Time as Our Witness

Poem by Lan Xin (Lanxin Samei)

Three thousand years ago

You were the Lord of the Universe—the King of Kings

Known to gods and mortals alike, I was your cherished Queen

Then came the great catastrophe of the Three Realms

Tearing us apart abruptly, leaving us to grieve the love we lost

Since then, time has carried me

Across the Ten Directions and Dharmadhatus

Through six cycles of reincarnation

Reborn as a human, I walked the path of cultivation for nine lifetimes

Endured all the tribulations of the mortal world, just to meet you again

After three thousand years of wandering

I searched for you a thousand times among the crowds

And finally, today, three thousand years later

We reunite beneath the magnolia tree

Its dancing shadows whisper our ancient vows

In the moment our eyes meet

We see reflections of ourselves from three thousand years ago

And the endless search through lifetimes unfolds before us

Above the mortal world, you remain the supreme King of Kings;

Within the mortal world, you are also the finest man on earth.

Heaven and earth unite, with white cranes as their matchmakers

Sun and moon unite, with Venus as their matchmaker

Mountains and rivers unite, with gold as their matchmaker

Chestnut and pine trees unite, with bees as their matchmaker

Turquoise and black jade unite, with golden threads as their matchmaker

When you and I unite once more, who shall be our matchmaker?

Let three thousand years of time be our matchmaker

To witness our timeless love

For the rest of my life

I do not wish to return as the goddess of the Diamond Kingdom

I only wish to be the little woman in your arms

For the rest of my life

I do not wish to leave a legacy for a thousand years

I only wish to be with you, day and night

For the rest of my life

I do not wish to be a fairy in the clouds

I only wish to live fully as a mortal woman

For the rest of my life

I do not wish to be showered with thousands of affections

I only wish to nestle in the arms of you, the ultimate doting husband

For the rest of my life

I do not wish to return to the cosmic kingdom

I only wish to savor the love of this mortal world

Time as our witness

Heaven and earth as our testimony

May we be united for ten thousand years

And never part again

Time as Our Witness is an oriental love poem that transcends time and space and touches the soul. It outlines an extraordinary love spanning three thousand years with a grand mythological narrative and incorporates the classic linguistic elements depicting beautiful oaths from the Naxi Dongba Scriptures, making the romance and profound affection of oriental culture vividly expressed. Two souls were separated by the catastrophe of the Three Realms, and after traversing the Ten Directions and Dharmadhatus, going through six cycles of reincarnation and nine lifetimes of cultivation, they finally reunite under the magnolia tree. The vows in the swaying tree shadows and the gaze in each other’s eyes are the answers to the endless search through all lifetimes.

The poem combines the divine glory of the cosmic kingdom with the gentle companionship of mortal life. Letting go of all glory and fame, the poet only wishes to be the little woman in her beloved’s arms, staying together day and night. From the natural oaths of heaven, earth, mountains and rivers to the heartfelt confession with three thousand years of time as the matchmaker, the poem reveals the essence of love—it has nothing to do with status and glory, but only for rushing to one person and staying with them for a lifetime.

“Time as our witness, heaven and earth as our testimony” is a universal belief in love for all humanity. True love has no national boundaries or time and space constraints, and it is a romantic language connecting the whole world. On this Valentine’s Day, may the profound affection of this oriental love poem warm every heart that believes in true love in Greece and across the world. May all lovers be blessed by time, with their love lasting forever and never being separated.

My dearest Earth Daughter

I am the Cosmic Mother beyond primal chaos

Pluck a wisp of the Milky Way as your sash

Cut a swathe of nebula for your gown

With eons of time unspun

Weave an eternal vigil around you

Stellar orbits are the lines of my outstretched palm

Charting the distant path laid by the vast galaxy

Starlets are my soft, whispered reminders

Clinging to every step of your journey

Solar coronas are my blazing, tender gaze

Chasing the glow of your evolving prosperity

Lunar radiance is my gentle kiss

Pressed to your quiet window at night

With a shield of gravitational grace

Ward off all tempests beyond your stellar path

I have nurtured myriad star rivers

Yet hold only you, cherished, to my heart

Watch you birth green mountains and blue seas

Nurture countless plants and creatures

Watch you sow seeds of civilization

Breathe forth the fragrance of love

Watch you stumble through time’s tide

With innocence and unyielding grace

The cosmic wind breathes softly

It is me murmuring in your ear

Daughter, fear not

You rest safe in my celestial embrace

May love bloom as starlets

Adorning every fiber of your being

May the light of peace caress like dawn

Kissing every inch of your skin

May humans and nature dwell in harmony

Upholding the covenant of endless life

May all worldly strife disperse

Clear winds guiding you onward

May wisdom hold a lamp for you

Revealing your most radiant self

May you carry a glow within

Unfurling your unique light across the cosmos

Shining through the starry expanse

Honoring this celestial vigil

More so, may you, in motherhood’s name

Pass this love down through endless generations

Protecting every child of yours

And the children of your children

Regardless of gender or clan

Let love and compassion cradle your lands

You are the one-of-a-kind treasure in my palm

A peerless gift forged by the cosmos over eons

With eternity as threads and love as weft

I wrap around your springs, summers, autumns, winters

With nebulae as my bosom and tolerance as my realm

Embracing all your past

In my celestial embrace

Grow toward the light unshaken

Let love and peace

Seep deep into every inch of your soil

Walk with you through eons of time’s currents

Coexisting and shining with myriad star rivers

Becoming the most touching ode to life in the firmament

Let this great love break free from time’s chains

Flow endlessly among the stars

As fiery as a supernova’s blaze

As enduring as a galaxy’s spiral arms

Guiding the legacy of your bloodline

Let love span ages untold

Taking root and blooming in every child’s heart

Shining alongside sun and moon

Enduring with the boundless galaxy

Through endless ages

Forever thriving

Footnote

Lan Xin, through the tender voice of the Cosmic Mother and grand cosmic imagery, conveys her profound wishes for Earth and humanity: may love and peace spread across the world, may humanity and nature coexist in harmony, and may this timeless love nourish all beings, pass down through generations, and become an eternal force for good in the world.

Predestined for Three Lifetimes
Poem by Lan Xin (Lanxin Samei)

What is fate?
It is the inevitability meant to be, beneath the guise of chance.
A promise made in a past life, that brings us together in this one.
Fate is an unplanned meeting of hearts;
the moment our eyes meet,
the shadow of a former life reflects in each other’s gaze.
That unfulfilled love,
that lifelong longing—
We stand across a glimmering stream,
silent, with unspoken words in our hearts.
Through joy and sorrow in this life, I pledge to you;
I hold your hand, and grow old with you together.
Even a single encounter,
becomes an unforgettable love deep in the soul.
Do you believe?
In this world,
there is always a pair of discerning eyes
that sees through the countless crowds,
and leads the lifelong longing of the heart.
Our fate is predestined, for three lifetimes.

This poem centers on the karmic bond of “three lifetimes”, unfurling the emotional arc of a fateful encounter in a past life, lifelong companionship in the present, and a heartfelt promise for the next. It weaves profound, enduring love into the predestined connection, with every line embodying the longing for an unbroken togetherness
through all life’s joys and sorrows. “Three lifetimes” is both a classic philosophical concept denoting the past, present and future existences in traditional culture, and a vivid embodiment of this love that transcends reincarnation and remains unyielding for all eternity.

Love Fated at the Potala Palace

At last, I stand before thee
Like a young butterfly fresh from its cocoon
Rejoicing, my eyes glinting with starlight
Dost thou know? Long e’er this moment
I have turned to gaze at thee a thousand times
Thou hast, in truth, stood lofty in my heart all along
Yet thou art so grand, so towering
I feared my slender fingers could not twirl the prayer wheel
I feared the highland could not bear my lonely cold
I feared I might fall short of thy ageless vow
So to thee
I could but gaze in awe, never dare draw nigh
And thus I waited
For a mighty eagle
To bestow me strength
To lead me to thy side
At last, I stand before thee
The moment I step upon thy halls
A flame of hope surges in my breast
My heart
Is like the blazing starry firmament
Abloom with hues of radiant light
Blossoms of grace and rapture
Burst forth in my heart’s sky, like glowing neon flames
In this hour
I no longer keep my reverent distance
I have at last drawn close to thee
In this hour
All fear is gone from me
For
A mighty eagle
Doth lend me its strength

This poem traces the emotional journey of approaching the Potala Palace, depicting the transformation from yearning with awe and hesitation to finally drawing near fearlessly. With metaphors of a young butterfly and a mighty eagle, and Tibetan symbols like the prayer wheel and the highland, it weaves the poet’s reverence, hope
and eagerness for the Potala Palace into every line. It lays bare the anxiety of venturing alone to the highland, and more vividly expresses the relief and resolve of embracing the sacred land and hearting the light, empowered by love and strength.

Fated

We chanced upon one another
On that afternoon when the storm had passed
A casual brush of hearts, unplanned
Like the long-awaited rainbow
That blazed across my firmament
With a burst of iridescent glow, in an instant
If
‘Twixt thee and me
It is fated to be but a fleeting encounter
I would blaze like a firework bright
At the moment thou gazest up at the starry vault
Unfolding a lifetime of grace in one brilliant bloom
If
‘Twixt thee and me
It is fated to be a soulful kinship
I would be a pure lotus in the lake
We gaze into each other’s eyes in quiet repose
Never clasping each other’s hands
Yet my fragrance permeates thy heart
Soft and lingering, far and profound
If
‘Twixt thee and me
It is fated to be a lifelong bond
I would be a mild, delicate orchid
In thy life
Now nigh, now far
Now intense, now faint
Now blushed, now plain
Through spring’s bloom and winter’s frost
Breathtaking forth fragrance for all eternity
If
‘Twixt thee and me
It is fated to be naught at all
I only wish
A seed of sweet goodness
Might take root and sprout in thy heart, from this day forth
Growing into a tree of wishes

And in the next life
All our fated desires may find their full fulfillment

This poem eulogizes the destined love between two hearts with four layered suppositions. It weaves the beauty of fleeting encounter, the tenderness of soulful understanding, the warmth of lifelong companionship and the mild hope of unfulfilled fate into vivid metaphors of rainbow, firework, lotus, orchid and wishing tree,
expressing the sincere and selfless love that follows the will of fate and cherishes every possible bond with the beloved.

To the Angel

Angel, what is it, what bids you fall to the mortal world?
What is it, what makes you cling to this earthly dust?
Angel, what is it, what breaks your wings in twain?
What is it, what fills your eyes with tears?
Angel, you once soared on wings,
striking the blissful chord;
you once blinked eyes like autumn rills,
holding bright wishes in their glow;
you once outstretched your arms,
scattering sunlight all the way.
Yet on that pitch-black cold night,
a deafening crack rent the sky—
I saw your blood-stained wings,
your broken heart entwined.
Angel, do you blame your hasty leap to the world?
Do you regret the reckless moth’s flight to the flame?
This mortal world of strife was never yours,
the past like wispy smoke, gone in a blink.
Only the trace of your flight remains—
a crystal heart-lantern,
spilling radiance o’er the ground,
like your glistening tears.

This poem addresses an angel with tender inquiries, lamenting its fall to the mortal world: broken wings, tearful sorrow, and the shattering of its once blissful existence in a bleak cold night. It wonders if the angel regrets its hasty descent yet reminds that mortal strife was never its load. The past fades like smoke, but the trace of its flight
lingers as a crystal heart-lantern, spilling radiance like its glistening tears—its pure light enduring through fragility and loss.

Internationally acclaimed bilingual writer, poet and translator, member of the Chinese Writers Association. The only female inheritor of UNESCO-listed Dongba Culture, International Disseminator of Dongba Culture and practitioner of Chinese culture’s global outreach. Winner of the Italian Francesco Giampietri International Literary Award, President of Lanxin Samei Academy and Dean of Yulong Wenbi Dongba Culture Academy.

MOTHER TONGUE 

Within me speaks 

a language not learned, 

but remembered before the first breath. 

It does not come from books, 

but from my mother’s voice, 

from the quiet of the kitchen at dawn, 

from whispers that heal fear. 

Within it live 

all my first “whys,” 

all my “stay,” 

all unspoken prayers. 

The mother tongue does not ask 

who I am — 

it knows me. 

In it, I return home 

even when I am far away. 

When the world grows loud, 

when words lose their faces, 

it reminds me 

that I am not just a name on paper, 

but a trace that remembers. 

Within it I breathe more slowly, 

walk more surely, 

love without translation. 

For the mother tongue 

is not only a means, 

it is my shadow, 

my mirror, 

my light. 

And as long as it lives within me, 

I know: I carry home inside me.

Maja Milojković was born in Zaječar and divides her life between Serbia and Denmark. In Serbia, she serves as the deputy editor-in-chief at the publishing house Sfairos in Belgrade. She is also the founder and vice president of the Rtanj and Mesečev Poets’ Circle, which counts 800 members, and the editor-in-chief of the international e-magazine Area Felix, a bilingual Serbian-English publication. She writes literary reviews, and as a poet, she is represented in numerous domestic and international literary magazines, anthologies, and electronic media. Some of her poems are also available on the YouTube platform.

Maja Milojković has won many international awards. She is an active member of various associations and organizations advocating for peace in the world, animal protection, and the fight against racism. She is the author of two books: Mesečev krug (Moon Circle) and Drveće Želje (Trees of Desire). She is one of the founders of the first mixed-gender club Area Felix from Zaječar, Serbia, and is currently a member of the same club. She is a member of the literary club Zlatno Pero from Knjaževac, and the association of writers and artists Gorski Vidici from Podgorica, Montenegro.

The Earth and Trees There, and the Firmament Angels Also 

The angel and the sky. Well, the angel couldn’t be seen, as it might be in poems and cinema, in ancient and even modern tales. No, but the angel they, the diviners, said was nevertheless there. Ok, I thought, and this is where faith was important. And the clouds remained and some souls out there went past in the distance. You might run into a kind one for there were many good-natured persons, some others a bit grey and a few were very questionable to say the least. But let’s get back to the angel. Angel had become a commonplace and taken for granted word, like Aldous Huxley had said of the word ‘love,’ but that’s okay. I made up a poem in my mind…

Angel angel, 

guiding and wise,

inform and protect the journey,

and guard me from lies

Angel angel,

It’s better above,

Much must be purer there,

Especially love

A wind suddenly sweeps the snow off hills and creates a ghost like air. Power. Prowess. Plenitude. I watch it. What’s more, it sounds alarming but amazing. I feel joyful. Unexpectedly joyful at that. Hopefully, it’s a sign of maturity or good perspective to be impressed by such a seemingly small phenomenon like the wind or snowflakes, barren branches cold and lonesome, or an old acorn or wandering leaf. These are the poet’s and nature photographer’s friends, plus signs for a mystic to read. For the larger world would surely find it all unremarkable. But to condemn the prosaic is to miss the sacred. To dismiss the everyday is to miss the eternal. 

I paused by the invisible angels of evergreens and thought of Rainer Maria Rilke. He had said an angel to a modern would appear terrifying. Maybe that’s why they couldn’t be seen. Breathe. Yes, take a break and even a photograph of the red berries down the way that remained on a tree even in the cold and strange, the overcast and challenging, winter months. 

Brian Michael Barbeito is a Canadian poet, writer, and photographer. His most recent work, a third compilation of prose poems and landscapes photographs, is titled The Book of Love and Mourning. 

Zarina Yorboboyeva
Talented Student | English Language Learner |
International Certificate Holder
Date birth: December 5
Place of birth: Uzbekistan
Education: Student at Karshi State Technical University
Fields of activity: Advanced English learning, academic development, international projects, personal growth

Early Achievements and Educational Path
Zarina Yorboboyeva is a talented student who has achieved significant academic success at a young age. She has successfully obtained a B2 level in English and holds several international certificates.

Zarina graduated from secondary school with excellent grades (only A’s) and was awarded a medal by the regional governor in recognition of her outstanding academic performance.
Currently, Zarina continues to work consistently on self-development, improves her English communication skills, and aims to build a future career on an international level.

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ENTERPRISES

Student of Technical University

Yorboboyeva Zarina
Abstract.

This article analyzes the essence of the strategic management system in enterprises, its role and importance in modern economic conditions. It also highlights the main directions for improving strategic management systems, including innovative approaches, digital technologies, human resource development, and increasing the effectiveness of strategic planning. The research results substantiate the importance of strategic management in ensuring
sustainable development of enterprises.

Keywords: strategic management, strategic planning, competitiveness, innovation, management system, enterprise efficiency.

Introduction
In market economy conditions, enterprise activities are becoming increasingly complex, and the competitive environment is intensifying. Under such circumstances, achieving long-term success, sustainable development, and competitiveness directly depends on the effective organization of the strategic management system. Strategic management serves to determine the future
development directions of an enterprise, analyze the external and internal environment, and ensure the rational use of resources.

Today, globalization, digitalization, and the acceleration of innovation processes require enterprises to continuously improve their management systems. Therefore, developing strategic management systems in accordance with modern requirements is considered one of the most pressing issues.

The Essence and Importance of the Strategic Management System

Strategic management is the process of defining an enterprise’s long-term goals, developing strategies to achieve them and implementing these strategies. It includes not only planning but also adapting to changes in the external environment, creating competitive advantages, and efficiently managing resources.
The main elements of the strategic management system include:
defining the enterprise mission and objectives; analysis of the external and internal environment (SWOT and PEST analyses);
strategy development; strategy implementation; monitoring and evaluation.

Proper implementation of this system ensures stability in enterprise activities and enables the achievement of high economic results in the long term.

Existing Problems in Strategic Management Systems in Enterprises
Practice shows that in many enterprises, strategic management systems do not function effectively enough. This may be caused by the following factors:
strategic planning becoming formal in nature;
insufficiently deep analysis of the external environment;
gaps between strategy and operational activities;
lack of strategic thinking skills among managers and employees;
slow implementation of innovations.

These problems reduce enterprise competitiveness and limit adaptability to market conditions.
Improving the Strategic Management System

One of the most important ways to develop the strategic management system is to
improve the strategic planning process. This includes:

• ensuring alignment between long-term and short-term goals;
• conducting analyses based on real market data;
• developing alternative strategies.
  In addition, involving all departments in the strategic planning process is advisable
  in order to form a collective approach.
  3.2. Implementation of Innovation and Digital Technologies
  In modern conditions, digital technologies are becoming an integral part of the strategic management system. The use of information technologies:
• accelerates the decision-making process;
• increases the accuracy and transparency of data;
• expands strategic forecasting capabilities.
  For example, business analytics systems, artificial intelligence, and big data play an important role in substantiating strategic decisions.
• 
  3.3. Strategic Management of Human Resources
  The effectiveness of the strategic management system largely depends on human resources. Developing employees’ qualifications, motivation, and strategic thinking
  skills is achieved through the following measures:
• continuous professional development and training;
• implementing incentive systems based on strategic goals;
• developing leadership skills.
  Investments aimed at human capital contribute to the long-term development of the enterprise.
• 
  3.4. Strengthening the Strategic Control and Evaluation System
  It is important not only to develop a strategy but also to continuously monitor its implementation. This includes:
• introducing a system of key performance indicators (KPIs);
• regular analysis of results;
• making changes to the strategy when necessary.
• 
  A flexible strategic control system enables enterprises to respond quickly to changes in market conditions.

The Role of Strategic Management in Increasing Competitiveness
Through the strategic management system, enterprises:

• form competitive advantages;
• correctly select market segments;
• gain a deeper understanding of customer needs.
  As a result, enterprises achieve a strong position in the market through the quality of their products and services, innovation, and pricing policy.
• 
  Conclusion
  In conclusion, improving the strategic management system in enterprises is of great importance in a market economy. By deepening strategic planning, implementing digital technologies, developing human resources, and strengthening the strategic control system, enterprises can increase the efficiency of their operations. This, in turn, contributes to long-term sustainable development and competitiveness.
• 
  References

1. Ansoff I. Strategic Management. — New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.
2. Porter M. Competitive Strategy. — Free Press, 2008.
3. Thompson A., Strickland A. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. —McGraw-Hill, 2015.
4. Kotler P. Marketing Management. — Pearson Education, 2019.
5. Materials of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan

DIGITAL STUDY COMPANION IN MASTERING ACADEMIC TASKS WITH TECHNOLOGY

Uzbekistan World Languages University 

English philology faculty, 2^st year student 

Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna

malimovva1@gmail.com

Abstract: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational systems has reshaped language learning practices in higher education. This article explores the role of AI-based tools in improving language acquisition, learner autonomy, and academic performance among university students. Drawing on theories from applied linguistics, cognitive psychology, and educational technology, the study examines the functions, benefits, and challenges of AI-supported language learning environments. Particular attention is given to personalized learning, adaptive feedback, pronunciation training, and assessment automation. The findings suggest that artificial intelligence significantly enhances learning efficiency, motivation, and self-regulated learning. Despite concerns related to overreliance on technology, data privacy, and ethical issues, AI-driven language learning tools are shown to play a vital role in modern, technology-enhanced higher education.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; language learning; educational technology; learner autonomy; higher education; adaptive learning

Аннотация: Стремительная интеграция искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в образовательные системы изменила практики изучения языков в высшем образовании. В данной статье рассматривается роль инструментов на основе ИИ в повышении эффективности овладения языком, автономности обучающихся и академической успеваемости студентов университетов. Опираясь на теории прикладной лингвистики, когнитивной психологии и образовательных технологий, исследование анализирует функции, преимущества и проблемы сред обучения иностранным языкам с поддержкой ИИ. Особое внимание уделяется персонализированному обучению, адаптивной обратной связи, тренировке произношения и автоматизации оценивания. Результаты показывают, что искусственный интеллект значительно повышает эффективность обучения, мотивацию и развитие саморегулируемого обучения. Несмотря на опасения, связанные с чрезмерной зависимостью от технологий, защитой данных и этическими вопросами, инструменты обучения языкам на основе ИИ играют важную роль в современном технологически ориентированном высшем образовании.

Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект; изучение языков; образовательные технологии; автономия обучающихся; высшее образование; адаптивное обучение.

The development of artificial intelligence has profoundly influenced various aspects of modern society, including education. In higher education, traditional language learning approaches are increasingly complemented by intelligent digital tools that support personalized and flexible learning experiences. Language learners today are required not only to master linguistic competence but also to develop communication skills, cultural awareness, and autonomous learning strategies. In response to these demands, artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful resource for enhancing language education.

The growing use of AI in language learning reflects a broader shift toward learner-centered and technology-enhanced pedagogies. Universities worldwide are adopting AI-powered platforms to support students in vocabulary acquisition, grammar practice, pronunciation improvement, and writing development. As a result, artificial intelligence has become an integral component of contemporary language education. 

Theoretical Foundations of AI-Based Language Learning

The application of artificial intelligence in language education is grounded in several theoretical perspectives. Constructivist learning theory emphasizes that learners actively construct knowledge through interaction and experience. AI-based tools provide interactive environments where students can engage with authentic language input, receive immediate feedback, and refine their understanding through practice.

Self-regulated learning theory also plays a significant role in AI-enhanced language learning. According to this theory, effective learners are capable of planning, monitoring, and evaluating their own learning processes. AI-powered systems support self-regulation by offering personalized learning paths, progress tracking, and adaptive feedback. These features encourage learners to take responsibility for their language development.

From a cognitive psychology perspective, AI tools are designed to reduce cognitive load and enhance memory retention. Spaced repetition, adaptive testing, and error-based feedback are widely used in AI-driven language applications, enabling learners to acquire and retain linguistic knowledge more effectively.

Key Components of AI-Based Language Learning Tools

A successful AI-supported language learning environment consists of several essential components. One of the most important elements is adaptive learning technology.

AI systems analyze learner performance and adjust content difficulty, learning pace, and task types accordingly. This personalization ensures that learners receive instruction tailored to their individual needs.

Another crucial component is automated feedback and assessment. AI tools can evaluate grammar, vocabulary usage, pronunciation, and writing structure with high accuracy. Immediate feedback allows learners to identify errors and improve their language skills without delay. This continuous assessment process enhances learning efficiency and confidence.

Speech recognition and pronunciation training are also significant features of AI-based language learning tools. By analyzing learners’ speech patterns, AI systems provide targeted feedback on pronunciation, intonation, and fluency. These tools are especially valuable in foreign language contexts where exposure to native speakers may be limited.

AI-assisted writing tools support learners in developing academic and professional writing skills. By offering suggestions for vocabulary, grammar, coherence, and style, these tools help students produce higher-quality written texts while promoting language awareness and self-editing skills.

Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning

The integration of artificial intelligence into language education offers numerous benefits. One of the most significant advantages is improved learning efficiency. Personalized instruction and adaptive feedback enable learners to focus on their weaknesses and progress at an optimal pace.

AI-based tools also increase learner motivation and engagement. Interactive activities, gamified elements, and visible progress indicators make language learning more enjoyable and rewarding. When students experience measurable improvement, they are more likely to remain motivated and committed to their studies.

Another important benefit is the development of learner autonomy. AI-supported platforms encourage independent practice, self-assessment, and reflective learning. These skills are essential for lifelong learning and professional success in a globalized world.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

Despite their advantages, AI-based language learning tools present several challenges. One major concern is the risk of overreliance on technology. Excessive dependence on AI may limit opportunities for authentic human interaction, which is crucial for developing communicative competence.

Data privacy and ethical issues also require careful attention. AI systems collect large amounts of learner data, raising concerns about data security and responsible use. Educational institutions and developers must ensure transparency, ethical standards, and strong data protection policies.

Additionally, unequal access to advanced technologies may widen educational disparities. Not all students have access to high-quality devices or reliable internet connections, which can limit the effectiveness of AI-based learning tools.

Future Perspectives

The future of artificial intelligence in language learning appears promising. Advances in natural language processing, learning analytics, and virtual reality are expected to further enhance personalized and immersive learning experiences. As higher education increasingly adopts blended and online learning models, AI will continue to play a central role in language education.

In conclusion, artificial intelligence represents a transformative force in higher education language learning. By supporting personalization, feedback, pronunciation training, and learner autonomy, AI-based tools significantly enhance language acquisition and academic performance. Although challenges related to ethics, accessibility, and human interaction remain, thoughtful implementation and responsible use can maximize the benefits of artificial intelligence. Ultimately, AI empowers language learners to become confident, independent, and effective communicators in the modern world.

.

References

1. Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Belknap Press.
2. Dede, C. (2014). The role of digital technologies in deeper learning. Harvard Graduate School of Education.
3. Dunlosky, J., et al. (2013). Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(1), 4–58.
4. Ellis, R. (2015). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press.
5. Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 64–70.

Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna was born on 9th September 2006 in Bukhara. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No.34. She achieved first place twice at the city level of the Mother Tongue and Literature Olympiad and secured second place once at the regional level.

  Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna is a second-year student of the English Philology Faculty at Uzbekistan World Languages University. She is actively engaged in the study of linguistics, foreign language teaching methodology, and modern educational technologies. Her academic interests include digital learning environments, learner autonomy, and the application of technology in language education.

Throughout her studies, she has participated in academic writing and research activities, focusing on contemporary approaches to education and language learning. She demonstrates a strong interest in developing professional skills necessary for teaching and academic research. Olimova Marjona aims to continue her academic and professional development in the field of English language education and educational innovation.

Science and Ethics in the Modern World

Science is one of the greatest achievements of humans. It helps us understand the world, solve problems, and improve our life. But with every scientific discovery comes a responsibility to use it wisely. Ethics guides us to make sure science is used for the benefit of all, not for harm.

Modern society depends on science and technology. Innovations like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and communication tools change the way we work, learn, and interact. However, science without ethics can be dangerous. For example, new technologies can give great advantages, but they may also create unfairness, privacy issues, or environmental problems. Ethics teaches us to ask not only what we can do, but what we should do.

Studying science and ethics together helps us make better choices. The decisions we make today in using technology will affect our habits, our society, and the future. Awareness, responsibility, and careful thinking are the key to using science and technology in a positive and fair way.

In conclusion, science is powerful, but ethics gives it meaning and direction. Every decision, invention, or action matters. By combining knowledge and morality, we can create a world that is not only advanced but also fair, safe, and sustainable.

Developing critical thinking in higher education

Uzbekistan World Languages University
English philology faculty, 2nd year student
Ne’matullayeva Mukhlisa Sherali kizi
nematullayevam8@gmail.com

Abstract: In the context of modern higher education, the development of critical thinking skills has become a central objective of academic instruction. As universities prepare students for complex professional and social environments, the ability to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make reasoned decisions is increasingly essential. This article explores the concept of critical thinking and its significance in higher education. It examines key components of critical thinking, including analysis, evaluation, reflection, and problem-solving. Drawing on educational and cognitive research, the study discusses common barriers to the development of critical thinking, such as passive learning methods, overreliance on memorization, and limited student engagement. The article also highlights effective pedagogical strategies for fostering critical thinking, including active learning, discussion-based instruction, problem-based learning, and reflective practices. Overall, the article provides a structured framework for integrating critical thinking development into higher education and enhancing students’ academic and intellectual independence.

Keywords: Critical thinking, higher education, analytical skills, problem-solving, active learning, student engagement, reflective thinking, academic independence.

Аннотация: В условиях современного высшего образования развитие навыков критического мышления становится одной из ключевых задач академического обучения. Поскольку университеты готовят студентов к сложной профессиональной и социальной среде, способность анализировать информацию, оценивать аргументы и принимать обоснованные решения приобретает особую значимость. В данной статье рассматривается понятие критического мышления и его роль в системе высшего образования. Анализируются основные компоненты критического мышления, включая анализ, оценку, рефлексию и решение проблем. На основе педагогических и когнитивных исследований обсуждаются распространенные препятствия развитию критического мышления, такие как пассивные методы обучения, чрезмерная ориентация на заучивание и ограниченная вовлеченность студентов. Также в статье выделяются эффективные педагогические стратегии формирования критического мышления, включая активное обучение, дискуссионные методы, проблемно-ориентированное обучение и рефлексивные практики. В целом статья предлагает системный подход к интеграции развития критического мышления в высшее образование и повышению академической и интеллектуальной самостоятельности студентов.

Ключевые слова: критическое мышление; высшее образование; аналитические навыки; решение проблем; активное обучение; вовлеченность студентов; рефлексивное мышление; академическая самостоятельность.

   The mission of higher education in the twenty-first century extends far beyond the transmission of disciplinary knowledge. Universities are increasingly expected to develop graduates who can think independently, evaluate information critically, and respond thoughtfully to complex global challenges. In this context, critical thinking has emerged as a cornerstone of academic excellence and lifelong learning. The rapid expansion of digital information has transformed the learning environment, making students more vulnerable to superficial understanding and passive consumption of content. Without well-developed critical thinking skills, learners may struggle to distinguish reliable information from misinformation, synthesize diverse perspectives, or construct coherent arguments. Therefore, fostering critical thinking is not only an academic necessity but also a societal imperative. This article seeks to examine the nature of critical thinking in higher education and explore systematic strategies for its effective development.

Theoretical foundations of critical thinking

   Critical thinking is commonly conceptualized as a form of higher-order thinking involving analysis, evaluation, inference, and self-regulation. According to Facione, critical thinking consists of both cognitive skills and dispositional elements, such as intellectual humility, open-mindedness, and persistence. These dimensions interact to enable individuals to engage in purposeful and reflective judgment. From a constructivist perspective, critical thinking develops through active engagement with knowledge rather than passive reception. Learners construct meaning by questioning assumptions, testing hypotheses, and reflecting on outcomes. In higher education, this process is supported through academic discourse, research-based learning, and exposure to multiple viewpoints. As a result, critical thinking becomes a dynamic intellectual practice rather than a fixed skill.

Cognitive and metacognitive components

   Critical thinking involves a range of cognitive processes, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and synthesis. However, these processes alone are insufficient without metacognitive awareness. Metacognition allows students to monitor their own thinking, recognize cognitive biases, and adjust strategies accordingly.

University students who develop metacognitive skills demonstrate greater academic independence and deeper engagement with learning materials. They are more capable of identifying gaps in understanding, evaluating the strength of arguments, and revising their perspectives. Consequently, metacognition serves as a bridge between knowledge acquisition and critical application.

Methodological approach

   This article adopts a qualitative analytical approach grounded in a review of interdisciplinary educational literature. Key theoretical frameworks and empirical studies on critical thinking development were examined to identify recurring patterns, challenges, and effective instructional practices. Sources were selected based on relevance, academic credibility, and applicability to higher education contexts. The analysis focuses on synthesizing existing research rather than conducting experimental investigation. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of critical thinking as a multidimensional construct influenced by pedagogical, institutional, and learner-related factors.

Barriers to critical thinking development

   Despite its recognized importance, critical thinking remains insufficiently developed in many higher education systems. One significant barrier is the dominance of teacher-centered instruction, which positions students as passive recipients of information. Such environments limit opportunities for questioning, discussion, and intellectual risk-taking. Assessment practices also play a critical role. When examinations prioritize factual recall over analytical reasoning, students are discouraged from engaging in deeper learning. Psychological factors, including fear of failure, low self-confidence, and limited academic autonomy, further constrain critical engagement. These barriers highlight the need for structural and pedagogical reform.

Instructional strategies for enhancing critical thinking

   Effective development of critical thinking requires intentional instructional design. Active learning strategies, such as debates, case studies, and collaborative problem-solving, promote analytical reasoning and perspective-taking. These methods encourage students to articulate arguments, challenge assumptions, and evaluate evidence. Problem-based learning (PBL) is particularly effective in higher education, as it situates learning within authentic, complex problems. Through inquiry-based tasks, students develop reasoning skills and connect theoretical knowledge to real-world contexts. Reflective practices, including journals and self-assessment, further strengthen metacognitive awareness and intellectual responsibility.

Curriculum integration and institutional responsibility

   For critical thinking development to be sustainable, it must be embedded within curriculum structures rather than treated as an isolated objective. Learning outcomes should explicitly emphasize analytical and evaluative competencies, while assessment criteria must reward depth of reasoning and originality. Faculty development is equally essential. Educators require training in designing tasks that promote higher-order thinking and facilitating meaningful academic dialogue. Interdisciplinary learning environments also enhance critical thinking by exposing students to diverse epistemological perspectives.

   The findings of this analysis suggest that critical thinking development is a complex, multi-layered process influenced by instructional practices, institutional culture, and learner motivation. While individual teaching strategies are effective, their impact remains limited without systemic support. A holistic approach that aligns pedagogy, assessment, and curriculum design is therefore essential. Developing critical thinking skills in higher education is a strategic priority for preparing students to meet academic, professional, and societal challenges. This article has demonstrated that critical thinking underpins intellectual autonomy, academic success, and lifelong learning. However, its development requires deliberate pedagogical planning and institutional commitment. By adopting learner-centered approaches, reforming assessment practices, and integrating critical thinking across curricula, higher education institutions can cultivate reflective, adaptable, and responsible graduates capable of navigating an increasingly complex world.

References:

1. Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight Assessment.
2. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life. Pearson.
3. Brookfield, S. D. (2012). Teaching for Critical Thinking. Jossey-Bass.
4. Halpern, D. F. (2014). Thought and Knowledge. Psychology Press.
5. Kuhn, D. (1999). Educational Researcher, 28(2), 16–25.
6. Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for Quality Learning at University.
7. OECD. (2019). Future of Education and Skills 2030.

Muxlisa Ne’matullayeva was born on November 4, 2006. She is a second-year student at the Faculty of World Languages, where she is developing strong skills in foreign languages and intercultural communication. Muxlisa is known for her dedication to learning and her interest in global cultures. She strives to broaden her knowledge and build a successful future through education and continuous self-improvement.