Introduction This article analyzes the impact of migration on culture from the perspectives of personal identity, cultural adaptation, and transformation. Migration is not only a geographical phenomenon but also a process that leads to significant changes in cultural space. This research examines cultural hybridity and individuals’ understanding of their cultural identity within the context of migration.
The article is based on a theoretical analysis conducted at the intersection of cultural studies and the social sciences. In today’s technology-driven world, migration has become a global tendency. Economic inequality, political instability, and opportunities for education and employment are among the main factors that motivate people to move from one region to another. When migrants settle in a new place, they bring their traditional customs, language, and mentality with them. As a result, intercultural interaction and mutual cultural influence increase.
Sociological and Cultural Background In sociology and cultural studies, migration is defined as the permanent or temporary relocation of people. Culture encompasses historical experience, customs, language, art, and other social conditions of a society. Therefore, migration is an indispensable part of social life and cultural development. Cultural scholars argue that migrants initially attempt to preserve their original culture; however, over time, they gradually adopt elements of the host culture. Migration also influences individuals’ self- perception. Migrants living in a new cultural environment often face the question, “Who am I?” This situation triggers the reconstruction of cultural identity.
Cultural Adaptation and Identity
Migrants are required to adapt to new cultural norms while simultaneously striving to preserve their traditional, religious, or linguistic identities. This dual process contributes to cultural development and transformation. As a result of migration, cultural hybridity emerges. Cultural hybridity manifests itself in language use, clothing styles, and everyday practices. For example, in regions with migrant populations, new festivals, as well as literary and musical forms, may develop. Traditional values are often reinterpreted within the context of migration.
Globalization andMigration Globalization is one of the main factors that accelerates migration. Advances in information technologies and transportation systems strengthen intercultural connections. Globalization provides practical conditions for migration; however, a major challenge in the globalized world is the preservation of cultural identity.
Conclusion Migration is a process that exerts a profound and multifaceted influence on culture in contemporary society. It leads to the reshaping of personal identity as well as to cultural hybridity and transformation. While migration intensifies intercultural interaction and enriches societies culturally, it also creates challenges related to cultural adaptation and identity preservation. Therefore, a thorough examination of these issues is essential for ensuring intercultural harmony in the future.
(Young Central Asian woman with long straight dark hair, brown eyes, a white collared shirt, and a black and white striped vest standing outside on grass near a parking lot on a sunny day)
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF COMPARING FRENCH PROVERBS WITH UZBEK PROVERBS
Masharipova Sayyora
Samarkand State Institute or Foreign language.
Romance and Germanic Languages
3rd year student or Philology and
Language Teaching (French)
Annotation: this article will talk about the analysis of the results of comparing French proverbs to Uzbek proverbs, the formulation of Proverbs, the content of the essence. Also, its role in the culture of our people is analyzed on the example of Proverbs. The translation of Proverbs of another nation is a meditation on the important importance of friendship between peoples.
Keywords: qavlun, friendship, social, psychological, moral education,
INTRODUCTION
Friendship is a socio – moral and psychological concept. Mutual respect represents a form of human interaction based on liking, generality of interests, intimacy, mutual understanding. As a form of human communication, friendship is close to the concepts of brotherhood, comradeship, and brotherhood, but from a psychological point of view, it differs from them in its uniqueness, selectivity, and emotionality. Friendship, as an ethical psychological phenomenon and personal trait, changes with a person’s age (friendship in childhood, adolescence), with the formation of the individual (friendship at school, during student years, in the army).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A proverb is a short, but meaningful and often wise saying that expresses the experience, moral values, and life lessons of a people. Proverbs are often used in oral literature, in the educational process, or in everyday life. They are used for the following purposes:
1.Expressing experience and wisdom: Proverbs often embody the long-standing experience of a people and provide life lessons.
2. Moral education: when they explain moral values, correct and inappropriate behavior helps.
3. Enriching communication: Proverbs make speech colorful and interesting, adding depth to communication.
4. Learning and remembering: Because proverbs are short and easy to remember, they can be useful in the learning process.
5. Preservation of Culture: Proverbs play an important role in preserving the cultural heritage of a nation as they are passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, proverbs are important not only in language and literature, but also in various aspects of our lives.
REVIEW OF USED LITERATURE
Friendship, as an ethical psychological phenomenon and personal trait, changes with a person’s age (friendship in childhood, adolescence), with the formation of the individual (friendship at school, during student years, in the army). The social moral environment, the way of life of people determine the meaning and essence of friendship. Noble behavior brings friendship, bad behavior brings hostility. Friendship is an invaluable beauty of human morality, a gem of positive qualities. If all the beautiful qualities in a person are like a string of pearls, the pearl of them is friendship based on true human love. Thanks to friendship, our homes are prosperous, peace reigns in the world, and abundance is on our tables. That is why wise people have always praised and valued friendship in all societies and encouraged people to always be friends and make more friends.
Amir Temur says: “I did good to the good, and I left the bad to their own bad deeds.” Whoever made a friendship for me, I did not forget the value of his friendship and showed him grace, donation, izzatu.””While my friend is friendly to my enemy, I don’t count him as a friend. Beware of sugar added to poison ” – Abu Ali Ibn Sino. “Live like this with your friends. Have no words to speak about you when they are enemies. Live with your enemies so that your face does not blush when you are friends.”- Jalalidin Rumiy.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
French articles about friends and their Uzbek equivalents
Un veritable ami est le plus rare que l’or et l’argent – a true friend is more rare than gold and silver
Prefer wealth.
The meaning of this phrase is that true friends, that is, loyal, reliable, and sincere people, are more important than financial or material wealth.
Friends support each other, help each other in difficult times, and spend happy moments together.
L’amitie ne saurait exister entre deux etres parfaitement identiques – two perfect strangers cannot be friends.
This proverb generally means that a friendship or relationship between two people is unreliable or negative. The word haramza refers to a person who is malicious, treacherous, or unreliable. Overall, this article highlights the importance of trust and sincerity in friendship.
True friendship thinks high, always speaks the truth, and never holds a grudge – a friend does not harm, a harmful friend does not harm.
This proverb has a deep meaning about friendship and relationships between people. This proverb emphasizes that true friendship must have trust, loyalty, and sincerity. If a friend is harmful, meaning he is malicious or harmful, then he is not considered a true friend.
Mille connaissances ne valent pas un veritable ami-good friend face
better than a relative.
This proverb emphasizes the importance of friendship and the value of a real friend.
Among people, dostship is often deeper than kinship, and
may be more sincere. Relationships with relatives are sometimes based on obligation or blood – kinship, but friendship is based more on trust and mutual respect.
Adversity is the touchstone of friendship – a friend is known in a time of trouble.
The meaning of this proverb is that true friends show themselves in difficult and difficult times, that is, during times of problems, difficulties, or trials. In such situations, the authenticity and loyalty of friendship are tested. On the other hand, this proverb emphasizes how important relationships between people are and how important friendship is in difficult times. Qui s’aime trop n’a point d’amis – not having friends is a bad thing. This article suggests that a person who has no friends may experience a change in his or her mental state, feelings, and character in a negative direction. Friends play an important role in a person’s life, serving as a source of help, support, and positive energy. Aime l’ami tien, avec le defaut sien – A friend who seeks a friend without fault will be left friendless. This proverb emphasizes the complexity of true friendship and the need to accept people’s shortcomings. This proverb means that everyone has flaws, so looking for a friend without flaws can ultimately lead to being friendless. In friendship, it is important to understand, understand each other’s shortcomings, be patient and accept each other.
Vieille amitie ne craint pas la rouille-ancient friendship stainless. This proverb emphasizes the stability of friendship and its importance over time.This proverb means that true friendship does not lose its value over time, but rather becomes stronger.This article also encourages us to appreciate the value of friendship, maintain and develop relationships with old friends.
Qui met des restrictions A L’amitie what La connait pas-store sweeper said killer.
This goal emphasizes the importance of friendship and the wrongs and harms that naturally come with its loss. This proverb means that losing a friendship or breaking it is a very painful and sad situation, even comparable to murder. Overall, this article encourages us to understand the value of friendship and to cherish it.
Dis-moi, qui tu frequentes je te dirai qui tu es-tell me your friend, I’ll tell you who you are.
This phrase emphasizes the connection between friendship and the character of a person. Whoever people make friends with can know a lot about their personality, interests and values. For example, if your friends value loving, sincere qualities and strive to develop them in yourself. Thus, we can better understand ourselves through our friends.
Un ami est un tresor-your friend’s fortune.
This phrase emphasizes the value of friendship, its importance in life, and the connections between people. Friends not only help each other in difficult times, but also share happy moments, support each other, and experience life’s various experiences together.
Thus, our friends are our most valuable wealth, because they make our lives more meaningful and happy.
Les bons comptes font les bons amis – the reckoned friend is inseparable.
This proverb expresses the need for understanding, respect, and helping each other in order for a friendship to be true and lasting. This means that when there is knowledge and sincerity of each other’s value in friendship, their relationship will be strong and lasting.
Amitie passe le gand-test a friendly friend in a climax.
This proverb emphasizes the authenticity of friendship and its importance in times of difficulty. This phrase means that true friends support each other in difficult situations and overcome trials. Friendship shows itself not only in good times, but also in difficult times.
A proverb is a genre of oral folk art, a short and concise, figurative and non-figurative, grammatically and logically complete meaningful expression, with deep meaning. It has a specific, clear form. Proverbs embody the life experiences, attitudes towards society, history, mental state, ethical and aesthetic feelings, and positive qualities of the ancestors. It has been polished among the people for centuries and has come into a compact and simple poetic form. The term “proverb” comes from the Arabic word qavlun – to speak, to say. The history of the study of the genre of the article dates back to Mahmud Kashgari. In his work “Devonu lexicat turk”, about 400 proverbs and sayings are included, Beyond which we can see that proverbs are given special attention in the work of Alisher Navoi, Sultan of the word estate, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur and others.
The proverbs are extremely rich and diverse in subject matter. A variety of proverbs have been created on topics such as homeland, labor, crafts, friendship, harmony, wisdom, vigilance, language and speech culture, love and affection, as well as negative traits. The dialectical unity of content and form, rhyme in many cases, sometimes polysemy, and richness of figurative meanings are characteristic of the article. The phenomenon of antithesis is often found in proverbs (Respect the elder, honor the younger).
Proverbs are used in various situations and contexts. They are used in the following cases.
1. In presenting life lessons:
Proverbs are usually used to express important lessons or experiences in life. For example, to remind caution before doing something.
2. In counseling: one can strengthen one’s thoughts by saying Proverbs when people advise one another. This is seen, for example, in the article “Think before you start.”
3. In moral education: Proverbs are used as an important tool in explaining and teaching moral values, such as “Do good and you will see good.”
4. In communication: during a conversation, proverbs are used to enrich and make communication interesting. They help to express thoughts briefly and clearly.
5. When making jokes or jokes: Some proverbs can be funny or humorous, so they are used among friends or in informal settings.
6. At events and celebrations: Proverbs are often used in speeches or wishes at celebrations, weddings, or other events.
Thus, proverbs can be used in different situations and for different purposes, while their purpose is often to express life experiences in a concise and precise manner.
CONCLUSION
In short, people’s lifestyle, thinking, and environment also play an important role in the formation of proverbs. This article expresses how important friendship is.
Shunday qilib, maqollar turli vaziyatlarda va maqsadlarda ishlatilishi mumkin, ularning maqsadi esa ko’pincha hayotiy tajribalarni qisqa va aniq ifodalashdir.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR ROʻYXATI
1. Abdullayeva, N. U. q. (2021). O‘zbek va ingliz xalq maqollarida do‘stlik tushunchasi masalalari. Scientific Progress, 2(1), 377.
2. Mirzayev, T., Musoqulov, A., & Sarimsoqov, B. (Tuzuvchilar). (2005). O‘zbek xalq maqollari. Toshkent: Sharq nashriyot-matbaa aksiyadorlik kompaniyasi.
3. Rajabova, Z. I., & Ikromova, L. B. (2024). Education proverbs in French and their equivalents in Uzbek. American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education, 28, 241. https://www.grajournalus
4. Salimova, M. J., & Yakubov, J. A. (2021). Fransuz va o‘zbek maqollarining lingvokulturologik xususiyatlari. Nauki, 108.
5. Назарян, А. Г. (1987). Фразеология современного французского языка (2-е изд., перераб. и доп., с. 215). Москва: Высшая школа.
English poetic adaptation (song-style): I carry all my sorrow in my heart, I take my longing everywhere I go. When I hear your voice, my soul still shakes, Please don’t cry from missing me, my mom. If I hide my love deep down inside, If I fail to say how much I care, Please don’t say, “My child has me forgot,” Please don’t cry from longing, mom, my dear. If I spread my pain before your eyes, I know your heart could never bear it all. That is why I keep it locked inside, Please don’t cry for me at all, my mom. For me you gave up everything you had, Knowing this, my conscience won’t stay still. Far away, I carry all your pride, Please don’t think of me so much, my mom. Think of yourself, at least just once or two, Your whole life’s been “my child” night and day. I know I am the heartbeat in your chest, But please, just once, think of yourself… my mom.
Nigora Nurullayeva has actively participated in numerous competitions, contests, projects, and webinars to date. She is the proud recipient of multiple local and international certificates, reflecting her dedication, initiative, and commitment to continuous learning. I often write some poems and stories.
No world of countless realms could feel such cheer,
If once you tell my heart: “Do not cry.”
My name is Alisherova Hurmatoy. I was born on October 21, 2007, in Toshloq district of Fergana region, Republic of Uzbekistan. I graduated from Secondary School No. 4 in the same district with a GPA of 4.82. In 2024, I was recommended for admission to Fergana State University, majoring in Primary Education, on a state-funded (grant) basis.
In 2025, I became the holder of a 100% proficiency certificate in the Uzbek Language and Literature. Currently, I am both a student and a teacher, teaching native language and mathematics to students.
My life motto is: “Stopping for one day is equal to losing years.”
Speaking about my creative journey, I am a student of the poet Abdulla Boqiy Kenjaboyev, and I have been writing poetry since the age of 7–8. It has been ten years since I started writing poems. At present, I am working on publishing a book of my own authorship.
Behind every poem I write lie my mother’s prayers, my teachers’ trust, and a great deal of my own effort. A person does not become a poet by chance; it is said that poetic talent is a gift granted only to the chosen ones. I am truly happy to be among those chosen, and through this talent, I continuously strive to raise the name of Uzbekistan to even greater heights.
Today’s guest is the distinguished young Uzbek poet, journalist, and translator Jakhongir Nomozov — a member of the Azerbaijan Journalists’ Union and the World Union of Young Poets, the Uzbekistan correspondent for Azerbaijan’s “Butov Azerbaijan” newspaper, a recipient of numerous international literary awards, and a devoted promoter of literature and cultural dialogue.
E. M: Esteemed Jakhongir, do you tell us about the beginning of your passion for the literary arts and where your first inspirations originated?
J. N: I believe that every human has an innate inclination and inner need for literature and art. For some, this need awakens early; for others, it emerges through certain life trials. For me, love for literature was strong from childhood. Nature, goodness, love — these are my main sources of inspiration. Rivers, sometimes calm, sometimes rushing; the infinite sky — all of these turned into poetry in my soul. Innocent childhood memories, the highs and lows of life, joys and pains — all shaped me not only as a poet but also as a human. Poetry is not a chosen profession for me, but an inner necessity, a spiritual need.
E. M: Is literature becoming a closed system where the “original voice” matters less than the right connections?
J. N: A very painful yet important question… Unfortunately, history shows that true talents are not always appreciated in their time. Many great creators were ignored during their lives, and their worth was recognized only after death. This bitter truth remains relevant today. In contemporary literary circles, sometimes a work’s inner power, artistic depth, or spiritual weight is overshadowed by the author’s family name, status, or connections. This makes the path harder for talented creators without influential support, slowing their voice. Yet, I still believe in the justice of words. True words withstand the test of time. A work unrecognized today will find its reader tomorrow. Literature is a marathon, not a sprint. The most important thing for a poet or writer is conscience and sincerity. Connections may give temporary advantage, but talent is eternal.
E.M: Is literature becoming a closed system where the “original voice” matters less than the right connections?
J. N: Partially, unfortunately, yes. Today, in some literary spaces, it seems that who opens the door matters more than the voice itself. This contradicts literature’s natural laws, as literature has never thrived in isolation — it always feeds on the hearts of the people.
Yet, I firmly believe that literature’s true domain can never be fully closed. It finds its voice through invisible paths. Even if platforms are closed today, time is the most just editor. A creator with a true voice will eventually be heard, because fake connections crumble, but genuine words endure.
E.M: How can an emerging author, lacking establishment support, break the wall of editorial indifference?
J.N: First of all, a young writer must not lose their inner independence. Editorial indifference is often not due to lack of talent, but fear of a bold voice, since new ideas always disrupt comfort. A new creator must understand that every rejection is not a stop sign but a direction marker. If one door closes, find another. Today, digital space, translations, international platforms, and independent publishing exist.
E. M: Is there a risk that this familiarity will lead to a homologation of style, punishing those who dare to innovate?
J. N: Certainly, the danger exists. In environments dominated by connections, courage is punished and flatterers rewarded. Consequently, literature can become a mechanical organism instead of a living being. Yet, history shows that the greatest literary breakthroughs came precisely from “incompatible,” “unsuitable,” and “uncomfortable” voices.
Stylistic uniformity may create temporary calm, but innovation always breaks through that calm. I believe true creators fear neither punishment nor recognition; their courage is measured by inner truth.
E. M: Why is art often seen today as a “hobby” and not as a profession that requires sacrifice?
J. N: Today, the world measures productivity by speed and value by profit. Art, especially literature, is seen as less “serious” because it does not immediately generate financial gain. Yet art is one of the most complex and responsible forms of human labor. Behind every line of a poet are years of accumulated knowledge, spiritual struggle, inner conflict, and moral responsibility. History shows us: Dostoevsky lived in debt, Kafka’s works went largely unnoticed in his lifetime, Van Gogh sold only one painting. They treated art not as a hobby, but as a matter of life and death. Today, the question “How do you earn?” shows a lack of understanding, not a denial of art.
E.M: In a world of “quick numbers,” have we lost the ability to recognize slow talent, the one that takes time to understand?
J.N: Unfortunately, yes. Today, talent is often measured by visibility: views, likes, quick spread. True talent does not always appear instantly; it often matures in silence.
Literary history gives many examples: Navoiy’s works were not written for a single day’s hype, Kafka and Borges were not overnight successes. Understanding their works requires time, preparation, and inner maturity. Today’s “fast-number” culture sidelines complex, slowly digested works. As a result, society is accustomed to quick consumption, which dulls discernment. Recognizing talent is not algorithmic; it’s a matter of cultural literacy.
E. M: What is the impact of digital gratuity on the perception of the value of literary work?
J.N: Digital free distribution is a double-edged sword. On one hand, it democratizes access: a young poet in a remote area can share their voice globally. That is positive. On the other hand, “everything is free” devalues literary labor. Texts become mere consumable content, read and forgotten. The work of a creator over years can feel equal to a single post. Literature demands not speed, but contemplation. If society forgets the value of time and effort, art becomes shallow.
E.M: Can a society call itself civilized if it doesn’t invest in less commercial but more visionary creative minds?
J.N: No, such a society cannot be called cultured. Culture is not today’s profit, but tomorrow’s future. If society supports only quickly consumable products, it trades its future for short-term gain.
E. M: The creative today must also be a “marketing expert”: how much does this take away from pure creation?
J.N: Creativity requires inner calm and concentration. If a poet or writer thinks about “how many likes” rather than their own words, their creative world becomes conditional and artificial. Shakespeare never worried about audience numbers; his world was linked to characters, words, and spirit. Today, algorithms favor short, digestible, viral content, pressuring creators to bypass their inner voice. The result: artistic depth declines, spiritual sincerity weakens. Yet, if a creator remains true to their voice, marketing is only a tool, not a master.
E. M: Is social media really atrophying the public’s ability to read complex works like novels or poetry collections?
J.N: Yes, social networks can weaken the ability to read complex works like novels or poetry collections. They encourage rapid consumption, shifting attention to short blocks.
Multi-layered works demand attention, patience, and internal rhythm, which social media reduces. Yet, these platforms can also attract new audiences. A young reader may discover a full book after seeing a short excerpt online. Thus, social media can both empower and weaken, depending on conscious engagement.
M. E: Is the algorithm the new literary critic?
How does it influence what we write?
J.N: Yes, algorithms have become an “uncertain critic,” shaping literary taste. They favor short, easily read, and widely spread texts. Creators may lose their personal voice, adapting to algorithmic rules. Instagram poems or Twitter micro-thoughts gain visibility, but complex philosophical works appear lower. This creates internal pressure: “what should I write?” An algorithm is not a critic; it is an interest gauge. True literary critique depends on time, philosophy, context, and depth. Adapting to algorithms increases visibility, not artistic truth.
E. M: Digital Ego Fragility: How Does Like Addiction Undermine Writers’ Resilience?
J.N: Likes, reposts, follows are stimulants for today’s creators but make the ego fragile. If a writer ties their value to external approval, rejection triggers depression, doubt, and creative blocks.
A young poet expecting 1000 likes but receiving 100 may feel inadequate. Motivation then becomes artificial, prioritizing likes over genuine voice.
E. M: Imposter Syndrome: How Much Does Comparison Affect the (Often Apparent) Success of Others?
J.N: Imposter syndrome forces creators to undervalue themselves. Comparing to famous writers can intensify internal critique, blocking creative flow. Creators must follow their own path and voice.
E. M: Does hyper-connection prevent us from finding the inner silence necessary for great writing?
J.N: Constant connectivity and rapid information flow disrupt inner calm, necessary for great literature. Complex philosophical works require deep thought and concentration.
E. M: Are fear of offending or “cancel culture” limiting the authors’ sincerity?
J. N: Yes, fear of offending or “cancel culture” limits sincerity. Creators restrict themselves, weakening creative honesty. True literature must remain free; self-censorship makes it artificial.
E.M: What impact have organizations like “World Talents” and “World Union of Young Turkish Writers” had on its growth?
J. N: These organizations not only provided a platform, but also expanded my spiritual space.
Every creator gains energy from attention, recognition, and encouragement; I too was inspired. Such external support fuels my future successes. Creativity cannot be measured by awards or membership; it is measured by the rise of thought, imagination, worldview, and finding one’s full voice. These experiences enriched my work, broadened my perspective, and shaped my voice.
E. M: What differences do you have between your role for “Butov Azerbaycan” and the Turkish magazine “SIIR SARNICI”?
J.N: Both serve the same goal: strengthening literary ties, promoting intercultural harmony and friendship — the main mission of my creative life. Through this, not only do connections form, but each creator finds a chance to share their voice globally.
E. M: Which of her many journalistic and literary affiliations was the most significant to her?
J.N: Each of my journalistic and literary roles opened a door to my heart. Most importantly, international projects allowed me to engage with people sincerely as a poet and journalist. Creativity and journalism exist not in solitude but as bridges between humans. This feeling makes all my roles meaningful.
E. M: He has received prestigious awards such as the “Abay” Medal and the “Guzel Alania Award”. Which of these has the deepest meaning for her?
J.N: Among prestigious awards, the “Abay” medal holds the deepest spiritual meaning. Abay symbolizes humanity, knowledge, philosophy, and literature. This award reminds me: creativity is not merely wordcraft, but enriching the human spirit. The “Guzel Alania Award” honors international recognition and dialogue, making both important, yet the Abay medal touches the heart most deeply.
E. M: How did your vision influence the “Amir Temur Fund Commemorative Badge”?
J.N: The “Amir Temur Memorial” inspired me profoundly. Temur represents not just empire-building, but a center of culture and spirit. This award is not just recognition, but dialogue with history and values. I aim to remain a creator true to myself, inspired but not imitating historical figures.
E.M: Tell us about his books: “Rebels in My Heart,” “Sacred Space,” and “Song of Awakening.” What themes unite them?
J. N: My books share themes of love, humanity, spiritual awakening, and the pure voice of the heart.
They are guides in the journey of self-discovery, not mere stories.
E. M: Does he change his creative approach between poetry, journalism and translation?
J.N: Poetry, journalism, and translation complement each other. Poetry expresses inner states; journalism develops observation and analysis; translation opens doors to other hearts, building bridges between languages and cultures.
The principle is always the same: sincerity and fidelity to one’s inner voice.
E. M: If he had to choose only one field of action for the rest of his life, which one would he choose?
J.N: If I had to choose one path for life, I would choose poetry. Poetry is the purest, truest, most beautiful expression of the human heart. Journalism and translation are valuable tools, but poetry awakens the soul and nourishes the heart. A single line can contain a whole world, history, and future aspiration.
E.M: His connection to Azerbaijan and patriotism: how does this theme shape his work?
J.N: Though I never lived in Azerbaijan, I feel close to its history, culture, literature, and people. Patriotism in my work coexists with universal human values. Literature and love know no borders.
E. M: At the end of this dialogue, what advice and messages would Jakhongir like to leave to those who read his thoughts, so that they can be welcomed as seeds of peace in the soul?
J.N: I want to tell readers: every word can plant a seed in the heart. Plant it with love, sincerity, and honesty. If seeds of peace, love, and conscience grow, the world responds in kind. Each person’s inner world is a garden. Nurture it with books, poetry, art, and sincere dialogue. Most importantly, preserve humanity; spread love and let your inner voice always remain true. Through that voice, humanity preserves its peace, culture, and future.
National Idea, Fundamentals of Spirituality, and Legal Education: Three Pillars of New Uzbekistan’s Development
Author: Abdug’aniyev Shexrozbek Email: abduganiyevshexroz8@gmail.com ORCID: 0009-0000-8960-4350 University: Andijan State University, Faculty of Law and Economics Specialization: Fundamentals of National Idea, Spirituality, and Legal Education, Group 101
Abstract: This article analyzes the role and significance of the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education in the development of New Uzbekistan. The study examines the interrelation of these three pillars in shaping personal development, civic consciousness, and building a democratic and lawful state. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, normative-legal documents, and ongoing reforms, it is determined that the national idea serves as an ideological foundation uniting society, spirituality fosters social responsibility and moral values, and legal education is a crucial factor in enhancing citizens’ legal culture. The findings demonstrate that the integrated development of these three pillars is essential for ensuring sustainable development and progress in New Uzbekistan.
Keywords: national idea, spirituality, legal education, New Uzbekistan, development
Introduction
In the current era of globalization and rapid reforms, ensuring the development of New Uzbekistan requires a profound and systematic approach in all spheres of social life. In this process, the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education emerge as key factors for sustainable development of society. In particular, fostering loyalty to national values, high moral qualities, and legal culture among the younger generation remains one of the priority directions of state policy.
During the nation-building process, enhancing citizens’ social activity, legal consciousness, and spiritual awareness plays a crucial role in strengthening democratic principles. While the national idea serves as an ideological foundation uniting society, spirituality ensures the moral and ethical development of the individual. Legal education, in turn, is a critical tool for promoting the rule of law, understanding citizens’ rights and freedoms, and developing compliance skills.
Purpose of the study: To scientifically analyze the interrelation of the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education in the development of New Uzbekistan and their impact on societal progress.
Research Methodology
This study focuses on the role and interconnection of the national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education in the development of New Uzbekistan.
Methods:
General and specific scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction-deduction)
Comparative-analytical method for reviewing approaches in national and international sources
Analysis of normative-legal acts, state programs, and conceptual documents
Systemic approach to view the national idea, spirituality, and legal education as interconnected components of a unified social system
Results
1. National Idea The national idea in the context of New Uzbekistan acts as a dynamic ideological foundation that unites society around modern, democratic, and economic development goals. It provides a meaningful basis for shaping civic morality and legal consciousness.
2. Fundamentals of Spirituality Spirituality serves as a foundation for stability and social cohesion. During reforms, maintaining the integrity of the moral-ethical system alongside economic and institutional changes is crucial. National and spiritual values—such as diligence, justice, family values, tolerance, and patriotism—enrich an individual’s inner world while fostering social responsibility and respect for the law.
3. Legal Education Legal education goes beyond teaching knowledge of laws; it develops legal culture—understanding the rule of law, respect for individual rights, legal responsibility, and practical application. Legal literacy transforms citizens into socially active participants in governance, thus ensuring the implementation of democratic and lawful principles of the national idea.
4. Interrelation and Synergistic Effect The three pillars—national idea, spirituality, and legal education—form a mutually reinforcing system:
The national idea provides content and purpose for spirituality and legal education.
Spirituality fosters loyalty to the national idea and internal acceptance of legal requirements.
Legal education expresses and protects democratic principles and societal norms in a legal framework.
The practical result of this integration is the formation of citizens with moral-legal awareness, loyalty to the homeland, and the ability to harmonize democratic values—key actors in New Uzbekistan’s sustainable development.
Discussion
Analysis shows that the national idea, spirituality, and legal education complement and strengthen each other, contributing significantly to the stable development of society. The integrated development of these three pillars is crucial for ensuring the democratic, legal, and spiritual stability of New Uzbekistan.
Practical Recommendations:
Develop curricula that integrate the national idea, spirituality, and legal education from school to higher education.
Promote public awareness programs highlighting the interconnection of these three factors.
Implement projects to enhance youth’s legal and spiritual literacy in collaboration with civil society institutions.
Direct legal education programs not only towards knowledge of laws but also towards understanding their moral, ethical, and social significance.
5. Conclusion
The national idea, fundamentals of spirituality, and legal education constitute inseparable pillars of New Uzbekistan’s development. They play a vital role in ensuring societal stability and raising civic consciousness. The study demonstrates that integrated development of these three factors significantly contributes to the progress of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
References
Abduxoliqov, J. (2023). National Idea and Social Development in Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Uzbekistan National Publishing.
Karimov, I. (2017). High Values and Spirituality as a Foundation of Society. Tashkent: Academy of Sciences Press.
Mamatqulov, S., & Ergashev, B. (2021). Legal Education and Rule of Law in Modern States. Journal of Legal Studies, 12(3), 45–62.
Mirzaev, T. (2022). Spirituality, Legal Culture and Youth Development. Andijan: Andijan State University Press.
Nazarov, A. (2020). Civic Consciousness and Democratic Reforms in Uzbekistan. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 78–95.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasi. (2019). Tashkent: Huquqiy axborot markazi.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2020-yil 5-martdagi PF-5955-son Farmoni “Yangi O‘zbekiston strategiyasi to‘g‘risida”.
Ecotourism as a Tool for Sustainable Development: Environmental, Social, and Economic Perspectives
Ecotourism has emerged as one of the most effective approaches to achieving sustainable development in the tourism sector. Unlike mass tourism, ecotourism emphasizes environmental conservation, community participation, and cultural preservation. This article explores the role of ecotourism as a tool for sustainable development, analyzing its environmental, social, and economic impacts. Special attention is given to developing countries, where ecotourism serves as a mechanism for poverty reduction, biodiversity protection, and regional development.
The study highlights both the opportunities and challenges associated with ecotourism and proposes recommendations for its effective implementation. Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the global economy, contributing significantly to employment, income generation, and cultural exchange. However, conventional mass tourism often leads to environmental degradation, cultural commodification, and unequal economic benefits. In response to these challenges, ecotourism has gained global recognition as a sustainable alternative.
Ecotourism is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of local people, and involves interpretation and education. Over the past decades, ecotourism has become an important topic in geography, environmental studies, and development economics. This article aims to examine ecotourism as a tool for sustainable development and evaluate its environmental, social, and economic dimensions. One of the primary objectives of ecotourism is environmental conservation.
Natural ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, mountains, and coastal zones form the foundation of ecotourism activities. By assigning economic value to natural resources, ecotourism encourages their protection rather than exploitation. Protected areas supported by ecotourism revenues often benefit from improved management, biodiversity monitoring, and conservation programs. Entrance fees, guided tours, and eco-lodges generate funds that can be reinvested into environmental protection.
Furthermore, ecotourism promotes environmental awareness among tourists, fostering responsible behavior and appreciation for nature. However, poorly managed ecotourism can also result in environmental pressure, including waste generation, habitat disturbance, and overuse of fragile ecosystems. Therefore, strict environmental regulations and sustainable planning are essential to ensure that ecotourism fulfills its conservation goals.
Ecotourism plays a vital role in strengthening local communities. Unlike mass tourism, which is often controlled by external investors, ecotourism prioritizes community participation and local ownership. This approach empowers local residents by providing employment opportunities and supporting traditional livelihoods.
Cultural heritage, local customs, and indigenous knowledge are integral components of ecotourism experiences. Tourists engage with local communities through cultural tours, handicrafts, traditional cuisine, and storytelling. As a result, ecotourism contributes to cultural preservation and intercultural understanding. Nevertheless, challenges such as cultural commodification and unequal benefit distribution may arise.
To address these issues, inclusive governance, capacity building, and fair revenue-sharing mechanisms are necessary. From an economic perspective, ecotourism contributes to diversified income sources, especially in rural and remote regions. It stimulates local entrepreneurship through small-scale businesses such as guesthouses, guiding services, transportation, and food production. In developing countries, ecotourism has proven effective in poverty alleviation and regional development.
By attracting environmentally conscious travelers, destinations can generate stable income while minimizing negative impacts. Moreover, ecotourism enhances the image of destinations on the international stage, promoting sustainable branding and competitiveness. Despite its benefits, ecotourism requires initial investments in infrastructure, education, and marketing. Without proper planning, economic leakage may occur, reducing benefits for local communities.
While ecotourism offers numerous advantages, several challenges hinder its sustainable implementation. These include lack of clear definitions, weak regulatory frameworks, insufficient professional training, and limited awareness among stakeholders. Climate change poses an additional threat, affecting natural attractions and biodiversity. Extreme weather events, ecosystem degradation, and water scarcity may reduce the attractiveness of ecotourism destinations. Therefore, climate adaptation strategies must be integrated into ecotourism planning.
Recommendations for Sustainable Ecotourism
To maximize the positive impacts of ecotourism, the following measures are recommended:
Development of clear national and regional ecotourism strategies
Strengthening environmental regulations and monitoring systems
Enhancing local community participation and ownership
Investing in education, training, and environmental awareness.
These measures can ensure that ecotourism remains a viable and responsible development pathway. Ecotourism represents a powerful tool for achieving sustainable development by balancing environmental protection, social equity, and economic growth. When properly planned and managed, it contributes to biodiversity conservation, community empowerment, and regional development.
However, the success of ecotourism depends on effective governance, stakeholder collaboration, and long-term sustainability strategies. In the context of global environmental challenges, ecotourism offers a promising model for responsible tourism development. Future research should focus on measuring its long-term impacts and developing innovative approaches to enhance sustainability in diverse geographical contexts.
