According to Shakespeare's Macbeth, 
Life "is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing."

First, some announcements: In February, on Saturday the 28th at 2pm, Synchronized Chaos Magazine partners with the Hayward Lit Hop to co-host the Hayward Coffee Hop.

Join with us to hear poems and sample the wares of four different local coffee shops in downtown Hayward, California (Zocalo’s, Snappy’s, Concha Dreams, and the Old City Roastery). Advance tickets required, reserve your spot here.

In March we will have a presence at the Association of Writing Programs conference in Baltimore which will include a free public offsite reading at Urban Reads on Friday, March 6th at 6 pm. All are welcome to attend!

So far the lineup for our reading, the Audible Browsing Experience, includes Elwin Cotman, Katrina Byrd, Terry Tierney, Terena Bell, Shakespeare Okuni, and our editor, Cristina Deptula. If there’s time, an open mic will follow.

Poet Marin Angel, of Finland and Bulgaria, is forming a new, vast, international poetry society, the Poetic Political Party for Transparency, that will publish books and which seeks editors and writers.

Published poet and contributor Tao Yucheng is still hosting a poetry contest, open to all readers of Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Synchronized Chaos Poetry Contest: We seek short, powerful, imaginative, and strange poetry. While we welcome all forms of free verse and subject matter, we prefer concise work that makes an impact.

Guidelines: Submit up to five poems per person to taoyucheng921129@proton.me. Each poem should not exceed one page (ideally half a page or less). All styles and themes welcome. Deadline for submissions will be in early March.

Prizes: First Place: $50 Second Place: $10, payable via online transfer. One Honorable Mention. Selected finalists will be published in Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

We’re also announcing the release of contributor Brian Barbeito’s new book The Book of Love and Mourning.

From Brian: These prose poems and photos are a journey that celebrate memory and colour and the near and far. Please travel along and explore both the written word and the visual narrative. The content will include but not be limited to, forest trails, meadows and skies, grasshoppers and wild clovers, electric light, and various seasons. And at times we will dream, reminisce, and wonder about the world, its form, content, and continual movement. 

The Book of Love and Mourning can be ordered here.

Now, for February’s second issue! This issue, Sound and Fury, Signifying Everything, as opposed to Macbeth’s feelings of meaninglessness, points to the importance of individual people and relationships, to ordinary settings and personal life stories.

Dmitriy Kogan asserts the value of ordinary words from understandable poets. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s micropoems hit on different nerves: money, guilt, tradition, speech, silence. Christopher Bernard’s first installment of Senor Despair explores the search for hope and meaning in a complex world.

Terry Trowbridge’s speakers inhabit and listen to time, rather than shouting their existences into the world. Mahbub Alam’s speaker slowly awakens from a deep sleep. On the other hand, Aurelia Preskill’s speaker desires to fully inhabit her universe and her own body. Michael Todd Steffen’s pieces concern observation: seeing our world, and the instability of what we see. Janaea Rose Lyn takes us on a poetic journey from grief to cognition to embodiment and, finally, to translucence. Taro Aizu finds gentle peace in everyday blessings and beauty. Jumanazarova Mohlaroyim Islombek qizi explicates the deep and stormy inner world behind Said Ahmad’s ironically titled novel Silence. Timothee Bordenave explores the emotional territory of pleasure, escape, rebirth, and devotion.

J.J. Campbell depicts the debris of soul damage from a long and weary life, but continues living, as he has little choice. Mahbub Alam evokes the solemn weariness of insomnia in an elegant poem. Taylor Dibbert reflects on turning points in a relationship that went south. John Edward Culp’s work quietly dares without becoming showy, as a person eases into the risk of loving and being loved. Kalipada Ghosh celebrates a gentle and inspiring love. Dr. Fernando Martinez Alderete presents the comfort and care of a steady, long-term love. Lan Xin’s love poetry carries a spiritual bent, drawing on metaphors of angels and ancient Chinese temples. Cai Zhenyuan ties love into universal compassion and making moral choices.

Alexa Grospe speaks to the visceral pain of someone struggling to be seen and loved in their ordinary humanness. Jacques Fleury advises readers to become comfortable and at home in their own identities and bodies. Eva Lianou Petropoulou reminds humans not to lose sight of our hearts and creativity in the age of artificial intelligence.

Bill Tope and Doug Hawley contribute a co-written bleak, funny, and tender short story that highlights the humanity not only of disabled people, but all those who age and change with time. Noah Berlatsky comments with humor on physical aging. Dilafro’z Sultanova aspires to health and wellness in her advertising jingle to the Central Asian health drink Beleever. Diyora Abduolimova and Jurayeva Aziza Rakhmatovna discusses the importance of and methods for inclusive education for children with disabilities.

Shoshana Vegh speaks to a mythical love that endures through time. Mesfakus Salahin promises his commitment to his loved one throughout his life journey. Jamal Garougar affirms a quiet, humble love. Mandy Pistikou’s poetry outlines a romantic relationship that grows and deepens with time. Sabo Jurayeva urges people to marry for the right reasons, building strong families on love and commitment rather than infatuation.

Iroda Abdusamiyeva pays tribute to her kind, tenderhearted mother as Ibodimova Lobar Muzzafar qizi mourns the loss of her loving mother. Eshmatova Charos offers her love and respect to her mother through a prayer. Akramova Sarvinoz pays tribute to the love and strength of her parents. Dildorakhon Tursunboyeva tenderly expresses her love for her dear mother.

Jerrice J. Baptiste’s colorful artwork celebrates the joy of female friendship and sisterhood. Graciela Noemi Villaverde highlights the transformative power of both friendship and love. Sayani Mukherjee explores interpersonal love through the lenses of memory, religion, myth, and culture. Hanaan Abdelkader Ashour honors the love she shared with those who are departed and feels their continued presence.

Safarqulova Iroda and Maja Milojkovic celebrates the beauty of their heritages and mother tongues. Abdusaidova Jasmina expresses her pure joy and pride in her Uzbek homeland. Isaac Dominion Aju’s personal essay describes his journey towards accepting, creating, and claiming his identity as a Black African man. Normuminova Charos Shamshoshodovna looks deep in her heart and soul to find the meaning of “homeland.”

Halilova Rukshona Abdufattohovna honors the scientific and philosophical legacy of ancient scholar Abu Nasr al-Farabi. Sevara Jo’raqulova highlights the love for Uzbek heritage, nature, and culture in Alexander Faynberg’s poetry.

Duane Vorhees also addresses nature as a theme, speaking to spring’s regrowth in a natural, unsentimental way. Aziza Xazamova shares fun and colorful winter memories. Christina Chin celebrates the clear, pure beauty of winter. Ananya S. Guha’s poetry speaks to natural cycles and resilience, places that keep a hold on people even after they leave. Yongbo Ma constructs an interior landscape built through a variety of objects, places and natural creatures: rocks, tadpoles, frogs, a person’s hometown.

Brian Michael Barbeito’s nature-based prose is quietly luminous, reflective, and tender, reminding us to see the grace in the everyday. Soumen Roy compares the ebbs and flows of relationships to waves at sea. Dr. Jernail S. Anand’s essay highlights the cosmic and natural power balances of the universe.

G’afforova Hadichaxon Abduhamid qizi also writes from a wide perspective, addressing the importance of addressing air pollution on systemic as well as individual levels. Jalolova Charos weighs various sustainable design models for our world’s growing cities. Mamatraimova Khadicha Eshali qizi discusses toponymy, the science of naming places and landforms, in a certain area of Uzbekistan. Dildora Xo’jyozova appreciates Uzbekistan’s rich and multilayered history and culture. Shahnoza Ochildiyeva celebrates the literary legacy of Uzbek writer and social theorist Chol’pon.

Egamberdiyeva Diloromxon highlights the importance of Uzbeks’ understanding their nation’s constitution. Jumayev Sanjar Ilyos ogli also explores the wisdom and importance of the Uzbek constitution in shaping the country. Bai Gengsheng’s poetry, translated by Lan Xin, highlights the enduring power of fortitude and wisdom in China’s cultural heritage. Zubayda Tursunboyeva illuminates themes in Uzbek poetess Zulfiya’s work: love, family, patriotism, and peace. Shermamatova Kamola Azizbek qizi discusses ways to incorporate epic world literature into the classroom.

Razzokova Feruza’s essay discusses how language and culture influence emotional expression. Mahmudjonova Rushonabonu outlines the global importance of the English language. Qobiljonova Hurixon compares advantages of blended and traditional education for those learning English as a second language. Sultonova Shahlo Baxtiyor qizi discusses ways to overcome cognitive and psychological barriers to language learning. Nazarova Gulbaxor Azimjon qizi discusses the impact of bilingualism on personality.

Sultonmurodova Aqida identifies and offers solutions to problems students face with learning foreign languages. Shodiqulova Dilorom Niymatulla qizi highlights the value of teachers’ classroom preparation and evaluation tasks in helping students learn languages and other subjects. Mahamqulova Ruhshona Rustam qizi discusses the cultural and psychological benefits of joint educational programs, where a student may receive academic credit from institutions in different countries. Mominova Nozimakhon highlights the many ways education benefits society at large.

Xolmurotova Gulzoda outlines roles of digital platforms in language learning. Jumanazarova Nafisa discusses roles for artificial intelligence in learning English. Mamatova Mahbuba Abdulboqi qizi addresses the proper pedagogical conditions for using project-based technology in teaching literature. To’g’ilova Dinora shows how mobile apps can help students learn the Korean language. Abduhamidova Nihola shares methodological foundations for multimedia tools in language lessons. Madinaxon Tu’ychiyeva explores the efficacy of digitally based learning. Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna discusses how artificial intelligence can help with language learning.

To’laganova Muxlisa G’ulomovna discusses the role of artificial intelligence in teaching critical thinking skills. Ne’matullayeva Mukhlisa Sherali kizi outlines ways college professors can encourage students to develop their critical thinking skills. Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna highlights the importance of teaching critical thinking skills in higher education.

Erkinov Dilmurod Adham o’g’li points out linguistic conventions in scientific writing. Azamova Kumushoy Akramjon qizi highlights the role of scientific research in modern society. Bafoyev Mirzabek Mirvohidovich reflects on how medical diagnostics has advanced and become more refined with time.

Saida Turdiboyeva reflects on how artificial intelligence is changing our lives. Azimov Mirsaid Salimovich highlights the growing importance of computer code in global infrastructure. Nematova Zarina Ochilboyevna points to the emerging trend of digitization in the labor market. Toshbekova Nozima offers suggestions to address youth unemployment. Abdiyeva Mahbuba Rahmiddinova advocates for increased attention to women’s entrepreneurship as a pathway to economic development and empowerment. Zarina Yorboboyeva discusses ways to improve strategic management in business enterprises in Central Asia. Shonazarov Shohjaxon outlines advantages and disadvantages of modern consumer credit.

J.K. Durick’s pieces speak to automation and modern life, the slow erasure of the self. Bozorboyeva Nasiba Ergashboy qizi urges wisdom and foresight in the development and rollout of artificial intelligence technology. Mo’minova Rukhshona highlights how science should not be separated from ethics.

Gaurav Ojha encourages revolutionaries and activists to keep up their spirit and idealism. Norman J. Olson’s drawing conveys the current atmosphere of Minneapolis. Patricia Doyne highlights inconsistencies in American public policy regarding firearms and cultural violence. Kujtim Hajdari laments the destruction and sorrow war causes.

Mauro Montacchiesi highlights themes of moral and psychological choices in the here and now in Dr. Jernail Singh’s book Beyond Heaven, Beyond Hell. James Tian excoriates religion enforced through fear and moral blackmail. Mohammad Sedigh Haghighi reminds us that meaning cannot be outsourced, we are all tasked with a long and personal quest to find what matters.

Angelina Muniz Huberman reviews Beatriz Saavedra Gastelum’s new book Alfonso Reyes: Cartography of the Spirit and the Word, which dramatizes estrangement and exile. Shammah Jeddypaul’s piece evokes the dislocation of trauma through a narrator whose situation we gradually begin to grasp. David Kokoette’s raw, furious, and wounded poetry looks at systemic and personal violation and invasion.

Luis Cuauhtemoc Berriozabal’s work probes spaces where meaning becomes unreliable and sensory overload collapses into numbness. Grzegorz Wroblewski’s asemic scrawls reflect intuitive thought maps or emotional streams of consciousness. Mark Young’s pieces feel geometric, like a meditation on latency. Rus Khomutoff contributes a chant, a waking dream, a data-streamed prayer. Poet Yongbo Ma interviews writer Jeffrey Cyphers Wright about his fun, freeflowing, and experimental poetry craft.

Ruziyeva Nigina Sanat kizi delves into the moral and spiritual aspects of O’tkir Hoshimov’s work. Jakhongir Nomozov interviews Azerbaijani poet, translator, and journalist Aysel Khanlargizi Safarli on beauty, meaning, and spiritual understanding in her work.

Sevinch Botirjonova explicates the power of words in an increasingly connected world. Stephen Jarrell Williams speaks to memory, faith, and history. Nozima Gofurova highlights the thoughtful literary criticism of Ozod Sharafiddinov and how he examined literature as a force to mold and inspire society as well as elegant entertainment. Jumayev Sanjar Ilyos ogli celebrates the many roles of Uzbekistan’s young people in shaping the country’s future.

Dustmurodova Marjona Doniyorovna illuminates the value of lifelong learning as Türkan Ergör urges us to forget past sorrows and grudges and Opeyemi Oluwayomi asserts his steady belief in the value and beauty of tomorrow.

We hope that this issue helps you keep growing, thinking, and believing in our shared future.

“MY CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ALWAYS TUNE ME TO FRAGILE NOTES”

Our interlocutor is one of the bright figures of Azerbaijani literature — poet, publicist, and editor; a member of the Azerbaijan Writers’ Union, the “Yanqi Ovoz” Central Asian Writers’ Union, and the “Iraq-Turkmen Writers and Literary Figures Union”; a recipient of the Presidential Scholarship; laureate of the “Rasul Rza” and “Shakhmar Alakbarzadeh” Literary Awards; Head of the Women’s Wing of the Civil Solidarity Party; and editor of the website Mustaqil.az — Aysel Khanlargizi Safarli.

– When speaking about childhood, a person dives into an ocean of both joy and sorrowful memories.

When you recall your childhood years, what feelings awaken in your heart first?

— My childhood memories always tune me to fragile notes. Whenever I recall them, I return to the carefree, beautiful days when my father was still alive. Back then, little Aysel would show her very first poem to her father, and his kind words would light a small spark of creativity in her heart… I become a child again, and my father gently strokes my hair with eyes full of love… In this flow of emotions, I find myself gazing both into my past and into my own soul.

– There is a delicate silence and a deep emotional wave in your poetry.

Where does this silence come from — childhood memories or the turbulence of life?

— Some of these feelings come from the fragility of childhood memories, while others were born while rowing against life in the stormy sea of existence, fighting to survive.

– Every poet carries an invisible flame within.

Who ignited that fire in you for the first time — what event or which feeling?

— The first torch of poetry within me was lit by my late father. From my earliest years, he took pride in my poems, encouraged me, became my first reader, and always stood behind me… I believe it is a unique happiness for a girl to love her father also as her very first reader.

– “Paper planes” — does this symbol represent the purity of childhood or the human need to let dreams fly?

— In fact, the origin of “paper planes” is different. Because I lived far away for many years and waited for someone from afar, my life passed through airports filled with longing… In one of my poems, I wrote about how my son, waiting for his father, made paper planes and flew them across the room, turning our home into an airport… That is where the expression “paper planes” was born.

– Truth and beauty — how do these two concepts merge in your poetic worldview?

— Although truth may sometimes appear ugly to people, in my world it is a form of beauty itself…

Beauty always changes depending on one’s perspective. What matters is the ability to see beautifully. Sometimes a person can feel happiness even in sorrow, can live through pain beautifully, and carry it with dignity.

– In the modern world, a woman is simultaneously a creator, a mother, and a leader.

How do you maintain the delicate balance between these roles?

— I try to maintain it as best as I can. A woman is created so strong and perfect that she can carry the highest emotions of the world with immense love and patience. I am happy that I am both a mother and someone who can express her feelings through writing.

– You also lead the Women’s Wing of the Civil Solidarity Party.

When literature and social activity intersect, what tones collide within your soul?

— The founder of the Civil Solidarity Party is himself a People’s Poet — Sabir Rustamkhanli, a master who gifted priceless works to literature. I believe literature itself is already a form of social activity… 

Even the strongest conflicts have often been resolved with a single word. My soul stands in harmony with both my words and my actions; it befriends them, loves both its work and its word.

– There are wars, hunger, and injustices in the world.

What should a poet do in the face of such pain — remain silent or turn the pen into a sword?

— Even if a poet wants to remain silent, they cannot. Poets feel those pains and emotions as if they have lived them themselves. That is why the countless states of the world have always been transformed into poetry, words, and verses — and will continue to be.

– In your opinion, is modern literature a remedy for society’s spiritual wounds, or merely consolation?

— I believe literature is neither consolation nor a remedy. Literature is the verbal expression of feelings that thousands of people cannot articulate. Literature is the image of emotions, the artistic tones of life. When we are alone with ourselves, it makes us think, sometimes awakens us from heedless sleep, and sometimes gives the human soul the strength to fight. Literature is the nourishment of our spiritual world.

– Time changes, technology dominates the human soul.

Do you think the value of words still remains in this century?

— As long as humans exist, words will exist, and their value will remain. Sometimes a word becomes healing and hope in a sick heart; sometimes it becomes life itself. 

There is nothing a word cannot do… Just as with a single word — “dear” — a person is ready to sacrifice their life for the one they love.

– They say a person must find the meaning of their life.

Where do you see the meaning of life?

— Giving meaning to life depends on the individual. When a person sees what they value in the place they desire, life becomes beautiful in their eyes. For a creative person, the meaning of life is to live, to create, and not to grow tired of struggle.

– What inspires you most or causes you concern in today’s literary environment?

— The emergence of many talented young writers today inspires me greatly. What concerns me are those who devalue words, who seek so-called fame for the sake of publicity and ratings, or who force themselves into being poets or writers. But then I think to myself: time and the scales of literature will weigh every line and every verse; meaningless things that exhaust the agenda will be sifted out and filtered away. 

Leaving everything to time is the wisest choice.

– Is there a distance between today’s reader and the poet, or do souls still hear one another?

— Where there is spiritual kinship, there is no distance. A true reader and one who understands words will feel, sense, and comprehend them anywhere.

Jakhongir NOMOZOV, is a young poet and journalist from Uzbekistan.  

He is also a Member of the Union of Journalists of Azerbaijan and the World Young Turkic Writers Union.

                           MY HOMELAND – MY PRIDE

Every morning, on my way to university, I see our flag blowing in the wind along the road. Our symbol dances in the winds as if it is alive and breathing with life itself, its colors clashing with the blue of the sky. Every moment of the flag gives my heart a warm feeling – pride, trust, strength. Because it reminds me of the most sacred word – Homeland.

One day, our teacher asked in class: 

– Children, what does Homeland mean to you?

   The whole class became quiet. Someone said, “My mother”, another said “Nature” someone else said “Freedom”. I thought for a moment. Because this question was not simple – the answer had to be genuine and come right from the heart. On my way home, I watched the city: new roads being built, children playing in parks, farmers working in the fields, people hurrying home from work. These scenes helped me understand one truth: Homeland is not only land or a place – it is a sacred home built by the hard work, dreams, and dedication of its people.

     The Homeland is warm like a mother’s love, strong like mountains, and full of life like a river. It raises us, supports us, and gives wings to our dreams. As a child of this Homeland, I want to be worthy of it. I may be young, but my dreams are as big as my country.

    I study, learn, and work on myself every day. I know that educated youth are the biggest treasure of a nation. As our President say, “An educated generation is the guarantee of a great future”. That is why I push myself everyday and aim for new opportunities. Maybe one day I will become a translator, or maybe a diplomat or scientist who proudly speaks the name of Uzbekistan one international stages. But one thing will never change – I will always carry the warmth of my Homeland in my heart.

   Whenever I feel tired or face challenges, I tell myself: “Charos, remember, you are an Uzbek girl! “. These words give me strength, patience, and confidence. Because being from Uzbekistan is not just a word in a passport – it is a pride, loyalty, love and staying true your dreams.

    For me, Homeland is my parents’ prayers, my teachers’ effort, people’s smiles, and children’s laughter. Every time I hear about new achievements of my nation, I feel proud. Because every success is the result of our shred hard work.

     Today, the reform in our country and the opportunities created for youth are universities, research centers, sports complexes – all of these are chances for the younger generation. We, the youth, must live up to this privilege.

     I want to love and honor my Homeland not only with words, but with my actions. I want to make my country proud with everything I do and every idea I have. Because real patriotism is not only shouting slogans on holidays – it is living with dedication every day.

     Whenever I speak on a big stage, I feel the eyes full of pride, trust and love of my parents on me. The words, “Our daughter is our pride”, ring in my ears. This is my biggest reward and my greatest motivation.

            My Homeland – my pride

       It lives in every breath I take, every intention I make, and every dream I have. It inspires me, gives me strength, and guides me. I study, learn, and work hard to be a worthy child of my nation. Because a person who truly loves their Homeland never stops – they always move toward greatness.

Normuminova Charos Shamshoshodovna was born on August 4, 2007, in the Kashkadarya region. Along with her school studies, she finished the Children’s Music and Art school No. 15with a high diploma. She is a winner of more than 15 scholarships. She speaks four languages fluently. She has IELTS and CEFR certificates in English. She has been accepted to more than 15 international and state universities. She is a currently a bachelor’s student at Webster University in Tashkent on a full scholarship. Holder of more than 50 international awards. She was a guest on the “Fayzli kun” program on the Kashkadarya TV channel. Her articles have been published in the USA and Turkey.

In recent years, rapid urbanisation has forced governments and city planners to reconsider how cities should be designed. While some people argue that living and working in a vertical city with numerous high-rise buildings is more beneficial, others believe that a horizontal city with fewer tall structures offers a better quality of life. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my own opinion.

On the one hand, supporters of vertical cities claim that this model is a practical solution to overpopulation and limited land availability. High-rise buildings allow a large number of people to live and work within a compact area, which helps to reduce urban sprawl. As a result, essential facilities such as offices, shopping centres, and public services can be located close to residential areas, saving time and increasing productivity. Moreover, vertical cities often encourage the use of public transportation, which can alleviate traffic congestion and lower carbon emissions. From an economic standpoint, concentrating businesses in tall buildings can also stimulate innovation and collaboration by bringing professionals closer together.

On the other hand, opponents argue that horizontal cities provide a healthier and more sustainable living environment. Cities with fewer tall buildings usually have more open spaces, parks, and low-density housing, which can significantly improve residents’ physical and mental well-being. Living in such environments reduces stress levels and promotes a stronger sense of community, as people are more likely to interact with their neighbours. In addition, horizontal cities are often associated with better air quality and less noise pollution. Critics of vertical cities also point out that high-rise living may lead to social isolation and overreliance on elevators and artificial environments.

In my opinion, although horizontal cities offer a more comfortable lifestyle, vertical cities are a more realistic and efficient solution for modern urban development. Given the continuous growth of the global population and the scarcity of land in major cities, building upwards is often unavoidable. However, this does not mean that vertical cities should ignore human well-being. By integrating green spaces, recreational areas, and sustainable design into tall buildings, cities can combine efficiency with livability.

In conclusion, both vertical and horizontal cities have distinct advantages and drawbacks. While horizontal cities prioritise comfort and community, vertical cities address the urgent challenges of population density and land limitation. Ultimately, a balanced approach that incorporates the strengths of both models is the most effective way to design future cities.

I am Jalolova Charos. I was born in Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Now, I am studying at Uzbekistan State World Language University. My hobbies are reading books, playing table tennis and listening to music.

Effective Approaches to Teaching Classical Epics in General Secondary Schools

Shermamatova Kamola Azizbek qizi

Namangan State Pedagogical Institute

Master’s student (2nd stage), Uzbek Language and Literature

Tel: +998932367802

Abstract

This article provides a scientific and methodological analysis of ways to improve the process of teaching classical epics in general secondary schools. The educational, moral, and aesthetic significance of classical epics is examined, and effective pedagogical approaches—particularly competency-based and interactive methods—are highlighted. The research findings demonstrate that teaching epics in accordance with modern educational requirements contributes to the development of students’ literary thinking and independent reasoning skills.

Keywords: classical epic, literature education, effective approach, interactive methods, competency.

Main Text

In the process of teaching literature in general secondary schools, classical epics occupy a special place as artistic sources of great spiritual, educational, and aesthetic value. Epics embody the centuries-old historical experience of the people, national worldview, moral norms, and aesthetic ideals. Therefore, studying them contributes not only to the development of students’ literary knowledge but also to the formation of their moral maturity.

However, school practice shows that teaching classical epics is often accompanied by various difficulties. In particular, the complexity of archaic language elements, the abundance of figurative devices, and the extensive plot structure make it challenging for students to fully comprehend the text. As a result, in some cases, epics are studied only at the level of retelling the plot or memorization, while their ideological and artistic essence is not sufficiently revealed.

Modern educational concepts emphasize placing the learner at the center of the educational process and shaping them as an active participant. In this context, competency-based approaches, interactive methods, and integrative educational technologies play a crucial role. Especially in teaching classical epics, these approaches foster students’ independent thinking, analytical skills, and aesthetic appreciation.

The purpose of this article is to scientifically analyze effective approaches to teaching classical epics in general secondary schools, identify their advantages in the educational process, and develop practical recommendations. The research findings hold significant theoretical and practical value for literature teachers and methodologists.

A comprehensive methodological approach was employed in the study. Initially, scientific and pedagogical sources related to the topic, research on literature teaching methodology, state educational standards, and curricula were analyzed. This theoretical analysis made it possible to identify existing approaches to teaching classical epics and assess their effectiveness.

Within the framework of the empirical study, literature lessons conducted in general secondary schools were observed, and the practices of experienced teachers were examined. The use of interactive methods such as clustering, discussion, conceptual mapping, role-playing, and creative writing tasks during lessons was analyzed. The impact of these methods on students’ comprehension and analysis of texts was studied comparatively.

The competency-based approach was selected as the methodological foundation of the research. This approach aims to develop students’ ability to apply knowledge in real-life situations and serves as an effective tool for mastering the moral ideas embedded in classical epics. Observation, comparison, generalization, and analytical conclusion methods were used throughout the research process.

The research results indicate that the application of effective approaches in teaching classical epics significantly increases students’ activity during lessons. In classes organized on the basis of interactive methods, students demonstrated deeper comprehension of the text and actively engaged in character analysis. In particular, tasks aimed at identifying the characteristics of epic heroes—such as “Character Description” and “Evaluation of a Hero’s Decision”—contributed to the development of analytical thinking skills.

Through group work, students acquired skills in listening to others’ opinions, providing evidence, and drawing conclusions. Lessons conducted using a competency-based approach showed that students were able to evaluate the actions of epic characters, draw moral conclusions, and relate them to contemporary life. For example, concepts such as justice, loyalty, and patience depicted in epics were analyzed in comparison with modern life situations.

Comparative analysis revealed that in lessons dominated by traditional explanatory methods, student engagement was relatively low, whereas lessons incorporating interactive approaches demonstrated higher effectiveness in question-and-answer sessions, discussions, and creative writing tasks. This had a positive impact on knowledge retention and long-term memory.

The findings confirm the necessity of updating teaching approaches for classical epics in general secondary schools. Modern pedagogical technologies and competency-based approaches make it possible to present the complex artistic structure of epics in an accessible and engaging way. Interactive methods enhance students’ independent thinking and their ability to justify personal viewpoints. Thus, teaching epics becomes not only a means of imparting knowledge but also an effective tool for holistic personal development.

At the same time, these approaches require teachers to possess high methodological competence, apply creative lesson planning, and use modern technologies wisely. The study shows that implementing effective approaches in teaching classical epics fosters respect for and interest in national literary heritage among students. This expands the educational potential of literature as a subject and contributes to improving the quality of education.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the process of teaching classical epics in general secondary schools needs to be reconsidered in accordance with modern educational requirements. The research findings demonstrate that education based on interactive and competency-based approaches ensures students’ deep and conscious mastery of classical epic content.

Effective teaching of classical epics develops students’ literary thinking, moral worldview, and independent thinking competencies. Therefore, the widespread implementation of modern pedagogical methods in teaching epics and the enhancement of teachers’ methodological skills remain essential tasks. The conclusions of this article contribute to improving literature education in general secondary schools and to effectively transmitting classical literary heritage to the younger generation, while also serving as a theoretical foundation for future research.

The Last
Your heart tiptoed down the hall
out the door
across the street
as far as the other side of town
until the rubber band snapped
and took the rest of you
leaving a chasm in mine.

I filled it with words
first as entreaties
cried out ever so calmly
then etched onto endless pages
until the torrent ebbed
and shifted form.

One day
I realized I had written a poem
that wasn’t about us.

So this is my final for you.
One word
broken in two.

Good
bye.

Periodic Table of Emotions 

There’s a science to this chemistry of avoiding combining catalytic connections between the heart and the head. Like all good experiments, something has to blow up, spill over, or make me choke to figure out what doesn’t work. Unfortunately, while actual scientists record the results to know what to  avoid, as an artist, I tend to use a less clinical approach; the process has always been what interests  me most. Even with the dances I choreograph, once they are done, it’s being in rehearsal I remember,  not the finished work.  

So in the lab of my life, I need to go back and redo again, and again, not remembering that it isn’t the  amount of each element, but the fact that they don’t work together at all. Reminding me once again  that this combination still produces a destabilizing outcome. 

Longing and anticipation, anxiety and memory, anger and regret, self-medication and sorrow, these  opposing components do not play nicely together in any setting, controlled or otherwise. 

With compounding and identifying which interactions work well together, the balancing act is more  nuanced, but I have found that these groupings are always from the same side of the spectrum. Calm  and compassion, forgiveness and gratitude, awareness and curiosity, these always interplay quite  nicely. Mixed with the right physical response, they can produce an alchemical conversion into a state  of being that is calm, settled, almost at peace. With more subtle adjustments: a little more breathing,  a little less fear, the sweet spot of spiritual sanity is attained. Not in the past or future but finally,  gloriously, successfully in the present. 

Exhale. 

Now, where did I leave that glass of wine? 

– Janaea Rose Lyn

5 

4 

I love this rhythm. Generally subdivided as 123, 12, or 12, 123, it’s my favorite to choreograph and  drum. Dum dum dum, Tek tek. Dum dum, Tek tek tek. Or to jumpstart the clutch of my heart when it’s faltering. Boom boom boom, Bap bap. Boom boom, Bap bap bap.  

Five is the number of wounded themes I have identified, where the best and worst of my impulses  reside. It is the count of the primary pillars that inform my life. And let’s not forget the senses. Each  has a primary pattern that is daily re-interpreted with subdivisions, changing accents, and  syncopation, as I phrase the structured improvisation that is my life: 

Belonging attention care, Trust guidance 

Love service, Art beauty abundance 

Sight sound smell, Taste touch 

The first are my recent areas of intense scrutiny. What I didn’t get, what I long for, what I gave to a fault,  what informed my behaviors, and where I attached the conviction that no longer serves me. Protective  armor has its place, for a time. Defenseless, I have no choice but to give these to myself. The  necessary cliché of healing my inner child so the adult me is integrated, interacting with intention and no longer in reaction. The work at hand. 

Following are what nourish me, and each other. Soul food. 

The last are trickier. Blinders finally off, the view is expansive, but the glare of seeing what is actually in  front of me often requires a hat, something I never wore before. The volume of the voices in my head is louder, too. I lost my olfactory sense for a time, which has always been dominant for me, so it was  disorienting to say the least. The day of the shock, it came back full force. It turns out I also needed  some pharmaceutical assistance, so it’s now safely restored to the pantheon of pleasures. The final  two can leave me aching, so I try not to focus on them as much since you’ve gone. I can enjoy eating  and drinking again, but that’s not the flavor I miss. When we do see each other, I look forward to our  parting hug, brief kiss of care, and the sensation of your scent landing lightly on my skin.  

– Janaea Rose Lyn

Room to Move 

Gravity, physics, and physical abilities notwithstanding, the primary partner in my dancing life was  space. Moving in and through it, changing levels and planes, staying in place or inverting perspective,  all of this expanded my expressiveness. Space is tangible. It has weight and viscosity. It’s more  obvious when it duets with water or temperature and can be felt as humidity or an icy chill, but it  shimmers all the time. Pay attention, and you’ll see.  

Now I am navigating a whole other relationship to spaciousness, interiority. My head and heart  growing to make room for a different kind of locomotion. I have always worked on my inner self, but as  with training my outer self, neither produced outcomes as quickly as hoped. With time, the results  were evident in both areas. I have many decades of practice under my belt. 

Unencumbered by the grueling demands of the life I once lived, I find I am working harder than I ever  have. My daily spiritual practice takes as long as a New York City technique class once did. Once  completed, I am not sweating on the outside but equally as exhilarated within. Filled with insights,  understanding, and shifting perceptions, I may look the same to others, but invisibly, I am more  gracious and accepting. I am less encumbered by my psychology, and am learning how to get, and  stay, out of my old ways. I no longer get as easily ensnared in the drama of others.  

I have blood memory and bone density, even if my flesh is a little more wrinkled. I often get  compliments on my long, salt and pepper mermaid hair. You have to earn that, and I can live  underwater now. I can breathe in both worlds. The vastness of emptiness is not terrifying anymore  because I have found that when I fall, I can also grow wings. I have met divine mentors and  apprenticed myself. I was always a serious student, though to my chagrin, not always a quick learner. 

Like the air that surrounded me onstage, unseen by the audience but charged nonetheless, I am a  lone but no longer alone.  

I’m in good company. 

– Janaea Rose Lyn

See Through 

Where stone and pillar held firm and formidable, diagonal canyons of air and light form transient  shadow and shape. 

Strange how echoes become visible when belonging to either side. 

Confessions and fervent prayers drift past in full view, no longer needing to seep through cracks to escape.  

Bored eyerolls and questionable gestures intended for childhood crushes across a pew look lost, eternally seeking a response no longer forthcoming. 

The curious daughter of the tree out back  

climbed as the perfect perch 

to hold hands, steal a kiss, 

has entered as a congregant of trunk and branch. 

Deeply exquisite is this state of exposure. 

Nothing ruined, only revealed. 

Centuries of lives that cobbled these stones with their stories, only to find their place with one. At their head. 

Sun replacing stained glass becomes the window witness. 

 – Janaea Rose Lyn 

Photo: All Hallows House, Alison Butler (2023) 

5 micropoems  

1

air without money

2

weight of conscience

3

chocolate santa

ruined christmas

4

xxx

5

language virus