Even Now

A strange current took us far out from shore.

We floated, sharing our bright boogie board.

“Stay calm Roman”, he did, reflecting my worry.

A whistle blew from shore and distant guards ran down the sand.

Four swam out, muscled arms chopping through the sea.

My son and I waited, watched, stunned, hypnotized.

We bobbed on the waves, all around us the bathtub sound of water.

The lead guard reached me. Ponch from Chips.

He asked if we were OK.  “Yes” I said.

He told me to hold onto a buoy tethered to his body.

My son hugged a buoy attached to a woman.

As they swam us in, I kept the boogie board,

Grateful, so grateful for that boogie board.

A third guard swimming beside us shouted “Let go of the board!”

I complied, let go of my board, did as I was told.

We came to shore.

I stood, staggered in then fell onto my knees in the retreating foam.

To my right, the boogie board shot into the air like a joyous dolphin.

Vulnerable, humble, I picked up the boogie board, onlookers clapped.

I felt deep shame before my son’s mother.

After resting, I went to Ponch the lifeguard and thanked him.

He smiled his brilliant white smile and said “Hey, it’s what we do!”

He tried to teach me how to spot rip currents,

but I was still stunned, we had escaped death.

Paul Durand June 25, 2025

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The Patriot Ghost

An unfamiliar patriot-ghost emerged

Smoke-like from a shadowed ignored corner.

Raised-up a flag that flapped, snapped, called me out.

Glided close then eyeball to eyeball, morose,

Said “bad people are here to take your life,

to dominate, squeeze, inflict pain for fun.

You are their target, their common purpose.

Masked men have been deputized to kidnap

Brown-skinned persons off the sidewalks. You’re next.

Sisters, children, fathers, mothers, brothers.”

Grieved at what must be done, shoved toward war.

Outrage arced upward, across, a solar flare of unfocused action.

I jumped up to fight these forces, to push back to death’s door.

Citizens, we must save our homeland from banal annihilation.

Paul Durand

11/21/2025 Revised

Shahrisabz davlat pedagogika instituti oʻzbek tili va adabiyoti yoʻnalishi 2-kurs 2-24-guruh talabasi

Xudoyberdiyeva Jasmina Bozorboy qizi                                                    “Linguistic Changes in Contemporary Uzbek Language on Social Media”

Abstract: This article is devoted to studying the linguistic changes of the modern Uzbek language in social networks. The study analyzes slang, abbreviations, code-switching, and new lexical units commonly used in youth speech. It also examines how social networks enrich the language and affect communicative processes. The results of the study may be useful for linguistics and youth culture research.

Keywords: social networks, modern Uzbek language, slang, code-switching, lexical changes.

Introduction

In recent years, social media has become an integral part of human communication. Platforms such as Instagram, Telegram, TikTok and others serve not only as tools for interaction but also play a significant role in the development and transformation of language. Among young people in particular, various linguistic processes—such as the emergence of new lexical units, abbreviations, slang, and code-switching—have become widespread in everyday speech. These processes also influence the normative standards of the language, contributing to its enrichment and renewal through new expressions and constructions.

Studying linguistic changes occurring on social media is an important issue for linguistics, as it helps identify the developmental tendencies of the contemporary Uzbek language. The main aim of this research is to analyze linguistic changes observed in the speech of young people and to determine their causes and social context. At the same time, the article highlights the features of new words, slang, abbreviations, and code-switching emerging on social media and demonstrates the communicative and cultural aspects of language change.

Main Part

The speech of modern youth exhibits distinctive linguistic features. Among these, slang and neologisms come first. For example, expressions such as “vibe,” “flex qilish,” or “let’s just chill” are widely used in everyday communication. These expressions not only simplify communication but also serve as tools for group identity and conveying emotional tone. Abbreviations are also common in youth speech. English-origin abbreviations such as “brb” (be right back) or “lol” (laughing out loud), as well as Uzbek abbreviations like “xsh” (short for xayr), help speed up communication and enrich interactive discourse. In addition, emojis and other visual symbols are frequently used to enrich speech, convey emotional states, and add expressiveness to communication.

These examples show that linguistic changes in youth speech manifest in various ways. First, lexical changes—new words, jargon, and expressions borrowed from global culture—contribute to the enrichment of the lexicon. Second, grammatical adaptations occur when English or Russian words are integrated into Uzbek sentence structures. Third, communicative functions—such as conveying emotions, establishing group identity, or creating humorous and dramatic effects—make communication more expressive.

The analysis indicates that youth speech on social media undergoes several linguistic transformations. Phonetically, pronunciation becomes simplified and shortened. Lexically, new words and jargon appear frequently, some of which blend with English or Russian elements. Grammatically, mixed sentences and code-switching are widespread, serving to enrich the language and facilitate communication.

Furthermore, the social significance of language change is considerable. Youth language plays an important role in forming group identity, connecting with global culture, and creating a unique communication style. However, such changes may also negatively affect language norms, as abbreviations and slang often remain incomprehensible in formal contexts. Therefore, observing and analyzing these processes is essential for linguistics.

Conclusion

Social media is accelerating linguistic change in the speech of young people. Slang, abbreviations, code-switching, and new lexical units contribute to the enrichment of contemporary Uzbek. At the same time, these processes raise issues related to maintaining normative language standards and harmonizing new expressions with traditional forms. Future research should focus on integrating slang and new words into formal texts, preserving linguistic norms while aligning them with youth speech, and developing linguistic corpora to monitor ongoing language changes on social media.

References

1. Akhmedov, O. Development Tendencies of the Modern Uzbek Language. Tashkent: Fan, 2020.2. Karimov, S. Language and Communication: Linguistic Analysis of Social Media. Tashkent, 2021.3. Rahimova, N. “Slang and Code-Switching in Youth Speech.” Journal of Linguistics, 2019.4. Nabiev, D. Modern Uzbek Language and Social Media. Tashkent: Ilm-Fan, 2022.5. Crystal, D. Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Student of the Uzbek Language and Literature Program, Faculty of Philology, Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute Khudoyberdiyeva Jasmina, daughter of Bozorboy

MIDDAY

Sun, like a white-hot executioner’s block

rises slowly

over the alarmed smooth of the river.

The water seethes

in the iron arteries of the city.

People look in

at the damp eyes of the shops.

A breeze lazily goes through

the multicoloured beads of umbrellas.

The dome of Peter and Paul’s blazes,

like a freshly baked Easter cake.

The last shadows disappear

on the windblown, rough

face of the city,

and the thirst of eternity comes out

on the stone lips of the embankment.

Midday.

I live in it.

Olga Levadnaya, Russian visionary poet, world-famous public figure, Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Tatarstan, laureate of more than 20 republican, all-Russian, international literary awards, member of republican, Russian and international literary unions, author of 17 books of poetry and prose published in Russian, English, Tatar, Turkish, translated into 14 languages, author of more than 500 publications in magazines, anthologies in Russia and abroad, participant in numerous festivals, conferences, readings, member of the Assembly of the Peoples of the World, Ambassador of Peace, European Poetry, poetry of International Literature ACC Shanghai Huifeng (Shanghai, Huifeng), Department of Arts and Cultures, Plenipotentiary Representative for Culture in Russia of the Republic of Birland (Africa), literary consultant of the Academy of Literature, Science, Technology of Shanxi, the Zhongshan Poets’ Community (China), honorary founding member of the World Day of K. Cavafy (Greece, Egypt), coordinator of the International Literary Festival in Russia “Woman in Literature” (Mexico), creator and director of the International Music and Poetry Festival “Handshake of the Republics”, the Forum-Battle “Tournament of Poets and AI. RR”, the International TeleBridge RR, the International Youth Music and Poetry Competition-Festival “On the Fairytale Shore of Kazanka” based on the works of Olga Levadnaya, artistic director of the Kazan Poetic Theater “Dialogue”.

Rashidova Shohsanam, 1st-year student, Faculty of Philology, DTP

INTRODUCTION

Ancient Greek literature occupies a unique place in the history of human thought. One of its highest peaks is the tragedy “Oedipus Rex” created by Sophocles. This work went far beyond its own era and became a universal masterpiece expressing the struggle between human destiny, will, reason, and fate. “King Oedipus” is not only a treasure of Greek culture but also one of the foundations of world dramaturgy. Aristotle, in his Poetics, considered “Oedipus Rex” the model of a perfect tragedy. This article analyzes the philosophical content of the tragedy “Oedipus Rex”, its dramatic structure, the problem of human destiny, and its significance in world literature.

MAIN PART

The History of Creation and Summary of the Work

Sophocles lived and created in the 5th century BC.

Philosophical Depth

The tragedy explores the complex relationship between fate and human will. Oedipus is intelligent and just, yet he reaches the destiny he wanted to escape. His tragedy is not only external but also internal—his spiritual struggle reveals the limits of human understanding.

Themes of sight and blindness also carry symbolic meaning: the blind prophet Tiresias “sees” the truth, while the physically sighted Oedipus is spiritually “blind.”

—

Dramatic Structure

The play reflects the ideal tragic structure described by Aristotle. Each scene is built on strong dramatic conflict. The Chorus plays the role of the moral voice of society. The language is simple yet rich with symbolism, and the dialogues reveal the characters’ inner worlds.

—

Oedipus – a Symbol of Truth-Seeking

Oedipus becomes a symbol of humanity’s endless desire for truth. Even when the truth is painful, he refuses to run from it. His tragedy is the tragedy of knowledge—the courage to know.

—

Global Significance and Influence

The tragedy greatly influenced world culture and psychology. Freud’s “Oedipus complex” emerged directly from this myth. Existentialist thinkers such as Sartre and Camus, and poet T. S. Eliot, found deep philosophical meaning in the work.

Today the tragedy remains one of the most performed plays in world theatre.

—

CONCLUSION

Sophocles’ “Oedipus Rex” is a masterpiece that searches for answers to humanity’s eternal questions. It reveals the conflict between human destiny, reason, belief, and the pursuit of truth. Through the figure of Oedipus, Sophocles invites humanity toward moral responsibility and the courage to know the truth.

—

REFERENCES

1. Sophocles. Oedipus the King (translated from Greek). Tashkent: G‘afur G‘ulom Publishing, 1983.

2. Aristotle. Poetics. Tashkent: Fan Publishing, 1979.

3. Freud, S. Totem and Taboo. Theory of the Oedipus Complex. Moscow: Nauka, 1990.

4. Karimov, N. History of World Literature. Tashkent: National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2008.

5. Tohliyev, B. Fundamentals of Literary Theory. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing, 2015.

Rashidova Shohsanam Alisher qizi Denov Tadbirkorlik va pedagogika instituti filalogiya fakulteti 1 -kurs 

second smoke
a signal
of what's to come


overnight flood
what if our tarot reader
was right


storing
life's tragedies
frontal lobe


medical bill my designer stitches


her death a temporary absence


another day another court ruling


mashed potato mountain lightly salted


curled up in the tuba rattler


grand central thalamus


on my plate something absurd


in the buttery beveled eggs


fifth-generation funnel clown


dining table of contents


waiting
for the reply
that never comes


locked up in her mind
how to navigate
polar bears

The Compassion of Kindmouse

Once upon a time, in a faraway land, in a lush green valley at the foot of the Great Mountain, there lived a tiny but very kind little mouse named Kindmouse.

Kindmouse was a caring and affectionate creature who always cherished his friends. Every morning, upon waking, he would greet his neighbors first – the Butterfly, the Frog, the Swallow, and even the Fox.

One day, a severe drought struck the valley. Trees turned yellow, and rivers began to dry up. The animals suffered greatly from thirst. However, Kindmouse had prepared a little water and food in his tiny burrow during the winter.

The Swallow flew over and said, “Oh Kindmouse, my baby is hungry. Could I have a little wheat?”

Without hesitation, Kindmouse shared some of his wheat.

Then the Fox arrived, speaking untruthfully, “I am looking for water for my sick mother. Don’t you need help?”

Even though Kindmouse knew that the Fox had deceived his friends before, he still gave him some water. For Kindmouse believed:

> “When you do good, even if it does not return to you, your heart shines.”

Days passed. One day, dark clouds covered the sky, and finally, rain poured down! Rivers refilled, and the land turned green once more.

The animals were overjoyed and decided to celebrate Kindmouse with a grand festival!

On the day of the celebration, the Swallow gifted him a small vest stitched with gold, and the Butterfly gave him a crown made of flowers. Even the Fox came to apologize, saying, “Now I truly appreciate your friendship.”

From that day on, all the animals in the valley became loving and caring toward one another. They began to celebrate the day it rained every year as “The Day of Kindmouse’s Compassion.”

Abdusaidova Jasmina was born on July 20, 2011, in G‘allaorol district, Jizzakh region. She is the winner of district and regional stages of the competitions “Young Reader”, “Mushoira”, and “Green Light”. Her creative works have been featured in several newspapers and journals, including “Gulxan”, “Tong Yulduzi”, and “G‘allaorol Ovozi”. Additionally, her works have been published in international media such as “Diaspora Times Global” (foreign), “Kenya Times” (Africa), “Synchronized Chaos” (USA), and “Gazeta Destinacioni” (Albania). She is a member of the “Qaqnus” Creative Club.

BOBONOVA ZULFIYA

UNIVERSITY OF INNOVATION TECHNOLOGIES

UZBEKISTAN

For the 34th Dawn of My Homeland

Time passed, and the old wounds slowly healed,
You endured much oppression, many pains concealed.
Every inch of your soil now has flower-beds revealed,
May you ever bloom and prosper, garden and meadow blessed,
My soul is sacrificed for you, my Uzbekistan!

Your snowy peaks embraced the sunlight’s gentle ray,
Because of you, Fitrat and Cholpon’s names were cleared today,
Hearts have found where dreams and hopes can once again stay.
You are the balm for aching hearts, the cure for all distress,
My soul is sacrificed for you, my Uzbekistan!

Your fields drank not water, but my nation’s blood, I deem,
My people, in dark times, lived in sorrow’s endless stream.
My people, who in hope, awaited freedom’s dream.
Oh, my motherland, may your head be safe, hard as stone,
My soul is sacrificed for you, my Uzbekistan!

May your harvest overflow, your blessings never cease,
I would use your sacred herbs to grant my eyesight peace.
I’d kiss your cheek to honor you, but you have no cheek’s release.
May your name be a great epic, in every tongue increased,
My soul is sacrificed for you, my Uzbekistan!

Your brave, courageous son stands with a mountain’s might,
His loyalty to you is an oath of solemn height.
Blessed indeed is he who’s born within your light.
Stay safe forever, oh you ancient Land of Turan,
My soul is sacrificed for you, my Uzbekistan!

Not for nothing are you called the Motherland so dear,
I lived all these years, your sorrows mine to bear.
I’ve not thanked you enough for your bread and salt to share.
Please forgive my faults, whether they were wrong or right,
My soul is sacrificed for you, my Uzbekistan!

Behold today, this wondrous, radiant day has come,
The glorious day your independence was won.
Congratulations on this blessed, triumphant one!
Live for millennia, my free and blooming Gulistan,
My soul is sacrificed for you, my Uzbekistan!