Synchronized Chaos’ First December Issue: Step Up to the Plate

Small child in a pink knit hat and white coat and flowered dress trying to open a wooden paneled door.
Image c/o Anna Langova

This month, we consider the peace, love, and joy honored during the world’s many December holiday celebrations. This issue also encourages us to take stock of where we are as human beings, physically, intellectually, and morally, and to take whatever steps are possible to rise to the next level.

Sometimes that’s going outside and getting some exercise. Brian Barbeito walks by a lake and considers the joy of simple living and natural beauty.

Mrinal Kanti Ghosh recollects a dreamy summer night. Olga Levadnaya captures the solemn stillness of midday heat. Christina Chin renders up the cold silence and calm of winter.

Aura Echeverri Uribe evokes the monumental destruction of an avalanche. Jack Galmitz speaks to how we manage and control wildness, in our neighborhoods and our bodies, and how it can reassert itself. Carrie Farrar speaks to the joy and wonder of visiting France to see the Mer de Glace glacier. Mahbub Alam speaks to a solid connection between humanity and nature, like a tree standing firm in the changing winds.

Tasneem Hossain draws on the owl as an extended metaphor for wisdom and protection. Roodly Laurore reflects on the tender and colorful beauty and diversity of nature in a piece which he intends to bring comfort in a violent and turbulent world. Maja Milojkovic encourages us to imagine a new world of gentleness and peace towards our earth and each other.

Elizabetta Bonaparte’s poetry takes a short, but strong and cogent, stand against war. Valentina Yordanova, in poetry translated by Yoana Konstantinova, laments the mindless destruction war brings to ordinary lives. Eva Petropoulou Lianou calls for genuine humanity in a world at war.

Group of East Asian people in puffy jackets and boots walking across a foot bridge that's stepping stones in a pond. Cattails and dry brown grass, sunny day.
Image c/o Peter Griffin

Samar Aldeek tenderly celebrates peace in her bilingual poetry. Dr. Perwaiz Shaharyar draws on the style of courtly romance to honor the legacy of Mexican poet, peace activist, and literary cultural worker Dr. Jeannette Tiburcio. Fernando Jose Martinez Alderete joins in the tribute to Dr. Tiburcio and also speaks of the need for peace and mutual respect.

Paul Durand warns us of dangerous currents, both in the ocean and in American politics. Bill Tope’s poem criticizes human rights abuses committed in the name of immigration enforcement. Duane Herrmann speaks to the spiritual unity of all the world’s people under Ba’hai teachings and how that serves as an antidote to racism and anti-immigrant sentiment.

Travel gives us firsthand experience with different cultures and helps us understand each other. Türkan Ergör illustrates the dislocation of travel through clever and poetic alteration of word and line breaks. Lakshmi Kant Mukul captures the exhilaration and elevated beauty of plane flight. Abdumuminova Risolabonu Nizamovna discusses how travel helps people learn practical skills, including pragmatic communication in multiple languages.

Learning foreign languages, and mastering one’s native language, helps us understand each other, whether we travel in person or through imagination and books. Shakhnoza Pulatova Makhmudjanovna offers strategies for mastering the Arabic language. Muhammadjonova O’giloy Bunyodbekov qizi offers up suggestions for learning Turkish that would be helpful for any foreign language. Abduhalilova Sevdora Xayrulla qizi highlights grammar rules surrounding modal verbs in the Uzbek language. Allaberdiyeva Farangiz outlines ways for students learning English as a foreign language to gain writing proficiency.

Xudoyberdiyeva Jasmina analyzes the linguistic phenomenon of “chatspeak” and ‘text-speak” on the Uzbek language in a piece that’s more intrigued than negative. Dinora Sodiqova discusses the importance of professional communication for aspiring young Uzbek leaders.

People can also travel through time by reading older works and studying history. Petros Kyriakou Veloudas reflects on the joy and the weight of being part of a creative heritage, even when one does not know the names of each and every ancestor. Poet Eva Petropoulou Lianou interviews poet Muhammad Shamsul Huq Babu about his literary legacy and dream of building a large book museum.

Old weathered stone steps in a descending path in an old castle. Light at the end of the tunnel, curved door.
Image c/o Vera Kratochvil

Dunia Pulungeanu highlights the lifetime intellectual and literary accomplishments of Dr. Edwin Antonio Gaona Salinas. Choriyeva Go’zal Gayratjon qizi explores the resurgence of academic and cultural interest in foundational works of Uzbek literature. Xudoyberdiyeva Mohiniso reflects on the historical significance of the Mud Battle, an early military defeat for Central Asian medieval historical figure Amir Temur.

Farzona Hoshimova celebrates the pride and beauty of the Uzbek culture. Matnazarova Munisa encourages young and old Uzbeks to remember and preserve their traditional culture. Bobonova Zulfiya sings of the pride, freedom, and beauty of her native Uzbekistan. David Woodward evokes a quest for truth through reading Krishnamurti, ultimately reconnecting himself with his family. Rahmonkulova Gulsevar Samidovna considers the cultural values implicit within Uzbek folk legends.

Muhammadjonova Ogiloy Bunyodbekovna reviews Abdulloh Abdulmutiy Huda Said Bahul’s book Qu’logim senda, qizim, which provides Islamic faith-based guidance for young girls, narrated by a loving father. Ruzimbayeva Quvonchoy also urges Uzbeks to hold onto their traditional values, including love, bravery, and respect for women.

Maja Milojkovic translates Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s tribute to hard-working women around the world from English into Serbian. Mashhura Ochilova highlights the historical respect for women in Uzbek culture and what modern Uzbek women have achieved. Jaloldinova Gulzirahon Otabek Kizi highlights women’s increasing participation in Uzbekistan’s public life.

Orifjonova Nozima Azizbek considers the prospects for preserving the Uzbek language in a time of economic and cultural globalization. Rahmonqulova Gulsevar Samid qizi analyzes the crucial father-son relationship at the heart of the Uzbek folk epic tale “Alpomish” and its centrality to Uzbek family-oriented culture. Rahimberdiyev Ozodbek outlines key elements of Uzbekistan’s heroic tales.

Rashidova Shoshanam explores the long shadows Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex has cast over human literature and psychology. Christopher Bernard reviews Cal Performances’ recent dramatization of Chicago’s Manual Cinema’s The Fourth Witch, about the after-effects of Macbeth’s violence on his victims. Paul Murgatroyd draws on Greek tragedy to poke morbid fun at humans: inwardly messy and selfish, even when outwardly clean. J.J. Campbell provides his signature dark view of human nature, full of sardonic, blunt, emotionally transparent blue-collar surrealism. John Grey picks apart human emotions in his vignettes, attempting to understand why we act as we do.

Silhouette of a person walking up stylized light blue stone stairs. They look smooth, concrete or marble, with specks of light on the walls.
Image c/o Gerd Altmann

Dr. Jernail Singh describes how Dr. K.B. Razdan diagnoses some emotional and psychological ills of modern life in his book Gather Ye Rosebuds. Sean Meggeson’s visual poetry speaks to what we gain and lose as modern society progresses. J.K. Durick waxes poetic about times when it seemed that matters were more easily understood and categorized.

Abdulhafiz Iduoze’s epic poem, layered with traditional and modern references from Benin’s culture, serves as a ritual chant and prophetic warning about colonialism and corrupt power structures. It situates recent dynamics within epic time, reminding readers that current matters are not destined to last forever.

Shikdar Mohammed Kibriah affirms the reality of his personal experience amidst the complex claims of philosophical schools. Aisha Al-Maharabi speaks with the voice of one who asserts his claim to existence, writ large on the natural and human worlds. Strider Marcus Jones speaks to reclaiming and holding onto our interior life, emotions, and connection to nature in a world of mass media and technological disruption and deception.

Many other creators explore our internal lives, what we can learn from ourselves and each other and how we can grow as human beings. Allison Grayhurst speaks to her creative and personal journey: learning to function and create through loss, to integrate pain and struggle into her process. Alan Catlin’s fanciful “anxiety dreams” play with our modern insecurities about navigating daily life. Also experiencing anxiety, Mirta Liliana Ramirez’ poetic speaker takes a bit more time before she’s ready to venture out in the world.

Alimardonova Gulsevar Sirojiddinovna explores the balance between personal dreams and duty to society in Somerset Maugham and Abdulla Qodiriy’s writing.

Rus Khomutoff’s latest poetry collection Kaos Karma, reviewed by Cristina Deptula, flows through various words and ideas, pulling us along on the wings of a slow dream. Stykes Wildee’s latest poem seems at once dreamlike and ordinary and conversational, casual thoughts within the subconscious. Mesfakus Salahin’s poetry is ghostlike, contemplative, detached as he contemplates love and death. John Doyle’s poetry harks from a variety of inspirations: everything from insects to gas stations to trains and the countryside. Arjun Razdan’s quick fictional sketch compares young women he sees to elegant fine wine.

Light gray image of ice frozen in the shape of a person's footprint, in the brown dirt full of fallen leaves.
Image c/o Petr Kratochvil

Annah Atane’s poetry elegantly traces the outlines of grief and sorrow. Abdulsamad Idris also explores tragedy and loss through a more frank and visceral voice. Graciela Noemi Villaverde finds herself lashed by the storms of loneliness and sorrow. Hanaan Abdelkader Ashour approaches loss with tenderness, offering a kind and reverent note of remembrance for departed loved ones. Marianne Jo Alves Zullas speaks openly of her mourning for her departed mother, everywhere and nowhere at once. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s poem captures the emotional emptiness of a relationship where one person loves intensely, and the other remains distant, consumed by their own habits. Marjona Eshmatova outlines various types of family system dysfunction and how to address them psychologically. Taylor Dibbert points to the ways even well-meaning people can misunderstand each other. Dilobar Maxmarejabova warns us how a person’s heart can become colder and more jaded over time.

Mohamed Rahal speaks of striving for authenticity in one’s faith and in love. Narzulloyeva Munisa Bakhromovna encourages people not to compare themselves negatively with others’ projected lives on social media. Raximberdiyeva Moxinabonu outlines the pressing mental health concern of smartphone addiction and the need to balance our phones with the real world. Moldiyeva Bahodirovna speaks to the way digital technologies have permeated our lives and how to have the Metaverse complement, rather than replace, our world. Choriyeva Xurmo urges balance in the use of digital media in preschool education. Orozboyeva Shodiyeva highlights educational social media applications and encourages her peers to use those rather than focusing just on entertainment.

Jacques Fleury reviews Boston’s Huntington Theater’s production of Alison Bechdel’s tale Fun Home, highlighting themes of intergenerational understanding, how children gradually came to make sense of their parents’ worlds. Young poet Avazova Diyora Alisher qizi offers her good wishes to her teacher in a tender poem. Fayzullayeva Shabbona Sirojiddinova shares her appreciation for her wise and caring father.

Priyanka Neogi playfully celebrates innocent, childlike love. Milana Momcilovic evokes an eternal, spiritual love. Dr. Brajesh Kumar Gupta captures an elegant romantic kiss under moonlight. Vorhees describes erotic and tender love with gentle whimsy and echoes of history. Kemal Berk contributes a graceful love poem about the merging of egos and personalities within a relationship.

Ana Elisa Medina describes a love that encourages her to become a better person. Mohan Maharana celebrates the value of small acts of kindness. Abdusaidova Jasmina shares the importance of kindness through a children’s tale involving a mouse. Balachandra Nair highlights the value of virtue by presenting positive character traits as valuable jewels on display.

Sayani Mukherjee pleads for deep, enduring joy that can withstand the world’s problems.

Image of several octagons that are pink, yellow, purple, and blue surrounded by white binary numbers and circles and blue background.
Image c/o Gerd Altmann

One way many people find joy is through engaging in various forms of creativity and knowledge gathering. Farida Tijjani draws on a wide variety of technical and natural inspirations to explore gender, creativity, and society.

Various contributors speak of advances in different fields. Uzoqova Gulzoda encourages innovative approaches to elementary school education. Nazulloyeva Feruzabonu highlights the value of science and innovation in inspiring society as well as providing material advancements.

Abdujabborova Rayhona points out ways medical and psychological professionals can reduce unhealthy stresses for pregnant people. Durdona Sharifovna Roziboyeva highlights the success of a recent orthodontic treatment for upper airway issues.

Dinora Sodiqova outlines basic principles of modern consumer advertising. Mamarajabova Shahnoza discusses how digital technologies are transforming the field of accounting. Dianne Reeves Angel celebrates the physical and mental artistry of comedian and actor Buster Keaton.

Several pieces remind us that as we advance in our knowledge and our technical skills, we must bring our humanity along with us. Kandy Fontaine raises questions about ethics and oversight concerning how people are treated in American hospitals. Avazbekova Rayyonaxon reminds medical professionals to display professional behavior as well as knowledge.

Finally, Dr. Jernail S. Anand reminds us to occasionally step back from the clatter of daily human interaction to connect with the universe on a deeper level. We wish all of you inspiration and a chance to think, feel, and connect with the world beyond yourselves this holiday season.

Essay from Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna

Young Central Asian woman in a black coat and dress pants and long dark hair standing beneath a photo of a male historical figure and the Uzbek flag.

Metaverse and Real Life: Is the Boundary Disappearing?

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna,

Student of English filology faculty, UZSWLU.

Email:zamiramoldiyeva219@gmail.com

Abstract: The Metaverse is emerging as a significant aspect of modern digital life, blending virtual experiences with real-world interactions. This study investigates whether the boundary between virtual and real life is disappearing due to the rapid adoption of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and digital avatars. By reviewing recent literature, case studies, and observational data, this paper explores both the benefits and risks associated with prolonged engagement in the Metaverse. Results indicate that while the Metaverse enhances communication, creativity, and accessibility, it may also lead to reduced real-life social interactions, psychological stress, and dependency on virtual environments. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between virtual engagement and real-life activities and suggests strategies for promoting healthy digital habits.

Key words: Metaverse, virtual reality(VR), augmented reality(AR), digital avatars, virtual life, real-life interaction, social skills, digital addiction, mental health.

Introduction

The concept of the Metaverse represents a digital universe where users interact through avatars and immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Unlike traditional social media, the Metaverse provides a three-dimensional environment where users can socialize, work, study, play, and create in real-time. The origins of this concept trace back to early internet communities, online gaming platforms, and virtual worlds like Second Life, which laid the foundation for modern immersive experiences.

The recent surge in Metaverse development has been accelerated by major technology companies, including Meta (formerly Facebook) and Microsoft, who have invested billions into creating expansive virtual ecosystems. The COVID-19 pandemic further amplified the relevance of virtual interaction, as remote work, online education, and digital socializing became essential.

Despite these advancements, questions remain regarding the psychological, social, and behavioral effects of spending extended periods in virtual environments. Scholars and psychologists debate whether virtual engagement complements or threatens real-life experiences. This paper aims to:

1. Explore the potential benefits of the Metaverse for social interaction, creativity, and education.

2. Examine the risks associated with over-reliance on virtual experiences, including social isolation and psychological challenges.

3. Discuss strategies for integrating virtual and real-life activities to ensure balanced digital engagement.

Methods

This study employs a qualitative approach, relying primarily on literature review and observational analysis. Academic journals, reports from technology companies, and research articles on digital behavior and psychology were examined to assess the current understanding of Metaverse effects.

Key steps included:

1. Reviewing case studies of Metaverse applications in education, work, and social environments.

2. Comparing patterns of real-life interactions versus virtual engagement.

3. Identifying reported social, psychological, and behavioral outcomes associated with prolonged Metaverse use.

Data analysis focused on synthesizing findings to determine common themes, including the advantages of digital immersion and the potential risks of social detachment. The study also considered recommendations from digital psychologists and technology experts regarding safe and balanced Metaverse use.

Results

Positive Impacts of the Metaverse

1. Enhanced Communication: Users can connect with friends, family, and colleagues across vast distances, allowing for more flexible social and professional interactions.

2. Virtual Education and Remote Work: VR classrooms, online conferences, and collaborative virtual offices provide innovative ways to learn and work without geographical limitations.

3. Creativity and Entrepreneurship: Digital platforms in the Metaverse offer spaces for creative expression, virtual product sales, and entrepreneurial ventures.

Case Studies:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, VR classrooms were used by thousands of students worldwide, enabling interactive and immersive learning experiences.

Virtual job meetings and conferences replaced many in-person events, reducing travel costs and environmental impact.

Social gaming communities, such as Roblox and Fortnite, became central hubs for youth socialization.

Negative Impacts of the Metaverse

1. Reduced Real-Life Social Interaction: Prolonged engagement in virtual environments can diminish face-to-face communication skills and real-world social connections.

2. Addiction Risk: Excessive virtual engagement may result in compulsive behavior, where individuals prioritize online experiences over real-world responsibilities.

3. Psychological Effects: Studies indicate that prolonged VR use can contribute to anxiety, stress, and depression.

4. Decline in Practical Skills: Over-reliance on virtual environments may reduce problem-solving abilities and practical life skills.

Example: Adolescents spending more than six hours daily in Metaverse platforms showed lower social empathy and reported increased loneliness compared to peers engaging primarily in real-life activities.

Discussion

The Metaverse provides a dual-edged impact: while offering unprecedented opportunities for connection, creativity, and education, it simultaneously presents social and psychological challenges.

Interpretation of Results

The integration of virtual and real-life experiences can enhance human capabilities but also risks creating dependency on digital spaces. Younger generations, in particular, may prioritize virtual interactions over real-world relationships, potentially affecting emotional intelligence and social development.

Policy and Practical Implications

Digital Literacy Programs: Educators and parents should encourage responsible and balanced digital engagement.

Digital Detox: Scheduled breaks from virtual environments can improve mental health and real-life social skills.

Monitoring Engagement: Tracking time spent in Metaverse platforms can prevent excessive dependency.

Comparison with Previous Studies

The findings align with existing research indicating that VR and AR offer significant educational and professional benefits but may compromise social skills and emotional well-being if not properly managed.

Future Research Directions

Long-term psychological effects of heavy Metaverse engagement

Strategies for harmonizing virtual and real-life experiences

Potential policy frameworks for safe virtual space usage

Conclusion

The Metaverse represents a transformative frontier in digital interaction. It offers opportunities for communication, learning, and creativity that were previously unimaginable. However, the line between virtual and real life is becoming increasingly blurred, raising concerns about social skills, mental health, and over-dependence on digital experiences. Achieving balance through education, personal discipline, and responsible policy is crucial to maximize benefits while mitigating risks. The future of human interaction will likely depend on how effectively individuals and societies integrate the Metaverse with real-world experiences.

References

1. Bell, J. (2023). Virtual Worlds and Human Interaction. Tech Journal, 12(3), 45–59.

2. Meta Platforms. (2022). Metaverse Roadmap. Meta Reports.

3. Smith, R., & Lee, A. (2021). Psychological Effects of VR. Journal of Digital Psychology, 8(2), 101–118.

4. Johnson, K. (2020). Augmented Reality in Education. Education Tech Review, 5(4), 32–50.

5. Brown, T. (2022). Social Skills in Digital Environments. Social Science Quarterly, 14(1), 15–29.

6. Roberts, P., & Nguyen, L. (2021). Addiction in Virtual Worlds. Journal of Behavioral Studies, 10(3), 88–104.

7. Miller, S. (2020). Balancing Real and Virtual Life. Digital Ethics Review, 6(2), 55–70.

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna was born on May 14, 2006, in Zomin district, Jizzakh region. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No. 47 named after Khayrulla Akhmedov in Zomin district. During her school years, a collection of poems written together with amateur young poets was published under the title “Qaldirg‘ochlar” (“Swallows”).

Currently, she is a second-year student at the Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Faculty of English Philology. She is the founder of the “Aleksandr Faynberg Heritage” Club and a coordinator at the clubs “Qizlarjon,” “Students Union,” and “Leader Qizlar.” She is also an active member of the sports club and a player of the “Aurora” volleyball team, as well as the winner of numerous competitions.

She actively participates in projects such as “English Quest: Freshmen Edition,” “EmpowerHer: Republican Forum of Young Women Leaders,” and “Eco Marathon.” She is an official member of the “Intellectual Youth” team. She holds the certificate “Quiz Competition on World AIDS Day with Certificate 2023” along with several other international certificates. She has participated in various conferences and is the author of several articles.

Essay from Alimardonova Gulsevar Sirojiddinovna

Social responsibility and personal ambitions (in the Interpretation of two works) 

Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy     

Alimardonova Gulsevar Sirojiddinovna alimardonovagulsevar10@gmail.com

Annotation: The article dissects the moral and social dimensions of responsibilities as portrayed in “O`tgan kunlar” (The Bygone Days) by Abdulla Qodiriy and Somerset Maugham`s “The Moon and Sixpence”. Both authors investigate the clash between duty and social accountability, yet they reflect opposite cultural viewpoint. Through a cross-cultural lens, the article analyses how individual freedom, moral imperative, and social duty intersects within diverse historical, cultural, and philosophical circumstance- early 20th century Uzbek realism and British modernism. Qodiriy`s novel demonstrate the significance of duty as ethical and cultural necessity, while novel by Maugham demonstrates it as a personal challenge against social etiquette. The comparative analysis can spotlight how literature could unveil the balance between duty and collective responsibility.

Keywords: obligation, social responsibility, personal duty, Abdulla Qodiriy`s “O`tgan kunlar’’ (The Bygone Days), Somerset Maugham`s “The Moon and Sixpence”, Otabek and Charles Strickland, moral imperative.

Moral duty, responsibility have been becoming central problem for centuries in world literature, philosophy, and ethics. Every society requests its members to respect and obey laws, moral norms and traditions while maintaining their individuality. Literature can demonstrate how people can keep balance between personal goals and societal responsibility. Social obligations are interpreted with atmosphere in express time and exact region. Accordingly, period and zone can reveal essence of works. In the light of common occasion, they are diverse. There are dissimilar visions towards   collective responsibility in everywhere. Thereby, there are authors, who utilize different way so as to show them. In particular, Abdulla Qodiriy and Somerset Maugham conquer in history of world literature. Through their novels “O`tgan kunlar” (1926) and “The Moon and Sixpence” (1919), they investigate relevance of the individual and society with their own historical and cultural lenses. Nonetheless, both of them strive to present underlying assumption of moral and collective responsibility.

Abdulla Qodiriy`s “O`tgan kunlar” (The Bygone Days) is not only the first historical novel in Uzbek literature but also profound contemplation on moral duty and communal justice. It includes social and ethical changes occurring in Central Asia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In fact, the story of Otabek and Kumush is not purely tale of love and tragedy. Author highlights deep reflection on the responsibilities of the individual to family, nation, and community by means of the story of Otabek and Kumush.

Conversely, Maugham`s “The Moon and Sixpence” explores the reverse extreme of this moral equation: the personal duty to self and art rather than to society. Charles Strickland abandons his family, profession, and ethical duty an account of his pursuit for artistic truth. In this novel, the individual tries to escape social responsibility or decline society itself is a type of moral stance.

Albeit the tension between West and East literature, both of them strive to demonstrate individual qualities in exact times. In addition, both writers unveil that universal freedom destitute of moral duty leads to spiritual loss, whereas authentic implementation emerge when human action align with virtuous function.

Literature review:

Abdulla Qodiriy`s “O`tgan kunlar’’ (The Bygone Days) and Somerset Maugham`s “The Moon and Sixpence’’ can facilitate to distinguish literature, traditional notion to society of West and East.

Conflict of social obligation and personal aspiration

In Maugham`s novel, personage not only repudiates social responsibility but he also disassociates himself from society: “I do not care what people think. I want to live in my own”.

Individuals and society, social duty

 The individual is connected to society, who can see their life with social progress: “El-yurt tinchligi – har birimizning burchimiz’’ (Peace of our homeland is duty of each of us).

Impact of social environment

Collective circumstance has impact on human conduct. In Maugham`s novel, society could carry weight with personages` preference.

National outlook

Writings substantiate historical moment and viewpoint, culture in certain period, which can evolve national environment.

A lot of theoretical resources are analysed during studying theme. Articles and writings about duty and social responsibility in both novels are paid prime attention.

  • In Abdulla Qodiriy`s “O`tgan kunlar” (The Bygone Days), East culture and social duty are demonstrated with real examples.
  • Somerset Maugham`s “The Moon and Sixpence” shows conflict between social responsibility and personal ambition.
  • A. Khan “Comparative Literature: East and West’’ can confirm diverse and similar feature in literature of West and East about social obligation and duty.
  • An analysis of Ethical Dilemma in “The Moon and Sixpence” by Xinyi Yang (2022)- analyze social environment, conflict between society and individualism.

Research Methodology

In this study, an interdisciplinary methodology combines comparative literary with interpretative cultural analysis. The investigation seeks to analyze how the concept of social obligation evolves in two diverse literary and ideological environments- the Uzbek classical realism of Abdulla Qodiriy and the modern ethical contemplations of Somerset Maugham.

Research Design

The research design is relative and analytical, which could interpret how two literary system illustrate moral obligations of individuals to their society. Furthermore, it is utilized for determining connection of authors social backgrounds and their fictional representations.

Research Approach

The analysis adopts a hermeneutic and thematic approach, spotlighting the exposition of meaning within texts rather than mere illustration. Through this lens, both novels are dissected as reflection of consciousness and societal identity.

Data Analysis

Information was investigated utilizing a qualitative content analysis model supported by comparative thematic mapping. Each novel was coded for moral standards, depictions of responsibility, and portrayals of social duty. The findings were then cross- compared to demonstrate shared moral aspects and divergent worldviews.

Restrictions

The research is confined to two literature and does not take into account the full compass of either author`s oeuvre. The study concentrates on moral and social themes, eliminating linguistic and stylistic dimensions.

Analysis / Results

The comparative analysis of Somerset Maugham`s “The Moon and Sixpence” and Abdulla Qodiriy`s “O`tkan kunlar” (Bygone days) shows distinct yet convergent tactics to the concept of duty and responsibility to society. In both novels, the protagonists- Charles Strickland and Otabek- personify a conflict between personal perfection and general assumption. Maugham`s narrative questions the limits of social obligation when confronted by an artist`s inexorable pursuit of individuality. Strickland`s refusal of familial and collective norms reveals the fragility of moral imperative when human aspiration transforms into passion. Contrary, Qodiriy depicts Otabek as a man whose sense of social duty becomes a moral compass guiding him through the turbulent changes of early modern Uzbek civilization.

In “O`tkan kunlar”, social responsibility betrays trough loyalty, honesty, and care for one`s public. Otabek`s nature exposes that correct progress demands harmony between personal ambitions and social well-being. Meanwhile, Maugham`s Strickland explicates the opposite extreme: the annihilation of obligation in the pursuit of self- expression.

The results of the analysis represents that both authors formulate their protogonists as vehicles of ethical inquiry. Through conflicting resolutions, Maugham and Qodiriy cross-examine the connection between self and society, concluding that moral responsibility is neither merely individual nor purely communal but a dynamic interaction between two. The comparative reading also focuses on cultural differences: Maugham`s Western individualism contrasts with Qodiriy`s Eastern ethical collectivism. Nonetheless, both converge in portraying moral duty as a decisive foundation of human dignity and social harmony.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The comparison of Somerset Maugham`s “The Moon and Sixpence” and Abdulla Qodiriy`s “O`tkan kunlar” exposes how both writer`s balance between personal aspirations and duty to society. The findings of research demonstrate that both authors, in spite of cultural and temporal differences, engage with a universal moral question: how far should an individual`s pursuit of self- fulfillment extend before it contrasts with social duty? Maugham `s Strickland symbolizes the risk of egocentric freedom that neglects human responsibility, while Qodiriy`s Otabek denotes the harmony of moral imperative and personal belief.

The study contributes to a comprehensive grasping of how literary art can serve as a mirror displaying society`s moral dilemmas. By examining these two novels together, the article reflects that tension between individuality and duty is not confined to one culture or era but endures a recurring theme in evolution of human values.

Recommendations

1. Future comparative analysis should investigate how Eastern and Western authors interpret moral obligation and civic duty within various cultural frameworks.

2. University curricula could incorporate comparative literary ethics as a field of acquire to toughen students` understanding of collective and moral interdependence.

3. Interdisciplinary research integrating literature, sociology, and philosophy can deepen insight into moral dimensions of artistic individuality and populace principles.

References

1. Abdulla Qodiriy. “O`tkan kunlar” (Bygone days). Toshkent: Gafur Ghulam Publishing House of literature and Art 2019.

2. A. Khan. “Comparative Literature: East and West”. Oxford university Press 2016.

3. J. Brown. “Freedom and individuality in Western Literature”. Cambridge university Press 2017.

4. Somerset Maugham. “The Moon and Sixpence”. London: Heineman, 1919.

5. Xinyi Yang. “An analysis of Ethical Dilemma in “The Moon and Sixpence” 2

Essay from Choriyeva Go’zal Gayratjon qizi

Young Central Asian woman in a tan sweatshirt with short black hair and a white collared shirt, holding a framed certificate.

Literary traditions and renewal processes in Uzbek literature and world literature

Abstract: This article covers the issues of the historical development of Uzbek literature and world literature, the preservation of their literary traditions and a comparative analysis of the processes of renewal. In Uzbek literature, the role of such creators as Alisher Navoi, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, Abdulla Qodiriy in continuing traditions and at the same time introducing new ideas into literature is examined. From world literature, comparative aspects with the work of such great writers as William Shakespeare, Leo Tolstoy, and Franz Kafka are revealed. The article analyzes the harmony of literary heritage and modern creative innovations, the relationship between national literatures, and their contribution to global literary processes on a scientifically based basis. It also discusses the integration of Uzbek literature of the period of independence with world literature and the formation of the translation school.

Keywords: Uzbek literature, world literature, tradition, renewal, comparative analysis, creativity, modernism, realism, cultural integration, national heritage, literary process.

Literature is one of the oldest and most influential forms of human thought. The literature of each nation reflects its national thinking, psyche, socio-spiritual state. Therefore, the study of the interaction and connections between Uzbek literature and world literature, the analysis of their traditional and new aspects is a separate, relevant scientific topic today.

During the period of independence, Uzbek literature has reached a new stage of development. On the one hand, our classical literary heritage is being re-examined, and on the other hand, advanced experiences in world literature are being absorbed into Uzbek literature. This process is further enriched by the fact that the works of Uzbek writers are being translated into world languages, and examples of world literature are being published in Uzbek.

Classical literature: The traditions of classical Eastern literature were continued in the work of Alisher Navoi. However, he also initiated a stage of renewal with his approach based on the Turkic language.

Babur: a vivid example of the harmony of tradition and innovation in literature. His work “Boburnoma” combines historical, artistic and scientific features.

20th century literature: National realism and modernist movements were combined in the works of Abdulla Qodiriy and Cholpon.

Shakespeare: Continuing the traditions of the Renaissance, he created new dramatic forms.

Leo Tolstoy: through Russian realism, he interpreted humanity, morality and social issues in a new way.

Kafka: was the embodiment of modernism, depicting the conflicts between man and society.

Comparative analysis:

Navoiy and Shakespeare: although one reached the pinnacle of Eastern and one Western classical literature, both of them covered the problems of the human psyche and society.

Qodiriy and Tolstoy: there is a commonality in depicting the spiritual image of the nation and social problems through realism.

Cholpon and Kafka: both created in the spirit of modernism and tried to express the spiritual crisis of the time.

In conclusion, although Uzbek literature and world literature have their own traditions and renewal processes, through their comparative study, one can see many commonalities and harmonies. Uzbek literature, relying on its rich classical heritage, is also actively participating in modern global literary processes. Therefore, a deep study of literary traditions and the integration of innovations with the national spirit will remain one of the important tasks of future scientific research and creative activity.

References:

  1. Navoiy A. Khamsa. – Tashkent: Fan, 1991.
  2. Bobur Z.M. Baburnoma. – Tashkent: Gafur Ghulom Publishing House, 2008
  3. Qodiriy A. Bygone Days.- Tashkent: Sharq, 1994
  4. Cholpon A. Night and Day.- Tashkent: Literature and Art, 1992
  5. Shakespeare U. Hamlet. – London, 1603
  6. Tolstoy L. Anna Karenina – Moscow: Science 1978
  7. Kafka F. Process. – Berlin, 1925
  8. Karimov I. A. High spirituality is an invincible force. – Tashkent, 2021
  9. Mirziyoyev. Sh.M. Strategy of the New Uzbekistan. – Tashkent, 2021.
  10. History of Uzbek literature. 5 volumes – Tashkent: Science, 2010.
  11. Saidov. A. Theory of Literary Studies. – Tashkent University, 2015

Choriyeva Go’zal Gayratjon qizi was born on February 17, 2007 in Kyzyryk district of Surkhandarya region. She is a 1st year student of the Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy of Samarkand State University, Uzbek language and literature department and holder of a national certificate in native language literature. She is an international ambassador of the Indian state Iqra Foundation Organization (online) in three areas. An active member of the Argentine Association of Science and Literature Writers. The creative collection “Zukko izvlavi” -2025 of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan has been published.

Poetry from Kemal Berk

Older South Asian man with gray hair, a black jacket, and reading glasses.

I seek myself in you

 I loved you from afar, my beautiful one.

I miss you so much, day and night.

Your beautiful words reach my heart.

I seek myself in you, not in myself.

Don’t just watch and laugh: extend your hand.

I see your honeyed tongue singing.

You stole my mind while you were the girl of our house.

I don’t seek myself in myself, but in you.

The judge spoke from the middle of the book.

He said that you are the source of peace and the taste of my mouth.

Your mother named you when you were born.

I don’t seek myself in myself, but in you.

Gliding over the sea

You smile at me, beautiful one, I admire you.

You fascinate me so much that I feel you reach my heart.

I don’t seek myself in myself, but in you.

There are mountains that are vast and high.

It is the immaculate snow I have placed in my heart.

In my heart, your words are honor.

I do not seek myself in myself, but in you.

From Kemal Berk

I was born in 1955 in the Sungurlu district of Çorum province, Turkey. I attended primary, secondary, and high school in Sungurlu. I completed my university education at Ankara Gazi Education Institute. I began teaching in 1978 and retired in 2016. I am married with three children and four grandchildren. In addition to my professional life, I continued teaching Turkish folk dances, which began during my student years, and taught them to hundreds of students. We participated in festivals, opening ceremonies, and competitions, and won awards. I took special art courses, learning 3D painting techniques, and creating paintings. I took a course for the hearing impaired, learning how to communicate with people with hearing impairments. For two years, I attended special gastronomy courses and learned to prepare various meat dishes, vegetable dishes, desserts, pastries, and buns. Preparing and serving these dishes gives me peace of mind. I volunteer at AFAD, which provides aid in disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes, and landslides.

Poetry from John Grey

THE RAT

He’s staring at you

like you’re a total stranger.

You’ve shared this house for twenty years

and he suddenly wonders what you’re doing here.

This is the same guy

for whom to see you was to hug you,

who sent you roses on non-birthdays,

and salvaged so many hard work days

by preparing candle-lit dinners for two.

And now, out of nothing more

than a bewildered look,

he says, “I don’t love you.”

But it’s not the man you know

who’s saying it.

The words sink in

but he doesn’t.

It’s first thing in the morning.

You’re making breakfast.

He’s rubbing the sleep out of his eyes.

You freeze as if you’ve just seen a rat

scurrying across the kitchen floor.

The rodent disappears into a crack in the wall.

It’s just wide enough for a man to follow.

FROM UNDER THE TREE

I can lie beneath

and look up

like a Chinese poet

squeezing every outstanding

universal question

into the wind-rock of branches,

the shake of leaves,

the solid trunk,

and the bird life

that flutters in and out,

moments of brown

and blue and red

to stoke the living green.

God’s omnipotence –

check!

man’s insignificance –

check!

death and rebirth –

check!

sorrow and joy

and hope and despair –

check! check!

and double check!

A solitary leaf breaks free of a limb,

slowly cascades down through the currents,

lands softly in the spreading roots.

So it’s not just me who does these things.

A FLOODED TOWN

Last night’s rain

is this morning’s flood,

as the river shatters its banks,

and the land is all current.

Topography is up for grabs,

and water swarms tree and house alike,

finds least resistance

where cars park and people live.

Boats row down main street,

Cop helicopters circle like hawks,

People scramble up to second floors,

match the downpour sob for sob.

Townspeople set their boundaries

but sometimes those margins can’t cope.

The weather wasn’t in on the agreement.

The river can only do so much.

So property, once thought impregnable,

is there for the taking.

What can’t happen here happens.

Self-confidence is just more debris.

CINEMA ROMANCE


A woman in white,
Anna struts by,
Anna on her way
to the door of her Romeo,
passing by like a swan,
head high,
wings held tight to her thighs.
high heels barely touching concrete
as if the sidewalk is
a carpet in a courtyard,
Vogue ascetic,
eyes wheel around her,
roofs shine like diamonds,
likewise the towers and domes.
feast for the eyes
to which no one’s invited
but that man
on his balcony,
corn-fed hair,
eyes beaming sun-signals
from the world’s highest point,
backed by blue sky
and a tarmac of flowers,
Don Juan ascended,
his cock-crow, the wind,
his palace, wherever
he finds himself smiling,
and soon lovers meet,
galvanized, energized,
a burning love’s flashes,
then the sky’s kind: lightning,
drenching rain,
thunder, the great roll of the rest of us.

REFUGE

When I move in with others,

I am alone.

At night, bedded among them,

I am almost with these people

but where I’ve come from,

what I’ve done,

still keeps us apart.

For all this welcoming,

their eyes ask, “Who are you?”

And their proffered understanding

comes with a caveat,

“Why are you this way?”

These days,

my only people are the stars.

Cloud cover,

no matter how beneficent,

can’t possibly bring me closer.

John Grey is an Australian poet, US resident, recently published in Shift, River And South and Flights. Latest books, “Bittersweet”, “Subject Matters” and “Between Two Fires” are available through Amazon. Work upcoming in Rush, Writer’s Block and Trampoline.