Self Portrait as a Half
Woman in the sky
what i’ve gained from your design
the beach is oddly quiet between
an inky charcoal night,
blended with a moment of regret
where i drag my face in the sand,
so incomplete
i can only scream.
A portrait is not complete without its painter
the colors tend to dry,
we’re worlds apart her and i,
separation made me dependent,
there’s a girl on this sphere of survivability
who counts the days between euphoria into isolation.
O woman, you are sleeping in the body of Jochna
O woman, you are sleeping
in the body of Jochna.
Today you have not woken up and seen
the call of the sun on the tip of the grass.
You have not searched for
the words of nectar in your thirsty chest.
Have you ever heard in your ears
the cry of beggarly love.
Have you seen
countless stars in the sky falling down due to a cruel blow.
You have been sleeping, year after year
You have not woken up even today, you have not seen, you have not heard
the tears of countless fallen leaves
that have been burned in the Chaitra fire,
silently falling.
You are sleeping on the green carpet of the mountains
Wrapped in a white sheet, in the beautiful song of the fountain, in the heart of the earth
THE COSMIC REGENERATION OF MANKIND
Dr. Jernail Singh Anand
[India]
The Great Disconnect
Heart is the radioactive matter placed inside the body of every living being, which receives and radiates messages to the cosmic divine. In fact, we are, all the time, connected with supernal forces, through our breath, and we are a part of the manifestation of God’s creative magic. The scriptures want us to realize how we are a part of the cosmos, and how we should act, so that we respect that eternal bond. Education is meant to give us light, in which we could see, what we are, and where we stand, and what is the surrounding reality, and how we should relate to it meaningfully. But, education has gone overboard, and overreached its ends, so that now man thinks he can outdo his creator. Science and technology are treated as challenges to the divine authority.
There is immense knowledge in the vaults of the earth, but it is not available to men in its entirety because earth reveals its mysteries only to people who have the capability to assimilate, and look beyond their self, and see the overflowing reality. The cosmos tests the beneficiaries of its intellectual affluence, and very few stand the severe test of elements, which ensure that after getting knowledge, it will be used, not for the gratification of one person, but for the betterment of the creation. This is the point at which most of the seekers falter and lose to infernal forces. Divinity does not trust people who show lack of higher purpose and whose passion has no higher perspective. That is why, whatever more or less knowledge we have, it is being directed towards destruction of nature and ultimately, man will land himself in a state where he will die of suffocation as the clean air will not be available for breathing.
This is how education and limited understanding of scriptures has brought us to a situation in which we are in a state of disconnect. We have our own wisdom which is in contention with the divine wisdom. Today men believe that man is born to live for himself, and die for himself, in utter disregard of any higher purpose. Struggle for existence signifies man’s struggle for survival. But now that we have survived so many onslaughts, we have to contend with the unfolding reality of how to live? How to make our life meaningful. We have to think of beauty, decency, goodness and our commitment to the divine for promoting the welfare of the cosmic community going beyond the idea of humanism.
Post Connect
The world that thought from the heart, and felt from the mind, the world of unified sensibility which T.S. Eliot talks of, has been buried deep in the opaque layers of history. This is the world which only thinks with its mind, which is trained in such a way that it is focused on the elevation of the self. Education now serves to sever a young man’s connection from the society around, and turn all his passions inside, so that he starts thinking nothing matters except the package and then the apex of success. This is not expected from people with a universal consciousness. Rather, it is the rotten mental stuff which will infect the whole lot. Pitiably, we have got millions of teachers now trained in this passion for self-possession, who are imparting tips to the young through videos on you tube, how to serve their self, become rich, and land astronomical packages. And, I have no hesitation in saying, cheating, double dealing, and fraud are tricks in trade, and they are not considered outlandish for this society nurtured on moral complacency.
Decyphering Disconnect
The societies are crying hoarse in the name of culture. But folk dresses, folk dances, and folk songs end up only to lend a spectacular splendour only. At heart, nobody looks back. Efforts at cultural revival are proving counter-productive and blowing hot and cold at the same time. Young men in colleges who love modern life, its chores and its thrills, when don traditional dresses, only present a false spectacle of love for the things gone by. Who wants to go back to times of the bullock cart age which is being idealized in our revivalists songs? It is only noise and clutter in the music albums or in social media. Nobody wants to lead a life without a mobile phone. Farmers know their youngsters don’t like to work in the fields, rather they prefer to mortgage their lands, and migrate to cities and enjoy making films on culture. A culture which they have deserted. The culture of parents, village, the water tank, animals. So, what I want stress here is: it has caused a disconnect between what we are and what we profess to be. The electronic songs won’t salvage our condition in which we do not believe.
The same disconnect is evident in the case of religion also. Look at Youtube and the deluge of the holy hymns being played. In spite of such an electronic spurt in religious activity, the religious content in human life is on the decline. People who are truly religious believe in a life of piety, humility, compassion, and honesty. But the men we meet who often visit shrines are just the reverse. What is the reason? Even in religious orders, we see instances of indecent behaviour. The idea of righteous living, which means ethical conduct, has disappeared from the life of these people.
Let me revert to my statement in the beginning of this article, that our hearts are radioactive, and we connect with the divine through our breath, which is a part of the cosmic equipment. We are a part of the spectacle, and the manifestation. So long as our heart is involved in an activity, it is radiated to the cosmos, and Gods listen to our prayers. And they do respond. But, look at what is going on now. Instead of our heart, instead of our consciousness , it is the TV which is singing religious songs, and those who sang these songs have already made a lot of money. We have lost our connect with the divine, and all our actions aimed at pleasing gods are just playing to the gallery. Contentless. That is why, all our prayers go unheeded. We play games with divine forces and disregard all our cosmic responsibilities. And this process of disunification is going on at a faster speed. We think we have accumulated knowledge. I think this knowledge has hastened our fall. All our actions now onwards, when we are overusing knowledge, overplaying our wisdom, we are actually overreaching ourselves. The breakup with the divine is complete and absolute.
Cosmic Regeneration of Mankind
Here, the role of literature gains significance. What time has not corrupted is the essential wisdom of the Vedas. The Prophets still say what they said, unaffected by the currents of time. The great poets and scholars and philosophers still stand aloft, no matter how great the storms in the oceans of time were. The wisdom of humanity still remains ingrained in our scriptures. Only the teachers can check this drift of mankind into the ocean of nothingness. It is not enough to dissect the malaise; there have been scholars who have very effectively diagnosed the social issues. In fact, time has come when the philosophers take the lead, and followed by writers, they should impact the thought processes of the upcoming generations, to weed out ambition, and criminal psychology. Scientists who are working with technology and creating new inventions like the AI need to be informed by the saner elements to stop the research which can lead to the extinction of human life.
The message is very clear. If philosophers and scientists do not come together to halt this suicidal march, there is no hope for mankind. That is why, I think that after the dystopian times, we need to introduce a new horizon to our life and letters. It is the new world of hope and all efforts of the writers and philosophers, and scientists and technologists should be on the cosmic regeneration of mankind.
Dr. Jernail Singh Anand, with an opus of 200 plus books, is Laureate of the Seneca, Charter of Morava, Franz Kafka and Maxim Gorky awards, and a Permanent Senator on the International Academy of Rome. His name adorns the Poets’ Rock in Serbia. Anand is a towering literary figure whose work embodies a rare fusion of creativity, intellect, and moral vision. He is not only one of the most influential voices in contemporary Indian poetry, but a global voice, challenging readers to confront the complexities of existence while offering hope through art and ethics.
Some people write poetry, while others express the spirit of an entire era through words. Zulfiya was one of those rare figures. She was not only a talented poet, but also a creator who reflected the patience, resilience, and delicate soul of the Uzbek woman, earning a lasting place in the hearts of her people.
Zulfiya was born in 1915 in Tashkent. From childhood, she developed a deep love for literature and began writing poems at a young age. Her life was not easy. The early death of her husband, the famous poet Hamid Olimjon, became a painful turning point in her life. However, she transformed this tragedy not only into sorrow, but into creative strength. In her later poems, themes of loyalty, separation, patience, and inner power became even deeper and more meaningful.
The main characteristic of Zulfiya’s creative work is sincerity. There is no unnecessary exaggeration or artificiality in her poetry. She portrays a woman’s heart, a mother’s love, and devotion to the Motherland with natural and pure emotions. Especially in the poems written during the war years, she reflects the suffering, hope, and resilience of women who remained behind the front lines. In this sense, she was not only a poet, but also a witness of her time.
For many years, Zulfiya actively participated in the literary community and supported young writers. She was recognized not only nationally but also internationally. The establishment of a State Prize named after her clearly shows how important her role is in Uzbek culture.
In my opinion, when one reads Zulfiya’s poetry, it feels like hearing a voice close to one’s own heart. She did not simply write poems; she lived through emotions and made her readers feel them as well. In her lines, feminine tenderness exists alongside strong willpower. That is why she has left an indelible mark on Uzbek literature.
In conclusion, Zulfiya is not only a historical figure but also a symbol of spiritual support and strength. Her creative work remains a lesson for today’s youth: no matter how difficult life may be, the light and faith within the human heart must never fade.
My name is Nozigul Baxshilloyeva. I was born on August 27, 2007, in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. I am currently pursuing a degree in English Philology at the Faculty of English Philology, Uzbekistan State World Languages University. My academic interests include linguistics, translation studies, and English language teaching methodology. I am committed to developing my professional competencies and plan to continue my education at the master’s level in the future, with the aim of becoming a university lecturer.
Toshkentboyeva Xumora
She was born on August 31, 2008, in Shahrisabz city, Qashqadaryo region. From an early age, she was curious about learning and had a strong interest in studying languages. Currently, she is a student at Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, majoring in Foreign Language and Literature. In addition, she holds several international certificates and is among the students who are passionate about reading.
The Path of Development of Amir Temur
Abstract
Amir Temur is regarded as one of the greatest figures who left a profound mark on Uzbek and world politics and civilization. Today, we clearly understand the significance of his rich experience in establishing a just system of state governance. This article discusses Amir Temur’s path of development, his state-building policy, and his reforms in the fields of education and the military. It also highlights the importance of The Code of Temur in public administration and its influence on the worldview of modern students. Furthermore, the article reveals Amir Temur’s role as a great statesman and the processes of development achieved through his policies.
Keywords: Amir Temur, political stability, Timurid state, activity, The Code of Temur, military reforms, education system, historical heritage, Babur, Samarkand, justice, rule of law, centralized state.
Main Part
Amir Temur: His Life and Personality
Amir Temur was born on April 9, 1336, in the village of Khoja Ilgor near Kesh. According to legends, he was born holding a clot of red blood in his hand, and his hair was said to be white like that of an elderly man. Such descriptions were even compared to stories about Genghis Khan.
From a young age, he mastered science, military arts, and archery, possessing a sharp memory and strong determination. His father, Amir Muhammad Taraghay, was from the Barlas clan of Turkic origin and was a respected and influential noble in Transoxiana.
In 1370, after defeating Amir Husayn, he ascended the throne in Samarkand as the ruler of all Transoxiana. He organized campaigns to the Golden Horde, the Ottoman Empire, India, and Iran, establishing a vast empire.
Timurid Military Art
The Timurid army was precisely organized in terms of numbers, its battle formations were well-developed, and it was equipped with the advanced weapons and military technology of its time. Military units were distinguished by their uniforms, banners, and standards.
Their strategies included destroying enemy defenses through various methods, launching sudden strikes on major cities, surrounding enemy forces on a large scale, and defeating them step by step.
Amir Temur and his descendants, especially Babur, made significant contributions to the development of world military art. This has been acknowledged by military specialists and commanders. Known as a great military leader and innovative organizer, Sahibqiran succeeded in creating a disciplined army, wisely managing troops during battles, overcoming obstacles with strategic skill, and maintaining high morale among his soldiers.
The Educational Renaissance during the Reign of Amir Temur
During the Timurid period, special attention was given to education, science, and culture as the foundation of a renaissance. Scholars, poets, and craftsmen were supported, and the development of science was elevated to the level of state policy.
In building a powerful state and enlightened society, Amir Temur relied on ancient Turkic statehood traditions and Islamic law. He deeply understood that the foundation of any development lies in a high-quality education system. Therefore, he first focused on properly establishing education and upbringing and raising the social status of educated and enlightened individuals. Educational institutions were established throughout major cities.
Historical sources indicate that there was a tradition of enrolling boys in school at the age of four years, four months, and four days, and primary education covered all cultural regions of the vast empire.
The Code of Temur
During Amir Temur’s lifetime, a special work entitled The Code of Temur was written, describing the principles of state governance. The work consists of two parts and is considered a priceless historical source of the Middle Ages.
It includes biographical information related to Temur’s life events, his views on military art, and descriptions of state structure and governance. The centralized and powerful state created by Amir Temur was established based on the invaluable principles contained in this work.
The main ideas of the book include:
Justice as the main pillar of the state;
Supremacy of law as equal for all;
A disciplined army as the guarantee of a strong state;
Wisdom and consultation as superior to violence;
Loyalty and diligence as the criteria for holding office.
The historical significance of this work lies in the fact that The Code of Temur is an important source for studying the history of statehood in Central Asia. It served as a political guide for many rulers. Even today, it provides valuable ideas about leadership, justice, and order.
Economic and Cultural Development
After establishing a large state, Amir Temur created conditions for the economic and cultural development of his country. Ancient traditions of past eras were revived in a new historical form. As Transoxiana became a center of trade, economy, and culture across the Near and Middle East, cities such as Samarkand, Kesh, Bukhara, Termez, Tashkent, and Merv flourished and were beautified.
Large buildings of mosques, madrasahs, mausoleums, caravanserais, and bathhouses were constructed. It became customary for every victory to be immortalized in architecture. In his construction activities, Amir Temur pursued specific political goals — the structures he built were meant to demonstrate the power and greatness of his empire.
Conclusion
Amir Temur occupies an important place in history not only as a powerful military commander but also as a great statesman who paved the way for development. His path of progress was achieved through the establishment of a strong state, just governance, and reliance on knowledge and enlightenment.
References
Amir Temur – A Great Military Commander and Statesman. Collection of materials from the Republican Scientific-Practical Conference. 2025, 420 pages.
People’s Word newspaper.
The Code of Temur. Conclusion section, 318 pages.
My name is Umarova Gulsevar Ubaydullo qizi. I am a student of Kokand State University, Faculty of Humanities and Languages, majoring in Uzbek Language and Literature. I hold a B2 level certificate in English.
I participated in the “Zakovat” intellectual competition with my team and won 3rd place at the district stage and 2nd place at the regional stage. I am also the 2nd place winner of the “Young Reader” competition at the district level. In addition, I have actively participated in many poetry recitation and literary events.
Lexical Monosemy and Polysemy
Abstract.
The article discusses the concepts of lexical monosemy and polysemy, their meanings, and their functions within the language system. Monosemy is defined as a word having a single meaning, while polysemy refers to the use of a single word in several related meanings. The differences between these two phenomena, the factors influencing their formation, and their significance in speech are comparatively analyzed. In conclusion, it is emphasized that monosemy ensures clarity, whereas polysemy enriches the semantic and expressive potential of language.
Keywords: lexical monosemy, lexical polysemy, word meaning, single-meaning, multi-meaning, semantic system, metaphor, metonymy, significance in speech, language development.
The richness of any language is primarily reflected in how its words acquire meaning and how these meanings change over time. A word is not merely a collection of sounds; it is a living phenomenon that reflects the history, thinking, and culture of a society. Therefore, the use of a word in one precise meaning or in several interconnected meanings directly influences the semantic structure of a language. These processes are manifested through the phenomena of lexical monosemy and lexical polysemy.
Monosemy: Clarity of Meaning and Differential Characteristics
Monosemy refers to linguistic units possessing a single, clear, and limited meaning. Monosemic units are most commonly found in scientific terminology, technical terms, and the vocabulary of natural sciences. This is because the primary function of terms is to express concepts with maximum precision.
For example:
Photosynthesis, phragma, component, diameter — such terms adhere to the principle of monosemy.
Monosemic units prevent semantic ambiguity, ensure logical consistency, and enhance the effectiveness of scientific communication. From the perspective of the language system, their presence leads to a deeper differentiation of semantic categories.
While monosemy strengthens the principles of clarity and logic in language, polysemy adds diversity, semantic flexibility, and expressive richness. The natural development of language occurs through the interaction and harmony of these two phenomena. Therefore, the issue of monosemy and polysemy is relevant not only theoretically but also practically in terms of speech culture.
Polysemy: Semantic Richness and Dynamic Development of Language
Polysemy is characterized by a word developing several semantically related meanings over the course of its historical evolution. This phenomenon aligns with the core characteristics of natural language — dynamism, systematic structure, and economy.
The main mechanisms of polysemy formation include:
Metaphor — semantic transfer based on similarity or analogy.
Example: eye — an organ; the eye of a spring — the source point.
Metonymy — semantic transfer based on spatial, functional, or cause-and-effect relationships.
Example: I drank the glass (meaning the liquid inside it).
Contextual extension — acquisition of additional semantic shades during speech.
Polysemy increases semantic density in language, making speech multifaceted, vivid, and expressive. It is precisely through polysemous words that the main semantic and aesthetic features of artistic style are formed.
Monosemy and Polysemy: Systematic Comparison
1. Number of meanings
Monosemy — a word has a single, precise meaning.
Polysemy — a word is used in several interrelated meanings.
2. Main function
Monosemy ensures precision and terminological strictness.
Polysemy enhances expressiveness, imagery, and semantic richness.
3. Sphere of use
Monosemy is common in scientific-technical, official, and specialized fields.
Polysemy is widely used in everyday speech, literary works, and journalism.
4. Influence on language development
Monosemy clearly defines conceptual boundaries and reinforces semantic order.
Polysemy expands the semantic system and introduces new semantic dimensions.
5. Factors of formation
Monosemy develops mainly due to social necessity, scientific precision, and terminological requirements.
Polysemy arises from metaphor, metonymy, contextual expansion, and historical-cultural processes.
6. Role in the language system and their interaction
Monosemy strengthens logic and precision.
Polysemy enriches creative and semantic potential.
These two phenomena are complementary and do not negate each other within the language system. Monosemy ensures clarity, while polysemy serves as a source of semantic creativity and development.
Main Characteristics of Monosemy
1. Precision and strictness of meaning
Monosemantic words denote only one specific concept, and their meanings do not shift to other objects or phenomena.
Examples:
Metronome — a device that measures rhythm in music.
Oxygen — the chemical name for the gas O₂.
Using these words in other meanings would cause misunderstanding.
2. Stability of meaning
The meanings of monosemantic words rarely change over time because they are mostly used in scientific, technical, and medical fields, where semantic precision is essential.
3. Limited sphere of application
Such words typically belong to specialized disciplines and are rarely used in everyday speech. For instance, terms related to physics, chemistry, mathematics, and technology are often monosemantic.
Polysemy
The term polysemy originates from Greek: poly — many, sema — meaning. Polysemous words emerge as a result of language development. When a word initially denotes one meaning, that meaning is considered its lexical meaning. If additional meanings develop based on this primary meaning, they are considered derived (figurative) meanings, resulting in polysemous words. In literary speech, derived meanings are widely used.
Examples of the word place:
Munis froze in his place — meaning a position or location.
I examined the place where construction was taking place — meaning a site of activity.
Have you heard of a place called Mirzachol? — meaning a geographical area with a specific name.
They prepared a place for us in the hotel — meaning accommodation.
Kifoyat lay down, having prepared her place — meaning a sleeping area.
Although the word place appears in different contexts, all its meanings relate to the concepts of area, surface, or space. No matter how many meanings a polysemous word possesses, it is still considered a single lexical unit. Among its meanings, one remains primary, while others become figurative.
Monosemy expresses a word’s possession of only one clear meaning and mainly occurs in scientific and technical fields, contributing to linguistic stability.
Polysemy, on the other hand, ensures versatility and adaptability, making language richer and more expressive. It is more frequent in everyday communication and artistic discourse.
While polysemy plays a vital role in the dynamism and development of language, monosemy contributes to precision and systematic structure. Both concepts complement each other in linguistics and communication.
References
Rahmatullayev, Sh. Modern Uzbek Literary Language. Textbook. Tashkent: Universitet, 2006.
Ne’matov, H., Rasulov, R. Fundamentals of Systemic Lexicology of the Uzbek Language. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi, 1995.
Jamolxonov, H. Modern Uzbek Literary Language. Textbook. Tashkent, 2005.
Neurosis and Its Contributing Causes
Andijon State University
Faculty of History and Social Sciences
Department of Psychology (Distance Learning)
1st-Year Student
Sobirova Oydinoy Nozimjon qizi
Email: osobirova983@gmail.com
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada shaxsning nevroz holati va unga olib boruvchi sa-bablar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot metadologiyasida talabalarning nevrotik xolati stress darajasini aniqlash uchun tadqiqot olib borildi. Nevrozga olib boruvchi ruhiy travmalar, stress, depressiya va ruhiy jarayonlarning oldini olish va kamaytirish bo’yicha psixologik tavsiyalar berildi. Ushbu maqola natijasida nevroz holati keng yoritilib unga olib boruvchi sabablar aniqlanadi.
Kalit sozlar: psixoterapiya, depressiya, stress, psixotravma
Аннатация: В данной статье анализируется состояние невроза личности и причины, приводящие к его возникновению. В методологии исследования проводится изучение невротических состояний студентов с целью определения уровня стресса. Рассматриваются психические травмы, стресс, депрессия и другие психологические процессы, приводящие к неврозу, а также предлагаются психологические рекомендации по их профилактике и снижению. В результате исследования подробно раскрывается сущность невроза и определяются факторы, способствующие его возникновению.
Ключевые слова: невроз, психотерапия, стресс, депрессия, психотравма, тревожность, эмоциональное напряжение.
Annatation: This article analyzes the neurotic state of personality and the factors that lead to its development. In the research methodology, a study is conducted to determine the stress level and neurotic conditions among students. Psychological trauma, stress, depression, and other mental processes leading to neurosis are examined, and psychological recommendations for prevention and reduction are provided. As a result of the study, the nature of neurosis is broadly explained and the causes contributing to its occurrence are identified.
Keywords: neurosis, psychotherapy, stress, depression, psychological trauma, anxiety, emotional tension.
Introduction
Nowadays, people are experiencing an increase in mental disorders, stress, depression, and psychotrauma. Such changes lead to a mental state called neurosis in psychotherapy. The term neurosis was introduced into science in 1769 by the Scottish physician William Cullen. Historically, it has been studied as a result of mental trauma, internal conflicts, and psychogenic factors, and was developed by Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts in the 19th and 20th centuries. Initially, neuroses were considered physical nervous diseases, but later more attention was paid to mental and emotional disorders. Currently, neurosis is associated with psychological trauma.
Causes leading to neurosis: constant stress, depression, chronic fatigue, poor daily routine, personal psychological factors. In a neurosis, a person’s emotional state, behavior, and quality of life are significantly reduced. Constant irritability, strong anxiety, panic, fear, sleep disturbances, various body pains, loss of interest in life, sticky fantasies in the brain, inability to concentrate, memory problems.
Review of the used literature..
In the present study, an analysis was carried out based on the scientific works of leading scientists in the field of psychotherapy and neuropsychology and the results of modern research to clarify the concept of neurosis and its causes. During the literature review, the theoretical foundations of the problem of neurosis and its causes were examined based on various approaches. In particular: Bessel and der Kolk’s trauma theory explains that childhood traumas later lead to neurotic states, and the importance of processing trauma through psychotherapy. The interdependence of the body and the psyche is interpreted as the main source. Joseph Le Doux connects neurosis with brain activity. This approach explains that a person develops a constant state of anxiety as a result of changing brain reactions to severe stress. Also, the works of scientists such as Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are of great importance in the causes of neurosis and its reduction and elimination. Their research shows that neurosis is not only associated with brain activity, but also with cognitive, biological and traumatic factors. The literature written by local scientists covers the origin, causes and treatment of neurosis in detail. Neuropsychologist Zarifboy Ibodullayev. has scientifically proven that the origin of neurosis is based on social factors and psychotrauma. In general, a review of the literature used shows that neurosis was studied in different periods, based on different approaches, and its origin was based on a combination of biological, social and psychological factors.
Research Methodology
This study uses the questionnaire method to study the psychological characteristics of neurosis. 30 students aged 18-25 participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was developed for the study. The research process was carried out in 2 stages. In the 1st stage, a questionnaire was tested. In the 2nd stage, the results were analyzed. They answered Yes or No on a 1-5-point scale
1 I often get nervous
2 I feel anxious for no reason
3 I often have trouble sleeping
4 I get tired easily
5 I have difficulty concentrating
6 I take small problems seriously
7 I get moody easily
8 I am under a lot of stress from studying or work
9 I think a lot and get “stuck” on one idea.
10 I worry too much about the future
11 My self-confidence sometimes decreases
12 I feel tired even when I rest.
13 I sometimes can’t get out of depression
14 I often have headaches or muscle tension
15 I feel a rapid heartbeat or internal discomfort.
Methodological analysis
This study helped to identify neurotic symptoms of anxiety and stress in students. The study involved 30 students aged 18-25. The research process was carried out in 2 stages.
At stage 1, a questionnaire was tested
At stage 2, the results were analyzed.
According to the analysis of the results of the questionnaire test, it was determined that neurotic states are manifested in students to varying degrees
15-30 – points – low-level neurotic state
31-55 – points – moderate neurotic state
56-75 – points – high-level neurotic state
Some of the respondents who participated in the study were observed to have frequent symptoms of anxiety and emotional tension. High-level neurotic symptoms were detected in 20% of students. 50% of students had moderate anxiety and stress, and 30% had low-level neurotic indicators. The analysis revealed that the occurrence of neurosis is most influenced by high academic workload, sleep disturbance, emotional stress, and anxiety.
Research conclusions: According to the results of the study conducted on students: neurotic symptoms were observed to be less frequent in students who regularly rested and engaged in physical activity. In order to prevent neurosis, students were recommended to conduct psychological training, organize a proper rest regimen, and develop emotional stability.
References
1. Ibodullayev, Z. (2011). Nervous diseases. Tashkent: Zamin Publishing House.
2. Ibodullayev, Z. (2018). Neurology. Tashkent: Akademnashr.
3. Ibodullayev, Z. (n.d.). Neurosis and depression [PDF file].
4. Sultonova, I. B. (2023). Neuroses that arise in a person and their causes.
5. Van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY: Viking.