Synchronized Chaos’ Second February Issue: Sound and Fury, Signifying Everything

Old stylized drawing of a medieval man in a tunic with a sash and shield and a hat with feathers and striped shoes. Pastel yellow, blue, and white.
By M. and B. Skelt (publishers) – Folger Shakespeare Library Digital Image Collection http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/r8t2ob, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40908149
According to Shakespeare's Macbeth, 
Life "is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing."

First, some announcements: In February, on Saturday the 28th at 2pm, Synchronized Chaos Magazine partners with the Hayward Lit Hop to co-host the Hayward Coffee Hop.

Join with us to hear poems and sample the wares of four different local coffee shops in downtown Hayward, California (Zocalo’s, Snappy’s, Concha Dreams, and the Old City Roastery). Advance tickets required, reserve your spot here.

Green frog with black spots drinking from a steaming white mug of coffee.

In March we will have a presence at the Association of Writing Programs conference in Baltimore which will include a free public offsite reading at Urban Reads on Friday, March 6th at 6 pm. All are welcome to attend!

So far the lineup for our reading, the Audible Browsing Experience, includes Elwin Cotman, Katrina Byrd, Terry Tierney, Terena Bell, Shakespeare Okuni, and our editor, Cristina Deptula. If there’s time, an open mic will follow.

Front door of a bookstore with glass windows and bronze text and symbols painted on the window.
Urban Reads Bookstore

Poet Marin Angel, of Finland and Bulgaria, is forming a new, vast, international poetry society, the Poetic Political Party for Transparency, that will publish books and which seeks editors and writers.

Published poet and contributor Tao Yucheng is still hosting a poetry contest, open to all readers of Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Synchronized Chaos Poetry Contest: We seek short, powerful, imaginative, and strange poetry. While we welcome all forms of free verse and subject matter, we prefer concise work that makes an impact.

Guidelines: Submit up to five poems per person to taoyucheng921129@proton.me. Each poem should not exceed one page (ideally half a page or less). All styles and themes welcome. Deadline for submissions will be in early March.

Prizes: First Place: $50 Second Place: $10, payable via online transfer. One Honorable Mention. Selected finalists will be published in Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Brian Barbeito's poetry collection's cover. Heart carved from metal tied with a string onto what looks like a blue canvas tarp.
Screenshot

We’re also announcing the release of contributor Brian Barbeito’s new book The Book of Love and Mourning.


From Brian: These prose poems and photos are a journey that celebrate memory and colour and the near and far. Please travel along and explore both the written word and the visual narrative. The content will include but not be limited to, forest trails, meadows and skies, grasshoppers and wild clovers, electric light, and various seasons. And at times we will dream, reminisce, and wonder about the world, its form, content, and continual movement. 

The Book of Love and Mourning can be ordered here.

Now, for February’s second issue! This issue, Sound and Fury, Signifying Everything, as opposed to Macbeth’s feelings of meaninglessness, points to the importance of individual people and relationships, to ordinary settings and personal life stories.

Stylized painting of a ship with big white sails lurching in a storm. Clouds in the sky, big waves.
Image c/o Omar Sahel

Dmitriy Kogan asserts the value of ordinary words from understandable poets. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s micropoems hit on different nerves: money, guilt, tradition, speech, silence. Christopher Bernard’s first installment of Senor Despair explores the search for hope and meaning in a complex world.

Terry Trowbridge’s speakers inhabit and listen to time, rather than shouting their existences into the world. Mahbub Alam’s speaker slowly awakens from a deep sleep. On the other hand, Aurelia Preskill’s speaker desires to fully inhabit her universe and her own body. Michael Todd Steffen’s pieces concern observation: seeing our world, and the instability of what we see. Janaea Rose Lyn takes us on a poetic journey from grief to cognition to embodiment and, finally, to translucence. Taro Aizu finds gentle peace in everyday blessings and beauty. Jumanazarova Mohlaroyim Islombek qizi explicates the deep and stormy inner world behind Said Ahmad’s ironically titled novel Silence. Timothee Bordenave explores the emotional territory of pleasure, escape, rebirth, and devotion.

J.J. Campbell depicts the debris of soul damage from a long and weary life, but continues living, as he has little choice. Mahbub Alam evokes the solemn weariness of insomnia in an elegant poem. Taylor Dibbert reflects on turning points in a relationship that went south. John Edward Culp’s work quietly dares without becoming showy, as a person eases into the risk of loving and being loved. Kalipada Ghosh celebrates a gentle and inspiring love. Dr. Fernando Martinez Alderete presents the comfort and care of a steady, long-term love. Lan Xin’s love poetry carries a spiritual bent, drawing on metaphors of angels and ancient Chinese temples. Cai Zhenyuan ties love into universal compassion and making moral choices.

Alexa Grospe speaks to the visceral pain of someone struggling to be seen and loved in their ordinary humanness. Jacques Fleury advises readers to become comfortable and at home in their own identities and bodies. Eva Lianou Petropoulou reminds humans not to lose sight of our hearts and creativity in the age of artificial intelligence.

Bill Tope and Doug Hawley contribute a co-written bleak, funny, and tender short story that highlights the humanity not only of disabled people, but all those who age and change with time. Noah Berlatsky comments with humor on physical aging. Dilafro’z Sultanova aspires to health and wellness in her advertising jingle to the Central Asian health drink Beleever. Diyora Abduolimova and Jurayeva Aziza Rakhmatovna discusses the importance of and methods for inclusive education for children with disabilities.

Closeup of a tree's wooden rings.
Image c/o Petr Kratochvil

Shoshana Vegh speaks to a mythical love that endures through time. Mesfakus Salahin promises his commitment to his loved one throughout his life journey. Jamal Garougar affirms a quiet, humble love. Mandy Pistikou’s poetry outlines a romantic relationship that grows and deepens with time. Sabo Jurayeva urges people to marry for the right reasons, building strong families on love and commitment rather than infatuation.

Iroda Abdusamiyeva pays tribute to her kind, tenderhearted mother as Ibodimova Lobar Muzzafar qizi mourns the loss of her loving mother. Eshmatova Charos offers her love and respect to her mother through a prayer. Akramova Sarvinoz pays tribute to the love and strength of her parents. Dildorakhon Tursunboyeva tenderly expresses her love for her dear mother.

Jerrice J. Baptiste’s colorful artwork celebrates the joy of female friendship and sisterhood. Graciela Noemi Villaverde highlights the transformative power of both friendship and love. Sayani Mukherjee explores interpersonal love through the lenses of memory, religion, myth, and culture. Hanaan Abdelkader Ashour honors the love she shared with those who are departed and feels their continued presence.

Safarqulova Iroda and Maja Milojkovic celebrates the beauty of their heritages and mother tongues. Abdusaidova Jasmina expresses her pure joy and pride in her Uzbek homeland. Isaac Dominion Aju’s personal essay describes his journey towards accepting, creating, and claiming his identity as a Black African man. Normuminova Charos Shamshoshodovna looks deep in her heart and soul to find the meaning of “homeland.”

Halilova Rukshona Abdufattohovna honors the scientific and philosophical legacy of ancient scholar Abu Nasr al-Farabi. Sevara Jo’raqulova highlights the love for Uzbek heritage, nature, and culture in Alexander Faynberg’s poetry.

Orange Volkswagen bus with peace signs painted onto its side and lots of succulent plants in little pots next to it.
Image c/o Rheo Gauthier

Duane Vorhees also addresses nature as a theme, speaking to spring’s regrowth in a natural, unsentimental way. Aziza Xazamova shares fun and colorful winter memories. Christina Chin celebrates the clear, pure beauty of winter. Ananya S. Guha’s poetry speaks to natural cycles and resilience, places that keep a hold on people even after they leave. Yongbo Ma constructs an interior landscape built through a variety of objects, places and natural creatures: rocks, tadpoles, frogs, a person’s hometown.

Brian Michael Barbeito’s nature-based prose is quietly luminous, reflective, and tender, reminding us to see the grace in the everyday. Soumen Roy compares the ebbs and flows of relationships to waves at sea. Dr. Jernail S. Anand’s essay highlights the cosmic and natural power balances of the universe.

G’afforova Hadichaxon Abduhamid qizi also writes from a wide perspective, addressing the importance of addressing air pollution on systemic as well as individual levels. Jalolova Charos weighs various sustainable design models for our world’s growing cities. Mamatraimova Khadicha Eshali qizi discusses toponymy, the science of naming places and landforms, in a certain area of Uzbekistan. Dildora Xo’jyozova appreciates Uzbekistan’s rich and multilayered history and culture. Shahnoza Ochildiyeva celebrates the literary legacy of Uzbek writer and social theorist Chol’pon.

Egamberdiyeva Diloromxon highlights the importance of Uzbeks’ understanding their nation’s constitution. Jumayev Sanjar Ilyos ogli also explores the wisdom and importance of the Uzbek constitution in shaping the country. Bai Gengsheng’s poetry, translated by Lan Xin, highlights the enduring power of fortitude and wisdom in China’s cultural heritage. Zubayda Tursunboyeva illuminates themes in Uzbek poetess Zulfiya’s work: love, family, patriotism, and peace. Shermamatova Kamola Azizbek qizi discusses ways to incorporate epic world literature into the classroom.

Razzokova Feruza’s essay discusses how language and culture influence emotional expression. Mahmudjonova Rushonabonu outlines the global importance of the English language. Qobiljonova Hurixon compares advantages of blended and traditional education for those learning English as a second language. Sultonova Shahlo Baxtiyor qizi discusses ways to overcome cognitive and psychological barriers to language learning. Nazarova Gulbaxor Azimjon qizi discusses the impact of bilingualism on personality.

Stylized image of pink, orange, yellow, and blue people facing each other with thought bubbles over their heads.
Image c/o Nicky Pe

Sultonmurodova Aqida identifies and offers solutions to problems students face with learning foreign languages. Shodiqulova Dilorom Niymatulla qizi highlights the value of teachers’ classroom preparation and evaluation tasks in helping students learn languages and other subjects. Mahamqulova Ruhshona Rustam qizi discusses the cultural and psychological benefits of joint educational programs, where a student may receive academic credit from institutions in different countries. Mominova Nozimakhon highlights the many ways education benefits society at large.

Xolmurotova Gulzoda outlines roles of digital platforms in language learning. Jumanazarova Nafisa discusses roles for artificial intelligence in learning English. Mamatova Mahbuba Abdulboqi qizi addresses the proper pedagogical conditions for using project-based technology in teaching literature. To’g’ilova Dinora shows how mobile apps can help students learn the Korean language. Abduhamidova Nihola shares methodological foundations for multimedia tools in language lessons. Madinaxon Tu’ychiyeva explores the efficacy of digitally based learning. Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna discusses how artificial intelligence can help with language learning.

To’laganova Muxlisa G’ulomovna discusses the role of artificial intelligence in teaching critical thinking skills. Ne’matullayeva Mukhlisa Sherali kizi outlines ways college professors can encourage students to develop their critical thinking skills. Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna highlights the importance of teaching critical thinking skills in higher education.

Erkinov Dilmurod Adham o’g’li points out linguistic conventions in scientific writing. Azamova Kumushoy Akramjon qizi highlights the role of scientific research in modern society. Bafoyev Mirzabek Mirvohidovich reflects on how medical diagnostics has advanced and become more refined with time.

Saida Turdiboyeva reflects on how artificial intelligence is changing our lives. Azimov Mirsaid Salimovich highlights the growing importance of computer code in global infrastructure. Nematova Zarina Ochilboyevna points to the emerging trend of digitization in the labor market. Toshbekova Nozima offers suggestions to address youth unemployment. Abdiyeva Mahbuba Rahmiddinova advocates for increased attention to women’s entrepreneurship as a pathway to economic development and empowerment. Zarina Yorboboyeva discusses ways to improve strategic management in business enterprises in Central Asia. Shonazarov Shohjaxon outlines advantages and disadvantages of modern consumer credit.

Image of a white robot with yellow eyes holding a white card.
Image c/o Gerd Altmann

J.K. Durick’s pieces speak to automation and modern life, the slow erasure of the self. Bozorboyeva Nasiba Ergashboy qizi urges wisdom and foresight in the development and rollout of artificial intelligence technology. Mo’minova Rukhshona highlights how science should not be separated from ethics.

Gaurav Ojha encourages revolutionaries and activists to keep up their spirit and idealism. Norman J. Olson’s drawing conveys the current atmosphere of Minneapolis. Patricia Doyne highlights inconsistencies in American public policy regarding firearms and cultural violence. Kujtim Hajdari laments the destruction and sorrow war causes.

Mauro Montacchiesi highlights themes of moral and psychological choices in the here and now in Dr. Jernail Singh’s book Beyond Heaven, Beyond Hell. James Tian excoriates religion enforced through fear and moral blackmail. Mohammad Sedigh Haghighi reminds us that meaning cannot be outsourced, we are all tasked with a long and personal quest to find what matters.

Angelina Muniz Huberman reviews Beatriz Saavedra Gastelum’s new book Alfonso Reyes: Cartography of the Spirit and the Word, which dramatizes estrangement and exile. Shammah Jeddypaul’s piece evokes the dislocation of trauma through a narrator whose situation we gradually begin to grasp. David Kokoette’s raw, furious, and wounded poetry looks at systemic and personal violation and invasion.

Luis Cuauhtemoc Berriozabal’s work probes spaces where meaning becomes unreliable and sensory overload collapses into numbness. Grzegorz Wroblewski’s asemic scrawls reflect intuitive thought maps or emotional streams of consciousness. Mark Young’s pieces feel geometric, like a meditation on latency. Rus Khomutoff contributes a chant, a waking dream, a data-streamed prayer. Poet Yongbo Ma interviews writer Jeffrey Cyphers Wright about his fun, freeflowing, and experimental poetry craft.

Image of purple light and paint patterns on a black background.
Image c/o Piotr Siedlecki

Ruziyeva Nigina Sanat kizi delves into the moral and spiritual aspects of O’tkir Hoshimov’s work. Jakhongir Nomozov interviews Azerbaijani poet, translator, and journalist Aysel Khanlargizi Safarli on beauty, meaning, and spiritual understanding in her work.

Sevinch Botirjonova explicates the power of words in an increasingly connected world. Stephen Jarrell Williams speaks to memory, faith, and history. Nozima Gofurova highlights the thoughtful literary criticism of Ozod Sharafiddinov and how he examined literature as a force to mold and inspire society as well as elegant entertainment. Jumayev Sanjar Ilyos ogli celebrates the many roles of Uzbekistan’s young people in shaping the country’s future.

Dustmurodova Marjona Doniyorovna illuminates the value of lifelong learning as TΓΌrkan ErgΓΆr urges us to forget past sorrows and grudges and Opeyemi Oluwayomi asserts his steady belief in the value and beauty of tomorrow.

We hope that this issue helps you keep growing, thinking, and believing in our shared future.

Prose and visual art from Brian Michael Barbeito

The Earth and Trees There, and the Firmament Angels Also 

Closeup of red berries drying out on brown stems with a dry brown leaf above them.

The angel and the sky. Well, the angel couldn’t be seen, as it might be in poems and cinema, in ancient and even modern tales. No, but the angel they, the diviners, said was nevertheless there. Ok, I thought, and this is where faith was important. And the clouds remained and some souls out there went past in the distance. You might run into a kind one for there were many good-natured persons, some others a bit grey and a few were very questionable to say the least. But let’s get back to the angel. Angel had become a commonplace and taken for granted word, like Aldous Huxley had said of the word β€˜love,’ but that’s okay. I made up a poem in my mind…

Angel angel, 

guiding and wise,

inform and protect the journey,

and guard me from lies

Angel angel,

It’s better above,

Much must be purer there,

Especially love

A wind suddenly sweeps the snow off hills and creates a ghost like air. Power. Prowess. Plenitude. I watch it. What’s more, it sounds alarming but amazing. I feel joyful. Unexpectedly joyful at that. Hopefully, it’s a sign of maturity or good perspective to be impressed by such a seemingly small phenomenon like the wind or snowflakes, barren branches cold and lonesome, or an old acorn or wandering leaf. These are the poet’s and nature photographer’s friends, plus signs for a mystic to read. For the larger world would surely find it all unremarkable. But to condemn the prosaic is to miss the sacred. To dismiss the everyday is to miss the eternal. 

I paused by the invisible angels of evergreens and thought of Rainer Maria Rilke. He had said an angel to a modern would appear terrifying. Maybe that’s why they couldn’t be seen. Breathe. Yes, take a break and even a photograph of the red berries down the way that remained on a tree even in the cold and strange, the overcast and challenging, winter months. 

Middle aged white man with reading glasses, a bit of hair and a trimmed beard, in a tee shirt and backpack on a hike out by trees and a trail on a sunny day.

Brian Michael Barbeito is a Canadian poet, writer, and photographer. His most recent work, a third compilation of prose poems and landscapes photographs, is titled The Book of Love and Mourning. 

Essay from Zarina Yorboboyeva

Young Central Asian woman with long dark curly hair, brown eyes, a white coat and black top, posing near a water glass.

Zarina Yorboboyeva
Talented Student | English Language Learner |
International Certificate Holder
Date birth: December 5
Place of birth: Uzbekistan
Education: Student at Karshi State Technical University
Fields of activity: Advanced English learning, academic development, international projects, personal growth


Early Achievements and Educational Path
Zarina Yorboboyeva is a talented student who has achieved significant academic success at a young age. She has successfully obtained a B2 level in English and holds several international certificates.


Zarina graduated from secondary school with excellent grades (only A’s) and was awarded a medal by the regional governor in recognition of her outstanding academic performance.
Currently, Zarina continues to work consistently on self-development, improves her English communication skills, and aims to build a future career on an international level.


WAYS TO IMPROVE THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ENTERPRISES


Student of Technical University


Yorboboyeva Zarina
Abstract.


This article analyzes the essence of the strategic management system in enterprises, its role and importance in modern economic conditions. It also highlights the main directions for improving strategic management systems, including innovative approaches, digital technologies, human resource development, and increasing the effectiveness of strategic planning. The research results substantiate the importance of strategic management in ensuring
sustainable development of enterprises.


Keywords: strategic management, strategic planning, competitiveness, innovation, management system, enterprise efficiency.


Introduction
In market economy conditions, enterprise activities are becoming increasingly complex, and the competitive environment is intensifying. Under such circumstances, achieving long-term success, sustainable development, and competitiveness directly depends on the effective organization of the strategic management system. Strategic management serves to determine the future
development directions of an enterprise, analyze the external and internal environment, and ensure the rational use of resources.


Today, globalization, digitalization, and the acceleration of innovation processes require enterprises to continuously improve their management systems. Therefore, developing strategic management systems in accordance with modern requirements is considered one of the most pressing issues.

The Essence and Importance of the Strategic Management System

Strategic management is the process of defining an enterprise’s long-term goals, developing strategies to achieve them and implementing these strategies. It includes not only planning but also adapting to changes in the external environment, creating competitive advantages, and efficiently managing resources.
The main elements of the strategic management system include:
defining the enterprise mission and objectives; analysis of the external and internal environment (SWOT and PEST analyses);
strategy development; strategy implementation; monitoring and evaluation.


Proper implementation of this system ensures stability in enterprise activities and enables the achievement of high economic results in the long term.

Existing Problems in Strategic Management Systems in Enterprises
Practice shows that in many enterprises, strategic management systems do not function effectively enough. This may be caused by the following factors:
strategic planning becoming formal in nature;
insufficiently deep analysis of the external environment;
gaps between strategy and operational activities;
lack of strategic thinking skills among managers and employees;
slow implementation of innovations.


These problems reduce enterprise competitiveness and limit adaptability to market conditions.
Improving the Strategic Management System


One of the most important ways to develop the strategic management system is to
improve the strategic planning process. This includes:

  • ensuring alignment between long-term and short-term goals;
  • conducting analyses based on real market data;
  • developing alternative strategies.
    In addition, involving all departments in the strategic planning process is advisable
    in order to form a collective approach.
    3.2. Implementation of Innovation and Digital Technologies
    In modern conditions, digital technologies are becoming an integral part of the strategic management system. The use of information technologies:
  • accelerates the decision-making process;
  • increases the accuracy and transparency of data;
  • expands strategic forecasting capabilities.
    For example, business analytics systems, artificial intelligence, and big data play an important role in substantiating strategic decisions.

  • 3.3. Strategic Management of Human Resources
    The effectiveness of the strategic management system largely depends on human resources. Developing employees’ qualifications, motivation, and strategic thinking
    skills is achieved through the following measures:
  • continuous professional development and training;
  • implementing incentive systems based on strategic goals;
  • developing leadership skills.
    Investments aimed at human capital contribute to the long-term development of the enterprise.

  • 3.4. Strengthening the Strategic Control and Evaluation System
    It is important not only to develop a strategy but also to continuously monitor its implementation. This includes:
  • introducing a system of key performance indicators (KPIs);
  • regular analysis of results;
  • making changes to the strategy when necessary.

  • A flexible strategic control system enables enterprises to respond quickly to changes in market conditions.

The Role of Strategic Management in Increasing Competitiveness
Through the strategic management system, enterprises:

  • form competitive advantages;
  • correctly select market segments;
  • gain a deeper understanding of customer needs.
    As a result, enterprises achieve a strong position in the market through the quality of their products and services, innovation, and pricing policy.

  • Conclusion
    In conclusion, improving the strategic management system in enterprises is of great importance in a market economy. By deepening strategic planning, implementing digital technologies, developing human resources, and strengthening the strategic control system, enterprises can increase the efficiency of their operations. This, in turn, contributes to long-term sustainable development and competitiveness.

  • References
  1. Ansoff I. Strategic Management. β€” New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.
  2. Porter M. Competitive Strategy. β€” Free Press, 2008.
  3. Thompson A., Strickland A. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. β€”McGraw-Hill, 2015.
  4. Kotler P. Marketing Management. β€” Pearson Education, 2019.
  5. Materials of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Essay from Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna

Young Central Asian woman with long straight dark hair in ponytail, a white collared shirt and wristwatch and black skirt, holding a certificate.

DIGITAL STUDY COMPANION IN MASTERING ACADEMIC TASKS WITH TECHNOLOGY

Uzbekistan World Languages University 

English philology faculty, 2st year student 

Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna

malimovva1@gmail.com

Abstract: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational systems has reshaped language learning practices in higher education. This article explores the role of AI-based tools in improving language acquisition, learner autonomy, and academic performance among university students. Drawing on theories from applied linguistics, cognitive psychology, and educational technology, the study examines the functions, benefits, and challenges of AI-supported language learning environments. Particular attention is given to personalized learning, adaptive feedback, pronunciation training, and assessment automation. The findings suggest that artificial intelligence significantly enhances learning efficiency, motivation, and self-regulated learning. Despite concerns related to overreliance on technology, data privacy, and ethical issues, AI-driven language learning tools are shown to play a vital role in modern, technology-enhanced higher education.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; language learning; educational technology; learner autonomy; higher education; adaptive learning

Аннотация: Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ интСграция искусствСнного ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° (ИИ) Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ систСмы ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ изучСния языков Π² Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ инструмСнтов Π½Π° основС ИИ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ эффСктивности овладСния языком, автономности ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΈ акадСмичСской успСваСмости студСнтов унивСрситСтов. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ лингвистики, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ психологии ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, исслСдованиС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, прСимущСства ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ срСд обучСния иностранным языкам с ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ ИИ. ОсобоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ удСляСтся пСрсонализированному ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ, Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ связи, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ оцСнивания. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ искусствСнный ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ обучСния, ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ саморСгулируСмого обучСния. НСсмотря Π½Π° опасСния, связанныС с Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ этичСскими вопросами, инструмСнты обучСния языкам Π½Π° основС ИИ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² соврСмСнном тСхнологичСски ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.

ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: искусствСнный ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚; ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ языков; ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ; автономия ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ; Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅; Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.

The development of artificial intelligence has profoundly influenced various aspects of modern society, including education. In higher education, traditional language learning approaches are increasingly complemented by intelligent digital tools that support personalized and flexible learning experiences. Language learners today are required not only to master linguistic competence but also to develop communication skills, cultural awareness, and autonomous learning strategies. In response to these demands, artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful resource for enhancing language education.

The growing use of AI in language learning reflects a broader shift toward learner-centered and technology-enhanced pedagogies. Universities worldwide are adopting AI-powered platforms to support students in vocabulary acquisition, grammar practice, pronunciation improvement, and writing development. As a result, artificial intelligence has become an integral component of contemporary language education. 

Theoretical Foundations of AI-Based Language Learning

The application of artificial intelligence in language education is grounded in several theoretical perspectives. Constructivist learning theory emphasizes that learners actively construct knowledge through interaction and experience. AI-based tools provide interactive environments where students can engage with authentic language input, receive immediate feedback, and refine their understanding through practice.

Self-regulated learning theory also plays a significant role in AI-enhanced language learning. According to this theory, effective learners are capable of planning, monitoring, and evaluating their own learning processes. AI-powered systems support self-regulation by offering personalized learning paths, progress tracking, and adaptive feedback. These features encourage learners to take responsibility for their language development.

From a cognitive psychology perspective, AI tools are designed to reduce cognitive load and enhance memory retention. Spaced repetition, adaptive testing, and error-based feedback are widely used in AI-driven language applications, enabling learners to acquire and retain linguistic knowledge more effectively.

Key Components of AI-Based Language Learning Tools

A successful AI-supported language learning environment consists of several essential components. One of the most important elements is adaptive learning technology.

AI systems analyze learner performance and adjust content difficulty, learning pace, and task types accordingly. This personalization ensures that learners receive instruction tailored to their individual needs.

Another crucial component is automated feedback and assessment. AI tools can evaluate grammar, vocabulary usage, pronunciation, and writing structure with high accuracy. Immediate feedback allows learners to identify errors and improve their language skills without delay. This continuous assessment process enhances learning efficiency and confidence.

Speech recognition and pronunciation training are also significant features of AI-based language learning tools. By analyzing learners’ speech patterns, AI systems provide targeted feedback on pronunciation, intonation, and fluency. These tools are especially valuable in foreign language contexts where exposure to native speakers may be limited.

AI-assisted writing tools support learners in developing academic and professional writing skills. By offering suggestions for vocabulary, grammar, coherence, and style, these tools help students produce higher-quality written texts while promoting language awareness and self-editing skills.

Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning

The integration of artificial intelligence into language education offers numerous benefits. One of the most significant advantages is improved learning efficiency. Personalized instruction and adaptive feedback enable learners to focus on their weaknesses and progress at an optimal pace.

AI-based tools also increase learner motivation and engagement. Interactive activities, gamified elements, and visible progress indicators make language learning more enjoyable and rewarding. When students experience measurable improvement, they are more likely to remain motivated and committed to their studies.

Another important benefit is the development of learner autonomy. AI-supported platforms encourage independent practice, self-assessment, and reflective learning. These skills are essential for lifelong learning and professional success in a globalized world.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

Despite their advantages, AI-based language learning tools present several challenges. One major concern is the risk of overreliance on technology. Excessive dependence on AI may limit opportunities for authentic human interaction, which is crucial for developing communicative competence.

Data privacy and ethical issues also require careful attention. AI systems collect large amounts of learner data, raising concerns about data security and responsible use. Educational institutions and developers must ensure transparency, ethical standards, and strong data protection policies.

Additionally, unequal access to advanced technologies may widen educational disparities. Not all students have access to high-quality devices or reliable internet connections, which can limit the effectiveness of AI-based learning tools.

Future Perspectives

The future of artificial intelligence in language learning appears promising. Advances in natural language processing, learning analytics, and virtual reality are expected to further enhance personalized and immersive learning experiences. As higher education increasingly adopts blended and online learning models, AI will continue to play a central role in language education.

In conclusion, artificial intelligence represents a transformative force in higher education language learning. By supporting personalization, feedback, pronunciation training, and learner autonomy, AI-based tools significantly enhance language acquisition and academic performance. Although challenges related to ethics, accessibility, and human interaction remain, thoughtful implementation and responsible use can maximize the benefits of artificial intelligence. Ultimately, AI empowers language learners to become confident, independent, and effective communicators in the modern world.

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References

  1. Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Belknap Press.
  2. Dede, C. (2014). The role of digital technologies in deeper learning. Harvard Graduate School of Education.
  3. Dunlosky, J., et al. (2013). Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(1), 4–58.
  4. Ellis, R. (2015). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press.
  5. Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 64–70.

Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna was born on 9th September 2006 in Bukhara. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No.34. She achieved first place twice at the city level of the Mother Tongue and Literature Olympiad and secured second place once at the regional level.

  Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna is a second-year student of the English Philology Faculty at Uzbekistan World Languages University. She is actively engaged in the study of linguistics, foreign language teaching methodology, and modern educational technologies. Her academic interests include digital learning environments, learner autonomy, and the application of technology in language education.

Throughout her studies, she has participated in academic writing and research activities, focusing on contemporary approaches to education and language learning. She demonstrates a strong interest in developing professional skills necessary for teaching and academic research. Olimova Marjona aims to continue her academic and professional development in the field of English language education and educational innovation.

Essay from Mo’minova Rukhshona

Science and Ethics in the Modern World

Science is one of the greatest achievements of humans. It helps us understand the world, solve problems, and improve our life. But with every scientific discovery comes a responsibility to use it wisely. Ethics guides us to make sure science is used for the benefit of all, not for harm.

Modern society depends on science and technology. Innovations like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and communication tools change the way we work, learn, and interact. However, science without ethics can be dangerous. For example, new technologies can give great advantages, but they may also create unfairness, privacy issues, or environmental problems. Ethics teaches us to ask not only what we can do, but what we should do.

Studying science and ethics together helps us make better choices. The decisions we make today in using technology will affect our habits, our society, and the future. Awareness, responsibility, and careful thinking are the key to using science and technology in a positive and fair way.

In conclusion, science is powerful, but ethics gives it meaning and direction. Every decision, invention, or action matters. By combining knowledge and morality, we can create a world that is not only advanced but also fair, safe, and sustainable.

Essay from Ne’matullayeva Mukhlisa Sherali kizi

Young Central Asian woman with long curly dark hair and a white collared shirt.

Developing critical thinking in higher education

Uzbekistan World Languages University
English philology faculty, 2nd year student
Ne’matullayeva Mukhlisa Sherali kizi
nematullayevam8@gmail.com

Abstract: In the context of modern higher education, the development of critical thinking skills has become a central objective of academic instruction. As universities prepare students for complex professional and social environments, the ability to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make reasoned decisions is increasingly essential. This article explores the concept of critical thinking and its significance in higher education. It examines key components of critical thinking, including analysis, evaluation, reflection, and problem-solving. Drawing on educational and cognitive research, the study discusses common barriers to the development of critical thinking, such as passive learning methods, overreliance on memorization, and limited student engagement. The article also highlights effective pedagogical strategies for fostering critical thinking, including active learning, discussion-based instruction, problem-based learning, and reflective practices. Overall, the article provides a structured framework for integrating critical thinking development into higher education and enhancing students’ academic and intellectual independence.

Keywords: Critical thinking, higher education, analytical skills, problem-solving, active learning, student engagement, reflective thinking, academic independence.

Аннотация: Π’ условиях соврСмСнного Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ² критичСского ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ становится ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ акадСмичСского обучСния. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ унивСрситСты готовят студСнтов ΠΊ слоТной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π°Ρ€Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ обоснованныС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡŽ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся понятиС критичСского ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² систСмС Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основныС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ критичСского ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ, Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. На основС пСдагогичСских ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ распространСнныС прСпятствия Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ критичСского ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ пассивныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ обучСния, чрСзмСрная ориСнтация Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ограничСнная Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ студСнтов. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ эффСктивныС пСдагогичСскиС стратСгии формирования критичСского ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, дискуссионныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ рСфлСксивныС ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π’ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ систСмный ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ развития критичСского ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ акадСмичСской ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ студСнтов.

ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: критичСскоС ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅; Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅; аналитичСскиС Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ; Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ; Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅; Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ студСнтов; рСфлСксивноС ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅; акадСмичСская ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ.

   The mission of higher education in the twenty-first century extends far beyond the transmission of disciplinary knowledge. Universities are increasingly expected to develop graduates who can think independently, evaluate information critically, and respond thoughtfully to complex global challenges. In this context, critical thinking has emerged as a cornerstone of academic excellence and lifelong learning. The rapid expansion of digital information has transformed the learning environment, making students more vulnerable to superficial understanding and passive consumption of content. Without well-developed critical thinking skills, learners may struggle to distinguish reliable information from misinformation, synthesize diverse perspectives, or construct coherent arguments. Therefore, fostering critical thinking is not only an academic necessity but also a societal imperative. This article seeks to examine the nature of critical thinking in higher education and explore systematic strategies for its effective development.

Theoretical foundations of critical thinking

   Critical thinking is commonly conceptualized as a form of higher-order thinking involving analysis, evaluation, inference, and self-regulation. According to Facione, critical thinking consists of both cognitive skills and dispositional elements, such as intellectual humility, open-mindedness, and persistence. These dimensions interact to enable individuals to engage in purposeful and reflective judgment. From a constructivist perspective, critical thinking develops through active engagement with knowledge rather than passive reception. Learners construct meaning by questioning assumptions, testing hypotheses, and reflecting on outcomes. In higher education, this process is supported through academic discourse, research-based learning, and exposure to multiple viewpoints. As a result, critical thinking becomes a dynamic intellectual practice rather than a fixed skill.

Cognitive and metacognitive components

   Critical thinking involves a range of cognitive processes, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and synthesis. However, these processes alone are insufficient without metacognitive awareness. Metacognition allows students to monitor their own thinking, recognize cognitive biases, and adjust strategies accordingly.

University students who develop metacognitive skills demonstrate greater academic independence and deeper engagement with learning materials. They are more capable of identifying gaps in understanding, evaluating the strength of arguments, and revising their perspectives. Consequently, metacognition serves as a bridge between knowledge acquisition and critical application.

Methodological approach

   This article adopts a qualitative analytical approach grounded in a review of interdisciplinary educational literature. Key theoretical frameworks and empirical studies on critical thinking development were examined to identify recurring patterns, challenges, and effective instructional practices. Sources were selected based on relevance, academic credibility, and applicability to higher education contexts. The analysis focuses on synthesizing existing research rather than conducting experimental investigation. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of critical thinking as a multidimensional construct influenced by pedagogical, institutional, and learner-related factors.

Barriers to critical thinking development

   Despite its recognized importance, critical thinking remains insufficiently developed in many higher education systems. One significant barrier is the dominance of teacher-centered instruction, which positions students as passive recipients of information. Such environments limit opportunities for questioning, discussion, and intellectual risk-taking. Assessment practices also play a critical role. When examinations prioritize factual recall over analytical reasoning, students are discouraged from engaging in deeper learning. Psychological factors, including fear of failure, low self-confidence, and limited academic autonomy, further constrain critical engagement. These barriers highlight the need for structural and pedagogical reform.

Instructional strategies for enhancing critical thinking

   Effective development of critical thinking requires intentional instructional design. Active learning strategies, such as debates, case studies, and collaborative problem-solving, promote analytical reasoning and perspective-taking. These methods encourage students to articulate arguments, challenge assumptions, and evaluate evidence. Problem-based learning (PBL) is particularly effective in higher education, as it situates learning within authentic, complex problems. Through inquiry-based tasks, students develop reasoning skills and connect theoretical knowledge to real-world contexts. Reflective practices, including journals and self-assessment, further strengthen metacognitive awareness and intellectual responsibility.

Curriculum integration and institutional responsibility

   For critical thinking development to be sustainable, it must be embedded within curriculum structures rather than treated as an isolated objective. Learning outcomes should explicitly emphasize analytical and evaluative competencies, while assessment criteria must reward depth of reasoning and originality. Faculty development is equally essential. Educators require training in designing tasks that promote higher-order thinking and facilitating meaningful academic dialogue. Interdisciplinary learning environments also enhance critical thinking by exposing students to diverse epistemological perspectives.

   The findings of this analysis suggest that critical thinking development is a complex, multi-layered process influenced by instructional practices, institutional culture, and learner motivation. While individual teaching strategies are effective, their impact remains limited without systemic support. A holistic approach that aligns pedagogy, assessment, and curriculum design is therefore essential. Developing critical thinking skills in higher education is a strategic priority for preparing students to meet academic, professional, and societal challenges. This article has demonstrated that critical thinking underpins intellectual autonomy, academic success, and lifelong learning. However, its development requires deliberate pedagogical planning and institutional commitment. By adopting learner-centered approaches, reforming assessment practices, and integrating critical thinking across curricula, higher education institutions can cultivate reflective, adaptable, and responsible graduates capable of navigating an increasingly complex world.

References:

  1. Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight Assessment.
  2. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life. Pearson.
  3. Brookfield, S. D. (2012). Teaching for Critical Thinking. Jossey-Bass.
  4. Halpern, D. F. (2014). Thought and Knowledge. Psychology Press.
  5. Kuhn, D. (1999). Educational Researcher, 28(2), 16–25.
  6. Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for Quality Learning at University.
  7. OECD. (2019). Future of Education and Skills 2030.

Muxlisa Ne’matullayeva was born on November 4, 2006. She is a second-year student at the Faculty of World Languages, where she is developing strong skills in foreign languages and intercultural communication. Muxlisa is known for her dedication to learning and her interest in global cultures. She strives to broaden her knowledge and build a successful future through education and continuous self-improvement.

Poetry from Shoshana Vegh

Cinderella

When I remove my royal robes,  

pluck the pearl buttons,  

and slip into everyday clothes β€”  

I am still Cinderella.  

The glass slipper  

waits for me always  

on the staircase.

Even the midnight chime  

cannot divide me from my dreams.  

You are my prince,  

and a thousand clichΓ©s  

float between us yet never wash away  

my longing  

for the silver lake  

where I drift toward you.

My ship of pleasures  

is moored to the pier of land β€”  

and though I conquer desire  

again and again,  

within me lives  

the pull of the full moon  

shining through us both.

This fire  

has no wish to hide.  

Only my betraying body  

distorts my voice,  

wrinkles, rusts β€”  

and from me you can draw  

only secret tones,  

the silences  

of a distant woman