Synchronized Chaos’ Second March Issue: Polyphonic Archive of Humanity

Image c/o Jacques Fleury

Duane Vorhees announces his new book Fastival, available from Hog Press.

Fastival, the latest book of poems from Duane Vorhees, reads as anything but the poet’s final word and contains multitudes of playful exploration for the restless mind.


Covering a dizzying array of themes, this substantial tome delivers an intellectual and spiritual feast. He explores dichotomies — such as sex/love, profane/holy, and life/death — that are suitable for meditation by sinner and saint, as well as by day laborer and tenured professor alike.

Vorhees, in his poem “The Importance of Word Association,” proclaims anyone can write poetry but notes, “But only a true poem can feel the sun on your face as the snow commandos parachute in behind enemy lines. A real poem contains stone syllables standing against a rain-striped horizon.” — John Stephen Howard

Yucheng Tao thanks everyone who entered his poetry contest and announces that the prizes will be paid out in April.

Christopher Bernard announces his new book The Beauty of Matter (out from Bowker Press) and invites people to read and review it. Please email us at synchchaos@gmail.com if you’re interested.

A lyrical journey into nature, spirit, and the quiet mysteries of being aliveIn this contemporary poetry collection, Christopher Bernard invites readers into a world where ordinary moments reveal extraordinary depth. With the grace of lyrical verse and the clarity of philosophical insight, these poems move through landscapes of memory, nature, beauty, and our shared human search for meaning.This is poetry for readers who crave emotional richness, mindful presence, and poetic meditations that illuminate both the fragile and the eternal. Through imagery rooted in wild earth, myth, and the intimate spaces of everyday life, the poems contemplate existence, loss, renewal, and the astonishing beauty hidden within matter itself.

A Celebration of Life in Every Grain of Being

Here are poems where the natural world speaks, where silence becomes revelation, and where spirit and earth touch.

Bernard explores mortality not with despair, but with wonder, reminding us that every breath, every shadow, every passing moment is charged with significance. Readers will find nature inspired writing that moves between tenderness and awe, between solitude and belonging, revealing how deeply our lives are shaped by the world around us and the world within us.

For Lovers of Reflective and Soulful Poetry

Perfect for readers of lyrical verse collection and philosophical poetry, this book speaks to those who seek: poems about nature and life, existential poems, meditations on life, spiritual poetic reflections, poetry about mortality and rebirth, poems about memory and meaning.

If you believe poetry can open the heart and sharpen the senses, if you are drawn to poetic meditations that deepen presence and expand awareness, this collection belongs in your hands.

Discover a voice that honors the beauty of existence and the mystery of being human.

Now, for March’s second issue, which forms a polyphonic archive of the contemporary human condition, fragmented, globalized, anxious, but full of people searching for meaning, beauty, and connection. A chorus of voices from different countries, cultures, ages, and backgrounds, all speaking to how we can remain human in a complicated age.

First, we address war, violence, and illegitimate political power. These pieces do not merely document suffering; they interrogate the structures that produce it. They ask what it means to live under systems that distort truth, normalize destruction, and erode empathy. Yet even here, amid devastation, there is an undercurrent of resistance—a refusal to accept violence and injustice as inevitable.

Image c/o Kai Stachowiak

Patricia Doyne lambasts the United States’ blowing up a girls’ school during the war in Iran. Stephen Jarrell Williams laments the coldness and human tragedy that leads to war. Ibrahim Honjo calls for peace by cursing those who wish for war. Bhagirath Choudhary’s poem, translated to French by Samar Al-Deek, also critiques war through the dramatization of violence against women and children. Poet Billy Bin celebrates women and laments war and human rights violations. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s work comments on human fragility and the internal and external destruction caused by vaulting ambition and greed for power. Farzaneh Dorri laments the war and the current government of Iran while recollecting the nation’s vast cultural heritage. Molly Joseph’s piece presents the tragedy of war through a clever piece that hides its profundity in a childlike style. Ri Hossain critiques war by showing the absurdity of having to kill strangers. Bill Tope’s short story presents a tragicomic farce that reveals itself as a lament for those lost to the recent Iranian war. Dessy Tsvetkova joins the chorus of those who call for peace as Hadaa Sendoo presents a child’s song for peace with nature and with themselves as well as in the world. Gulhayo Egamberganova creates a tale of a wise king with the welfare of his people in mind. Dianne Reeves Angel’s political poem describes how callous leadership can lead to internal, structural damage to our shared “house,” even when we don’t see outright collapse. Yuray Tolentino Hevia asserts his freedom of thought and personal dignity even in a wounded homeland. Imma Schiema presents the flag of peace as strong, but stiff, unnatural, and difficult to maintain. Peace takes maintenance and care.

Some contributors explore how systems of power, or our cultural vantage points and perceptions, shape how we think and view the world. Rich Murphy’s work explores how power and hierarchy can distort reality and get in the way of critical thinking. Dr. Jernail Singh Anand lampoons the hypocrisy of those who seek to bury their own misdeeds among those of celebrities. Stephen Schwei’s clever work meditates on how we assign meanings to things and aspects of the universe. Wan Yilong dramatizes the absurdity of a world full of technology but with no soul. Mark Young’s speaker assembles meaning from fractured cultural debris, his mind moving through fragments. Ag Davis’ poetry blurs the guidelines of semantics to generate meaning through pattern recognition rather than text. S.C. Flynn explores different ways we disconnect from the fully intense human experience to make it more manageable, whether through pills or screens.

Türkan Ergör’s piece breaks apart language and puts it back together, questioning whether reason can adequately explain human experience. Maja Milojkovic explores the tension between imagination and reality in her reflective poem on making a wish. Mark DuCharme’s poem explores thirst and desire that twists and morphs but is never quite satiated. J.J. Campbell’s poems read like cigarette smoke in a dim room, unfiltered, bitter, and honest. Patrick Sweeney’s work explores memory, shame, art, invention, nature, and tenderness as the Chinese elementary school students’ works, compiled by Su Yun, show a developing poetic consciousness as they address nature and dreams.

Image c/o Petr Kratochvil

Dr. Jernail S. Anand considers how much we as humans project our own failings onto other creatures through our concept of natural law. Sevinch Rustamova explores human projection, lamenting the loss of a no longer idealized unfaithful love. James Tian reflects on how we choose to speak of our dead can say as much about us as the living as it does about the deceased. Nirasha D’Almeida speaks to memory, reflection, power, and class and ethnic tensions. In Emeniano Acain Somoza Jr.’s elegiac poem, time continues to move, even as the speaker remains within memory. Sheryl Bize-Boutte’s poem and short story excerpt highlight how connection can persist even when we reject it. Qo’narova Yulduz mourns and regrets the loss of her loved one and of her life to grief.

Some writers highlight resilience and personal growth, the journey to become who we are, all that we could become. Nazokat Jumaniyozova traces a character’s personal growth and development. Danijela Ćuk encourages people to believe in themselves and persevere through hard times. Zilola Qutlimurotva calls out the role of challenges in building strong character. Priyanka Neogi urges people who seek to achieve something in life to keep their priorities straight. Ruxshona Shahobiddinova shares how she learned to achieve for her own sake and not compare herself to others. Rashidova Shakhrizoda’s short story celebrates a brave kitten who becomes a hero of the forest. Muslimbek Abdurakhimov reminds us that anyone can act with integrity, regardless of nationality. Zilola Qutlimurotva points out reactions one may receive to developing self-respect. Juraeva Aziza Rakhmatovna urges people to persevere towards their goals even through obstacles. Gabriel T. Saah encourages us to stay humble, stay kind and make the most of our lives.

Others discuss education, youth, and the future. Rakhmonova Gulzoda Sodiq qizi discusses how to help depressed young students. Daminova Sevinch highlights the importance of childhood to personal development. Choriyeva Oynur discusses the importance of sleep in personal health and academic performance. Dildora Xo’jyozova remembers earning recognition and a laptop in an Uzbek academic competition and reflects on the importance of encouraging the world’s youth. Ibragimova Orzigul Sharobiddinova’s poem celebrates her university and its educational opportunities. Alimqulova Munisa Abdurayimovna discusses how students can best prepare themselves for international scholarship competition. Bekturdiyeva Nargizabonu and Xayitova Mehribon discuss positive and negative impacts of social media in young people’s lives.

Image c/o Andrea Stockel

Several contributors apply their intellects to the real world, science, mathematics, economics, and medicine. Oroqova Nargiza outlines roles for artificial intelligence in health care. Tadjiboyeva Marxaboxon Sherzodbek qizi discusses diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure. Inomova Kamola discusses diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Durdona Shafqatullayeva Olimqizi outlines the structure and function of the human skeleton. Dr. Jitender Singh dispels embarrassment and shame surrounding menstruation and promotes hygiene. Sardorjon Ahmadjon o’g’li Ergashev discusses various ways of analyzing and interpreting statistics. Mamatkulova Muklisa outlines opportunities and risks within the maturing microcredit industry. Tuychiyeva Odinaxon Ahmadjon qizi outlines ways to standardize the preparation of graphical documents in school drafting classes.

Who we are, in large part, comes from our family and cultural heritage. Yulduz Niyazova highlights the history and meaning of Uzbekistan’s Nawruz spring celebration. Jacques Fleury’s photographs capture the spirit and energy of Boston’s St. Patrick’s Day celebration. Sardorjon Nabiyev remembers a tale of singing for neighbors at Ramadan that ended with his father’s tender love. Begijonova Marjonabonu shares a tender thought for her mother. Eshmatova Charos speaks of her gratitude to her caring mother and father. Turg’unov Alisher Yordamali o’g’li expresses his respect for his hardworking mother. Ahmadov Bekzodjon Obidjon ogli highlights the literary and cultural importance of Uzbek writer and philosopher Chol’pon. Damilova Sevinch Tuychi qizi highlights the cultural and dramatic contributions of historical Uzbek writer Abdulla Avloni. Halilova Ruxshona Abdufattohovna provides an overview of the scientific work of Abu Nasr al-Farabi, an Uzbek thinker who espoused rational inquiry and built upon Greek thought. Sottiyeva Gulshan celebrates the Uzbek constitution’s protections of liberty. Marvaridabonu Abdumalikov discusses Uzbekistan’s current environmental initiatives, including a vast program to plant tree seedlings and civic waste sorting and recycling efforts. Otamurodova Asal highlights the role of strong families in building a strong culture in Uzbekistan. Kholbekov Ozodbek Makhammatovich’s poem celebrates the sacred and worthy heritage of Uzbekistan’s national heroes and scholars.

Sitora Siroj qizi Usmonova looks at the use of emojis in text messages and social media as a case study of Uzbek linguistic evolution in real time. Jerome Berglund’s stream of consciousness poems illuminate how things hidden – people, truth, meaning – don’t disappear, but wait to be seen. Joey Whitton’s poems move across very different terrains, such as mysticism, memory, existential philosophy, and political satire, but they’re unified by a restless, searching voice. Alan Catlin builds a poetic cathedral of collapse, a symphonic logic of accumulation. Duane Vorhees contributes a symphony of voices that find a way to hang together.

Image c/o George Hodan

Art, literature, and culture are integral parts of our heritage, and many people look into how we understand stories and art. Christopher Bernard discusses poignant themes of masculinity, love, aggression, and redemption in Beauty and the Beast and the somewhat awkward presentation in Opera Parallele’s live stage remix of the Jean Cocteau film. Maxmasharifova Shodiyabegim looks at the theme of fear in Abdulla Qahhor’s short story Dakshat as a way of critiquing governmental and social oppression. Abdugʻaniyeva Muhlisa Abdunabi qizi analyzes Jack London’s winter wilderness survival tale Love of Life in terms of literary motifs and themes of free will and individual struggle in harsh conditions. J.T. Whitehead reviews Margaret Randall’s Letters That Breathe Fire, an anthology of literary correspondence among the editors who submitted to the journal El Corno Emplumado (The Plumed Horn) in the 1960s. He views the work as a crucial cultural artifact documenting poetry’s becoming more democratic and international. Alexander Klujev outlines various ways to understand music: as a venue for spiritual contemplation, as an abstract study in sound, or as direct participation in the sounds and rhythms of nature. Dennis Vannatta reflects on a life shaped and punctuated by music. Virginia Aronson celebrates the complex work and life of Japanese visual artist Yayoi Kusama.

Art and culture can lead us to a lyrical, restorative place, where we consider love, nature, and the human spirit. Eva Lianou Petropoulou affirms the largeness and vastness of the human spirit, much larger than any attempt by society to contain it. JoyAnne O’Donnell takes joy in poetry on World Poetry Day. Eva also urges humans not to abandon empathy for and relationships with each other. Slava Božičevic celebrates poetry and encourages poets to write to bring love into the world. Prasanna Kumar’s poetry reflects how he needs love to make sense of existence. Abigail George’s work shows characters choosing love, kindness, and forgiveness, even when they are not strong enough to stop trauma and violence. Mahbub Alam contributes a piece on waiting, restraint, and the persistence of the inner light of love as Su Yun encourages a young child to grow and develop courage and embrace a world of love.

Genevieve Guevara presents a poetic manifesto about ending violence against women. Sherdonayeva Ozoda Mahmarajab qizi’s short story highlights the obstacles facing women leaving abusive relationships. Lan Xin also honors International Women’s Day, softly and gently urging women to value and take care of themselves. Mahmoud Said Kawash outlines the political and cultural history of International Women’s Day. Dr. Jitender Singh celebrates the virtues of many women he admires. Dr. Ahmed Al-Qaisi evokes the poetic beauty of a woman’s tender love. Tasneem Hossain discusses the historical and cultural meanings of flowers as gifts and urges people to consider flowers as an International Women’s Day gift for women.

Image c/o Brian Barbeito

Brian Barbeito revels in the mystical and thoughtful connection he has built with the land he regularly visits, how time alone in nature invites contemplation. Adham Boghdady celebrates the beauty of a forest lake through his contemplative persona poem. Soumen Roy rejoices with the hope of a fresh spring season. Ananya Guha’s incantatory poem claws out hope from the starkness of winter.

Sometimes a small sensation, image, or moment counts for everything. Mohira Mirzayeva celebrates the joys of silent reading from a physical book. Bonu Jurayeva reminds us of the sensory pleasures of physical books. Noah Berlatsky celebrates the wealth of love that he finds in his affectionate cat and dog. David Sapp contributes gentle, pensive moments of family and domesticity. Christina Chin’s haikus transport us to the sounds and feel of summer. Tammy Higgins’ photographs present life as surprising, highlighting disparate elements and unusual colors and perspectives. Jacques Fleury’s poem travels between the worlds of belonging and isolation, wealth and poverty, anchored by the recurring image of ships. Nuraini Usman’s photos capture moments of mystery: dim light, and a foot stepping into the unknown. In Sayani Mukherjee’s poem, rain, letters, memory, and love all blend together into one immersive experience. Graciela Noemi Villaverde welcomes the autumn to her Argentinian home with lush, atmospheric prose about transitions. Elaine Murray finds connection across millennia with humans and other creatures who have walked the same beach.

The final pieces return us to the act of creation itself. They ask what responsibility the artist bears in a world marked by injustice and fragmentation. If we can imagine, can we also rebuild? If we can name what is broken, can we help to mend it? These are not questions with easy answers, but they are questions that must be asked.

Image c/o Kai Stachowiak

Christopher Bernard’s final installment of Senor Despair ends with an affirmation of a creator’s radical responsibility. Jose Luis Alderete’s work suggests the possibility of rebuilding society through intentional acts of human creativity. Tokhtaboyeva Nilufar Nomonjon qizi urges her fellow Uzbeks to move forward with courage to build up their newly independent country. Mesfakus Salahin speaks to the hope of global renewal through love and insight. Hanaan Abdelkader affirms her determination to find hope in a world full of injustice, yet leafy and sunlit.

What emerges from this collection is not resolution, but recognition. We hope that you recognize yourselves somewhere in the issue.

Essay from Tuychiyeva Odinaxon Ahmadjon qizi

FORMATION METHODOLOGY OF STANDARDIZATION SKILLS IN THE FORMALIZATION OF GRAPHIC DOCUMENTS IN SCHOOL TECHNICAL DRAWING

Associate Professor of the Department of Art Studies,
Qoʻqon Davlat Universiteti:
A.X. Abdullayev

3rd-year student of the Department of Fine Arts and Engineering Graphics,
Qoʻqon Davlat Universiteti:
Tuychiyeva Odinaxon Ahmadjon qizi

Annotatsiya: Ushbu ilmiy maqola maktab chizmachilik darslarida grafik hujjatlarni rasmiylashtirishda standartlashtirish koʻnikmalarini shakllantirishning samarali metodikasini ishlab chiqish va amaliyotga tatbiq etishga bagʻishlangan. Zamonaviy sanoat va texnologiyada muhandislik grafikasi va standartlarga rioya qilishning muhimligini hisobga olgan holda, maktab oʻquvchilarida ushbu koʻnikmalarni rivojlantirish zarurati tadqiqotning asosiy muammosi hisoblanadi. Tadqiqot doirasida tajriba-sinov ishlari olib borilib, unda anʼanaviy va taklif etilayotgan metodika boʻyicha taʼlim olgan oʻquvchilar guruhlarining grafik hujjatlarni rasmiylashtirish sifatidagi farqlari tahlil qilinadi.

Kalit so’zlar: Chizmachilik, grafik hujjatlar, standartlashtirish, ko’nikmalar, metodika, maktab ta’limi, pedagogika.

Аннотация: Данная научная статья посвящена разработке и внедрению эффективной методики формирования навыков стандартизации при оформлении графических документов на уроках черчения в школе. С учётом важности инженерной графики и соблюдения стандартов в современной промышленности и технологиях, необходимость развития данных навыков у школьников рассматривается как основная проблема исследования.

В рамках исследования проводятся опытно-экспериментальные работы, в ходе которых анализируются различия в качестве оформления графических документов у групп учащихся, обучающихся по традиционной и предлагаемой методике.

Ключевые слова: черчение, графические документы, стандартизация, навыки, методика, школьное образование, педагогика

Abstract: This scientific article is devoted to the development and implementation of an effective methodology for forming standardization skills in the preparation of graphical documents in school drafting classes. Considering the importance of engineering graphics and compliance with standards in modern industry and technology, the need to develop these skills among school students is identified as the main research problem.

Within the framework of the study, experimental work is carried out to analyze the differences in the quality of graphical document preparation between groups of students taught using traditional methods and the proposed methodology.

Keywords: drafting, graphical documents, standardization, skills, methodology, school education, pedagogy.

Introduction

No other subject develops students’ imagination and thinking abilities as effectively as technical drawing. In a developed society, the importance of engineering graphics and technical drawing is steadily increasing. It is impossible to imagine any technical project, production process, or construction work without clear and well-structured graphic documentation. For such documents to be understandable, they must comply with specific standards, that is, unified rules and requirements.

At a time when special attention is being paid to modernizing the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and preparing young people for modern professions, developing skills for preparing graphic documents in accordance with standards in school technical drawing classes has become an urgent task.

Currently, in school practice, the focus in teaching technical drawing is mainly placed on the technique of drawing itself. Graphic literacy (the ability to create and read drawings) is considered the primary condition for mastering technical drawing knowledge. However, insufficient attention is paid to developing students’ skills in formatting drawings according to state standards (GOST, O‘zDSt) or international standards (ISO). As a result, after graduating from school, students face difficulties in higher education institutions or vocational colleges when studying technical specialties, particularly in formatting graphic documentation. This may negatively affect the training of qualified engineers, designers, and technologists in the future. This problem necessitates the development of a new methodology aimed at effectively forming standardization skills in educational practice.

The purpose of this research is to develop scientific and methodological foundations for forming standardization skills in preparing graphic documents in school technical drawing lessons and to test them in practice. The main objectives of the study include analyzing existing teaching practices, identifying the didactic potential of standardization, developing methodological approaches considering students’ age characteristics, and experimentally proving their effectiveness.

Research Methodology

The theoretical foundation of the study is based on works of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of technical drawing and engineering graphics didactics, pedagogical technologies, and the theory of skill formation.

The following research methods were applied: pedagogical observation, interviews, questionnaires, testing, pedagogical experiment, and statistical analysis.

The current practice of teaching technical drawing and the initial level of students’ knowledge and skills in standardization were examined. Surveys were conducted among teachers and students to determine their attitudes toward learning standardization and to identify existing difficulties. Textbooks and curricula were analyzed in terms of how standardization elements were reflected in them.

Based on the identified problems and analysis results, a new methodology aimed at forming standardization skills was developed. This methodology was based on the principles of systematicity, consistency, visualization, practicality, learner-centeredness, and differentiated instruction.

The methodology included special learning tasks, practical assignments, project-based learning elements, and recommendations for working with computer graphics software (such as simplified versions of AutoCAD, SolidWorks, or similar free tools). Special attention was paid to adapting standards such as GOST 2.104-2006 (Main inscriptions), GOST 2.301-68 (Formats), and GOST 2.303-68 (Lines) to school conditions.

To determine the effectiveness of the developed methodology, a pedagogical experiment was conducted. Two groups participated: a control group and an experimental group. Each group consisted of 18 eighth-grade students, with a total of 36 participants. The control group was taught using traditional teaching methods, while the experimental group used the newly developed methodology.

At the beginning and end of the experiment, tests and practical assignments were conducted to assess students’ skills in preparing graphic documents in accordance with standards. Practical tasks included drawing detail sketches, filling in the title block (main inscription), and correctly applying dimensions. The results were analyzed using mathematical and statistical methods.

Literature Review

The issue of forming skills in preparing and standardizing graphic documentation in school technical drawing has been reflected in numerous studies in engineering graphics and pedagogy.

Scientific sources on engineering graphics widely cover the theoretical foundations of graphic documentation, drawing rules, and the system of standard requirements. Regulatory documents, especially GOST standards, establish unified rules for formatting graphic documents, including formats, scales, line types, fonts, dimensioning rules, and title block requirements. These standards serve as an essential methodological basis for developing students’ technical literacy.

Pedagogical research emphasizes the importance of competency-based approaches, practical training, and step-by-step formation of skills. Ensuring the integration of theory and practice, applying the principle of visualization, and organizing independent work contribute significantly to the effective development of standardization skills.

In recent years, particular attention has been given to the application of modern pedagogical technologies in teaching technical drawing, improving graphic literacy, and developing engineering thinking. However, existing literature does not sufficiently address the systematic formation of standardization skills in formatting graphic documentation at the school level.

Therefore, this research is scientifically and practically significant as it aims to develop and implement an effective methodology for forming standardization skills in school technical drawing lessons.

Analysis and Results

The results of the pedagogical experiment clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed methodology. At the initial stage of the experiment, the level of knowledge and skills related to standardization in both groups was approximately the same. The average scores of the control and experimental groups were 58% and 60%, respectively, indicating no statistically significant difference.

At the end of the experiment, the results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. The average score of the experimental group reached 85%, while the control group achieved 65%.

In a five-point grading system, students’ level of compliance with standards reached 3.9 points.

Observations indicated that students in the experimental group began to approach standardization consciously during the drawing process. They performed line types, dimensioning rules, and title block formatting more accurately and quickly. Errors related to GOST 2.303-68 (Lines) decreased by 2.5 times, and errors related to GOST 2.104-2006 (Main inscriptions) decreased by three times.

Students’ creativity and independent work skills also improved significantly when completing project-based tasks. Their ability to use computer graphics software improved, enabling them to comply with standards in digital formats.

Survey results showed increased motivation and interest in technical drawing among experimental group students. They began to perceive standardization not as a collection of dry rules but as an integral part of technical culture.

The success of the methodology can be explained by several factors:

First, it presents standardization as a practical and professionally significant skill rather than a set of abstract rules.

Second, it ensures a systematic and consistent approach, gradually increasing task complexity.

Third, it integrates computer graphics tools, which enhance accuracy and adapt students to digital drawing environments.

Although the study confirms the effectiveness of the methodology, it was conducted with a limited number of students and within a specific age group. Further research is required to test its applicability in other educational contexts and to evaluate its long-term effectiveness.

Conclusion

This study was aimed at developing and implementing an effective methodology for forming standardization skills in preparing graphic documents in school technical drawing lessons.

The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methodology significantly improved students’ knowledge and practical skills related to standardization. The higher performance of the experimental group confirms the scientific validity and practical relevance of the methodology.

Students not only learned to comply with standards but also developed greater interest in technical drawing and enhanced their engineering thinking.

The developed methodology can be integrated into school technical drawing curricula and serve as a strong foundation for preparing qualified engineering professionals in the future. The formation of standardization skills improves not only technical literacy but also accuracy, responsibility, and systematic thinking.

Future research may focus on applying this methodology to other age groups and vocational institutions, as well as studying the role of digital drawing technologies in developing standardization skills. Long-term monitoring of graduates’ academic and professional success would also be valuable.

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR ROʻYXATI 

1. Karimova, D. A. (2018). Chizmachilik o’qitish metodikasi. Toshkent: Fan va texnologiya.

2. Toʻlaganov, A. A. (2020). Muhandislik grafikasi asoslari. Toshkent: O’zbekiston Milliy Ensiklopediyasi Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti.

3. Soliyev, N. I. (2019). Maktabda chizmachilik fanini o’qitishda innovatsion yondashuvlar. Pedagogika fanlari doktori dissertatsiyasi avtoreferati. Toshkent.

4. OʻzDSt 2.104-2006. Konstruktorlik hujjatlari yagona tizimi. Asosiy yozuvlar. Toshkent: Oʻzbekiston standartlashtirish, metrologiya va sertifikatlashtirish agentligi.

5. OʻzDSt 2.301-68. Konstruktorlik hujjatlari yagona tizimi. Formatlar. Toshkent: Oʻzbekiston standartlashtirish, metrologiya va sertifikatlashtirish agentligi.

6. OʻzDSt 2.303-68. Konstruktorlik hujjatlari yagona tizimi. Chiziqlar. Toshkent: Oʻzbekiston standartlashtirish, metrologiya va sertifikatlashtirish agentligi.

7. ISO 128-1:2020. Technical product documentation (TPD) – General principles of presentation – Part 1: Introduction and fundamental requirements. International Organization for Standardization.

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11. Tursunov, R. (2016). Grafik kompetensiyalarni shakllantirishning pedagogik-psixologik asoslari. Pedagogika fanlari nomzodi dissertatsiyasi. Samarqand.

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14. Khojiyev, J. S. (2020). O’quvchilarda texnik tafakkurni rivojlantirishning didaktik imkoniyatlari. Yosh olimlar axborotnomasi, (2), 89-94.

Essay from Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi


PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS OF ABDULLA AVLONI
Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi
3rd-year Student, Primary Education Program

National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan
Abstract


This article analyzes the life and pedagogical views of Abdulla Avloni, an Uzbek enlightener, poet, playwright, and educator. It examines Avloni’s role in the development of public education in Uzbekistan, the essence and significance of his work “Turkiy Guliston or Morality,” as well as his ideas on enlightenment and national awakening. The article scientifically explores the thinker’s interpretation
of education and upbringing as the most important factors in human life, the theoretical and practical aspects of his pedagogical activity, and his contribution to the development of the modern Uzbek school system. In addition, the relevance of Abdulla Avloni’s views on knowledge, morality, upbringing, and patriotism for today’s education system is highlighted.


Keywords: Abdulla Avloni, pedagogy, upbringing, enlightenment, morality, Jadid school, education, national awakening.


At the beginning of the 20th century, the national awakening and enlightenment movement gained wide momentum in Turkestan. During this period, among the intellectuals who called the people toward knowledge, culture, and progress, Abdulla Avloni occupied a special place. As a poet, playwright, publicist, public figure, and most importantly, a devoted educator of the people, he left an incomparable mark on the history of Uzbek pedagogy. Abdulla Avloni dedicated his entire life to enlightening the nation and educating the younger generation in the spirit of knowledge and morality.


Throughout his career, Avloni worked as a teacher, established new-method schools, created textbooks, and encouraged the public toward enlightenment through the press. His pedagogical views were innovative for his time and continue to play a significant role in shaping the modern education system today. The thinker’s work “Turkiy Guliston or Morality” is considered a masterpiece of Uzbek folk pedagogy. In this work, he scientifically presents his views on
morality, upbringing, knowledge, and human development. Avloni’s ideas on education and upbringing have retained their relevance not only in his own time but also in the present day. Therefore, studying his pedagogical heritage and applying it to modern educational practice holds great scientific and practical significance.


Abdulla Avloni (1878–1934) is one of the most prominent enlightenment figures, educators, and writers to emerge during the period of national awakening of the Uzbek people. He was born on July 12, 1878, in the Mergancha neighborhood of Tashkent, into a family of craftsmen. Showing an interest in learning from an early
age, Avloni first studied at a traditional school and later at a madrasa. Entering the world of literature and enlightenment in his youth, this talented young man began writing poetry at the age of fifteen. In his early works, he called on the people to escape ignorance, study in new-method schools, and acquire knowledge and professions.


Avloni’s enlightenment activity was primarily manifested in the field of
journalism. In 1907, he published the newspapers “Shuhrat” and “Osiyo”, serving as their editor and promoting ideas of enlightenment, unity, and progress. Although the tsarist government soon shut down these publications, Avloni did not cease his activities. He continued his work in the newspapers “Sadoyi Turkiston”, “Turon”, and the journal “Kasabachilik Harakati”, making an invaluable contribution to the formation of Uzbek journalism. He regarded the press as a force that awakens the people, calling it “a lamp that illuminates the darkness of ignorance.”


Abdulla Avloni’s pedagogical activity formed the essence of his entire life. He viewed teaching not merely as a profession but as a sacred duty in service to the nation. In his lessons, he paid special attention to nurturing students’ independent thinking, patriotism, and moral purity. He considered expressive reading, emotional engagement with texts, and sincere communication between teacher and
student as essential components of the educational process.


In “Turkiy Guliston or Morality,” Avloni deeply analyzes the issue of human perfection. According to him, upbringing is the fundamental foundation of human life. He famously wrote: “For us, upbringing is a matter of either life or death, salvation or destruction, happiness or catastrophe.” Through these words, Avloni interprets upbringing not only as a personal matter but as a factor determining the fate of the nation.


In his works, he divides upbringing into four main directions:
The timing of upbringing – education must begin from early childhood;
Physical upbringing – a healthy mind is formed through a healthy body;
Intellectual upbringing – developing intelligence, striving for knowledge, and cultivating thinking;

Moral upbringing – instilling virtues such as honesty,
conscience, patience, and compassion.
Avloni’s pedagogical views were considered innovative approaches in his time. He regarded education and upbringing as inseparable concepts “like body and soul,” emphasizing that teaching and moral education complement one another.


The thinker viewed morality as the highest human virtue. In “Turkiy Guliston or Morality,” he divided human behavior into two categories: good morals and bad morals. Good morals include patriotism, cleanliness, courage, conscience, patience, and kindness, while bad morals include ignorance, anger, laziness, lying, and greed. Avloni supported these ideas with verses from the Qur’an, hadiths, and
the wisdom of thinkers such as Socrates, Aristotle, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Sa‘di, and Bedil.


As an educator, Avloni sought to cultivate love for the mother tongue, respect for knowledge, diligence, and loyalty to the homeland among the younger generation. His poems and fables written for children possess strong educational value, fostering love for books, labor, and nature. In his poems about the Motherland, the poet depicts the homeland as a beautiful, generous, and prosperous land, instilling
a sense of pride and honor in children.


Avloni’s work “A Brief History of the Prophets and the History of Islam” was written in a religious-enlightenment direction, aiming to acquaint the younger generation with Islamic history and enrich their spiritual world. This work was widely used as a textbook for primary schools in its time. The thinker was not only a writer but also an active practical educator. During the 1920s and 1930s, Abdulla Avloni taught at the Teachers’ Seminary in Tashkent, the Faculty of Pedagogy, and the Central Asian University, where he trained many
young teachers. During these years, he compiled the textbook “Literature Chrestomathy,” thereby laying the foundation for the methodology of teaching Uzbek literature in schools.


Throughout his life, Avloni devoted himself wholeheartedly to the enlightenment of the nation. In recognition of his services, he was awarded the honorary title “Hero of Labor” in 1927 and “Shock Worker of Public Education of Uzbekistan” in 1930. His name is still remembered with great respect in the history of the Uzbek education system. Today, schools, streets, scientific centers, and a museum
at the Institute for Advanced Training of Teachers in Tashkent bear the name of Abdulla Avloni, honoring his invaluable contribution to education and enlightenment.


Abdulla Avloni regarded education as a powerful force leading the people toward freedom, culture, and progress. He emphasized the irreplaceable role of the teacher’s personality in educating the younger generation as well-rounded individuals. Therefore, Avloni can be regarded not only as a great figure of his own time, but also as one of the founders of the entire history of Uzbek pedagogy.


In conclusion, Abdulla Avloni is a great educator, poet, and enlightener who left an indelible mark on the spiritual and educational life of the Uzbek people. His views remain highly relevant not only for his own era, but also for the modern education system today. In his pedagogical activity, Avloni placed upbringing at the center of
human life, interpreting it as the most important factor in the nation’s prosperity and the development of society.


His work “Turkiy Guliston or Morality” is a masterpiece of Uzbek pedagogical thought. It addresses the issues of educating a well-rounded generation based on values such as moral integrity, aspiration for knowledge, patriotism, compassion, and humaneness. For Avloni, education and upbringing were inseparable concepts;
he highly valued the teacher as the most important figure shaping the future of the nation.


Even today, the ideas put forward by Avloni—humanism, moral education, loyalty to national values, love of knowledge, and the cultivation of independent thinking—are fully aligned with the main directions of modern education.


Therefore, the legacy of Abdulla Avloni stands as the foundation of Uzbek pedagogy and an inexhaustible spiritual source in the upbringing of the younger generation.


References
Zunnunov, A. (2004). History of Pedagogy. Tashkent.
Dolimov, U. Abdulla Avloni as the Founder of Uzbek Pedagogy of the National Awakening Period.
Ziyouz. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.ziyouz.com

Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi
Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi was born in 2006 in Shahrisabz district, Kashkadarya region, Uzbekistan. She graduated successfully from Secondary School No. 72 in Shahrisabz district, Kashkadarya region. Since 2023, she has been a student of the present-day National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan.


During her academic journey, she has distinguished herself through her high level of activity, strong interest in science, and initiative. She has carried out volunteer activities at the Pinnacle Science Republican Scientific Center, contributing to the promotion of scientific research among young people.


Sevinch Daminova is the author of scientific articles published in prestigious journals of countries such as the United States, Singapore, and Russia, which reflects her recognition at the international level as a young researcher. She is the holder of more than 50 diplomas and certificates and has actively participated in
numerous national and international competitions.


In 2025, she became the recipient of the “Future Star” Statuette, organized on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States. She has also been awarded the “Advanced Generation” badge and the “Devoted to High Science” badge. In the “Mosaic of Nations” competition organized by the Jadids International Scientific
Research Association, she won first place and was awarded the “Friendship” badge.


She is the author of a number of poems and international scientific articles, successfully combining creativity and scientific research. She is a determined and ambitious young scholar who aims to contribute to the development and prosperity of her country in the future.

Poetry from Sheryl Bize-Boutte

I SHOULD LOVE YOU 

©2026 by Sheryl J. Bize-Boutte

We are all planted like the trees

On this rolling chip of water and rock

Precariously suspended 

Dressed in costumes of choice or assignment

In skins of no-fault origin and accident

Drowning in murky oceans of difference

Our feet slipping in blood

Our eyes no longer focused

Our heads no longer raised 

To stargaze at the wonder

To absorb the miracles of being

Our arms no longer reaching

To hold on to each other

To keep from floating away

We avoid the profound and unshakeable truth

That we are fitfully and purposely connected 

Even in our separate nights 

And as we sleep beneath the same moon

Even in our divided mornings

As we awake under the same sun

Whispering the dream in their glow

You should love me

I should love you

THIS IS AN EXCERPT FROM “THE BURDEN KEEPER’S REPORTS” A SPECULATIVE FICTION NOVELLA ©2025 BY SHERYL J. BIZE-BOUTTE

THE BRIDGE
© 2025 BY SHERYL J. BIZE-BOUTTE

He lowered himself slowly into one of the old wooden rocking chairs on the porch. It was one of two identical chairs put in place several years ago back when there was something to look at out there. Now, it sat idle and still, caked with dust and the remains of the occasional dead insect.


He rocked himself slowly so he wouldn’t feel his lightness of being, his drained and feathery non-man body, the emptiness of his core. Yesterday he had rocked himself a bit too hard and thought he felt his empty stomach touch his spine.

He almost ended it right then and there.

No telling what he would look like when they eventually found him if he gave in to that. Still prideful, he was not about to leave an unsightly and unattractive mess for all to see.

After all, he reasoned with himself, if he still had enough strength left to rock himself gently, he was not quite done. And if he was not quite done, he would just be damned if he would lower himself to ask for another piece of low-paid work, a chunk of bread for lunch, or an onion for the now gourmet one-potato soup. He would just be damned.

Two and a half long years into the Great Depression and he had had it with the begging. He was a man after all, a strapping, strong provider, not a hand-out man, not a mislaid flop of skin.

He’d run the tobacco and sugar cane farm the same as his father and his father before him. Until now. Now it was all windborne dusty brown earth and weeds, with the occasional mass of hot dung dropped by his only remaining cow. He couldn’t decide whether to slaughter the cow for the meat or keep her for the milk, although at this point the milk was scarce, and the body was mostly bone. Even so, Vandelay was like family. He just couldn’t kill her. Not yet.

He, his wife and his young son were already on the brink of starvation before he sent the two of them to live with her mother in another state. At least she had chickens and small stream on her land full of catfish. It had been for the best. Especially after he had caught his wife levelling his shotgun at Vandelay. So, he sent them away. It had been a year, and he hadn’t heard anything from them, so he supposed they were still surviving. At least if things went wrong where they were now and they died hungry he wouldn’t have to watch it. The state he had been in for the last few years had made him ok with them not being alive as long as he didn’t have to be there when it happened. That way, whatever happened to them wasn’t on him.

The banging on the frail wooden front door startled him. And then the yelling of his name, “Henry, Henry! Open up, Henry!”

He recognized the voice right away. It was his closest neighbor down the road, Eisel. They had bonded over their poverty and stark desperation and kept each other afloat sharing whatever they had or managed to get. He sure hoped Eisel wasn’t there to borrow anything. Today, he had nothing but well water and a bit of sugar.

“Open up, Henry!” Eisel continued to yell.

“What Eisel, what?” Henry asked as he opened the door.

Eisel held out a piece of winkled paper. A flyer of some kind.

“Read this Henry!’ Eisel exclaimed. “Read this and let’s go!”

It was only then that Henry looked down at the rotting word porch and saw Eisel’s small suitcase.

“Read it, man!” Eisel insisted. “Then grab whatever you want to remember from this barren pile of rocks and dirt, stuff it in my suitcase if you want, and let’s go!”

“Go where?” Henry asked with a slight chuckle.

“Read the damn paper, Henry!” said a now testy Eisel.

“Ok, Ok!” Henry replied as he held the paper in front of his face.

LOOKING FOR STEADY EMPLOYMENT? GOOD WAGES? LEARNING NEW SKILLS?

COME AND JOIN US IN BUILDING THE WATER BRIDGE!

ASSEMBLE AT:
THE UNION HALL
123 TOMMY PLACE
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
WE ARE LOOKING FOR:
IRON WORKERS
CARPENTERS
GENERAL TRADES
TRAINING AVAILABLE

All he had to do was look out of one of his dust-covered windows at the barren expanse it displayed to know there was nothing to think about or consider. This was the lifeline he needed.

“Just one problem, Eisel. How will we eat and how will we get there?”

“I got that all figured out, Henry. I do have a car after all, my good man. We can do odd jobs along the way. We know how to do a lot of things. We can work for food, we can work for shelter, we can work for money. When we run out of gas, we will hitch a ride. But Henry, we have got to go!”

Henry gathered his meager belongings and ignoring Eisel’s suitcase offer, placed them in a paper sack. He grabbed the shotgun as he walked out of the front door. He dropped the sack on the ground, pointed the shotgun at Vandelay and fired. To his relief, she dropped with a noiseless grace.

At least she wouldn’t be alone he thought.

He put the shotgun on the backseat floor and his sack of belongings on the rear seat. Then he climbed into the passenger seat of Eisel’s now rusting 1921 Ford Model T, bought when he was in his heyday supplying sugar cane produced moonshine and raking in vast profits. Eisel hadn’t saved a damn dime and now that he really needed it, had little but that car to show for all the money he had made.

“Wait a minute, Eisel. I forgot something,” Henry said before Eisel drove off.

Henry ran from the car and back into the house. Shortly, he reappeared. As he walked toward the car, Eisel saw he had a mason jar with the lid screwed on tightly to avoid spillage of the precious
liquid inside.

Well water with sugar.

Who knows how they did it, but they did. Along the way, most people were polite and generous with what little they had, sometimes almost eager to share as if it would bring them more or at least the comfort that they were not alone. Henry and Eisel slept in the car until the engine caught fire a third of the way to California in a little town in Oklahoma. From there they hitched rides in cars, on the backs of trucks, wagons and the occasional baggage car, but mostly they
walked. The routes they travelled were always dictated by the conveyance they could find going westward.

They slept in parks and one time the woods. Sometimes homeowners would wake up to find them sleeping on their porches and shoo them away, but they learned quickly that if they stuck to
porches of elderly folks, there was always a chore or two that could be exchanged for a hot meal.


One arthritic couple simply could no longer reach the cans of beans, preserves and flour they had stored on a high shelf and credited Eisel and Henry with saving their lives, along with a feast of biscuits, plum preserves and meatless chili. Sometimes a bath was offered and one time they were invited into a crumbling mansion and got to sleep in real beds.

They never had enough money for a hotel. Lucked up in Carson City and did three days’ worth of clean-up work for a used-to be rich furniture store owner who was trying to save his business after a severe rainstorm and a leaky roof. That payment allowed them to eat fairly well for the rest of the trip. Not one ounce of real trouble. There were so many like them at the time it was a normal thing to see people out of place.

After three weeks of slow travel, they found themselves at the door of 123 Tommy Place.

They were both hired right away as general laborers, Henry signing up to be trained as an iron worker, Eisel, a carpenter.

At the job site, the men were leaving for the day. Wives and children were waiting for them at the base of the elaborate expanse of scaffolding that seemed to float above the bay waters.
Neither Henry nor Eisel could figure out how this bridge over all this water could be built, but it was happening, and they would be a part of history.

Still in awe of it all, Henry’s attention was broken when among the families beginning their walks to the cars and buses that would take them home, he thought he heard a familiar voice.

He turned in time to see young iron worker bend to kiss his wife and hug his young son in a way that seemed as natural for them as it was familiar to him.

He briefly thought this could have been his life if he had been put in another place at another time, but he quickly dismissed the notion as a wasteful musing.

That night, as he and Eisel settled into the boarding house provided by the union, he couldn’t stop thinking about them.

It would turn out that he would see them often, almost every day at quitting time when the wife and son would show up to greet the young man named Vincent, a journeyman ironworker.
Vincent was experienced enough to have his own section of the bridge near the top of the scaffold away from other workers. Henry worked closely with Vincent during his first six months of training and Vincent was generous in showing him all the basic skills and nuances of the trade as well as how to safely climb and descend the scaffolding which had already taken several lives.


From the beginning of the project, workers would slip and fall through the scaffold gaps or lose balance from high places and plummet to the bay waters below. There was only one who survived the fall and did not drown, but he eventually died in hospital of his many injuries.

Henry became obsessed with Vincent and his family, asking many questions which the proud family man Vincent was always willing to answer.

Henry came to know that Vincent had met his then wife-to-be and her boy on a train from Utah to California. It was love at first sight for all three of them he bragged joyfully. Said her ex-husband had been a cruel and evil man who loved his cow more than he loved his family and had died a few years back.

Henry knew then who the woman was.

Who the boy was.

At least in his mind, he did. It all fit, so it had to be.

Henry could not let it be.

As Vincent stood to stretch, Henry pushed him off the scaffolding. He pushed him so hard that Vincent was propelled several feet beyond the edges of the scaffolding and appeared to try to flap his arms and fly before he hit the waters below.

Although it happened quickly, Henry took it all in as an amused observer, laughing at Vincent’s hopeless attempts to save himself.

“Well, you may be a wife stealing son of a bitch, but you ain’t no bird!” Henry yelled as Vincent continued to flail.

Before Henry could yell for help and act as though another accidental tragedy had occurred, he felt a strong pull on his legs and arms. His limbs were being wrenched from his body. There was no blood, only a smattering of dust and dried remnants of what had been left of him so many years before. Then followed the rest as it was absorbed and disappeared into the keep.

Kament then completed the rest of his process. Destruction.

As Kament stood at a narrow corner of the now completed bridge, preparing to move on to his next, he looked up to see a glistening array of human forms floating upward from the bay. One by one, all of those lost to the building of the bridge were being rescued and rising to stardust.


He recognized Vincent right away and wondered why since recognition was not one of the things he was supposed to be able to do. His fading was beginning to become more pronounced.

But none of this up floating was his doing. He was not assigned to and had not prompted this rescue and knew it signaled a major shift in purpose and report.

He was weary. Weary enough to linger.

Transfixed and immobile he continued to gaze at the elegant rising forms. His shutdown was suddenly interrupted by a line of bright light appearing just below what they called their horizon, calling his name, calling him home.

Poetry from Dr. Ahmed Al-Qaisi

Delirium of Love – Words of a Woman

Learn to read feelings before reading anything else,

for letters belong to everyone,

but feelings are understood only by those who possess a little sensitivity.

What still frightens me is that I continue to feel that I belong nowhere;

not to a place,

not to a person,

not to a pair of eyes,

nor to a shoulder to lean on.

The wild loneliness still accompanies me,

even sometimes upon my pillow.

Yet I find comfort in this self-sufficiency,

in distancing myself from everything that resembles me,

and in living my state with the one who lives within me.

But I always say to him:

I miss you with a longing that steals my breath

and ignites in my heart a fire that never fades.

Your absence hurts me,

and your memory fills every moment of my life.

I love you to the point of pain,

and I wait for you as if my life begins when I meet you.

O man,

for feelings to be sincere,

distance cannot defeat them.

True relationships do not need constant meetings,

and the bond between us is love,

and what ties this love together is eternal sincerity.

Do you know

that between you and me there is a conversation without sound?

Between us there is a soul that hovers around you like an angel with two wings.

Between us there is a heart that beats only for you,

as if you were created to live inside me forever,

an eternity without end.

I am a woman:

half of me is a butterfly,

and the other half is a flower.

And you…

half of you is a vintage perfume whose fragrance spreads in the air,

half of you is human,

and the other half is an angel.

Half of you is a song,

and the rest of you is a beautiful melody woven from the charms of your being.

O soul,

go to him,

embrace him without my veins knowing.

Quench the thirst of your breath in his presence,

place a kiss upon his forehead,

and whisper softly to him

that I am dying of longing for him,

that he never leaves my thoughts,

and that he is the flame of my feelings.

She asked me once:

What is love to you?

I told her:

Love is a bright and beautiful garment carried by a woman.

She walks with it until she meets her other half,

then she lays it upon him,

and suddenly he appears the most handsome of men.

She believes he is the one whose image she saw in the openings of dreams

and in the folds of wishes.

And it is also a lamp in the hand of a man,

guiding him to the first woman he meets.

He sees her face shining among women whose faces do not shine,

and he believes she was created from light.

Yet he does not realize

that it was he who illuminated her face

with the lamp of his love.

It is one of life’s subtle tricks,

hidden from all lovers

since the time of Adam

until this very day.

This is the truth of love…

so do not listen too much

to the delirium of the mad lover

.

Written by / Dr. Ahmed Al-Qaisi

Poetry from Ibrahim Honjo

THE CURSE OF WAR

Let the wars be only in them

and let only they bleed to exhaustion

but to survive and celebrate victory

over themselves

let their wars keep them alive

and let the riots disturb them at all times

and let the riots boil them into sick brains

like hungry birds pecking grains

and let him quench his bloody thirst

such as quenching quicklime

let them eat their flesh

and because of defeats and victories to exhaustion

and let the war never cease in them

until they destroy themselves

on a day that will not be reminiscent of other victims

so, fight you to whom wars are sacred

you have eaten our meat enough

taste your own now

fight within yourself and drink from your womb

and the poisoned wombs of your mothers

who renounce you in death

and curse the days when they gave birth to you

therefore, worship your shadows today

because tomorrow no one will worship them

if my curse reaches you

you will be saved from new bloodshed

Essay from Аhmаdov Bekzodjon Obidjon o‘g‘li

Аhmаdov Bekzodjon Obidjon o‘g‘li

THE BRIGHT STAR OF A NATION’S AWAKENING

In the history of Uzbek and Turkestan literature, there are remarkable figures whose names are inseparably linked with the awakening of the nation and the ideals of enlightenment and freedom. One of these outstanding personalities is Abdulhamid Cho‘lpon. He was not only a talented poet and writer, but also a courageous intellectual who lived with the pain of his nation and devoted his life to the spiritual awakening of his people.

A Path Toward Knowledge and Enlightenment

Cho‘lpon created his works under several pen names, including “Cho‘lpon,” “Qalandar,” “Mirzaqalandar,” and “Andijonlik.” Although the writer lived relatively recently, different sources provide varying information about his birth year. Some mention 1883, 1896, 1897, and 1898. According to most researchers, the most reliable date is 1898. It was in this year that he was born in the Qoraterak neighborhood of Andijan.

The poet’s father, Sulaymonqul Bazzoz, was a merchant but also one of the enlightened and progressive people of his time. Hoping that his son would follow in his footsteps, he even opened a shop for him. Cho‘lpon managed the business responsibly; however, his heart was drawn not to trade but to knowledge and literature.

Recognizing his son’s passion for learning, his father supported him wholeheartedly. Subscribing to various newspapers and journals—even those published abroad—greatly broadened the young Cho‘lpon’s worldview. He studied both in a madrasa and in a Russian-native school, distinguishing himself from an early age with his deep thirst for knowledge.

The First Steps in His Creative Journey

Cho‘lpon began writing at around the age of sixteen. His earliest articles and literary works were published in the newspapers Sadoi Turkiston and Sadoi Farg‘ona, as well as in the journal Sho‘ro, which was published in Orenburg.

Unfortunately, due to the complex historical circumstances of that period, many of the poet’s works written before the revolution have not survived to the present day. Today, only a few of his early works remain, including the articles Railways in Our Homeland Turkestan and What Is Literature?, the essay Osh, the feuilleton The Victim of Ignorance, and the short story Doctor Muhammaddiyor. Through these works, the social problems of that era, the hardships of the people, and the urgent need for enlightenment become clearly visible.

Jadidism and National Awakening

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Turkestan was experiencing a complex socio-political period. During this time, a group of enlightened intellectuals emerged from among the people, dedicating themselves to the progress and awakening of the nation. Among them were figures such as Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulla Avloniy, Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy, and Munavvarqori Abdurashidxonov. Alongside these devoted reformers stood Cho‘lpon.

The Jadids promoted the renewal of society through education and enlightenment. They called for the development of Turkic languages, the advancement of national literature and culture, and the spread of modern knowledge. Cho‘lpon became an active advocate of these ideals. Supporting the idea of Turkestan autonomy, he participated in propaganda and awareness campaigns in various cities.

The Soul of the Nation in Poetry

Cho‘lpon’s literary works stand out for their deep reflection of the people’s spirit. His poetry vividly expresses the suffering of the nation, the hardships of the people, and their hope for freedom.

Through the following lines, the poet powerfully expresses his purpose:

I am a traveler who has set out on a long and difficult road,

On this path, my guiding star shines above me.

I am the pure strength of my homeland’s aspirations,

The rising of that star is the coming of the day.

These lines reflect not only the poet’s personal emotions but also the collective aspiration of an entire nation striving for freedom.

The Days When Justice Was Restored

During the Soviet era, patriotic writers like Cho‘lpon were subjected to persecution. Their works were banned, and their names were suppressed for many years. Yet history has a way of revealing the truth.

With the independence of Uzbekistan, the invaluable legacy of Cho‘lpon and other Jadid intellectuals was returned to the people. Today, their works are being republished, studied, and honored with great respect.

The life and творчество of Cho‘lpon remind us of an important truth: those who serve the progress of their nation are never forgotten. Even today, his works play a vital role in educating the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism, enlightenment, and free thought.

Indeed, the name of Abdulhamid Cho‘lpon continues to shine brightly in the sky of Uzbek literature. His words, his ideas, and his dreams will forever live in the heart of the nation.