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Uzbek Language and Literature, 1st- year student, member of the scientific girls’ community “Kizlarjon” and the participant of the “Unity forum”

Pardabayeva Adiba Shukhrat qizi born on September 4, 2003,  in the family of a businessman, lives in  A. Nabiyev street, Khojango MFY, Angor district, Surkhondarya region.

In 2010, she was admitted to the 1st grade at the  primary school N3, situated in the  district of Angor Surkhandarya region.  She Actively participated as a screenwriter and presenter in the cultural and educational events held during the study period and  became an example to her peers as she was active in public affairs.At school she differentiated from other pupils with her hardworking, care for books as well as her talent in various other fields.
2017, she took part in the district stage of the “Knowledge Competition”  in the subject of the french language.  In 2019, she graduated from the school with excellent marks.

That year, she was admitted to the academic lyceum of the Termez state university in the field of social and humanitarian sciences.
As a result, she mastered history, English, mother tongue and literature with excellent markes. During her studies, she was active in various activities, public affairs and became the winner of many competitions held at the lyceum
For example:

The winner of the nomination “The most talented student”,

The winner of the “Highly Spiritual Generation” essay writing contest.

– took the 1st place in the “Orasta girls” audition contest (2020).Winner of the “Most Talented Student” nomination,

– The winner of the “Highly Spiritual Generation” essay writing competition,

– took the proud 1st place in the “Orasta girls” audition contest (2020).

In 2020, she finished college honorably and  was awarded with the diploma of Terdu Academic Lyceum. Additionally, Sh is also the owner of internationally acknowledged awards such as
The Certificate of THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, LEARNING FOR SUSTAINABILITY SCOTLAND AND BRITISH COUNCIL,
Organizational member of Quality council India- QCI NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN FEDERATION of India.

For being thirst for knowledge,
she never stopped working on herself and tried to strengthen her knowledge constantly,
Moreover
She became  the member of many forums and won the heart of alotof teachers as a young girl who is willing to get more and more knowledge. She actively participated in different conferences, trainings, and events organized by the writers’ association and attracted their attention with her skills.
In 2019-2020, she studied at TerDu Academic Lyceum in Termiz. In 2021, she graduated from the “Yosh Jumalists School” in Tashkent. Adiba actively took part in more than 80 district and regional contests and forums. Her first book was published in the 9th grade under the name of  “Kongil Gunchalari”. Her poems are included in the poetry collection “Sparks of Hope. Her poems were published and still being published  in the press and newspapers. She was a reporter and presenter in several TV shows. To make a count her achievements, there is no way bu to stop to pay attention to the  following:
Adiba Rainbow stars”-2017,
“Captain of the year”
The most active captain”,
“The best reader”,  the awarder of  the 1st degree diploma in essay writing in the competition so called: “We are against oppression”.
Her poems were well appreciated by the philologists of the Republic, and she won the “Two Great Figures” competition. She has achieved a number of achievements in the field of creativity. In 2021, she was awarded with a certificate by Amirkhan Umarov. She is a participant of the  Unity forum. Currently, she is a student of the Uzbek language and literature department of the pedagogical Institute of Nukus  she is a  natural learner and exemplary gir.
Her aspirations and interests are very high. From a very young age, her  interest in poetry began.
In the near future, Adiba’s next collection is expected to be released in cooperation with the Double Wing Foundation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In the future, A capable and knowledgeable Adiba has a desire to learn the Turkish and English languages.
Her dream is to study abroad on a grand basis and become the  winner of the state award named after Zulfiya. We wish our young poetess good luck in her future dreams and goals.

Pardabayeva Adiba is pure, loyal to the ideas of the national ideology, embodies a high sense of patriotism, philanthropy, self- sacrifice and hard work on the basis of national spirituality.
She is a real Uzbek girl whom we might recognize as an example to others proudly and as a young exemplary girl who can do her favor  to help flourishing her motherland.

Essay from Ravshanbek Nasulloyev

PROBLEMS THAT ARISE IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

Annotation: This article highlights the description of useful options which helps to think in English.

With the development of the period, the need and demand for learning a language have increased so much that nowadays there is a need to know a foreign language in almost every field. In particular, English has become one of the most studied languages in the world. The demand and supply for young personnel who can perfectly learn this language and contemplate in this one are increasing more and more. However, a question arises: “Why is it difficult for us to think in this language?”, “How we can debate, praise and criticize in this language?”. These questions will be answered fully, clearly, and with examples in this article.


Some reasons that prevent us from thinking in English and one of them is the use of bilingual dictionaries. That is, if we want to know the meaning of a word or phrase, we use bilingual dictionaries, from English to native language or from native to English. Many students continue to refer to these translation dictionaries whenever they want to know the meaning of a word because they have been taught the grammar-translation method since kindergarten and school and it has become a habit for them, however, it is very urgent that we should break this mode. Because of big differences between languages in terms of vocabulary, translation, grammar, and structure, we confront with a plenty of obstacles when we want to know how a word in Uzbek is called in English, we may not find this word in dictionaries, or we may find a word used in a completely different meaning in dictionaries. We know that every language has its own and figurative words, and in the process of translation we come across words with completely different meanings from bilingual dictionaries. In addition, it takes a lot of time to think and translate in a conversation – this leads to pauses, hesitations and the inability to speak quickly and fluently.

The reasons mentioned above are known to eradicate our study on foreign language. Even so, there are several methods and specific rules to overcome such misunderstandings and defects. If we follow them strictly, we can soon notice a great revolution, and we can communicate in English fluently and become proficient in meditating on English. To begin with, we should surround ourselves with English. This does not mean going to an English-speaking country, and even we can accomplish this task at our home. For this, we need to do a day of English for 10 minutes every day, and we should regard this time not as study time, but as a fun and interesting process. Later, we can gradually increase this time from 10 minutes to 20, 30, 40 and more minutes. At this time, we can listen to podcasts, listen to the radio or music, read blogs, magazines and books or watch the English movies that we like, and during this time we can do two things. Firstly, we can listen passively. At that moment, we reduce the stress and pressure and it helps us to learn the language deeply. We also get the opportunity to get to know the speech and pronunciation of native speakers and increase our range of vocabulary. The other is that we have the opportunity to repeat the words and phrases we perceive and find out, and this is very beneficial for regulating pronunciation standards.

Moreover, we should only turn to account words that we know and have already learned. Sometimes we try to explain or express an idea while speaking, but we don’t acquire knowledge of vocabulary. At this time, we endeavour to find the translation of this word in the dictionary or ask someone for a translation. Maybe it helps us to increase our vocabulary, but it has a defective effect on the fluency of our speech. Therefore, it is preferable to use only words that we acquainted with. Although these words are very elementary, if the speech is carried out fluently without pauses and word searches, we will be successful. If we don’t have enough vocabulary to explain something, we need to look around the word, by this we mean that, we can think of synonyms or alternatives for that word. If we can’t find them either, it’s best to refrain from expressing that thought or idea.

The next point is that we should start learning from small and build it up step by step. It is challenging to ruminate about this non-native language, however, we can initiate this from learning only simple words, after that, we broaden this range by being informed of collocations, phrases, simple and complex sentences. One of the most conventional and predominant ways is looking at a picture and illustrating it. At first, we start by saying only the name of the item, subject, person and event depicted in this picture which we know the translation of. Then, we make phrases with adjectives or pronouns from the ones mentioned above. We make simple sentences from word combinations, and complex sentences from simple sentences. Then we get used to doing this exercise when we walk down the street, do shopping, go to the doctor’s office, wait in queue at the bank. By repeating this actions permanently, we learn to describe, analyze and evaluate the events and cases happening around us. Thus, we rise from the bottom to the top. Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky said that the inner voice, our thinking came from the internalization of the outer voice. The inner voice in our head is the same as when we speak. There is one difference and it is our muscles. We do not make use of our muscles when we think, but we utilize when we speak. That is why, this process of thinking, speaking, thinking, and speaking through practice we can amplify it and help us to think in English.

Another strategy is that we should use English in our daily life. We should keep a diary and when we wake up in the morning, we should write in it our plans for the day, the tasks that we need to do, and at the end of the day, how our day was, what events happened, and what plans we made in our diary. Due to the repetition of such kind of workouts, we learn to use English in everyday life and use it correctly. Of course, there is a huge difference between speaking and writing, and they are separated from each other. But, according to some researches, writing and speaking are connected to each other in some cases. For instance, both of this skills require to meditate, criticize, prove or explain the phenomenon and it is depend on ourselves how to express this. However, we cannot write the way we speak. By taking notes, making some sentences on our diary, we learn to write cohesively and coherently in English without translation and a dictionary. As I highlighted above, we should only use the words we know.

In addition to this, as we know, practice is the most important part of learning language, as well as English. When we practice speaking with our friends, teachers, family members or other people, we will be more aware of events or things that are happening around us. So, we will more likely to think in English in order to make conversation with our partners.

The last option is that we should be monolingual. As I mentioned above, when we search words which we don’t know in bilingual dictionary, we may face some difficulties to find the exact translation or meaning. It is better to use monolingual ones that show the synonyms or definitions. By this, we can focus only on one language, enlarge our range of vocabulary and learn to think in this language.

All in all the discussion in this article has clearly shown some causes which disturb us from learning language completely and properly, and a huge number of options and strategies which help us to think in English, speak fluently and smoothly like native speakers and break up the barriers that we may face. By following these rules, we hope that students, even language learners can adapt to the English environment and live in it!