Living in Tents

Living in tents may not be so comfortable as you sleep in the royal palace
Living in tents it’s my choice to live in
Though not for every time
You can feel some difficulty at first time
No fear dear,
You have entered such an amiable and lovable room
So easily adjusted
Living in tents I enjoy at times
Feeling light in the eyes.

Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
27/01//2023

At Your Speech

When you deliver your speech
A hawk suddenly waves its feather over head
You speak, speak and speak
The hawk spreads softly all around
Enchanting all the way
You are on the stage delivering speech
I enjoy the fly resonating something strange
As the two doves once loved each other on the branch of a tree
And I watched through the window beside
My teacher forbade me not to see outside
But subconsciously I observed and observed
I hear your speech
I look through the flying hawk
I can hear you both
One is speaking loudly
One is silent and so smooth.

Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
30/01//2023

Rat-Rat Play

The world feels sick
The people of the land fight for what is achieved or not
No sense of good or bad
No heart for the rest
Some pieces of land always busy with their trump card
And raise the hands of joy
Staring at the sky the thundered eyes never turns back to the pool
Surrounded by the shady trees
Others are tired to watch
The Rat-Rat Play
Who can stand by living in peace?

Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
30/01//2023

“Where is the Lie” – A Breath of Fresh Air in Independent Cinema

It’s official, a new year has come, blooming seasons, and new films.
Luckily for me, I watched a brilliant dark comedy Filipino (flick) -as one might say- that carried all the good ingredients for a good film. “Where is the Lie” is a dark comedy/social satire that features multiple Filipino talents. It stars Ej Jallorina (the main protagonist Janzen), Maris Rascal (the villain Beanie), and Royce Cabera (Theo/Dennis; the heartthrob Dorian Gray whose soul is not as dazzling as his looks). This is the eighth film from Filipino director Quark Henares and the one that scares him the most.

I loved many things about “Where is the Lie.” It featured a trans actress playing the role of a trans woman, a crucial step which Henares, the director -whom I had the pleasure of interviewing- explained was to avoid a “Danish Girl” situation. And authentic and well-crafted the film turned out. Ej Jallorina is in the middle of her transitioning process and Henares explored how she brought her sensitivity and authenticity to a role that could have easily turned mundane. She gave a sympathetic, gullible performance of the main protagonist, Janzen, a young transwoman who unfortunately fell victim to a catfishing situation by a manipulative, beautiful, and tactical girl who looked like Selena Gomez if she had her heart replaced with Amy Dunne.

A scary combination, right?

Hopefully, when people see the film they witness the breath of fresh air that Maris Rascal -a rom-com star in the Philippines- brings to the role. Her range and subtlety of performance interlope with moments of intensity that never seem out of place. After “Where is the Lie,” Rascal will be an even bigger name, not just in the Philippines, but worldwide. Cabera is an independent Filipino film actor playing -mostly- sultry, object-of-desire kinds of roles due to his buff physique and dreamy features. To see him acting through a range of emotions in this film is a refreshing route to a broader range of roles in the future.

Henares mentioned that Jallorina’s audition was an endearing moment for him as she told him how wonderful he was to her when she was a child actor. Henares explained that -at the time- he was working as a PA on one of the sets. Jallorina reminded him of how he acted like an older brother and provided protection and security for her at a rather hectic place to be as a child (20-something-hour shoots were no fun ride for a kid).

Rascal, on the other hand, vied for the antagonistic role. She wanted to challenge herself and break out of the mold that restricted her as an actress. The result was more than satisfying. Henares pointed out that most actresses in the Philippines were less than excited about this role due to the homophobic nature of the original character. Rascal was also outspoken against this person but wanted to portray her in the film. Her audition process included an exercise where she had to insult everyone in the room, including the director, and she did it with unsettling and predatory cruelty without losing the smile on her face.

Quark Henares is a bursting bubble of passion and enthusiasm. The film conveys his directorial style through the vivid color palette, the vibrant scenes, and the perfect choice of actors, each fit for their respective roles with calculated measures and casting choices that shine each in their respective roles.

As someone who fell for catfishing before and discovered a network of pals orchestrating the whole ordeal while using one of them as the “bait”, it was interesting for me to dig deeper into “Where is the Lie.” The film not only outlined the whole ordeal that Henares described as a lengthy Twitter thread that went viral in 2020 (at the peak of COVID quarantine) in the Philippines but the motivations behind it and how each person played a role in the diabolical scheme. Henares said that what made him more interested in the project were the intensified feelings of isolation and fear that made any statement from someone online insight into someone else’s “bubble” of life at the time.

It was a refreshing take and an eye-opener, something that Henares owed to the original hero of the true story for her willingness to help, providing details even during the shooting process.

Henares chose to include the antagonist Beanie’s (Rascal) POV in the film adding more depth and layers to the storytelling. After a rosy, schmoopy romantic start, the film shifted to a sinister, more playful tone with the appearance of Beanie and how she explicitly expressed her malicious, homophobic intentions. The viewer sympathizes with Janzen but secretly spies on Beanie, who is the Kathryn Merteuil of this tale, playing cruel intentions with people she carefully selects via dating apps.

Henares had a different style in mind when he first shot the movie, stating that his initial inspiration was a “Rashomon-like” psychological thriller, with the focus on Janzen and the viewer unaware that she was catfished. However, a collage of a movie started forming as his artistic vision became more solid. He shot Janzen’s plotline like a rom-com, Theo’s storyline like a social commentary, and Beanie’s like a Gone Girl, fourth-wall-breaking narrative.

Shifting between POVs created a dynamic that translated superbly onscreen. One scene, in particular, stood out as it cut between Beanie and Janzen, each in her fantasy of a character that might include a fictional version of a person arousing her. It was shot beautifully and masterfully and increased the tension in the film. Another scene that struck me as fresh and exciting involved girls being girls, an honest and loveable depiction of female friendship on the screen showed many intimate and honest details without overdoing it or painting it as too fluffy. Henares attributed that to being raised by women and having many female friends who created an environment of love and compassion surrounding him. He always felt at peace around them and thus felt comfortable being in touch with his feminine side.

“Where is the Lie” had its premiere this year at Slamdance Film Festival and hopefully will reach audiences worldwide on streaming services soon.

Rakhshona Akhmedova

FORGIVE ME, KUMIKO

(Short story)
By Rakhshona Ahmedova
1

I knew Kumiko in Japan. We had been studying in the faculty of History at Tohoku University. I visited her house after the classes. She taught me about Japan. And I had to speak to her in English. She had short boyish hair and narrowed eyes. If I said that she was not a pretty girl, she wouldn’t be sad. She was embarrassed that her teeth were protruding, she tried to cover her mouth with her hands when she was laughing, but she couldn’t. She stepped slowly as every Japanese woman. That aspect separated her from the boys.
Sometimes she asked me:
“Are all your girls beautiful in your country?”
I felt queer.
“You’re beautiful too, Kumiko,” I said smiling. “Every girl has her beauty.”
She was a very kind and cheerful girl. She was more like us Uzbeks who were friendly, well-spoken, and talkative than the quiet and recluse Japanese people. However, she did not like to talk about herself, and the topic of our conversation with her turned only around me.
“Do you talk to your mother?”
“Every day.”
“Every day?” she wondered widening her eyes. “What do you talk about?”
“About us. Am I doing well? She asks what I am busy with, and what I am doing. I also wonder about her health. I want to know if everyone in the family is okay, what news.
“Aren’t you bored?”
“Why? I would like to talk every day if it was possible.”
While she was wondering, she was silent and thoughtful. She was the only child in the family, however, she lived separately from her parents. And it seemed strange to me, it seemed as if she had grown up in an orphanage. She didn’t talk much about her parent, she had only a cute but barking puppy named Kiyoshi. Kumiko loved him too much.
She took her puppy to the ‘’Beauty Salon” once a week, and took him to the veterinarian twice a month. They washed and combed him, his wool was cut short. When they combed his wool and put a ribbon on his head, the fluffy puppy became so cute, but it made me angry. If it was my business, instantly I would have kicked him out. It hurts a person, after all, how many homeless people live without enough food? Maybe I was jealous of him, I didn’t know. However, every time I saw him, I felt angry. I tried not to let Kumiko know it. Kumiko went out with him to walk every day and cleaned up his poops. It disgusted me. The puppy didn’t like me either, he started to get mad as soon as he saw me.
“Stop it, Kiyoshi,” Kumiko said, pointing her index finger at him in a commanding tone.
The puppy immediately stopped barking. He should respect her. He looked at Kumiko differently, I could see a special kindness in his eyes. No matter how angry I was, I should admit that it was the first time I saw such a close relationship between a human and an animal.
Another serious reason for my anger was that I never saw Kumiko sitting in front of the mirror, not paying attention to herself at all. She never made up.
Once I was irritated and said:
“Why do you love that animal? Instead, you should be married, and have children. And you should love them.
“I don’t want to get married,” she said laughing.
“Why? Why do you think so?”
“Family is a serious matter, I have to think about it,” she said, patting his puppy’s head as usual.
“Hey, what do you think,” I said, “Getting married isn’t as scary as you think, besides, you’ll be forty years old before you know it. What do you do next?”
“Age is not important, the most important thing is that you meet a person who is suitable for you in every way,” she said softly.
“There is no perfect person in this world, my dear,” I said without hesitation.
However, we had different opinions on this matter. It was clear that our thoughts would never collide at the same point. She believed that one day she would meet the person she wanted, but I lectured her that she should get married early and that if a woman got old, she would not find the person she wanted tomorrow.
Soon I said:
“Then adopt a child from the orphanage. Many children need for mother’s love. I don’t know if I said this to get rid of the puppy.
“What are you saying, Shona?” she used to call me like this. “Child is a burden! I can give up a puppy whenever I want, but a child…can’t.”
It was hard to understand Kumiko. Her words made me think. I wonder why she loves a dog that she can give up whenever she wants so much.
2
Kumiko was helping me as much as she could as my thesis approached. We were together on that miserable day for Kumiko. She promised to correct some sentences in my graduation work, so I was at her house. Both of us did not notice that it was getting dark.
“You can stay at mine today, I’ll have coffee in a little while, we’ll discuss it again,” Kumiko said kindly.
“Well,” I said, taking this offer with pleasure because I had only two weeks left for my thesis and I hoped to finish our work today. As usual, Kumiko began to prepare her puppy for a walk.
“Let’s not go out today, I don’t want to go out today,” I said as if I felt something unpleasant in my heart.
“No, Kiyoshi is bored, after all, we must go out,” Kumiko refused to stay home as usual, so I reluctantly followed her.
We talked all the way. Kiyoshi kept pushing forward, snatching, and Kumiko was trying to hold him. When the puppy started pulling the rope, I got irritated.
“Let me take it, your hand hurts,” I said with kindness.
I don’t remember what the purpose of saying that was. I didn’t have any bad intentions, but… Kumiko hesitated at first. As my stretched hand hung in the air, she felt embarrassed, and hesitatingly handed the rope. At the end of the rope, there was a holder with a red button, if you pressed it, the rope would not stretch. I pressed the button hard with my thumb. The walk was going well. We stopped at the last intersection to cross the road, and our conversation became intense:
“You should get married soon after you return to your country?” she said laughing. Because she knew that our girls get married early.
“My mother says that the matchmakers are coming, I don’t know,” I said in the sense that it is still difficult to say anything about my fate.
At the same time, Kiyoshi’s sudden push forward made me angry. Where are you going? I said to myself. Then I put my finger on the button. Kiyoshi ran forward, we were startled by the sound of the car’s balloon. It all happened within a minute. We could not realize what happened.
I did not expect this to happen. Kiyoshi was lying under the car, making only moaning sounds. We approached him in fear, he was dying. Kiyoshi knew to stop at the intersection, to wait with his tail wagging, and to walk when the cars stopped moving. He wouldn’t have run away from his owner, or Kumiko wouldn’t have let the rope get too long. I couldn’t understand why Kiyoshi was moving forward today. I was surrounded by strange dreams, I felt sorry for the puppy, but now I was not happy to get rid of him.
Kumiko was completely shocked. She didn’t even notice that the owner of the car bent over and apologized again and again. She just shook her head.
“Maybe we shouldn’t go out,” Kumiko said looking sadly as she was carrying her puppy home in her arms. “Would it be better if I did what you said?”
I didn’t know what to say, what to console. I was very embarrassed. If I had not left the rope, this incident would not have happened. Was I guilty or… I didn’t want to admit it, but what should I have done when he was pulling me? I consoled myself in front of my conscience.
After she buried her puppy in the foothills behind her house, Kumiko prayed for her puppy for a long time. I started to feel uncomfortable, and as I begin to leave, she said:
“The best friend does not leave a person alone when he was in sorrow. I was upset. I stayed with Kumiko that day. While she was drinking sake continuously, she cried recalling the day she bought Kiyoshi and other memories related to him one by one. I just sat next to her. We didn’t sleep all night, and when she went out with me in the morning, I saw a heavy sadness in her eyes, which were red with tears.
3
Kumiko did not come on the day of my thesis. She didn’t invite me, so I couldn’t go to her house. On the day of the graduation, I was looking for Kumiko among the crowd. After that, I decided to go to her home. I push the doorbell for a long time. Then she appeared. She was drunk. She changed after that accident and there was no trace of Kumiko who spoke and laughed. Her hair was matted, her eyelids were swollen, and her eyes seemed to narrow again. She didn’t have a smile on her face like before, I couldn’t recognize my friend.
“I would have invited you to come in, but I’m sorry…” she said looking down.
The inner room was visible through a half-opened door. Bottles, cans, newspapers, and other things, of them, were spread on the floor.
“I came for a while. I’m leaving next week,” I swallowed. “I wanted to thank you.”
“What did I do to be thanked… Thanks to you, I spent many happy days with you.”
“What are you saying?” My heart was crushed as I looked at Kumiko. “I never thought that I would see you in such a bad condition. Get a hold of yourself, after all, he was just a puppy! People get used to their fates even after being separated from their mother and father, they don’t be sad like you.
It was hard to say these words. She listened to my words in silence. Although I believed in my heart that everything would be better after a while, Kumiko’s current state indicated that it was impossible to hope for that. She didn’t say anything. She was drunk, I didn’t know if she realized my words or not. She said goodbye coldly. I heard that she was not allowed until the next semester.
As I was entering the airport, I looked back. There was no sign of her. As soon as I returned to my homeland, I wrote a letter and send it to her on the Internet.
“Ohio.
Kumiko, I miss you so much. I have achieved a lot of things with your help. Thanks for everything! You have to get a hold of yourself, life goes on. Time cures everything… I love you
Your friend Shona”
Many days have passed since then. I sent the same email again when there was no response. Then a letter came from her. She wrote:
“Ohio.
Shona, my dear, I miss you so much too. When you were here, I could only think about you, I would ignore my loneliness. When you left, I was empty…
I see Kiyoshi in my dreams. I see him with a flower garland on his head. If there is a paradise for dogs, he must have walked there…
When you don’t have loved ones, you don’t have any interest in life. I feel like I’ve lost the guiding star that keeps me going.
Take care of yourself.
Your friend Kumiko.”
After that, I did not receive another letter from her. She never responded to my letters. I was wondering what happened to her. Kumiko was a well-educated girl. She lost her favorite puppy because of me, but she was not on bad terms with me. She could blame me, but she didn’t say any bad words. She even wrote a reply to my letter and showed a compliment, she showed her patience.
I was sorry. I realized now that I had unknowingly ruined my friend’s life. I was guilty. One word went out of my heart and transferred to my tongue: “Forgive me, Kumiko!”

Rakhshona Akhmedova was born in 1987 in Ferghana region of Uzbekistan. She graduated from Uzbek State University of World Languages in 2005. She is the winner of the national literary contest of short stories “Water is a priceless blessing”.
In 2020, her first book “The Sea of Dreams” was published in Uzbekistan and second book “Woman under an Umbrella” was published in 2021, by publishing house Akademnashr. Currently She lives and works in Seoul.

Full of Plugs

Hogtied westerns
The village horse 
can't see arms
The cow poked 
the trough water again 
Rootin tootin 
brown hashed 
gun heat 
feather and 
tar
nation



Of Ulterior External Value 

Orthographic memories 
of all the dead sheets 

Evenings think without the woods 
poems frozen of famous words 
flourishing narrow examples

My near high stops writing
Note is not a home 
It must birth around a will

I will be collapsing through 
old-growth woods somewhere 
Tomorrow a pond sabi poem 
will snow my anxieties

Think the year 
and there deeply


Trillium Oxidation 

Midyear past neuritis
a hairdo blossom falls 
milkweed blurred vision 
a dust storm shrugs

A usury of obligations 
without hardship or inhibitions
the power to point 
to your hurried nudism

Sweeping up the wet trail 
of still more beasts 
your body thinks it will take longer 
than a llama queue
you need a bit more time degreed 

An effete moth is an indirect reference 
to something outgrown
you are now accepting silence and urgency 
of a new agent


Public Futilities 

desperate summer
a single line of ants dividing time
in a skydiving office

unfit genome
who is a wall of the day 
leave instead to get back into town 

head to a jogging house 
with the door left open for you 
and autumn in the bottle 


A Row In Which The Sky Was Restless 

a perfect time 
           for another tree 
  
quiet phantoms accept 
the offer of your quarter 
              to make quarter ends

        sorting through 
  all the ancient problems
  all of millennia 

        dragging the harrow from 
        this morning's walk. full time.


petro c. k. lives in the aggressive greenery of Seattle, but lets no moss grow on him. His creative life has included painting, graphic design, sound art, and DJ'ing, but only just recently dove headfirst into writing. His haiku and other short-form poems has already been widely published in dozens of eminent journals, has been nominated for several Touchstone and Pushcart awards, and he has completed his first collection of poetry.

He is the founder and editor of dadakuku (https://www.dadakuku.com), a new poetry journal of extremely short-form absurdity. 

Influenced by surrealism and dada, the poems presented here have been created in part by using predictive text.

IMPROVING THE EXECUTION OF CRIMINAL PENALTIES

Uzbekistan 

3rd course student of Karakalpak State University

sevaragapporova@gmail.com

     Annotation: This scientific article provides some suggestions and considerations that will be included in the criminal executive legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. also on the basis of the experience of many foreign countries will be discussed the amendment additions that should be applied. 

     keywords: fine, compulsory public works, execution in the form of fine days, compensation fund.

As we know from criminal executive law, we can study and analyze the system of execution of punishment in the Republic of Uzbekistan, conditionally dividing it into two parts, namely:

Activities of punitive institutions and bodies not related to separation from society;

Activities of punitive institutions and bodies associated with separation from society.

Indeed, to date, the fact that criminal punishments are used more productively in judicial practice, which are not associated with separation from society, is a noticeable aspect. 

The fact that the possibility of applying an economic sanction in the form of a fine instead of imprisonment for criminal cases in the field. Economics has been expanded is also a fact, if we say, of our significant achievements. After all, according to him, the type of punishment in the form of confiscation of property contrary to humanitarian principles was excluded from the criminal punishment system. In accordance with this, the classification of crimes was radically changed by the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “on amendments and additions to the criminal, criminal procedure codes of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Code of administrative responsibility in connection with the liberalization of criminal penalties”, adopted on August 29, 2001 at the initiative of the head of state. As a result, 75% of crimes in the category of serious and very serious were transferred to the category of crimes without high social risk and not very serious.

Also, the Criminal Code introduced rules that the punishment in the field of deprivation of Liberty in the event of compensation for material damage, and this principle of humanism and tolerance gives the expected effect in practice. Among them, the penalty of fines is one of those that bring great benefits to the state. A fine is the collection of money from the guilty person to state income in the amount established by the Criminal Code. The fine is appointed by the court taking into account the social danger of the crime committed by the guilty person, as well as his material condition. The convicted person must have practically sufficient access to the payment of the penalty imposed by the court.

In the legislation of Uzbekistan, a fine is assigned in the amount from five to six hundred times the amount of the base calculation, and in the case of minors – from two to twenty times. A fine in relation to minors can be appointed only if its independent monthly salary is available. According to the law, the execution of a fine is carried out by the Bureau of compulsory execution under the prosecutor general’s Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A person sentenced to a fine is obliged to pay the fine on a voluntary basis within a period of one month from the date of entry into legal force of the sentence, and a minor-within a period of six months.

Part 3 of Article 19 of the criminal Executive Code states that if it is not possible for a convicted person to pay a fine in full within the specified period, the court May, according to his petition, delay the execution of the sentence for up to six months according to Part 2 of Article 533 of the code of Criminal Procedure or Of course, when resolving this issue, the judge decides by taking into account certain circumstances of the case and the material condition of the convicted person.

In my opinion, it is necessary to introduce two types of penalty execution. The first of these is the actual execution, the second is the execution of punishment in the form of fine days. The execution of a fine in the form of fine days involves the obligation of the convicted person to regularly enter a certain amount of money into the state budget. The penalty days are the minimum of the day rate depending on the severity of the crime – the five full day rate, while the highest rate is set at three hundred and sixty full day rates. This should be applied taking into account the material condition of the convict and the profit that will fall on the state.

What is the difference between such execution and postponement of payment of a fine or payment in installments, the difference is that the delay in payment of a fine or payment in installments is applied if the material condition of the convicted person deteriorates after the release of the court sentence, and the fine days are applied taking into account the financial condition. Such execution of the penalty is provided for by the criminal executive legislation of most states. An example of this is the criminal Executive Law of France, Germany.

Another of the criminal penalties not related to imprisonment in the criminal executive legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan is correctional labor. According to Article 46 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, correctional work consists in the forced involvement of a person in labor for a period of six months to three years, withholding from ten to thirty percent of his salary to state income, and the punishment is passed in accordance with the judgment of the court in the places.

Such a system for the execution of this punishment should be created in which how much of the money that will be deducted from the convicts serving the punishment for correctional labor should be allocated to the victims. For this purpose, The “Victim Compensation Fund” should be established in Uzbekistan. Then the amount that will be deducted from the convicted person’s salary for victims will be transferred directly to the Victim Compensation Fund. This fund, on the other hand, distributes the amounts received for victims who do not have the opportunity to compensate for material and moral damage. This system is provided for by the legislation of most countries in the world. In particular, the state of Kazakhstan is also used in criminal executive legislation.

It is necessary to clarify the law in order to assist persons who have served the sentence of imprisonment in their later life in labor and domestic affairs. That is, Article 173 of the criminal Executive Code provides for the following norm, namely: “regional, district, city hall:

Helps persons released from serving sentences in the regulation of employment and household finances, as well as in the provision of other types of social assistance;

Every year, jobs for persons discharged from institutions allocate loans, and also encourage individuals and legal entities who put them to work,” the supplement should be included.

The purpose of the introduction of such a norm is a difficult matter for convicts who have served a sentence in our society to find a job. Therefore, in the criminal executive legislation of most states, such and similar norms are established. For example, in the Criminal executive legislation of Kazakhstan, Latvia, such a norm is established.

 One of the main tools is the formation of law-abiding behavior in Persons Sentenced to criminal punishment and a respectful attitude to the rules of conduct in society, their social adaptation, assistance in obtaining education and vocational training in preventing the commission of a new crime. Therefore, in recent years, special importance has been attached to measures aimed at obtaining appropriate education of persons serving sentences in the processes of reforming the judicial system, improving criminal and criminal procedural legislation.

As we know from criminal Executive Law, general secondary education of convicts is organized in penitentiary institutions. The administration of the institution provides the convicts with the conditions established by law for their education and independent education, and provides the necessary support. Convicts are not allowed to receive education in higher and secondary special educational institutions, with the exception of convicts in the address colonies, where they can receive education in correspondence departments of educational institutions. 

All convicts must be given the right to distance education in higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. The experience of foreign countries in this regard was studied. When studying the legislation on the education of convicts in countries such as Russia, Ukraine, USA, Germany, Great Britain, Australia, Norway, it was found that the establishment of a system of general secondary and secondary special, vocational education and higher education of convicts helped in the social adaptation of convicts who served their sentences. Alternatively, it has been observed that such practice has yielded good results in preventing convicts from entering the criminal path again.

From the above, it can be concluded that almost all proposals and changes made to improve the execution of criminal penalties serve to make the current execution more clear and understandable, as well as to perfect them. Because these proposals are being put into practice in the criminal executive legislation of many foreign countries and give good results. 

References

The law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “on amendments and additions to the criminal, criminal procedure codes of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the code of administrative responsibility in connection with the liberalization of criminal penalties”of August 29, 2001 // Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. – 2001. №9 – 10. – 165-m.

Criminal Executive Code of the Republic of Lithuania.

Criminal Executive Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Criminal Executive Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation.

Bio: Jeffrey Spahr-Summers is a poet, writer, photographer, editor, and publisher. Jeff is the editor and publisher of Jasper’s Folly Poetry Journal. His photos and poems have been published in numerous print and online magazines.