Help me understand why nothing matters. Repeatedly, I listen to a joke that is not funny. Maybe my ears do not work. Maybe I am drunk, too drunk, and my mind, my poor mind is gone. I could barely hear my own thoughts. In my head I hear dogs barking and a tarantula dancing and time beating backward. I grow tired of sound. If a tree falls, I cannot hear it when I see it drop in front of me. In my head an orange sunset swallows a burning plane whole. I hear my heart racing. I pretend my heart has stopped. Believe me that nothing matters. When I think back, I could never find my footing. The ground broke my fall. Above the sky stood witness all day and all of the night.
Kicking Stones
I will not go along the road without kicking stones that are in the way. I kicked one so far that it was not seen again. I believe it went up to the clouds. I think it put a hole in the sun. I believe it brought down a satellite. The others only exploded right after I kicked them, too brittle for this world.
Go Nowhere
If I could anywhere, I want to go nowhere. With these eyes as my windows, I could see far and wide. I could see inside myself. I could hear everything I have ever forgotten. I can see the truth which is basically nothing depending on what you believe. I can see nowhere. It is where I want to go.
See the Mountains
I was born where I could not see the mountains from the street I grew up from birth to seven years of age. When I moved across the border, I saw rivers, places named after words I did not understand, and I saw the mountains from the street where I lived. I had to relearn the alphabet, to learn the new words, the new language I would use to fit in, to get by, to make a life, a living in this country. On a bright early morning I saw people who came to this country like me, people who worked hard to make a living, to feed their family, being taken away by masked goons. I could see the mountains where I stood. I wondered if I went there, if I would be safer than living in suburban or the urban streets.
My Suits
My suits have not been used for years. They hang in the closet worn by a man who was more slender in those times the suit came off the hangar. My body has transformed over the years, been on the operating table, cut into to get the cancer out to allow me to live one more decade if the fates will allow. In this daily existence I have measured my steps, counted the minutes, and worked at a mind-drudging job to pay the bills, care for my family, and help those less fortunate than me. My suits gather dust, speechless, non-judgmental in the same place I left them. I would need to shed twenty, thirty, fifty pounds to wear them well, to button at least one button, or maybe two. My ties have suffered from the same neglect.
Give me the chicha to drink and your nasal song that springs from your being. Shout your wisdom to all the winds with drums and charangos, with violins and quenas. Sing, brother, for I want to get drunk, dance in circles of the bonfire, for I want to be infected. You who know of time and suns, tell me the stories of our ancient land. Teach me your language of native words for my Chaco verses that want to be simple as you are.
Ana Elisa Medina, from the book “Verses of the People”, Ed. Región, Resistencia, 1974, pp. 91 Argentina.
A writer, mediator, and visual arts technician, she has published six books: Verses of the People; History of the First Constitutional Governor of Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz in Flames; Being With…; Man’s Anxiety; Paths of the Soul; more than seventy-five anthologies; magazines, newspapers, and cultural radio programs such as “Aonikenk” and “Cultural Bonfire,” as well as television programs, etc. She has received national and international awards. A member of the C.F.C. of SADE, president of IALL, she is involved in several cultural groups such as “Together for Letters,” “Literary Sparks,” and “Artemanaike,” etc.
This article analyzes the role of digital technologies in modern society and the processes of digital transformation taking place across various sectors. It highlights the positive impact of the digital world on education, the economy, public administration, and everyday life. Key areas such as the digital economy, e-government systems, online services, and cloud technologies are examined from a scientific perspective. The study also explores issues related to internet security, personal data protection, and cybersecurity. In conclusion, the article evaluates the overall significance of the digital world for the development of society.
Keywords:
Digital world, digitalization, digital economy, e-government, information technologies, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, online services, digital education, data protection, innovation.
Introduction
Today, technological progress is reaching its highest level, and digital technologies are becoming an integral part of all human activities. With the widespread use of the internet, mobile applications, and the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the concept of the “digital world” has emerged. This article examines the advantages and opportunities provided by the digital world, its impact on various aspects of society, and the challenges that arise as a result of digital transformation.
Main Part
The Role of the Digital World in Society
The process of digitalization is enabling significant changes in public administration, education, healthcare, the economy, and social life. The introduction of e-government systems provides citizens with convenient online access to official documents, applications, and public services. This contributes to time savings, transparency, and improved accessibility. In the field of education, digital platforms are widely used, fostering the development of distance learning systems. Virtual laboratories, digital libraries, and AI-based learning tools offer learners modern and efficient educational opportunities.
The Formation of the DigitalEconomy
The digital economy is a modern economic model in which value is created primarily through digital data and technologies. E-commerce, online payment systems, fintech services, and cryptocurrencies are improving the efficiency of economic processes. Key advantages of the digital economy include:
Increased transparency of economic activities
Resource efficiency
Fast payment systems
Access to global markets
Creation of new jobs
Security Issues in the Digital World
Along with technological advancement, various online threats have also emerged. Cybercrimes, malware, online fraud, and the theft of personal data have become major modern security concerns. These include:
Phishing (stealing data through fake websites)
Viruses and Trojan software
Unauthorized access to databases
Fake information and online manipulation
Therefore, it is essential to develop effective cybersecurity strategies, strengthen data protection mechanisms, and increase digital literacy.
4. The Importance of Digital Education
Digital education is one of the fastest-developing fields today. Distance learning, digital platforms, online courses, and electronic resources simplify the learning process and increase accessibility. Students can join classes from any location and gain access to a wide range of learning materials. Advantages of digital education include:
Unlimited access to educational resourced
Interactive learning methods
Increased efficiency through modern technology
Conclusion
In conclusion, the digital world has become an essential component of modern society. It covers all areas of human life and ensures more convenient, faster, and efficient operations. At the same time, the rapid development of digital technologies makes issues such as personal data protection, reducing online risks, and strengthening cybersecurity increasingly important. For successful development in the digital environment, it is crucial to use technologies consciously, responsibly, and safely.
References
1. Karimov A., Jo‘raqulov O. Information Technologies and Digital
Transformation. Tashkent: Fan va texnologiya, 2022. 2. To‘xtayev Sh. Fundamentals of the Digital Economy. Tashkent: Iqtisodiyot, 2021. 3. Hasanov B. Cybersecurity and Data Protection. Tashkent: Innovatsiya nashriyoti, 2020. 4. Turaboyev I. Architecture of Information Systems. Tashkent: TATU
Publishing, 2019. 5. Shoshilinchov N. Digital Society and E-Government Systems. Tashkent: Adolat, 2021. 6. OECD. Digital Economy Report: Digital Transformation and Society. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2022. 7. UNESCO. ICT in Education: Global Trends and Challenges. 2023. 8. Castells M. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishing, 2010. 9. ENISA. Cybersecurity Threat Landscape Report. 2023. 10. World Bank. Digital Development Overview. Washington, 2022.
This article provides a scientific analysis of the biological nature of mutations, their effects on organisms, and their types. Mutations are considered permanent changes in genetic material and play an important role in shaping the phenotypic characteristics of organisms. The article discusses in detail the natural and artificial forms of mutations, their positive and negative consequences, as well as their effects on human and animal organisms.
Mutations are changes in the structure of DNA or chromosomes that play a central role in biological evolution and in the emergence of various genetic diseases. Mutations shape the phenotypic characteristics of organisms and influence their ability to adapt to the environment.
In modern genetics, the study of mutations is of great importance for human health, breeding processes, and ecological research. Mutations occur as a result of many factors, including radiation, chemical substances, viruses, and natural mutational processes. Their outcomes may be noticeable at the phenotypic level, which can alter the organism’s vital activity in either positive or negative ways.
Main Part
Gene mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of a specific gene in DNA. Such changes play an important role in the transmission of genetic information and affect many biological processes. Gene mutations can occur in the following forms:
Substitution – one nucleotide is replaced by another, which may change the encoded amino acid.
Deletion – the loss of one or more nucleotides from the genetic sequence, resulting in disruption of the genetic code.
Insertion – the addition of extra nucleotides into the gene, which may disturb the coding process.
These types of mutations directly affect protein synthesis. When the structure and function of a protein change, noticeable changes occur in the organism’s phenotype. These changes may range from simple physiological differences to complex genetic diseases.
Chromosomal mutations are changes in the structure of chromosomes that affect the location and quantity of genetic material. Such mutations include:
Duplication – repetition of a chromosome segment, resulting in an increase in genetic material.
Inversion – reversal of a chromosome segment, which may affect gene expression.
Translocation – movement of genes from one chromosome to another, disrupting genetic balance.
Deletion – loss of a chromosome segment, which may result in the loss of essential genes.
Chromosomal mutations usually have greater phenotypic effects than gene mutations. They may cause developmental defects, hereditary diseases, and various syndromes.
Effects of Mutations on the Organism
Some mutations provide organisms with adaptability and improved survival. For example, in the process of natural selection, certain mutations add beneficial traits to a population, lead to the emergence of new phenotypes, and play a role in evolution.
However, mutations are not always beneficial. Based on personal observations and studies, many mutations can significantly harm an organism’s vital functions. They may lead to developmental defects, hereditary diseases, infertility, and weakened immune systems. For instance, some gene mutations cause oncological diseases by disrupting normal cell structure and function. Therefore, it is important to remember that mutations may also have negative consequences. In some cases, they may not be noticeable during an individual’s lifetime but can pose a risk to future generations when inherited.
Neutral mutations are changes in genetic material that do not cause noticeable changes in an organism’s phenotype, that is, its external appearance. In other words, such mutations do not disrupt the organism’s vital activity. Therefore, they are called neutral, as they are neither beneficial nor harmful in the short term. Nevertheless, neutral mutations are scientifically important because they increase genetic diversity during evolution and contribute to the formation of beneficial traits through natural selection in the future.
Neutral mutations increase genetic diversification in populations and create new evolutionary opportunities. For example, a neutral change in a gene may remain unnoticed in a population for a long time, but when environmental conditions change, it may become beneficial. From this perspective, neutral mutations are an important scientific tool for predicting evolution and understanding the future of populations.
At the molecular level, neutral mutations are also significant. They help maintain DNA stability and ensure the continuous transmission of genetic information from generation to generation. At the same time, they contribute to the emergence of new alleles and gene combinations, allowing populations to maintain adaptability and expand biological diversity under natural conditions. However, neutral mutations may become beneficial or harmful in the future. For instance, when environmental conditions change резко, a previously neutral allele may provide a new advantage to the population. Therefore, monitoring and studying neutral mutations is essential, as it allows a deeper understanding of evolutionary processes.
Prevention and Control of Mutations
Preventing and controlling mutations is very important from the perspective of biological safety and population health. The first measures involve controlling radiation and chemical substances, as high doses of radiation or toxic compounds can damage DNA and increase mutation risk. Therefore, safety measures in industrial, laboratory, and medical fields are crucial.
A healthy lifestyle also plays an important role in reducing mutation risk. Proper nutrition, vitamins, and antioxidants help maintain genetic material stability. Regular physical activity, stress reduction, and avoiding harmful habits strengthen genetic health and reduce the risk of hereditary diseases.
Genetic counseling is an effective tool in mutation control. By assessing the risk of hereditary diseases during family planning, the negative effects of harmful mutations in future generations can be reduced. In this way, the health of individuals and their descendants can be protected. Genetic counseling is important not only for families but also for the healthy development of society as a whole.
Modern medicine also uses DNA testing and gene therapy methods. Through molecular diagnostics, individuals can learn about their genetic risks and take necessary measures. As a result, mutations can be kept under control and their negative consequences more easily prevented.
Ultimately, by preventing and controlling mutations, we can preserve genetic resources and biological diversity, ensuring stable and effective evolutionary processes. Therefore, biologists, geneticists, and medical professionals pay special attention to studying, controlling, and preventing mutations.
The article draws on Kimura’s (1983) theory, which explains that neutral mutations may have no noticeable effect on phenotype but play an important role in population evolution. According to Kimura, many mutations do not affect the external appearance of humans or other organisms, yet they create a foundation for genetic diversification and future evolutionary processes. From this perspective, neutral mutations are scientifically valuable.
Lynch (2010) provides a detailed analysis of different types of mutations and their effects on biological systems, particularly emphasizing the role of healthy lifestyle, nutrition, and antioxidants in maintaining genetic stability. Thus, the recommendations presented in the article are scientifically grounded.
Hartl and Clark (2007) analyze the spread of mutations in populations, their role under natural selection, and mechanisms for reducing the risk of hereditary diseases. Their approach aligns with the article’s recommendations on genetic counseling and family planning. Overall, the article integrates the scientific findings of Kimura, Lynch, and Hartl & Clark to highlight the importance of neutral mutations, genetic diversification, and evolution, while also offering scientifically based strategies for preventing and controlling harmful mutations.
Conclusion
Mutations are permanent changes in an organism’s genetic material and play an important role in biological evolution, adaptation, and the formation of phenotypic traits. Mutations can have positive, negative, or neutral effects and may pose risks to human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, studying mutations and controlling their consequences occupies a central place in biology and genetics.
References
Alimov, R. (2018). Fundamentals of Genetics and Mutations. Tashkent: Fan va texnologiya Publishing House.
Karimov, S. (2020). Mutations and Human Health. Tashkent: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan Publishing House.
Jo‘rayev, D. (2017). Chromosomal Mutations and Their Effects on Phenotype. Tashkent: Higher and Secondary Specialized Education Publishing House.
Mahmudov, N. (2015). The Unity of Language and Thought. Tashkent: Fan Publishing House.
Rasulov, T. (2019). Genetic Diversification and Selection. Tashkent: Biology Publishing House.
G‘ulomov, A. (2016). Mutational Processes and Environmental Factors. Tashkent: Ilm-fan Publishing House.
To‘xtaboev, E. (2018). Neutral Mutations and Evolution. Tashkent: National University of Uzbekistan Publishing House.
Nu’monova Shohsanam Bahodirjon qizi was born on December 23, 2007, in the city of Tashkent. She graduated from Secondary General Education School No. 26 located in Uzbekistan District of Fergana Region. Currently, she is a first-year student of the Faculty of General Medicine (Department No. 2) at Tashkent State Medical University. From an early age, Shohsanam has shown a strong interest in medicine and is currently pursuing her dream with determination. Her goal is to become a highly qualified specialist in her profession and to positively impact the lives of many patients.
Nourina ⭐
By Jamal Garougar 🇲🇦
Since time immemorial,
the heart has been digging a well inside me
to listen to its own water…
No one knows
that peace begins with a single drop
negotiating with its stone
before leaping toward the light.
I walk,
and nameless birds hang from my shoulders,
gathering what falls from my thoughts
as if collecting seeds
waiting for the season of departure.
I watch the trees
hide faces in their bark—
one resembles my childhood,
another the world’s trembling fear,
and a third
I do not know,
yet it reassures me
as it watches
from the shimmer of night between the branches.
I move forward,
and the things around me shift
as if the universe
were readjusting its geometry
to the rhythm of my heart…
Stones listen,
the air takes notes,
grass spells out
my footsteps
like a child learning the alphabet
for the very first time.
I love…
not a single face,
but the space
between faces,
the luminous space
shaped by the quiet passage
of the heart.
I love how water
negotiates with the earth,
and how the earth
learns from the water’s flow
the tenderness of surrender.
I also love
that everything in the universe
is suspended by a delicate thread
held by the Creator
from an unseen place—
and yet
this thread breaks
only when we close our hearts.
I stop,
and memory escapes through a window,
from which a woman appears
whom I do not know,
yet I recognize
the way she calms the wind
as it brushes past her…
and I understand that love
is not a person,
but a ritual
that souls learn
only when they set themselves aside.
I grow silent,
and meaning flows
from unknown places,
as if language
had borrowed the voice of clouds
and left me
fallen in wonder.
And when night descends,
I feel my heart
closing its doors
and opening its single window
toward a sky
that breathes within me…
a sky
where every star
knew my name
before I was born,
and knew that I came
to plant
a small garden
where the world may rest
for just a moment.
Thus,
I become a sentence
in a book vaster than Earth,
and my life
becomes a code written
on a faint light,
read by angels
searching for a new reason
why humans
should not grow weary
of carrying this planet.
And here, within every heartbeat,
the heart continues to whisper…
Nourina is not the end of the poem—
but the beginning of everything.
