The revival and development of national cultural heritage is the valuable treasure of Uzbekistan.
UDC: И 37.02
Mirsalixova Robiya
Mirsalikhova Robiya
Student of Uzbekistan State World Languages University
E-mail: mirsalikhovar@gmail.com
Annotation
The article is intended to examine the significance of the national self-awareness in the revival and prosperity of Uzbek culture.At the present stage of human development, marked by accelerating globalization processes, the problem of spirituality and spiritual values is more relevant than ever. Undeniably, the national self-awareness serves as a foundation to the strong revival and cultural prosperity. As socio-historical experience testifies, underestimation of spiritual heritage leads society to spiritual poverty and degradation, a crisis of culture itself. The past twentieth century has clearly demonstrated what happens to a person when he loses value guidelines and life meanings, when religion and morality as traditional carriers of spirituality gradually cease to fulfill their functions, and technogenic civilization gives rise to spiritual limitations.
Keywords: spirituality and spiritual values, national independence, social life, national self-awareness, national pride, literature and their popularization.
Spirituality is a complex and multifaceted concept. During the reign, of Islam Karimov published a number of books, most of which were published in the 90s. One of the valuable one is considered to be a book so-called “High Spirituality is an invincible force”. The book “High Spirituality is an invincible force” comprehensively analyzes the content of spirituality as a complex and multifaceted concept at the theoretical and practical levels[1]. It is unique to humans and covers a wide range of human activities. Spirituality represents the essence of man as a socio-cultural being.[2] It is not limited to the framework of religion, science or art, but covers all aspects of human life and permeates all forms of social life, ennobles and brings a higher meaning to everything. It is the total organic unity of such truly human traits as truthfulness, spiritual purity, conscience, honor, patriotism, love of beauty, hatred of evil, will, perseverance. Together with human qualities, spirituality also covers spiritual culture, both in a broader aspect – science, philosophy, morality, law, literature and art, education, media, customs, traditions, and in a narrow sense – religion and spiritual practice itself – worship, cult, religious rituals, religious art.[3]
After gaining national independence and state sovereignty, profound internal changes began in the political and economic life of the republic. Transformation processes covered almost all aspects of life in the republic. A special role in the process of formation of civil society belongs to the revival of spirituality. Thus, immediately after the declaration of independence in Uzbekistan, the strengthening and development of the sphere of spirituality of the people was recognized as a priority direction for building a legal democratic civil society in the republic, along with the economy. In the process of transition to a market economy, the national-historical features of the way of life, customs and traditions of the people were taken into account.
Thus, from the first days of independence, the revival of spiritual values by the country’s leadership became the most important task, raised to the level of state policy, and began to be considered as an organic, natural process of growth of national self-awareness, a return to the spiritual origins of the people, their roots. Thanks to independence, the opportunity arose to study and revive the spiritual heritage of our great ancestors. Events dedicated to their anniversaries were held jointly with UNESCO. [4]For example, in September 1991, the republic widely celebrated the 550th anniversary of the founder of the Uzbek literary language, Alisher Navoi. In honor of this event, the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan was named after Alisher Navoi, the State Prize named after Alisher Navoi was established, and such works as “Lison ut-tair”, “Sabayi Sayyor”, “Farhad and Shirin” were published. , “Leili and Majnun”, “Khairat-ul Abror”, films and stage productions were created[5].
Folk art is not only one of the spheres of traditional culture, but also one of the most important components of spiritual heritage. Its revival contributes to the improvement of society, its self-organization and self-regulation in the process of transferring cultural values, experience, knowledge from one generation to another, affects the moral and psychological climate in society, providing its development with an optimistic orientation, stipulating the steady progress of social relations that contribute to the harmonious development of free personality in the conditions of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. With independence, folk art became one of the main factors in the revival, development and strengthening of the spiritual foundations of a renewing society.
It should be especially noted that, starting from 2017, issues of culture and cultural values have become the highest priority in state policy. Currently, in our country, on the basis of the Action Strategy for five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017–2021. Large-scale transformations are being carried out in all areas and industries. At the same time, special attention is paid to further strengthening noble values and traditions in our lives. In accordance with the adopted Strategy, practical steps are being taken to develop culture, art, literature and the media. At the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, work aimed at in-depth research into the unique cultural heritage of our people, establishing interfaith and intercivilizational dialogue, widespread propaganda of educating young people in the spirit of humanistic ideas and national pride has been strengthened and expanded on a large scale. Thus, one of the first resolutions signed by Shavkat Mirziyoyev as President was the resolution on the widespread celebration of the 80th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding poet and writer Erkin Vakhidov, who made a great contribution to the development of Uzbek literature and culture.[6]
A special resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 13, 2017 “On the program of comprehensive measures to develop the system of publishing and distributing book products and improving the culture of reading” was also adopted. [7]They are aimed at solving such important problems as high-quality publishing of books, timely delivery of book products at reasonable prices to places, including educational institutions, translation of the best examples of national and world literature, developing in the younger generation from early childhood a love of books and skills reading e-books, increasing the reading culture in our society. Attention is paid to posting on the Internet the best works of classics of Uzbek and world literature and their popularization, as well as ensuring accessibility for a wide range of readers.
The cultural policy of the state, based on the humanization of artistic life, the establishment in various spheres of art of freedom of creativity, free choice of themes and artistic means of expression, as well as the multi-vector nature of cultural relations and the entry of Uzbekistan into the world cultural space had a positive impact on the processes of revival and development of artistic culture republics.
References.
Mirsalikhova Robiya Timurovna. (2024). Islam Karimov as a daring initiator and confident catalyst of conducive alterations in Uzbekistan. Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28, 1–5. Retrieved from https://zienjournals.com/index.php/zjssh/article/view/4899
Эркаев А. Духовность – энергия независимости. Ташкент: Маънавият, 2001.
Ҳакимов А. Искусство Узбекистана: история и современность. Ташкент: San’at. 2010
Каримов И.А. Высокая духовность – непобедимая сила. Т., «Узбекистан», 2008
[1] Mirsalikhova Robiya Timurovna. (2024). Islam Karimov as a daring initiator and confident catalyst of conducive alterations in Uzbekistan. Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28, 1–5. Retrieved from https://zienjournals.com/index.php/zjssh/article/view/4899
[2] Эркаев А. Духовность – энергия независимости. Ташкент: Маънавият, 2001.
[3] Каримов И.А. Высокая духовность – непобедимая сила. Т., «Узбекистан», 2008
School-age child and his psychologyAbdukadirova Mahliyo
Faculty of Primary Education, Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Tashkent Uzbekistan
Abstract: In the article, we will get acquainted with the education, upbringing and psychology of school-aged children. Information is given about the circumstances of early childhood and the circumstances that develop in the child's age and psychology. Parents are also informed about how to react at this time and what they should pay more attention to.
Key words: Psychology, early childhood, preschool education, age crisis, cognitive process, intensive memory.
Since when did psychology develop at this level, not only for school-aged children, but for everyone in general, the attention given to it has rapidly increased, and today such questions have increased a lot. From the years of independence, the attention to people began to change, their value was appreciated, and hopes for the future grew. Not only adults, but also children, their education has reached an important level. One of the main goals is to increase attention to them from childhood, to teach them the first stages of education before they reach school age, and to pay special attention to the psychology of each child. The future is in the hands of these children, so it is the duty of adults to create enough opportunities for them today. Every child starts his education in his family, then when he reaches a certain age, he goes to preschool, then to primary school, and so on, of course, his psychology also develops.
Psychologists define preschool age as three to seven years. Because the periods of crisis that occur in every era begin precisely in childhood from the age of three. A child who has reached the age of three begins to experience the first age crisis. At the same time, seven years are also called such a period of crisis. Of course, the reason for this is the school-going age, which is the period of every child's life from the first age crisis to the second age crisis, and it is also a very important period for pedagogues and psychologists. After a three-year-old child begins preschool education, very different changes begin to be observed in him, that is, now he begins to help, think for himself, make decisions, and even behave like adults. It is a period of rapid growth and development of the child to understand what is happening around him. When starting preschool education, parents give him the main support, the skills and qualifications that he has, because the process of transitioning from playing games to preparing lessons begins. A child who grows up playing various role-playing games and imitating them no longer imitates them at the age of five. His psychology now begins to prioritize education.
According to psychologists, it is very good for a child to grow up playing various games, because by playing games, he creates an event or a fairy tale, he searches for names for the characters in it, and the game during the playing process, they organize a conversation with each other, of course, this significantly increases the process of communication in the child. A child who has reached the age of six now wants to increase his conversation with children of the same age. Three or four children become friends together, their interest in drawing and listening to fairy tales increases. Of course, a child who is interested in doing everything has whims and masculinity, but it is easier to get out of such a situation by trying to understand him and not just leave him alone. This is how we can answer the question of how the psychology of a preschool child changes. A child of that age has a very good memory, but a child cannot imagine something without seeing or touching it. That is, his imagination will be limited. Parents and children to develop it he should take him on more walks, take him to museums and similar places and patiently and attentively show and explain everything. He should talk with the child about what he saw, ask questions and answer all the questions of the child. Of course, with this, memory develops intensively, the child's attention increases. It is very important to strengthen and develop memory in school-aged children.
Rapid mental development at preschool age, that is, the child's excessive curiosity and asking many questions, is also found in his psychology. As a result, the child develops cognitive processes: memory, attention, thinking, speech, emotion, imagination and creative abilities. A parent who sees a child's mental development and is not indifferent pays him a lot of attention and helps him take the first steps for his future. When a child comes into the world, it is like a white sheet of paper, and when the feelings that we count as adults are formed in him, gradually his life develops mentally and spiritually. School-aged children start coloring this white paper due to their interest in various things, and parents play the biggest role here. That is, they help the child to paint this white paper with suitable colors. In order to know and understand all this, first of all, they should be able to understand the child's psychology and show the right way. Giving birth to a child does not mean that everything is fine, the most important thing is to be able to give him appropriate education. Because that child is considered a person in society, a person who has not received proper education is not considered important for any society.
References:
1. Ghaziev E.G. General psychology. Tashkent. 2002.1-2 books
2. Vahidov M., Psychology of preschool education, Tashkent 1970.
3. Karimova V.M. Sunnatova R. Independent thinking Tashkent "Sharq" 2000
4. Nishonova Z.T Independent creative thinking Tashkent "Science" 2004
5. Ghaziyev E. Psychology of thought Tashkent "Teacher" 1990
6. Salayeva L.Sh. Child psychology and its study. Tashkent 2022
7. Khaitboyeva N. Rahimova U. Characteristics of children's psychology.
Skin
The fallen leaves of ashen branches
The dark corridors of witchhours of Soho
I call back my divine spree
My nebulous skin opens forth
As it did with the wildly sights
The passengers come forth
The dark train leaps forth
The tulle disk hour is gone
For it braids within the nightmarish high
The evening skies that simmered through
For the deadly hours run by
As the daisies open forth
As the Lilacs spread their lofty wings sky high.
Ergasheva Mashkhura was born in 1998 year Republic of Uzbekistan, Samarkand region, Nurabad district. She is a student (Samarkand State of University, Faculty of Philology). Her poems have been published on the site- Dilimiz va Edebiyatimiz and others.
School
I studied at school,
I wrote poems in class,
One day, my teacher,
I had a lot of two ends.
I promised that day
Saying I'll study at five,
That day I hit
I got on the list again.
Where do I read promise after promise,
In the teacher's waiting room,
I walk in the shelter.
When you need to read
When you read in the evening,
The age passed with joy
Don't be lonely like me.
A child
Women without children,
He says I'm hard on nails
Many women with children,
He says he is rich in this world.
God, no one
Don't be a progeny,
Be wise
Don't be foolish.
Do not despise children,
Your heart is so sad,
Children need love,
You have another Kimi.
Children wait at home, parents,
Try to comb your hair,
Even a dog caresses a child.
Pamper your baby too.
Wailing
Ex dear, my moan in a dream
It broke my heart.
You are the child in me that you left behind
My mother asks where you are
A child needs a mother's love,
His mother has his friends,
This world is narrow in his eyes,
What can I do now dear?
The world has not seen mercy,
After all, he did not have a mother.
My mother is crying hard.
What can I do now dear?
No stranger will be a mother,
I can't get enough of the child either.
I also pray every day,
Thank you, I will not be disappointed
My mom.
White when it gets in my hair.
My parents remembered you.
I am thankful that my father is with me.
When life brings sorrow to the head,
I hide the moisture in my eyes,
RlErkalatib I am also a child.
I miss your caresses.
What you gave me without eating
What you put on
You made me laugh when I cried
Missing you, I remembered you.
May your grave be filled with light, mother
Your poor quality is over, mother.
This world is hard for me without you
My heavenly loving mother.
Sprout
You are so delicate, you are like a sprout,
One day you will bloom like spring,
Let it sprout and grow.
Root your body to the ground.
Your veins are on the ground, your show is in the blue.
You catch the sun, it's on the curtain.
It cools the hearts and gives rest.
Takes care, gives rest
Iforing smelled and fell on the rogat.
The city and the countryside are beautiful with you.
You shake your head in the wind.
You wash your long hair in the rain.
Mountains and gardens are beautiful with you.
Poets write in praise of you, ghazals.
Your friend stabs you in the heart,
Although it is bad to eat without blood.
It hurts bitterly,
He still says he's a friend to your face.
What does a friend mean?
He will never reveal your secrets
What does a friend mean?
I don't shy away from my problem.
I didn't trust my friends either.
It is a friend to your career and wealth.
If you run out of money, he will put it aside.
He turns away when he sees it.
I found out that my parents are friends
My friend who made a complaint at the place,
Agil is my family friend,
Only Allah is my best friend.
My mom
My mother is passing, my dear.
May this grave be filled with light,
I will spread flowers on you,
Who do I open my heart to?
Prayers on the spot,
I remember what you did
Walking around our yard
I'm looking for you to walk
Life returns to Orga,
I would lay my head on your lap,
I can't take my eyes off you
I caressed
Mother's place is irreplaceable, not even a kind one.
It ended with youth,
Sweet sweet dreams
Life
The example of life is like a candle,
burning slowly
Today from my past life
The error is increasing.
How many mistakes have I made
I committed sins,
Sometimes I cried and sometimes I laughed
Life is passing.
Heading to the place
I cried a lot
One day we will die and life is passing.
Appreciating youth
Praying sweetly
We walked and played and laughed.
Life is passing
Our life is a blank page,
How to fill from us,
Let us pray
Well done boys and girls.
Ice heart
If I say I'm white as snow
When your heart is cold
Hey spring, don't come
It's a cold autumn.
I hit you
You're a stain on my heart
I need you today
I was the one who suffered
Without my mother's word,
I turned away from the beautiful,
Not knowing that
Only I said you.
Until what happens
be happy
I will see one day
I was unhappy.
Roziyeva is the daughter of Gulbahor Hasanboy.
She was born on September 7, 2006, Koshtepa district, Fergana region. Currently, she is a 2nd year student at KHM No. 2, Koshtepa district.
THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND ONLINE PLATFORMS IN PHYSICS LESSONS
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University
Begmuradov Shokhzod
Abstact: The problem of using gaming technologies for teaching schoolchildren to solve physical problems is discussed. The possibilities of a virtual environment for organizing gaming learning activities are considered. The analysis of the domestic and foreign gaming resources in physics presented in the open access is given. The necessity of replenishing the modern resource base of this type, including the section of computer games for training sessions on solving physical problems, is substantiated. The didactic game “Golf” developed by the authors of the article is presented. The game model of the resource is implemented in the 3D simulation mode in the Unity environment. The content of training tasks, dynamic game video sequence, the interactive nature of the interaction of participants with game objects and the competitive effect of the game are aimed at consolidating and developing the knowledge, skills and abilities previously acquired by the student in solving physical problems on the topic “Kinematics”.
Keywords: teaching physics, solving physical problems, game learning technologies, virtual game environment, development of digital game, learning resources in physics.
Problem solving is one of the important ways for students to acquire scientific knowledge and develop their cognitive skills. This type of activity contributes to the development of thinking and creative abilities of students, influences the formation of their interest in the study of physics.
To date, a very extensive system of scientific and methodological knowledge and effective pedagogical practices for teaching students to solve problems in physics have been accumulated. This serves as a sufficient basis for comprehending and transferring the accumulated pedagogical experience to a new information and educational environment, saturated with virtual educational objects and computer learning technologies.
The implementation of productive technologies for teaching students to solve physical problems by means of a virtual information environment is an urgent problem of modern methodological science and pedagogical practice. Works devoted to finding ways to solve this problem have already been presented in the pedagogical press (D.V. Bayandin, M.D. Dammer, V.A. Izvozchikov, A.S. Kondratiev, V.V. Laptev, A.A. Ospennikov, E.V. Ospennikova, V.G. Petrosyan, L.V. Petrosyan, I.R. Perepecha, S.E. Popov, L.A. Proyanenkova, A.V. Smirnov, M.I. Starovikov, D.E. Temnov, A.O. Chefranova and others). The process of accumulating digital resources intended to support the educational process in solving physical problems is gaining momentum. These are resources on CD and resources of the global network.
Digital manuals on CD for high school, distributed in the domestic market, contain a large number of educational tasks. The practice of developing such resources has more than two decades. In recent years, the quality of these resources has changed for the better. The species composition of tasks has been updated, in particular, the number of tasks of different levels of complexity (tasks-exercises, typical, non-standard) has increased, more attention is paid to contextual physical tasks and tasks-projects for educational research. The variety of media formats for representing problem situations is growing. A wide range of virtual objects (video drawings, animations, models, simulators, etc.) are involved, which can be used not only to present students with problem situations, but also to support the process of solving a problem, as well as to check the result. Computer technologies for the formation of students’ skills and abilities in solving problems are being improved: the variety of interactive exercises for practicing individual operations necessary for solving problems of various types has increased; original simulators have been developed for mastering the basic actions that make up the solution of a physical problem; the help system has been updated and expanded, which provides examples of solutions to problems of varying complexity; Interactive training tests appeared, designed for self-control by students of the level of formation of their skills and abilities in solving problems.
In addition to resources on CD, an Internet database of digital materials for solving problems has been created and is being developed. There is a whole network of educational portals and sites (federal, regional, regional and personal), which present: collections of problems of various types, digital solution books and reference books, tool programs for solving problems, simulators and tests, video tutorials for solving problems on various educational topics, distance schools (courses) to prepare students for the Unified State Examination, workshops for applicants, materials for physics olympiads, materials for physics teachers on the methodology of teaching students to solve problems, etc. Enough the developed digital resource base creates all the necessary conditions for a significant update of the practice of organizing the educational process to solve physical problems in order to increase its effectiveness. The purpose and role of the task in learning is determined by its essence as a pedagogical tool. In accordance with the concept of A.N. The Leontief task is considered as a component of the subject’s activity (a relatively independent formation in the structure of this activity): “… the goal of the action, set in certain conditions” [7]. In a more complete interpretation, the essence of this concept is defined as follows: “The task is the result of reflecting in the consciousness of the subject the situation of life activity, which requires mental and practical actions from him, aimed at its transformation, taking into account the goals relevant to the subject and objectively specified (internal, external) conditions for this transformation” [8, p. 481]. Note that task situations can be fixed not only in the individual, but also in the public consciousness. Objectified by a person and presented on an auxiliary medium, the task becomes the property of society and can be both relevant and irrelevant for society.
An educational physical task is a task for the solution of which knowledge of the basics of physical science is used and methods of cognition corresponding to this science are applied. The educational nature of the task is determined by the orientation of its content and methods of solution to the mastering by students of the system of subject and meta-subject knowledge, skills and abilities (KAS), as well as the development of a system of psychological properties (in particular, methods of mental actions – SUD) and personality traits of the student [8].
The following are the educational functions of the learning task:
– educational:
• assimilation of knowledge (about facts, concepts, laws, theories, methods of activity);
• improving the quality of knowledge (depth, strength, consistency, etc.);
• comprehension of interdisciplinary connections of various fields of science and practice;
• mastering the methods of natural science knowledge;
• formation of cognitive and practical skills;
– developing:
• improvement of the entire system of cognitive processes (attention, perception, representation, imagination, thinking, memory, speech);
• formation of readiness for creative activity;
– educational:
• formation of scientific outlook and natural-science style of thinking;
• formation of socially valuable motives for learning (in particular, cognitive interest);
• formation of individual independence in learning;
• education of volitional and moral qualities of a person;
• Assistance in the formation of the general culture of the student and his readiness to apply knowledge in solving various problems of life.
One of the important conditions for the implementation of broad educational opportunities inherent in the activity of solving problems is their necessary and sufficient diversity. Classifications of learning tasks are given in [8, 10]. The construction of these classifications is based on ideas about the variety of types of educational activities, including the activities of students in a virtual educational environment. The authors identify more than 15 classification grounds. According to the content of the activity, they distinguish: scientific tasks (to be solved together with a teacher, a scientific consultant: the concept of V.V. Mayer); learning tasks and game learning tasks.
Within the framework of this article, questions of the development and application of game situations in solving physical problems are considered.
Game tasks are quite an effective means of learning. Game development (proposing an idea, preparing a script, producing game objects) based on educational tasks is a fairly obvious and very effective methodological activity, since almost any game situation is associated with a person solving certain problems.
The game is the resolution of any situation of human life in a conditionally modified environment. A person agrees on the content of the changes to be made with the participants in the game or with himself. Changes are both ideal and material. Material changes are associated with the use of special game objects. The laws of interaction of an individual with game objects, regardless of the environment (nature, “second” nature, book, audio and video, virtual environment), to which they belong, are of a general nature.
Game activity necessarily has as its result a pronounced complex educational effect: training, development and education. The acquisition of new experience in the game (learning) is its important goal, but, in addition, the game is a significant means of satisfying the needs of the emotional-sensory sphere of a person, his needs for self-affirmation, self-realization, and communication. Game activity contributes to the development of the volitional beginning of a person’s personality, his intellectual and physical abilities, etc. The presence of the second (personal) component of play activity makes learning in play involuntary, emotionally comfortable, and highly productive (although the effect is usually achieved in a fairly narrow area of social practice).
References:
1. Zentsova I.M., Ospennikova E.V. Application of ICT tools in the organization of a home physical experiment // Bulletin of the State Pedagogical University. Series: ICT in education. – Perm: PSGPU. – 2016.
– Issue 12. – P. 45 – 81.
2. Games and applications for learning physics, chemistry and mathematics. [Electronic resource]. (date of access: 02/15/2018).
3. Lanina I. Ya. Methods of forming the cognitive interest of schoolchildren in the process of teaching physics: Dis. … Dr. ped. Sciences. L., – 1984. – 409 p.
4. Lanina I.Ya. Formation of cognitive interests of students in physics lessons: A book for teachers. – M.: Enlightenment. – 1985. – 128.
5. Lanina I.Ya., Dovga G.V. Physics lesson: how to make it modern and interesting: Book. for the teacher. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of the Russian State Pedagogical University im. A.I. Herzen, 2000. – 260 p.
6. Lanina I.Ya., Tryapitsina A.P. Pushing the boundaries of the familiar: a journey through the lessons of physics – L .: Lenizdat, 1990. – 110 p.
The son of Begmuradov Shokhzod Dilmurod was born on January 4, 1997 in Bakhmal district of Jizzakh region. He is currently a 3rd -year student of Physics and Astronomy at Jizzakh State Pedagogical University located in Jizzakh and the winner and prize-winner of several Olympiads and events.
