Christopher Bernard reviews Cal Performances’ The 4th Witch

Stylized art scene of a young girl with dark curly hair casting a long shadow on a red pathway in a dark wood with a line of barren trees and dark ground.

Cal Performances presents The 4th Witch, November 22, 2025 at Zellerbach Hall

(credit: Courtesy of Manual Cinema)

Witching Hour

The 4th Witch

Manual Cinema

Zellerbach Hall

University of California, Berkeley

Reviewed by Christopher Bernard

For (frustratingly) one lonely, tantalizing performance, Cal Performances, in co-commission and as part of its “Illuminations: Exile and Sanctuary” series, brought the bright good witches of Chicago’s Manual Cinema on a recent Saturday evening for a brew of witchery and magic that they, and they alone, are (in this apprentice wizard’s experience, anyway) uniquely qualified to provide. 

I say frustratingly because I can’t understand how this company’s brilliant toilers, who spent a year creating a compact music-filled masterpiece of puppetry, handicraft, cinema and wonder, can’t have been given a full weekend among us: the hall was packed, riveted to marvels of stagecraft and story-telling, without a pixel or a bow to “slop” in sight, and few left for the fascinated Q&A that followed. When something this fine, brave, and wondrous blazes across the Bay Area’s sky like a comet blithely visiting from a neighboring universe, one can hardly settle for a single, dazzling show – no!

It’s not as if the company were new here and on probation: they brought us a scintillating Ada/Ava in the millennium before Covid (circa 2017, to be precise). The 4th Witch is even finer, and marks one of the peaks in Bay Area performance since then. For those new to Manual Cinema, a brief description may be in order. The creative heart of the company is given to inventing live performances of puppetry, hand-crafted backgrounds, body prostheses, and props and the techniques of shadow plays projected onto large screens and accompanied by live music.

One of the most intriguing aspects of the performance is that, rather than seeing only the end result onscreen, we also see, in the background onstage, the combined actions of actors, puppets, prop managers, projectors, and musicians as they bring the final result about. It’s a bit like a combination of Bunraku puppeteering and an open kitchen at a small five-star restaurant. Far from undermining the magic, it paradoxically makes the end result seem like pure alchemy, as the mind is cast into the liminal space between the quotidian reality and the magical effect. The result is a profoundly poetic form of animation that has the high-wire thrills of live performance.  

The premise of Saturday’s show is as beautiful in its simplicity as it is timely without being brow-beating. As described by one of the members in the Q&A, they took a page from Tom Stoppard’s famous play from the 1960s, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, which retells the story of Hamlet through the eyes of his half-clueless, half-traitorous school fellows, and reimagined another famous play by the Bard – in this case, Macbeth , though, in keeping with sacred theatrical tradition, the tragedy is referred to onstage only as “the Scottish play”– from the point of view of one of the Thane of Cawdor’s victims. 

The story is updated to an imaginary, mid-twentieth-century war in a French-speaking country, and the victim is a young girl whose parents run a little restaurant in a town piled up a steep, isolated hill, much like Mont-Saint-Michel on the Normandy coast of France. The girl’s parents are killed in a raid by Macbeth’s air force. The town is left in ruins, and she runs away after a futile attempt to bring down the mocking, glow-eyed, gas-masked, Darth Vader-like Macbeth by striking him with her stuffed bunny rabbit, her sole possession saved from the wreckage of her home. 

Lost in  the surrounding forest, wandering for days, reduced to hunger and rags, she discovers a mysterious house, where she is met by a sinister old woman who takes her in and sets her to work. The old lady turns out, naturally, to be a witch – indeed, she is one of three, magically embodied in the one, who have a mysterious relation to Macbeth and his powers, a relation that shall not be revealed here, for those seeking spoilers. After the girl, taking a sip of a spell-casting soup, has a sorcerer’s apprentice moment in the witch’s kitchen, the old one decides to teach her witches’ ways – a fourth to add to the three.

And the powers in magic that the girl gains – black as the night, from making magic potions from mushrooms of the forest, to night flying on broomsticks, to commanding daggers to fly to the hearts of their victims – feed the dreams she cultivates of revenge against the murderer of her parents. We’ll leave it at that.

Whoever knows “the Scottish play” can guess much, but not everything: not how famous elements of the play – from floating daggers to the bitter washing of hands, from the assassinations of kings to the executions of assassins – are mixed and blended, with imagination and wit, nor how the amalgam of the imaginary, the remembered, and the hoped for is finally annealed into a satisfying whole – a Gesamtkunstwerk (forgive my German) held light and bright, from acting as rich as a puppet’s to puppetry as nuanced as a great actor’s, to potently low-tech sound design and music from a trio of instrumentalists seconding as vocalists, to world-creating as lyrical and witty as it is suggestive of its own self-contained universe.

Play on, Manual Cinema! And blessed be those Who bring ye back for more than one more show!

Christopher Bernard is an award-winning poet, novelist, playwright, and essayist. His most recent book is The Beauty of Matter: A Pagan’s Verses for a Mystic Idler. 2025 is the twentieth anniversary of the publication of his celebrated debut novel, A Spy in the Ruins.

Synchronized Chaos Mid-November 2025 Issue: Throughlines

Welcome to November’s second issue of Synchronized Chaos Magazine! This month’s issue, Throughlines, contains a wide variety of submissions in a diverse array of styles on many different topics.

That said, there are a few common narrative motifs that emerge and return throughout this issue: pride in and reclaiming of culture, family, parental, and romantic love, artistic craft and creativity, and resilience and determination to achieve one’s dreams.

A few cars making their way down a curve in a country road near green grassy hills and trees and telephone poles.
Image c/o Ken Kistler

Olga Levadnaya reflects on how people build new memories and add to the fabric of history in elegant and old cities. Dr. Reda Abdel-Rahim highlights the wonder of the Great Egyptian Museum to showcase history and archaeology. Maftuna Rustamova regales us with her pride in her national Uzbek flag.

We can celebrate and take joy in cultures other than our own. Tourist Anna Keiko poetizes with grace and warmth on the beauty she finds in French society and culture. Maftuna Davlatova traces the development of tourism as an industry in Uzbekistan. Solijonova Dildorakhon outlines methods to improve the service and efficacy of Uzbekistan’s tourism industry.

Jacques Fleury reviews the Boston Center for the Arts’ production of Kim’s Convenience, a play about a Korean immigrant family’s convenience store that speaks to what it means to become a family and how that meaning changes over time.

Rustamova Shakhnoza’s poignant stories celebrate patience, dedication, and intergenerational family love. James Whitehead embraces his American girlfriend while contemplating American vintage art. Izabela Zubko plays in her poetry with love and memory. Royal Rhodes speaks in a reserved, thoughtful manner about memory and nostalgia: trick-or-treating, aging photos and furniture, notable storms.

Nozanin Bahodirova links the Uzbek language and the Uzbek culture, advocating the preservation of both. Zarina Murodova discusses possible roles for technology in language learning. Sevinch Hoshimova outlines advantages and disadvantages of online education and advocates for a balance between screens and traditional classrooms. Tuchiyeva Dilso’z discusses the emerging role of AI technology in student learning. Rayhona Nurdinjonova discusses potential roles for artificial intelligence in foreign language instruction. Kamolova Mashhura compares the possibilities and drawbacks of digital and in-person learning. Sotivoldiyeva Nargiza Shokirjon traces the effects of increased global migration and communications technologies on the field of linguistics. G’ulomova Rukhshona outlines evidence-based teaching methodologies for primary school students to learn their native languages.

Stylized image of a pink human brain surrounded by light blue spheres on a dark blue background, overlaid with light blue ones and zeroes (binary code)
Image c/o Gerd Altmann

Nurmetova Orzu points out the importance of and methods for teaching young children their native language. Dildora Saidjonova explores various methods to learn foreign languages. Khasanova Azizabonu highlights the presence of similar cognate words in English and Uzbek. Maftuna Hayitboyeva outlines the importance of grammar instruction in many different theories of language learning. G’afforova Hadichaxon highlights insights from philosophy that can inform and enhance language learning classrooms. Isaac Aju pays tribute to a special teacher who inspired his studies. Sobirjonova Rayhona pays tribute to a special teacher who possessed compassion and dedication. Jumanazarova Zuxra outlines fresh strategies for teaching language to young children.

Oynur Azimova speaks to the power of literature to inspire emotional resonance and creativity. Faleeha Hassan suggests ways to get beyond initial disinterest to find meaning in seemingly boring novels.

Horror writer Kandy Fontaine puts forth an artist’s manifesto about the complex female characters she creates and how that sets her apart from other writers. Alan Catlin contributes sketches of the soft and vulnerable underbelly of life: refugees, the homeless, bioluminescence, long-disused lighthouses, birds of prey without enough food. Luis Fernando Quiroz captures a witch at the very moment when her powers are interrupted at the break of dawn, revealing character while capturing a bit about the limits of anyone’s power in the face of a complex and cyclical world.

Shahina Olimova honors the poetic legacy of Uzbek writer Alexander Feinberg, who captured the national character and became internationally known. Odina Bahodirova also pays tribute to the legacy of Uzbek poet Alexander Feinberg: his attention to details of craft, his integration of feeling and form, his capturing of ordinary Uzbek life. Journalist Jakhongir Nomozov interviews Azerbaijani writer and academic Vuqar Akhmed about how childhood, patriotism, classic literature, and the methods of scientific research all inspire his own work and that of many other modern Azeri writers. Choriyeva Oynur celebrates the poetic heritage of Uzbek writer Zulfiya Isroilov and the tenderness and beauty of her work.

Abdukahhorova Gulhayo honors the tender spirit of Otkir Hoshimov’s The Works of the World, a collection of short stories about mothers. Zarina O’rinboyeva highlights the perseverance and accomplishments of a young and hardworking Uzbek girl and her caring mother. Hassan Musa Dakasku celebrates a mother’s love and kindness. Fiza Amir’s short story evokes the joy and wonder of maternal love and early childhood. Hassan Musa Dakasku celebrates a mother’s love and kindness. Shokhida Nazirova highlights the psychological and physical health benefits of breastfeeding for parents and infants. Abdukakhorova Gulhayo highlights Islamic teachings about respect for parents.

Image of two adults and three children walking near a lake and trees at sunset or sunrise. Pink and purple clouds, people are silhouetted.
Image c/o Kai Stachowiak

Brajesh Kumar Gupta’s poem reaffirms a lasting love, even in tough times. Mesfakus Salahin revels in the beauty and tenderness of springtime love.

Moustapha Misau’s poetry celebrates romantic love, before and after death. James Tian urges us to love and bless and care for the living while we still have them with us. Tea Russo’s piece highlights the absence of a family member by showing us various unusual things and people included during a time of grief. Taylor Dibbert reflects on how he still misses his beloved dog London. Jelvin Gipson depicts a woman’s internal sorrow over a heartbreak.

Turkan Ergor reflects on how nothing lasts forever, a lesson illustrated in nature. Christina Chin’s haiku dramatize how nature continually changes: someone’s always moving, being born, or dying. Mahbub Alam revels in the beauty of nature, in the elegance of snails in a slough. Dessy Tsvetkova revels in going outdoors on a brilliant sunny day. Aura Echeverri Uribe laments the environmental destruction of a natural mountain landscape. Dildora Xojyozova discusses the growing consciousness of tourists about traveling to scenic areas in ways that respect and protect nature. Yangibiyeva Iroda emphasizes the need for student and public education on environmental protection. Brian Barbeito reflects on the state of peace he finds as a hiker in deserted brown fall marshlands. Sayani Mukherjee recollects the many sights and sounds of a grove of trees near the ocean.

Bill Tope’s feline narrator, Felix, chronicles his life and times with his favorite ‘two-leggers.’ Maria Cecilia Mazza describes the beginning of another cross-species emotional connection, between a human and a robot. Eva Petropoulou Lianou encourages us to preserve the core of what makes us human as artificial intelligence begins to take over human activities: love, friendship, and hope.

Adrina Esparas-Hope explores the multifaceted nature of the metaphorical human heart. Rus Khomutoff brings us to a state of ecstasy that just elides reason. Stykes Wildee incorporates a fresh and wild sound into his rock compositions. Mark Young’s artistry blends the carefully controlled and the wild and vast.

Abstract image of various colors, pink, magenta, orange, blue, light blue, yellow, in paint snatches overlaid with black musical notes.
Image c/o Linnaea Mallette

Harry Stammer plays with traditional format, assembling his work from an assortment of scrap punctuation and gathered semiotics. Patrick Sweeney regales us with morsels of short-form that inspire us to imagine a scene or mood. Ari Nystrom-Rice serenades us with a rollicking wave of party sound. Darren Demaree contributes a bit of whimsy to his Dickinson-esque poems for his wife Emily. Jim Meirose presents a hodgepodge of radio signal and static as sports players stop for a bit to listen.

Duane Vorhees poetizes in a longer format on history, mythology, and sensuality with a touch of whimsy. Tanisha Keefe describes various aspects of human relationships and love: steady friendship, recovery after abuse and loss, self-love and self-respect. Kassandra Aguilera steps out of the circus of a failed relationship that never materialized into what she hoped.

Eleanor Hill’s piece provides a dark and visceral take on Cinderella, illustrating stepping into a glass slipper that doesn’t fit. Daniela Chourio-Soto renders subjugation, repression, isolation, and immobilization into intense physical experiences. Nicholas Gunther describes a state of stasis, mental purgatory. J.J. Campbell brings his brand of wry sadness, humor, and resignation for a fresh set of poems. Habiba Malumfashi’s poetry explores how home can both welcome and embrace and trap and imprison. Khadija Ismail spotlights the pain many women endure due to intimate partner violence and urges us not to excuse it because of religion or culture. Bill Tope’s poem dramatizes the pain of sexual abuse survivors in a world denying them agency.

Dr. Jernail S. Anand highlights the value of compassionate and ethical living, causing no harm to self or others, as opposed to simple rule following. Perwaiz Shaharyar puts forth a plea to the world’s leaders to choose peace. Dr. Ashok Kumar calls for peace, unity, and oneness among humanity. Rand Morsy calls the world and humanity to peace. Andres Loriente acknowledges the unity of the world’s people, how we are more alike due to common experiences than we are different because of race. Dianne Reeves Angel’s short story illuminates how she began to understand and oppose the injustices in South Africa while in the country making what was going to be a glamorous film.

Najmiddinova Shahinabonu encourages us to pursue virtues such as perseverance, resilience, and family love, even more than we strive for riches. Luz Myriam Moreno Puerta speaks to overcoming rejection with perseverance. Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna speculates on the psychology behind why we remember negative experiences more so than positive ones and encourages us to strive for mental and emotional balance. Wansoo Kim sends up poems of personal, social, and natural hope and renewal.

Robot with a full metal body holding a daisy in a rocky desert landscape during a purple sunset or sunrise.
Image c/o Kai Stachowiak

Zikrillo Latipov’s short story highlights the value of our hopes and dreams. Bekturdiyeva Nargizabonu emphasizes the importance of youth to society and therefore, the responsibilities of young people to learn and contribute. Aisha MLabo reflects on the inner drive and energy in the heart of a young person. Guzliebo Matniyozova rededicates herself to self-discipline and self-improvement as a writer and a student. Dilnoza Rakhimova celebrates her personal journey towards academic and professional success. Amonboyeva Shahnoza Yusupboy speaks to how one can build lifelong character through the habits one develops as a student. Dildora Toshtemirova urges people to have perseverance in pursuing their dreams.

Omonova Shakhzoda considers how extracurricular activities shape student leaders. Priyanka Neogi celebrates the many women joining the ranks of cricket players. Nidia Garcia speaks to an artistic partnership between a musician and her violin.

Z.I. Mahmud highlights the artistry of older American cinema, some iconic acting performances in particular. Actor and critic Federico Wardal spotlights the movie in which he most recently appears, Anita, which is being shown in San Francisco and receiving the Italian Courage for Freedom film award.

Film is one form of human creative endeavor, and there are many more we celebrate in this issue. Sotvoldiyeva Muslima affirms the crucial nature of the rule of law to a civilized society. Odilova Odinakhon discusses the need for lawyers to receive continuing education. Aziza Toshpo’latova goes in depth about the roles and responsibilities of translators and proposes ways to strengthen the field. Emran Emon presents himself to the world as a qualified international journalist. Boboqulova Durdona presents technical solutions for improving the efficiency of the electrical grid in Uzbekistan. Nordona Norqulova outlines problems with and suggests solutions for the administration of Uzbek public institutions.

Our knowledge can enhance our capacities for protection and wisdom as well as for expansive creation. Baxronova Vasila urges moderation in prescription of antibiotics to children. Nurboboyeva Dilshoda’s essay highlights strategies to intervene and lessen the risk of youth suicide in our age of social media. Nazirova Madinakhon outlines strategies for protecting our digital data from online miscreants.

Old rusty metal lock on a wooden door, close up.
Image c/o Anonymous User

We hope this issue will serve as a guard against the dangers of boredom, alienation, loneliness, and lack of inspiration. Please enjoy our pages!

Journalist Jakhongir Nomozov interviews Vuqar Akhmed

SCIENCE REQUIRES OBJECTIVITY, PRECISION, AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY

Older middle ages Central Asian man in a dark blue coat over a light blue collared shirt reading a book.

Today’s interlocutor is Doctor of Philology, Professor, People’s Poet of Turan, Academician of the International Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Press History and Journalism at the Nizami Ganjavi Institute of Literature, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, laureate of numerous international awards, distinguished literary scholar, well-known poet and publicist, and a member of the Azerbaijan Writers’ and Journalists’ Union, Vuqar Akhmed.

Childhood is the happiest and purest season of our lives. All future dreams start in childhood. So let’s begin our conversation from your childhood…

— I always remember my childhood with particular reverence. Childhood is the first stage of a person’s emotional world and imagination; it is the first school where the soul is formed. The desires, fears, and simple joys that arise there form the foundation of future creativity and perception of the world. That is why it is appropriate to begin our conversation from my childhood — both my poetic and scientific interests can be traced back to that period.

Childhood dreams come to mind, My mischief and playful charms. Crying and laughing, Being upset with adults over anything.***It was full of sweets, I would wear gloves when it snowed. The last night of childhood was beautiful, It was a mugham, a ghazal for me.***Childhood dreams come to mind, Frightful winter tales, Little gifts in Novruz trays, The boys and girls of those years.

My first freedom ran and hid, In hide-and-seek my joy was plenty, The taste of sweet tea and salty bread, I still recall the delight of my first appetite.***We were very happy, lucky then, I never thought of the beginning or the end. Childhood dreams remain in my memory, And there was a child named Vuqar.—

Your poems and songs are full of delicate emotions. For you, what is the greatest source of inspiration — people, nature, love, or history?

— The sources of inspiration are diverse. For me, the strongest is the human being themselves — their inner world and love. Yet, the memory of the people, national spirit, and history also give poetry a rich context. Nature can sometimes be a simple metaphor or sometimes a profound silence for the soul. Inspiration cannot be tied to a single source — these elements complement each other and synthesize in poetry.— The true value of a human life is not measured by the years lived but by what one creates and the impact left on others’ hearts.

Have you ever asked yourself how you have lived your life so far?

I always carry such questions with me. I measure the value of life not by the number of years, but by the significance of the marks left. Science, teaching, literature, and family — these are activities that become history for me.— Some people want to possess everything, as if their life were enough to claim it all.

To what extent have you been able to cherish and use the blessings and opportunities given to you?

Opportunities have never been perfect, but I have tried to make the most of what was given: scientific research, publications, journalistic activity, and poetry. Particularly, I have worked in the fields of children’s literature, press history, and the topics of Southern Azerbaijan and Karabakh, achieving certain results. I consider this work a duty and a responsibility to preserve the national spirit.

To live with science requires patience, because it destroys illusions that cannot be restored. Especially, living in accordance with science is very challenging. In your opinion, what responsibilities does carrying the burden of science entail?

Science demands objectivity, precision, and ethical responsibility. It also carries a social responsibility: acquired knowledge must be shared with society and the younger generation. Patience, humility, and consistent professionalism are essential on this path.

What conclusions have you drawn from your scientific work on children’s literature? How does children’s literature contribute to forming the national spirit?

Children’s literature is a key factor influencing the early development of the national spirit. The first images, values, language, and stories given to children lay the foundation of their national consciousness. My research also shows that children’s literature is a strategic field for transmitting language, cultural values, and historical memory, which is why it deserves special attention.

You also conduct scientific work in journalism and press history. How responsible or dangerous do you consider modern journalism compared to classical journalism?

Classical journalism ideally emphasizes responsibility and objectivity. Modern journalism, however, faces rapid information flow, commercial pressures, and short-term sensationalism. These changes may sometimes weaken responsibility and lower content quality. Nevertheless, professional and ethical media still uphold classical journalism principles.

At the Nizami Ganjavi Institute of Literature, the Department of Press History and Journalism, which I lead, has achieved significant success in researching national press history and producing new scientific results. One of our achievements is the first publication of the Molla Nasreddin Encyclopedia under the leadership of academician Isa Khabibbeyli.

What needs of society does poetry satisfy today — spiritual consolation, social struggle, philosophical inquiry, or personal expression?

Poetry meets various needs: it can provide spiritual comfort, voice social-political arguments, raise philosophical questions, and express personal emotions. Each era’s poetry highlights one or several of these functions depending on its context. The most effective poem is one that resonates within the reader and stimulates thought.— In the history of Azerbaijani poetry, there are geniuses like Nizami, Khagani, and Fuzuli.

How do modern poets use their legacy? Do they study it sufficiently?

Learning from the great classics is essential — their aesthetic, philosophical, and linguistic capacities provide rich resources for contemporary poetry. Many modern Azerbaijani poets draw from this legacy, yet it requires both deep study and creative transformation. In my observation, deep analysis of the classics remains relevant, and many approach this legacy with new layers of meaning.

— Today’s Azerbaijani poetry: Rainy is my winter, my spring,My stringed saz plays a sorrowful tune,It is my soul, my dear flag.Both smiling and crying,Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan.We are Majnun, she is Leyli,We poured love into her, freely,Both from the North and South,Karabakh’s hair turned gray,Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan.Flying high, flying high,I travel the road to Savalan,Praying to the Creator.I say to my Tabriz: “Life!”Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan.Wounded in wars,Ripped apart its lands,Divided into two.When will it be united again?Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan.Sixty million compatriots,Our Azer-Turk brothers,Separated, our tears remain.God above, Quran on Earth,Victory, Azerbaijan.

Your poems convey spiritual quest and inner elevation. How do Sufis like Rumi, Shams Tabrizi, Nasimi, and Yassavi influence your worldview?

The spiritual search, inner purification, and ideas of compassion from Sufis have shaped my worldview. Their symbolic language and spiritual quest appear in my poetry as metaphorical layers. For me, the most valuable aspect of Sufism is its emphasis on individual responsibility and the elevation of morality.

You have participated in international scientific journals and congresses. How is Azerbaijani poetry perceived in the context of global literature?

Azerbaijani poetry is increasingly recognized in international forums — especially for contemporary topics, national motifs, and translations. Based on my experience in congresses and journals, Azerbaijani poetry is recognized for its unique voice and attracts attention abroad.— Works that provide pleasure, spiritual nourishment, and invite reflection on life and the human soul are rare today.

How do 20th–21st century Azerbaijani poetry and prose differ?

The 20th–21st centuries demanded flexible literary forms due to national liberation, social, and ideological upheavals; the 21st century provides a more magical and multifaceted expression within globalization, new media, and individual freedom. In prose, the transition from realist and modernist traditions to postmodern and experimental techniques is evident. In both eras, the dialogue between content and form enriches the literary language.

Are works being created today that will endure in eternity?

Yes. Works that reflect deep human issues, the spirit of the times, and original aesthetic search are created in every era. Both form and content must hold value for literature to endure.— Writing about masters is both easy and difficult. Easy because you know their creative path and friends well.

Could you share your thoughts on your mentors and their place in your creative and life journey?

My mentors include both classical and contemporary scholars and poets. Their lessons, critiques, and personal guidance have taught me scientific methodology and poetic taste. Each mentor has left an imprint on my creative and pedagogical work, enriching my worldview.— As A. Krylov said: “A critic shows the flaw with one hand and crowns the beauty with the other, refining taste.”

As a professor and poet, what criteria do you rely on when analyzing and critiquing a work?

Firstly, I consider the text’s aesthetic quality, linguistic accuracy, and conceptual coherence. Then context: the author’s intent, historical-cultural background, and genre conventions. Critique must be constructive and objective — the aim is not to destroy the work but to reveal its potential. Academic requirements, sources, and fact-checking are also essential.

Young Central Asian man in a white collared shirt reading a book.

Jakhongir NOMOZOV, is a young poet and journalist from Uzbekistan.  He is also a Member of the Union of Journalists of Azerbaijan and the World Young Turkic Writers Union.

Short story from Dr. Jernail S. Anand

Older South Asian man with a beard, a deep burgundy turban, coat and suit and reading glasses and red bowtie seated in a chair.
Dr. Jernail S. Anand

THE NEXT DATE

Dr. Jernail Singh Anand

After spending a life time in the company of Babas, who always preached against alcohol and bad habits, [don’t ask me whether they themselves acted on their own advice or not], and serving in the ‘deras’ [holy places] for a lifetime, I remember how I impressed some other people also, by telling them some inflated truths [truth if inflated is also an untruth], so that when they joined, and became followers of the Baba, the Baba then conferred on me the title of a Group Leader [Chhote Sahib]. There were thousands of Chhote Sahibs, who were working for the Baba.

There may have been many things going amiss, but I was lucky I did not see anything. And as a result, I had a peaceful death, and after serving the Baba and the people, I was sure God will house me in a special cell in Heaven. On reaching the assembly waiting for the judgement, with Dharamraja listening to each one’s historic deeds on earth, I found they paid no attention to my titles. But I was sure to be admitted to Heaven on the basis of my hard work, and sincere followship of the Baba.

When my turn came, they handed over to me a charge sheet, and I was asked to reply in six months. During those six months, I was to stay in the Over Lap, a newly designed place where all good and bad people were made to stay. The charges shocked me. I was quizzed for every good thing that I had done on the earth under the influence of the Baba, whom I revered as my Guru. Every person had a different charge sheet. I had a fast look at the end of the list where they had mentioned that I was 90 percent eligible to enter Hell.

You were expected to do good, and believe in simply joys, and live in innocence. Why you joined this band of idlers? Remembering God is no job in itself. On the earth, you were expected to do some good work for your family and the society. You wasted your time in the service of the Baba who is already on our hit-list. All the work you did in the name of ‘Sewa’ [service] was miscarried. You told lies to unsuspecting people and forced them into the servility  of your master. You told deliberate lies. It is unpardonable. You say you have done ‘simran’ of God every day in the morning and evening.

Chanting God’s name, without following holy edicts, is a waste of time. God does not believe in such practices which are hollow. You have been running round and round your self styled demigod. There are millions like you wasting their time around these gods. The sewa [service] that you are doing is useless if you do not understand the fundamental issues. The fundamental issue is your innocence. You work for yourself, but at the same time, make sure, your work helps the society, and it does not harm others in any way. If you are aware of it, and act accordingly, you do not need such godmen.

You also do not need to read any holy books or even to recite the name of God, if you remember one thing: to be innocent. Regarding lots of deprivations imposed arbitrarily by these Babas, you are better advised to follow your wishes. If you want to eat non-vegetarian food, or drink alcohol, if you take tobacco and enjoy smoking, if you enjoy bar dances, we have no problem so long as you do not cause any harm to society, your family and even to yourself. There is no sin, no crime if you can feel happy the way you want to live.

We have given you this beautiful body. A beautiful mind. A beautiful family. And a wonderful society of men, women, and a life in which there are huge reserves of vegetation, animals, beasts and birds. It is meant for your enjoyment. Only beware of of Knowledge. It is the gift of Satan to Adam and Eve. Knowledge alone is not enough. It is wisdom which tells you to act when, how, why and when not. What should not be done, is as much your duty, as what should be done.

We give you six months to learn, realize and accept what we want from you. Dharamraja then said, give him the next date after six months. 

Dr. Jernail Singh Anand, with an opus of 180 plus books, is Laureate of the Seneca, Charter of Morava, Franz Kafka and Maxim Gorky awards.  His name adorns the Poets’ Rock in Serbia. Anand is a towering literary figure whose work embodies a rare fusion of creativity, intellect, and moral vision.

Poetry from Bill Tope

Footprints in the Sand

Her name was Gilreath

and she was fifteen

years old.

She was not ready

to start a family, to

carry the issue of her

abusive stepfather

to term.

She wanted nurturing

parents and friends

and love.

Two wrongs don’t

make a right,

she was told.

Then why are you

abusing me twice?

she asked.

There were wet

prints in the

sand to show

where the girl

stood

before she

plunged to her

death

from the precipice.

Poetry from Duane Vorhees

ONCE, I WORE A DELICIOUS FACE

Deltas don’t forget distant headwaters.

The bare winter branch no longer flowers.

The butterflies of my youth

have matured into maggots.

That which was garden

has transformed by time’s arson;

the glowing bud, the smoldering rose

have become like pollen ash.

To harvest the remaining me

you pearlers must dive deep.

THE RIDDLED UNRIDDLING

Our togethered time was

antic —

anticipation of futured frolic is keen.

Not knowing how becoming comes,

we remained riddlesome.

What wealthy beggars we were!

As innocence succumbed to weariness,

our fountains – they limited;

our foundations – eliminated.

Your footprints faded. I no longer heard your call.

High above all heights,

tiny rags of cloud still cling to sky’s naked skin.

Afterwardness knits,

or tears,

pastward threads.

THROWN

I’m being thrown,

knocked into next Wednesday,

but all my bones

are boxed up like hens’ eggs.

In my young nest

I dreamed of being bird.

Dreams cannot last

against this cruel, hard world.

I was plucked and packaged

and sold in market aisles.

I’m a javelin

but not a boomerang,

a-hovering

in the air like a hanged

man. I’ve lost my grounding,

my home is in the sky.

I’m being thrown,

knocked into next Wednesday,

but all my bones

are boxed up like hens’ eggs.

LIBIDO THEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE THEORY

Time was still new

in the cooling cosmic stew,

and the immortal prepubescent

was still learning omniscience.

After establishing The Environments

God granted Himself a day of rest.

But, already bored with nascent existence,

He remained experimentally restless.

And so the Creator became the Render

and divided humanity into genders.

But His novel dirt-and-rib mixture

was still a static creature.

And the world still lacked tension,

drama, and dynamic evolution.

So, in order to bestir the universe,

God manifested as serpent.

The event was mankind’s catalyst

for stress, embarrassment, and sex.

And while the snake did shed and shed and shed

God, changeless, new-knowing, stayed frustrated.

Though lacking yet any human ego

God sought to assimilate libido.

The divine adolescent jonahed a whale.

But the erotic projection failed:

the prophet was one the whale couldn’t stomach.

And soon time exhausted the Tanakh.

And divine anxiety became more urgent.

How could God continue as virgin?

Then God knew Mary and begat himself as Son.

And that’s how God finally became human.

WE WITHIN HE WHEELS: DALIT

At the temple festival the tables went hummming under the cabbage, rice, and melons. The summer sun waning. The baldbearded helium balloons dancing grandly among nubile paper lanterns, buddhas bronze/rotund. Ah, the season it was of Experience Superior — the feelings of love and the perceived reciprocity of love, when, past all balance and sense and generational propriety, exuberant amidst the consuming and consumed, we two, lanternballoon-alike, food and Buddha commingled, music and the truth congealed.

That’s why your paradox didn’t register at the time.

And the Children happy as tadpoles aswim in father’s river. And the Children pampered like feathers adrift in mama’s balloon.

Now my beauty  r  e  a  c  h  e  s    o  u  t  In search of your moist and hidden cottage. (Remember the crisp sunflowers asmoke unkempt against the steep&damp scampismelly dirt path. Recall the rose-of-sharon labyrinth oft-credited –before and since — as the soul’s taoWay, eelslick & serpent straight, into the nirvanic heart of notUnbeing.) Your thatched and pointed little house — it’s not where last I fingered its locks. The knobs now I’m told are handled some other way.

But even so, blind and blind, my beauty reaches out

reaches                              out

my blind beauty reaches

                              Out into cold and empty vacuum.

And the Children pampered like feathers adrift in mama’s balloon, and the Children dappled in shadow ajoy in haughty first light.

Your holy mantra for the season: Iloveyou can’t love you. And the rutting neophyte at your knees picked at the koan’s echoed contradictions. I angled it in the light, squinting along its crosshairs, but the scope just would not focus. Flash powder applied, I tried to freeze it in its frame. But the quiver could never quite gel. Dusted for prints, but no proper whorl ever emerged to point its finger conclusively. “I love you can’t love you.” I parsed the riddle into phonemic meaninglessness but the significance never decoded.

Affixed onto the acrylic stage for minutest examination, clarity persistently remained at yet one remove. Until Enlightenment came at last, slowly in a rush. I’d always known you’d go, of course, but not so suddenly. And not so soon. The painful puzzle pieces shuttered into place. And the Children dappled in shadow ajjoy in haughty first light, and the Children, dapper as bluejays, agreed in bawdy verdure. I love you can’t love you. Clause the first personal, in classic equipoise with clause two cultural. Subject-clause by predicate controlled, the halving twins yining and yanging about, plusandminus all at once. The treasured self, forbidden/desired, embraced/abhorred.

(My fellow amthropologists, take careful note: her heart’s harsh judgment was conditioned by decades and millennia of micromacroforming. Metaphorically speaking, as such, I am the incest taboo. In those society eyes, I’m the catamite in the homophobic gym, the nigger in the genepool, the sheep in the unbleating humanfold. In objective terms, and all in econocultural context of course, her loving me was always te equivalent of fucking the corpse.)

And the Children, dapper as bluejays agreed in bawdy verdure, and all us Children vampiric taters in God’s root cellar.

But the mantramoth, addicted, tethered herself to the tortured flame. The cycle doomed to turn and flutter, return and flutter, and flutter away. Return again, again away, covering and recovering the same old ground, rut after rut after rut again.

And koan’s mystery deepens.

But the Children happy as tadpoles.

Essay from Jumanazarova Zuxra

Central Asian young woman with long straight dark hair, brown eyes, small earrings, and a white collared shirt.

TALABALARNING ONA TILINI O‘RGATISHDA INTERFAOL VA INNOVATSION YONDASHUVLARNI QO‘LLASH METODLARI                  

Jumanazarova Zuxra     

Kattaqoʻrgʻon davlat pedagogika insituti Xorijiy til va adabiyoti yoʻnalishi talabasi +998500406125

 jumanazarovaz896@gmail.com

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada talabalarga ona tilini o‘rgatish jarayonida interfaol va innovatsion yondashuvlarni qo‘llashning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Maqolada ta’lim jarayonida ilg‘or pedagogik texnologiyalar, zamonaviy axborotkommunikatsiya vositalari hamda interfaol metodlardan foydalanish orqali talabalar nutq madaniyatini rivojlantirish, mustaqil fikrlash va ijodiy yondashuvini shakllantirish masalalari tahlil etiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, interfaol va innovatsion metodlar talabalarning o‘quv motivatsiyasini oshiradi, o‘z fikrini erkin ifoda etish, til boyligini kengaytirish va kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. 

Kalit so‘zlar: Ona tili, interfaol metodlar, innovatsion texnologiyalar, ta’lim samaradorligi, ijodiy fikrlash, kommunikativ kompetensiya  

Abstract: This article highlights the importance of applying interactive and innovative approaches in teaching the native language to students. It analyzes the development of students’ speech culture, independent thinking, and creative approach through the use of advanced pedagogical technologies, modern information and communication tools, and interactive teaching methods. The research results show that interactive and innovative methods increase students’ learning motivation, help them express their thoughts freely, expand their vocabulary, and develop their communicative competence. 

Keywords: native language, interactive methods, innovative technologies, learning efficiency, creative thinking, communicative competence 

Résumé: Cet article met en lumière l’importance de l’utilisation des approches interactives et innovantes dans le processus d’enseignement de la langue maternelle aux étudiants. Il y est analysé comment l’emploi des technologies pédagogiques avancées, des outils modernes de communication et des méthodes interactives contribue au développement de la culture linguistique des étudiants, à la formation de leur pensée indépendante et de leur créativité. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que les méthodes interactives et innovantes augmentent la motivation d’apprentissage des étudiants, favorisent l’expression libre de leurs idées, enrichissent leur vocabulaire et développent leur compétence communicative. 

Mots-clés: Langue maternelle, méthodes interactives, technologies innovantes, efficacité de l’enseignement, pensée créative, compétence communicative IntroductionIn the modern educational process, the role of interactive and innovative methods in developing students’ knowledge, skills, and personal potential is steadily increasing. Especially in teaching the native language, these approaches play a significant role. Interactive methods (role plays, problem situations, group discussions) transform students from passive listeners into active participants, developing their speech culture and creative thinking abilities.

Furthermore, the use of modern information and communication technologies makes it possible to present learning materials interactively and visually, encouraging students to engage actively with the topic. This contributes to the deepening of writing and speaking skills in the native language, fostering personalized learning and the development of creative thinking.

Main Part

Through the use of advanced pedagogical technologies, modern information and communication tools, and interactive methods in education, it becomes possible to develop students’ speech culture, independent thinking, and creativity. The main tasks in this process include stimulating verbal activity, strengthening analytical thinking, and supporting creativity. This encourages students to learn actively, express their opinions freely, think critically, and find creative solutions.

One of the urgent issues today is improving the quality of education and providing students with effective learning. To achieve this, teachers are required to use interactive methods appropriately and arouse learners’ interest. At the same time, teachers must constantly work on self-development and explore new interactive techniques. An interactive method is an activity in which learners cooperate, exchange ideas, and solve problems collectively through communication and discussion. Its main advantage lies in the fact that it teaches students to think independently and prepares them for real life. Interactive methods are learner-centered approaches that activate and motivate learners to think independently. The teacher’s role is to encourage participation, while the learner remains actively engaged throughout the process.

The benefits of learner-centered approaches are as follows: Learning becomes more effective; Learners are highly motivated; Previously acquired knowledge is taken into account; The learning process is aligned with the learner’s goals and needs; Initiative and responsibility are encouraged; Learning through practice is emphasized; Two-way feedback is promoted.

Thus, the use of interactive methods in the teaching process has its own characteristics. Careful study and application of each interactive method in practice broaden students’ thinking and positively affect their ability to solve problems effectively. It increases creativity and activeness. When theoretical and practical problems are analyzed through interactive methods, students’ knowledge, skills, and competencies deepen and expand.

Interactive teaching methods can be classified as follows:1️⃣ Interactive methods: Case study, Brainstorming interview, Modeling, Creative work, Problem-based learning, etc.2️⃣ Interactive teaching strategies: Brainstorming, Boomerang, Gallery, Zigzag, Step-by-step, Snowball, Rotation, etc.3️⃣ Interactive graphic organizers: Fishbone diagram, K-W-L (BBB), Concept table, Venn diagram, T-chart, Insert, Cluster, Why?, How? And others.

In addition, organizing native language lessons based on pedagogical technologies and using interactive methods such as Pair work, Small group work, Tree solution, Incomplete sentence exercise, Wheel of fortune, Find the wrong word, Mixed information, Alphabet, Scales, Lotto, Black box, helps enhance learning effectiveness. For instance, the “Wheel of Fortune” (Charxpalak) method is designed to help students recall previous topics, think logically, answer questions independently, assess themselves, and allows the teacher to evaluate all students’ knowledge in a short time. The activity can be used at the beginning or end of the lesson, during topic reinforcement, or for formative and summative assessment. Students work in groups, receive instructions, and exchange task sheets in a circular “wheel” manner. Each group builds on the ideas of others until the topic is completed. Correct answers are scored, and total points determine achievement levels.

Conclusion

The use of interactive and innovative methods in the educational process plays an important role in increasing students’ learning motivation, developing independent thinking skills, and enabling them to express their opinions freely.

Such methods Yo‘ldoshev, J.G. Ta’limda interfaol metodlar. – Toshkent: “O‘qituvchi”, 2019.  Mehmonov, M.H  Yangi Oʻzbekiston pedagoglari  axborotnomasi “Interfaol metodlar va ularning ta’ lim jarayonidagi mohiyati”. – Toshkent:, 2023. Azizxo‘jayeva, N.N. Pedagogik texnologiyalar va pedagogik mahorat. –       Toshkent: TDPU, 2020. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ona-tili-darslarida-innovatsiontexnologiyalar-asosida-mustaqil-ishlarni-tashkil-etish. Turemuratova, Aziza, Rita Kurbanova, and Barno Saidboyeva. “EDUCATIONAL TRADITIONS IN SHAPING THE WORLDVIEW OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN FOLK PEDAGOGY.” Modern Science and Research 2.10 (2023): 318-322. Xamrakulova, B.A O‘zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti, “ Til o‘rganishda kommunikativ va pragmatik kompensatsiya startegiyalarining ahamiyati”. – Tashkent, O‘zbekiston