The garden sleeps in silver frost, Beneath a moon of white, While all the summer leaves are lost To winter’s quiet night.
But see, against the coming cold, A single petal wakes, With stories that are yet untold And paths the spirit takes.
A rose of red in January, Upon the frozen vine, A spark of hope, a sanctuary, Where old and new entwine.
It does not fear the changing year, Or what the winds may bring, It holds the secret, soft and clear: That winter dreams of spring.
So let us bloom like this tonight, Though bitter winds may blow, And find our own internal light Amidst the falling snow.
CLOCK
Fernando José Martínez Alderete, México
The clock is leaning toward the edge of night, A heavy weight of months begins to fade. We stand between the shadow and the light, Beside the ghost of every choice we’ve made. The calendar is thinning, leaf by leaf, Until the final pulse, the final breath, A mixture of our triumph and our grief, Is laid to rest beneath the winter’s wreath.
But look—the dark is not an empty space, It is the soil where tomorrow sleeps. The universe prepares a quiet place For every promise that a spirit keeps. The old year was a teacher, stern and wise, Who taught us how to bend but never break, Who showed us how the sun will always rise, Despite the lonely paths we had to take.
So let the midnight bells begin to chime, To wash the dust from every tired soul. We are the weavers of this fabric, Time, And every broken thread can be made whole. Discard the heavy cloak of ‘what has been,’ The bitter words, the burdens, and the fear. A golden gate is opening within, To welcome in the dawning of the year.
The path ahead is silent, soft, and deep, Unmarked by any footstep but your own. There are a thousand promises to keep, And fields of joy that yet remain unsown. May courage be your compass through the gale, May kindness be the lantern in your hand, For even when the strongest spirits fail, New hope will rise like tides upon the sand.
So here we stand, upon the silver line, With hands outstretched to touch the coming day. The stars above in silent witness shine, As old regrets begin to melt away. Drink deep the air, the morning, and the light, The world is born again, forever new. The sun is climbing high above the night, And all the sky is waiting just for you.
Dr. Fernando Martinez Alderete
Writer, poet, theater actor, radio producer. Born in Leon Guanajuato, Mexico on April 21,1977, President of Mil Mentes Por México in Guanajuato. Dr. HC, global leadership and literature. His poems are published in more than 200 anthologies in fifteen countries around the world and he is the author of ten books, of poetry, short stories and novels.
Salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva into the oral cavity. They play an important role in the human body in digestion, moisturizing mucous membranes, protection against microbes, and serving as a source of biomarkers for research purposes. This article discusses the anatomical structure and types of salivary glands, characteristics of their secretions, the mechanism of saliva secretion, their physiological functions, as well as pathological conditions (such as inflammation of the glands, stone formation, Sjögren’s syndrome) and their clinical significance. According to research results, salivary glands perform important roles in protecting mucous membranes interacting with the external environment, initiating digestion, regulating oral microbiota, and providing useful biomarkers for diagnostics. In conclusion, the proper functioning of salivary glands is emphasized as crucial for oral and overall health.
Saliva is a liquid, primarily water-based secretion produced by the salivary glands in the oral cavity, consisting of up to 99% water, as well as various organic (enzymes, immune components) and inorganic compounds. On average, a human produces 0.5–1.5 liters of saliva per day. Salivary glands perform several essential functions for the oral cavity and the entire body: assisting in chewing and swallowing food, partially breaking down food molecules, maintaining oral microbiota and pH balance, moisturizing and protecting mucous membranes, and serving as bioindicators through secreted saliva. Despite their small size, salivary glands are biologically very important organs in the human body.
Discussion
1. Anatomical and Histological Structure:
Salivary glands are classified into major and minor glands. They include parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and other minor glands.
2. Salivary Secretion and Composition:
Saliva is a complex fluid composed of water, electrolytes, enzymes, and immune components.
Diseases affecting salivary glands include sialadenitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, sialolithiasis, tumors, and xerostomia.
5. Regeneration Prospects:
Approaches for restoring gland function are being developed through gene therapy, cell transplantation, and biomarker research.
Results
1. Salivary glands are essential for initiating digestion, protecting mucous membranes, and controlling microbes.
2. Their anatomical and histological structure is adapted to perform various functions.
3. The composition of saliva and its secretion mechanism maintain oral balance.
4. Pathologies disrupt gland functions and negatively affect oral health.
5. Research on regeneration represents a promising direction.
Conclusion
Despite their small size, salivary glands play a vital biological role in the human body. They are crucial not only for initiating digestion but also for protecting mucous membranes and defending against microbes. Additionally, saliva serves as a useful diagnostic biomarker. In the future, research on regeneration and functional restoration of salivary glands is expected to develop further.
References
1. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Salivary Glands — StatPearls, NCBI.
2. Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands — PMC.
3. Physiology, Pathology and Regeneration of Salivary Glands — MDPI.
4. Salivary gland function, development, and regeneration — PMC.
5. Salivary glands (Wikipedia, uz).
6. Saliva (Wikipedia, uz).
7. Pathogenesis and Molecular Genetic Aspects of Salivary Gland Tumors — CyberLeninka.
8. Serous demilune — Wikipedia.
9. Progress in Salivary Glands: Endocrine Glands with Immune Functions — Frontiers.
10. Overview of Human Salivary Glands: Morphology and Histology — Wiley.
O‘roqova Nargiza, born on March 26, 2001, in Ishtikhon District, Samarkand Region. She is currently a first-year grant-funded student at Tashkent State Medical University.
Her professional activity includes working as a Biology teacher at Secondary School No. 33 in Ishtikhon District, Samarkand Region, during the 2024/2025 academic year. She graduated from Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Biology, in the 2020–2024 academic years. She has an excellent command of English, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish.
HIDDEN HISTORY IN THE EYES: THE INNER WORLD OF HUMANS
Aliyeva Aziza Utkirovna
Abstract: This article is devoted to revealing a person’s inner world through the eyes. The author interprets the eyes not only as organs of sight but also as the most reliable mirror of human psyche, emotions, and inner history. The article vividly and profoundly depicts how the eyes reflect human experiences, memories, dreams, and inner sufferings. It also analyzes the possibility of understanding a person’s psyche, personal values, and worldview through the eyes. Written in an artistic style, the article harmonizes psychological and philosophical perspectives, allowing the reader to feel the complex and rich layers of a person’s inner world.
“The eye is a secret, the heart is a sea, the mind is the shore.”
— Rumi
Human eyes are not merely organs for seeing, recognizing, or being recognized. The eyes are the oldest book of a person, the most meaningful language in silence, a unique means of communication that needs no translator. Sometimes one cannot trust a person’s words, yet a fleeting sparkle in their eyes can reveal their entire life. A person’s inner history, experiences, suffering, joy, and dreams—all of these fit into these two small windows.
Reading the hidden history in the eyes means feeling the person, understanding their heart, comprehending them without repeated words. One glance draws a person closer, another pushes them away through the years. The eyes have their own truth, their own seal: there is no deception, no sarcasm, no place for polished words.
Every person’s inner world is unique. In someone’s eyes, the dust of ancient cities, old experiences, and heavy trials are reflected. In another’s eyes, there are yet unwritten pages of life—purity, dreams, simple trust. The eyes are a magical bridge that unites a person’s past and future. As long as a person lives, every experience, every loss and gain, every suffering and joy leaves a new line at the bottom of these eyes.
Sometimes people hide their eyes—they fear their own histories and do not wish to reveal the stories within. But it is impossible to completely cover the eyes. A person reveals themselves even without words. Compared to a world tired of excessive words, the eyes speak truth like a wound: noticeable, yet impossible to conceal.
The idea that the eyes are the mirror of the soul is not merely figurative. A person’s inner world, psyche, upbringing, past, and even what kind of person they will become in the future can be sensed there. By looking into someone’s eyes, one can feel who they are, what they have experienced, what they long for, and what they fear.
A person who can read the hidden history in the eyes understands others quickly. For this history never lies. There are no extra phrases in the conversation of the eyes, only inner truth. Some eyes comfort, some give strength, while others carry traces of hopeless events. Behind every gaze lies a world—a universe—a person.
Therefore, if you want to know a person’s inner world, first look into their eyes. There lie unspoken words, unfinished stories, deep thoughts, and hidden secrets. In every person’s eyes is a history written by themselves but never read to anyone.
Studying the hidden history in the eyes also allows analyzing people’s emotional and mental states. Every glance, every tremor, every smile reflects the questions and answers a person gives to themselves. Thus, the eyes are not only a spiritual mirror but also witnesses of the passage of time, human experiences, and inner changes.
The struggles in a person’s inner world are reflected through the eyes. Sometimes in subtle expressions, sometimes in sharp gazes. For instance, when a person recalls a painful memory, dark clouds appear in their eyes; in moments of joy, light shines. These moments, memories, and feelings are all written in the inner history of the eyes, and this history is never forgotten.
Understanding a person through the eyes is not just looking; it is a harmony of thought, intuition, and inner feelings. Sometimes the smooth silence of the eyes says more than words ever could. The eyes are the most truthful part of a person, leaving no room for lies or hypocrisy. Therefore, by observing the eyes, one can sense not only a person’s mental state but also their personal values and worldview.
Every person creates a hidden bridge between past and future in their eyes. Through the eyes, they recall past mistakes, successes, loves, and losses. In this way, the eyes become an open book of a person’s personal history, where every page is an event, every gaze a trace, every slight tremor an emotion.
Studying the hidden history in the eyes helps to understand a person more deeply. This study is not merely observation but feeling, accepting the learned knowledge with the heart. Therefore, the eyes are the most reliable means of exploring a person’s inner world, for they never lie.
The eyes have a unique magical power: they reveal a person’s inner world, memories, dreams, fears, and hopes. In this way, one can learn much about a person’s mental state, human behavior, and personal values. The eyes are a vivid expression of the richest and most complex history of a person.
The role of eyes in human psyche is not limited to individual memories; they also reveal subtle connections in social relations. Through the eyes, a person connects with others, expresses feelings, and even communicates without words. In this sense, the eyes are one of the oldest and most universal “languages” in human history. Each gaze provides the opportunity to read a person’s unique history and personal experience.
The human inner world is complex and layered. The eyes are like a window that reveals these layers one by one. In one glance, the simple memories of childhood are reflected; in another, the deep thoughts of adulthood. Through the eyes, a person’s inner experiences and emotions are revealed: calmness and anxiety, hope and worry, joy and suffering coexist.
Furthermore, the eyes reveal a person’s personal values and worldview. Through them, a person understands their inner problems and dreams, compares themselves with others, and shapes life decisions. Therefore, studying the eyes is an essential tool for understanding the human psyche. Eyes are delicate and precise indicators that provide a map of a person’s inner world.
Studying the hidden history in the eyes is interesting not only psychologically but also philosophically. Every gaze reflects the complex connection between a person’s past, present moment, and future. In this way, the eyes become a key that helps to understand a person’s inner world more deeply.
I crawled on all fours through the dirt, through the bramble, across freshwater rivers that smelled of a time long before ours,
My lips cracked and dry and the fur between my paws caked with mud.
I ran because they taught me to run.
I sought out hope because all that was left for me in their land was despair.
The sharp glare of their cold metal blades and the stinging alloy of their hollow-point glares seemed to say, “You are not welcome here, beast.”
And after I fled I swore to myself that those words, unspoken yet ringing all too clearly,
Would be the only ones from their mouths to which I would ever listen.
The shaking in my legs and the shiver in my spine remind me of when they first arrived.
Loading their lethal weapons, yelling gruff commands we could not understand, tainting the ocean’s shore with the unwelcome filth of their footprints.
The land upon which they walked had been our domain since time immemorial,
Yet when they set foot upon it they clipped our wings, hoisted us up by our beautiful tails,
Told us our names and what we were to be as if it was our duty to bow down.
As if their soulless, self-centered minds could ever know or understand us, they bound us in black and white and stripped us of our dignity,
Calling us boy, girl, he, she, it, beast, reducing what time knew as precious creatures to a mere curiosity, a conglomerate order of inferior beings which they saw as nothing more than playthings to satisfy their greed and thirst for cruelty.
“Nine coin for a necklace made of rabbit bones.”
“Twelve coin for a pound of venison.”
“Twenty coin for the fur pelt of a fox.”
What was once precious and sacred, by their selfish greed and piercing bullets had become nothing but a target, forced to stagger with matted fur, broken wings, and slit paws into hiding to retain the final scrap of dignity left in our mere breath.
Might I remind you, dearest creature to whom I speak, that we did not choose what we are. We did not choose to belong to the forest – it was the forest that chose us. We will not let them hold us down, harvest our fur for “good luck,” display our formaldehyde-filled corpses as trophies and say it is truth. It is cruelty. If we are to be hunted by those who stormed our kingdom and called us monsters, then let the forest that birthed us be our moonlight, our shelter, our treasure, our true story, so that we may never forget the meaning of peace or harmony. Silent creature, shivering in the cold, never forget your heritage, your homeland, your true colors, or the spirit of the forest that dwells within.
Kattakurgan State Pedagogical Institute Uzbek language and literature 25.03-Group student Aliyeva Zulaykho
Annotatsiya: Maqolada til va adabiyot yo‘nalishi talabalari uchun muhim bo‘lgan ifodali o‘qish praktikumi haqida,uning spetsifik xususiyatlari to‘g‘risida bayon qilingan. Bundan maqsad bo‘lajak o‘qituvchi-pedagoglarda nutqiy savodxonlikni oshirish,ifodali o‘qish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishdir. Nafas,ovoz va tembrdan foydalanish yo‘llari bo‘yicha tadqiqot natijalari bilan bo’lishish. Kalit so‘zlar: Mashq,ovoz,tembr,urg‘u,nafas,pauza,tadqiqot,nafas olish yo‘llari.
Аннотация: В статье описывается практика выразительного чтения, актуальная для студентов филологического факультета, и её особенности. Целью статьи является повышение речевой грамотности и развитие навыков выразительного чтения у будущих учителей. Представлены результаты исследований по использованию дыхания, голоса и тембра. Ключевые слова: Упражнение, голос, тембр, акцент, дыхание, пауза, исследование, дыхательные пути.
Abstract: The article discusses important issues for students of language and literature. The expressive reading practicum and its specific features are described. The goal is to improve speech literacy and develop expressive reading skills in future teachers. Sharing the results of research on the use of breath, voice, and timbre. Keywords: Exercise, voice, timbre, accent, breath, pause, research, respiratory tract.
INTRODUCTION
To read texts, works of art in an expressive, expressive way, it is necessary to pay attention to such physiological phenomena as Breath, pronunciation, voice, timbre-that is, the most important of these is breath. In the process of speech, breath adjustments between words and sentences arise-from the need to take a new reserve of air and restore a weakened breath.
Professor Nizamiddin Mahmudov,in his book “Culture of Teacher Speech”, cites the information that the famous ancient Greek orator Demosthenes could not speak beautifully and impressively, initially with a low voice, poor pronunciation, short breath. In social communication intervention, beautiful, clean and touching speech has always taken its place from the center of topical issues. Even today, there are such shortcomings among young speakers, that is, educators. Most of our scholars have conducted their own research on these issues. In particular, the teaching manual “Basics of expressive reading”, created by the S.Inomkhojayev and A.Zunnunov, recommended certain types of breathing exercises to improve breathing activity. In today’s study, we used an experimental study and tried to find solutions to issues such as breathing methods, how to get it right. This study was conducted among members of the community who were just starting to study speech science, and the results were obtained.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this experimental study, two high school seniors were selected, and during an expressive reading session, breathing exercises were performed in two different ways, and then the text was taught, in order to check who had a deeper breath, did not break quickly. In this, the first teenager was compared with the method of concentrating breathing through a counting exercise, and the second-with methods of collecting breathing through a abdominal pulling exercise. That is, a counting exercise is an exercise that initially counts from one to five. After one to five counts, the breath is taken and the exercise is continued again. The number is then increased to ten, followed by 15.20.25.The next abdominal pull-up exercise was also mastered by the second student. In this case, air will accumulate, filling the lungs with the abdomen pulled into it, and the resulting breath will have to be exhaled in sections. Through these two types of exercises, the skills of getting, Holding and controlling breathing correctly are generated. And proper control of breathing is the basis of expressive reading practice.
REVIEW OF USED LITERATURE
In the literature of medicine, three different types of breathing are indicated: 1.Breathing from the gift; 2.Chest – breathing through the abdomen; 3. Mixed breathing. When speaking, it is necessary to breathe smoothly, naturally without hoarseness, spend it at the request of the desired tone. In the tutorial “Basics of expressive reading”, created by S.Inomkhojayev and A.Zunnunov, the following five different breathing exercises are recommended to improve breathing activity:
1.Control exercise. In this case, it is carried out with the aim of controlling the correct intake of breath in a diaphragm-mixed way. In this case, while standing freely and pressing two ribs with both hands, a slow, deep breath is taken, and again slowly exhale. A deep breath raises the arm placed on the rib to two sides.
2.Abdominal pulling exercise. This is an exercise in pulling the abdomen up while “holding “ the air filled with the lungs. 3.Counting exercise (in which the methodology of studies was given in part). 4.Musajja ‘ exercise. In this case, the saj’ texts are pronounced freely, taking a breath in two or three places, and then a long breath is taken. In S.Karimov’s book” The culture of speech and the art of Mutola”, it is said about breathing: the correct way to breathe-release is the physical basis of sound resonance. Incorrect breathing negatively affects the sound ringing, sound polishing is impaired. By developing the skill of diaphragmatic-rib breathing and using sound amplification devices, you can improve the quality of sound and make it more resonant.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Experimental research results: breath-holding skills in expressive reading of texts have tested positive through both exercises. However, it should be noted-that the second of these methods, that is, the control of breathing through a counting exercise, showed a relatively superior result. After the rehearsals, both testers were given the text of the lecture and a request was made to read it expressively. Recent results have shown that the student who breathed through the counting exercise did not make false interruptions in the text. The purpose of this was not to read the text in one breath, but to reach the point where the thought completion was given, not to “patch” the end of the text, and in this the second method prevailed. This is due to the fact that in a counting exercise, there is a gradual increase, that is, a state of holding the breath for a longer period of time, so that each breathing interval is extended. When speaking with an expression, it is recommended to do such exercises regularly, and not at that time frame.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the characteristic that determines the spiritual status of a person is his speech. When speech loses its affectivity, logic, clarity and purity, and expressiveness, it also spontaneously affects our level among society. And in order to increase the concentration of these signs in our speech, we need to regularly perform the exercises presented above. In order to properly control breathing, it is recommended to mention riddles in combination with the above exercises, also increasing the number in one breath. Of course, there are also special guides and exercise books for speakers, the use of which will not be of use to ourselves. The platform” you tube “also has ten” Lesson of Sukhandon ” of the speaker and singer Shuhrat Qayumov. It was also in these lessons that breathing techniques were taught in detail. Hence, the main weapon of expressive speech is the ability to control breathing.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI
1.Nizomiddin Mahmudov (2009). O‘qituvchi nutqi madaniyati. Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O‘zbekiston Milliy kutubxonasi nashriyoti. 2.Nor’qul Bekmikrzayev (2007).Nutq madaniyati va notiqlik asoslari.O’zbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi ‘Fan” nashriyoti. 3.R.Rasulov, Q.Mo‘ydinov (2015).Nutq madaniyati va notiqlik san’ati.Toshkent. 4.Suyun Karimov (2020).Nutq madaniyati va mutolaa san’ati.Samarqand:SamDu nashri. 5.Ziyoda Masharipova (2011).Ifodali o‘qish praktikumi.Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O‘zbekiston Milliy kutubxonasi nashriyoti. 6.Suxandonlik darslari. You Tube Registon TV. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2TP8Mg_Nyw
