According to Shakespeare's Macbeth, 
Life "is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing."

First, some announcements: In February, on Saturday the 28th at 2pm, Synchronized Chaos Magazine partners with the Hayward Lit Hop to co-host the Hayward Coffee Hop.

Join with us to hear poems and sample the wares of four different local coffee shops in downtown Hayward, California (Zocalo’s, Snappy’s, Concha Dreams, and the Old City Roastery). Advance tickets required, reserve your spot here.

In March we will have a presence at the Association of Writing Programs conference in Baltimore which will include a free public offsite reading at Urban Reads on Friday, March 6th at 6 pm. All are welcome to attend!

So far the lineup for our reading, the Audible Browsing Experience, includes Elwin Cotman, Katrina Byrd, Terry Tierney, Terena Bell, Shakespeare Okuni, and our editor, Cristina Deptula. If there’s time, an open mic will follow.

Poet Marin Angel, of Finland and Bulgaria, is forming a new, vast, international poetry society, the Poetic Political Party for Transparency, that will publish books and which seeks editors and writers.

Published poet and contributor Tao Yucheng is still hosting a poetry contest, open to all readers of Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Synchronized Chaos Poetry Contest: We seek short, powerful, imaginative, and strange poetry. While we welcome all forms of free verse and subject matter, we prefer concise work that makes an impact.

Guidelines: Submit up to five poems per person to taoyucheng921129@proton.me. Each poem should not exceed one page (ideally half a page or less). All styles and themes welcome. Deadline for submissions will be in early March.

Prizes: First Place: $50 Second Place: $10, payable via online transfer. One Honorable Mention. Selected finalists will be published in Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

We’re also announcing the release of contributor Brian Barbeito’s new book The Book of Love and Mourning.

From Brian: These prose poems and photos are a journey that celebrate memory and colour and the near and far. Please travel along and explore both the written word and the visual narrative. The content will include but not be limited to, forest trails, meadows and skies, grasshoppers and wild clovers, electric light, and various seasons. And at times we will dream, reminisce, and wonder about the world, its form, content, and continual movement. 

The Book of Love and Mourning can be ordered here.

Now, for February’s second issue! This issue, Sound and Fury, Signifying Everything, as opposed to Macbeth’s feelings of meaninglessness, points to the importance of individual people and relationships, to ordinary settings and personal life stories.

Dmitriy Kogan asserts the value of ordinary words from understandable poets. Mykyta Ryzhykh’s micropoems hit on different nerves: money, guilt, tradition, speech, silence. Christopher Bernard’s first installment of Senor Despair explores the search for hope and meaning in a complex world.

Terry Trowbridge’s speakers inhabit and listen to time, rather than shouting their existences into the world. Mahbub Alam’s speaker slowly awakens from a deep sleep. On the other hand, Aurelia Preskill’s speaker desires to fully inhabit her universe and her own body. Michael Todd Steffen’s pieces concern observation: seeing our world, and the instability of what we see. Janaea Rose Lyn takes us on a poetic journey from grief to cognition to embodiment and, finally, to translucence. Taro Aizu finds gentle peace in everyday blessings and beauty. Jumanazarova Mohlaroyim Islombek qizi explicates the deep and stormy inner world behind Said Ahmad’s ironically titled novel Silence. Timothee Bordenave explores the emotional territory of pleasure, escape, rebirth, and devotion.

J.J. Campbell depicts the debris of soul damage from a long and weary life, but continues living, as he has little choice. Mahbub Alam evokes the solemn weariness of insomnia in an elegant poem. Taylor Dibbert reflects on turning points in a relationship that went south. John Edward Culp’s work quietly dares without becoming showy, as a person eases into the risk of loving and being loved. Kalipada Ghosh celebrates a gentle and inspiring love. Dr. Fernando Martinez Alderete presents the comfort and care of a steady, long-term love. Lan Xin’s love poetry carries a spiritual bent, drawing on metaphors of angels and ancient Chinese temples. Cai Zhenyuan ties love into universal compassion and making moral choices.

Alexa Grospe speaks to the visceral pain of someone struggling to be seen and loved in their ordinary humanness. Jacques Fleury advises readers to become comfortable and at home in their own identities and bodies. Eva Lianou Petropoulou reminds humans not to lose sight of our hearts and creativity in the age of artificial intelligence.

Bill Tope and Doug Hawley contribute a co-written bleak, funny, and tender short story that highlights the humanity not only of disabled people, but all those who age and change with time. Noah Berlatsky comments with humor on physical aging. Dilafro’z Sultanova aspires to health and wellness in her advertising jingle to the Central Asian health drink Beleever. Diyora Abduolimova and Jurayeva Aziza Rakhmatovna discusses the importance of and methods for inclusive education for children with disabilities.

Shoshana Vegh speaks to a mythical love that endures through time. Mesfakus Salahin promises his commitment to his loved one throughout his life journey. Jamal Garougar affirms a quiet, humble love. Mandy Pistikou’s poetry outlines a romantic relationship that grows and deepens with time. Sabo Jurayeva urges people to marry for the right reasons, building strong families on love and commitment rather than infatuation.

Iroda Abdusamiyeva pays tribute to her kind, tenderhearted mother as Ibodimova Lobar Muzzafar qizi mourns the loss of her loving mother. Eshmatova Charos offers her love and respect to her mother through a prayer. Akramova Sarvinoz pays tribute to the love and strength of her parents. Dildorakhon Tursunboyeva tenderly expresses her love for her dear mother.

Jerrice J. Baptiste’s colorful artwork celebrates the joy of female friendship and sisterhood. Graciela Noemi Villaverde highlights the transformative power of both friendship and love. Sayani Mukherjee explores interpersonal love through the lenses of memory, religion, myth, and culture. Hanaan Abdelkader Ashour honors the love she shared with those who are departed and feels their continued presence.

Safarqulova Iroda and Maja Milojkovic celebrates the beauty of their heritages and mother tongues. Abdusaidova Jasmina expresses her pure joy and pride in her Uzbek homeland. Isaac Dominion Aju’s personal essay describes his journey towards accepting, creating, and claiming his identity as a Black African man. Normuminova Charos Shamshoshodovna looks deep in her heart and soul to find the meaning of “homeland.”

Halilova Rukshona Abdufattohovna honors the scientific and philosophical legacy of ancient scholar Abu Nasr al-Farabi. Sevara Jo’raqulova highlights the love for Uzbek heritage, nature, and culture in Alexander Faynberg’s poetry.

Duane Vorhees also addresses nature as a theme, speaking to spring’s regrowth in a natural, unsentimental way. Aziza Xazamova shares fun and colorful winter memories. Christina Chin celebrates the clear, pure beauty of winter. Ananya S. Guha’s poetry speaks to natural cycles and resilience, places that keep a hold on people even after they leave. Yongbo Ma constructs an interior landscape built through a variety of objects, places and natural creatures: rocks, tadpoles, frogs, a person’s hometown.

Brian Michael Barbeito’s nature-based prose is quietly luminous, reflective, and tender, reminding us to see the grace in the everyday. Soumen Roy compares the ebbs and flows of relationships to waves at sea. Dr. Jernail S. Anand’s essay highlights the cosmic and natural power balances of the universe.

G’afforova Hadichaxon Abduhamid qizi also writes from a wide perspective, addressing the importance of addressing air pollution on systemic as well as individual levels. Jalolova Charos weighs various sustainable design models for our world’s growing cities. Mamatraimova Khadicha Eshali qizi discusses toponymy, the science of naming places and landforms, in a certain area of Uzbekistan. Dildora Xo’jyozova appreciates Uzbekistan’s rich and multilayered history and culture. Shahnoza Ochildiyeva celebrates the literary legacy of Uzbek writer and social theorist Chol’pon.

Egamberdiyeva Diloromxon highlights the importance of Uzbeks’ understanding their nation’s constitution. Jumayev Sanjar Ilyos ogli also explores the wisdom and importance of the Uzbek constitution in shaping the country. Bai Gengsheng’s poetry, translated by Lan Xin, highlights the enduring power of fortitude and wisdom in China’s cultural heritage. Zubayda Tursunboyeva illuminates themes in Uzbek poetess Zulfiya’s work: love, family, patriotism, and peace. Shermamatova Kamola Azizbek qizi discusses ways to incorporate epic world literature into the classroom.

Razzokova Feruza’s essay discusses how language and culture influence emotional expression. Mahmudjonova Rushonabonu outlines the global importance of the English language. Qobiljonova Hurixon compares advantages of blended and traditional education for those learning English as a second language. Sultonova Shahlo Baxtiyor qizi discusses ways to overcome cognitive and psychological barriers to language learning. Nazarova Gulbaxor Azimjon qizi discusses the impact of bilingualism on personality.

Sultonmurodova Aqida identifies and offers solutions to problems students face with learning foreign languages. Shodiqulova Dilorom Niymatulla qizi highlights the value of teachers’ classroom preparation and evaluation tasks in helping students learn languages and other subjects. Mahamqulova Ruhshona Rustam qizi discusses the cultural and psychological benefits of joint educational programs, where a student may receive academic credit from institutions in different countries. Mominova Nozimakhon highlights the many ways education benefits society at large.

Xolmurotova Gulzoda outlines roles of digital platforms in language learning. Jumanazarova Nafisa discusses roles for artificial intelligence in learning English. Mamatova Mahbuba Abdulboqi qizi addresses the proper pedagogical conditions for using project-based technology in teaching literature. To’g’ilova Dinora shows how mobile apps can help students learn the Korean language. Abduhamidova Nihola shares methodological foundations for multimedia tools in language lessons. Madinaxon Tu’ychiyeva explores the efficacy of digitally based learning. Olimova Marjona Ubaydullayevna discusses how artificial intelligence can help with language learning.

To’laganova Muxlisa G’ulomovna discusses the role of artificial intelligence in teaching critical thinking skills. Ne’matullayeva Mukhlisa Sherali kizi outlines ways college professors can encourage students to develop their critical thinking skills. Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna highlights the importance of teaching critical thinking skills in higher education.

Erkinov Dilmurod Adham o’g’li points out linguistic conventions in scientific writing. Azamova Kumushoy Akramjon qizi highlights the role of scientific research in modern society. Bafoyev Mirzabek Mirvohidovich reflects on how medical diagnostics has advanced and become more refined with time.

Saida Turdiboyeva reflects on how artificial intelligence is changing our lives. Azimov Mirsaid Salimovich highlights the growing importance of computer code in global infrastructure. Nematova Zarina Ochilboyevna points to the emerging trend of digitization in the labor market. Toshbekova Nozima offers suggestions to address youth unemployment. Abdiyeva Mahbuba Rahmiddinova advocates for increased attention to women’s entrepreneurship as a pathway to economic development and empowerment. Zarina Yorboboyeva discusses ways to improve strategic management in business enterprises in Central Asia. Shonazarov Shohjaxon outlines advantages and disadvantages of modern consumer credit.

J.K. Durick’s pieces speak to automation and modern life, the slow erasure of the self. Bozorboyeva Nasiba Ergashboy qizi urges wisdom and foresight in the development and rollout of artificial intelligence technology. Mo’minova Rukhshona highlights how science should not be separated from ethics.

Gaurav Ojha encourages revolutionaries and activists to keep up their spirit and idealism. Norman J. Olson’s drawing conveys the current atmosphere of Minneapolis. Patricia Doyne highlights inconsistencies in American public policy regarding firearms and cultural violence. Kujtim Hajdari laments the destruction and sorrow war causes.

Mauro Montacchiesi highlights themes of moral and psychological choices in the here and now in Dr. Jernail Singh’s book Beyond Heaven, Beyond Hell. James Tian excoriates religion enforced through fear and moral blackmail. Mohammad Sedigh Haghighi reminds us that meaning cannot be outsourced, we are all tasked with a long and personal quest to find what matters.

Angelina Muniz Huberman reviews Beatriz Saavedra Gastelum’s new book Alfonso Reyes: Cartography of the Spirit and the Word, which dramatizes estrangement and exile. Shammah Jeddypaul’s piece evokes the dislocation of trauma through a narrator whose situation we gradually begin to grasp. David Kokoette’s raw, furious, and wounded poetry looks at systemic and personal violation and invasion.

Luis Cuauhtemoc Berriozabal’s work probes spaces where meaning becomes unreliable and sensory overload collapses into numbness. Grzegorz Wroblewski’s asemic scrawls reflect intuitive thought maps or emotional streams of consciousness. Mark Young’s pieces feel geometric, like a meditation on latency. Rus Khomutoff contributes a chant, a waking dream, a data-streamed prayer. Poet Yongbo Ma interviews writer Jeffrey Cyphers Wright about his fun, freeflowing, and experimental poetry craft.

Ruziyeva Nigina Sanat kizi delves into the moral and spiritual aspects of O’tkir Hoshimov’s work. Jakhongir Nomozov interviews Azerbaijani poet, translator, and journalist Aysel Khanlargizi Safarli on beauty, meaning, and spiritual understanding in her work.

Sevinch Botirjonova explicates the power of words in an increasingly connected world. Stephen Jarrell Williams speaks to memory, faith, and history. Nozima Gofurova highlights the thoughtful literary criticism of Ozod Sharafiddinov and how he examined literature as a force to mold and inspire society as well as elegant entertainment. Jumayev Sanjar Ilyos ogli celebrates the many roles of Uzbekistan’s young people in shaping the country’s future.

Dustmurodova Marjona Doniyorovna illuminates the value of lifelong learning as Türkan Ergör urges us to forget past sorrows and grudges and Opeyemi Oluwayomi asserts his steady belief in the value and beauty of tomorrow.

We hope that this issue helps you keep growing, thinking, and believing in our shared future.

BOOBYTRAPS AND THE GLASS CEILING: THE COSMIC DETERMINANTS

The Boobytraps

The world is marked by injustice, as a result of which there is moral confusion in human ranks. Peace is missing from the society as well as the mind of man. The world has become a battle ground and if we see it at war, the simple reason is: it has no faith in justice. It is an unjust world in which the principles of the commonwealth are violated. The suffering scattered here and there is the result of this injustice. There is something in the atmosphere which encloses us which does not like injustice. And, all those who play foul, are brought to justice, in this very world. Those who are smart enough to use their wits, hoodwink worldly judges for some time. Finally nemesis overtakes all the evil doers and justice reigns over this world.

The world has been conceived in a state of balance. By night, the gods match the balance sheet of good and evil, crime and punishment, and the cosmos goes to sleep, only when gods are assured that the right has been administered. It is another thing what we see in this world is a different spectacle. We see that good has been hijacked and the evil enjoy the best amenities. People who indulge in corruption have high time. How come, the nemesis strikes them by night?

If human wits could understand this divine operation, gods will be turned out of heaven. Cosmic forces make sure those who play foul with the system of nature are made to suffer. They are all victims of divine justice. What crimes they have committed? Only gods know, or if you can look into their hearts, at least their conscience knows where they have erred.

The Glass Ceiling

This concept of divine intervention can be extended further to include individual achievements. Sky is not the limit. There is a glass ceiling beyond which no man can perform. While I am trying to philosophize on a para-mystical subject, some questions are doing ramp walk before me: Whatever a man has done, does he do it by himself? Or were there any forces, visible or invisible, which acted upon his choices and made him act in certain ways? Could he have performed better if he was left to himself and granted greater freedom? What propelled him, and what stopped him? What was the final settlement between the forces of action, inaction and reaction? Who fixes man’s limits? What stops a man from realising his dreams?

Whatever we achieve is the result of an honourable settlement with time. The past is frozen and shows our limits. The present and future are in a constant dialogue with time for a permanent settlement. We invest time, we invest money, we invest resources. What we get is decided by the balancing out operations of our destiny.

Dr. Jernail Singh Anand, with an opus of 180 plus books, is Laureate of the Seneca, Charter of Morava, Franz Kafka and Maxim Gorky awards.  His name adorns the Poets’ Rock in Serbia. Anand is a towering literary figure whose work embodies a rare fusion of creativity, intellect, and moral vision. He is not only lone of the most influential voices in contemporary Indian poetry, but a global voice, challenging readers to confront the complexities of existence while offering hope through art and ethics.   

Annotation: This article provides a literary and philosophical analysis of “Jimjitlik” (Silence), a work by one of the prominent representatives of Uzbek literature, Said Ahmad. The study reveals how the author portrays the contrast between external silence and inner rebellion, the contradictions within the human psyche, and the issues of injustice and indifference in society. Through the characters of Tolibjon and Mirvali, the writer artistically interprets the struggle between good and evil, awakening and heedlessness. The article explores the symbolic and spiritual essence of the concept of “silence”, arguing that a person’s habituation to silence becomes one of the main causes of social tragedies. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the social significance of Said Ahmad to highlight the educational and awakening power of literature.

Keywords: Said Ahmad, Jimjitlik ( Silence), silence and rebellion, heedlessness, justice and oppression, human psychology, society and the individual, artistic character, spiritual awakening, social responsibility.

REBELLION BEHIND SILENCE: THE TRAGEDY OF STILLNESS IN SAID AHMAD’S WORK

Introduction

  One of the most distinguished figures of Uzbek literature, Said Ahmad, portrays life’s realities, human emotions, and social transformations with remarkable depth in his works, offering consolation through words to the unspoken pain and suffering burning in people’s hearts. The author elevates everyday realities to the level of art. The work “Jimjitlik” likewise raises pressing social and spiritual issues, confronting the reader with a truth wrapped in comforting illusions, even if only for a moment.

  Where does silence exist? Is it in the mountains caressed by clouds, in the steppes filled with blooming tulips, in streets resonating with children’s joyful laughter, or in hearts where childhood id buried, or perhaps in graves where hearts that once sheltered goodness now lie?

   The work depicts the inner storms hidden behind external silence, the contradictions within human psyche, indifference toward social changes, and how those in high positions, with bloodstained hands, rock the cradle of the people and hinder the awakening of a new generation. It reflects the lives of individuals struggling through the complexities of existence and their responses to social injustice.

  The characters in the work are vivid, convincing, and genuinely representative of the people. Each character is a product of their environment. The narrative begins with Tolibjon – who has suffered the merciless blows of life, whose unfortunate fate has left him disoriented, and who seeks a quiet refuge from the turbulent, noisy storms of a restless era – silently swallowing his bitter tears. His heart’s mute cry and wordless rebellion unfold within the embrace of “silence”. He wishes for the mountain children growing up in heedlessness to receive education, to advance not only through physical labor but also through intellectual development.

  “My youth lives in Tolibjon. The best part of my life remained in the chest of this young man”, he would say.

 At first glance, these words seem to touch the heart. Yet they belong to Mirvali – a man whose eyes have hardened like mountain rocks, whose conscience does not tremble at the sight of death, who has destroyed the lives of countless young women.

  Know this: when a person commits a sin, the face of the heart darkens. If one is fortunate, that darkness emerges outward so that they may quickly refrain from sin. But if one is unfortunate, the darkness remains hidden within, unnoticed even by the person themselves. As a result, they sink deeper into sin. Thus, Mirvali – transformed into a “frog prince” by the swamp of sin – soils his hands with the blood of countless innocents, driven by his eyes that can never be filled except with soil and by his fear of losing his seat of power.

Conclusion

 Such Tolibjons and Mirvalis can be found in every era and every place – only under different names and appearances. As you read the work, you fell an urge to caress the head of the orphan and to seize the banner of Truth from the hands of the righteous, raising it high. Yet this is not something achieved through empty words or mere imagination. First and foremost, one must refuse to accept silence and prove resistance through action. Knowledge is essential both to give voice to the emotions surging within the diminishing their power. A reader of this book comes to understand that the root of all ignorance lies in heedlessness and indifference

References

1. Said Ahmad. Jimjitlik – Tashkent: G’afur G’ulom Publishing House, various editions.
2. Said Ahmad. Selected Works. – Tashkent: National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan Publishing House.
3. Qo’shjonov, M. Modern Uzbek Prose and Artistic Thought. – Tashkent.

Jumanazarova Mohlaroyim Islombek qizi was born in Uzbekistan on April 6, 2007. Currently, she is studying at Denou institute of entrepreneurship and pedagogy. She has successfully obtained a B2 level in English and holds several international certificates

The Importance of Critical Thinking in 21st-Century Education

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna,

Student of English Filology faculty, UZSWLU.

Email: zamiramoldiyeva219@gmail.com

Abstract: In the 21st century, education has shifted from rote memorization to the development of higher-order cognitive skills. Among these, critical thinking is recognized as one of the most essential competencies for modern learners. Critical thinking involves the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information logically and independently (Facione, 2013). This article examines the role of critical thinking in contemporary education, its relationship with higher-order thinking skills, problem-solving, and digital literacy, and explores effective pedagogical strategies for fostering critical thinking. The study argues that integrating critical thinking into educational systems is crucial for academic success, professional development, and responsible citizenship in a rapidly changing world.

Keywords: critical thinking, 21st-century skills, higher-order thinking, problem-based learning, digital literacy, education.

Introduction

Modern education systems operate in a rapidly evolving environment shaped by globalization, technological advancement, and the exponential growth of information. Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize memorization are increasingly inadequate for preparing students to navigate complex academic and social challenges. As a result, critical thinking has become a central objective of educational reform worldwide (OECD, 2019).

Critical thinking is defined as purposeful, self-regulatory judgment involving interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference (Facione, 2013). These abilities are closely related to higher-order cognitive processes described in Bloom’s revised taxonomy, such as analyzing, evaluating, and creating (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). Therefore, developing critical thinking is essential for equipping students with the skills needed for lifelong learning and adaptation in the modern world.

Literature Review

Concept of Critical Thinking

Critical thinking has been extensively studied in educational research. Ennis (2011) defines critical thinking as reasonable and reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do. Similarly, Paul and Elder (2006) emphasize that critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating one’s thinking in order to improve it. These definitions highlight that critical thinking encompasses both cognitive skills and metacognitive awareness.

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) serve as the foundation of critical thinking. Bloom’s revised taxonomy illustrates how learning progresses from lower-order skills, such as remembering and understanding, to higher-order skills, such as analysis and evaluation (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). Research shows that students who engage in higher-order thinking demonstrate deeper understanding and improved problem-solving abilities.

Role of Critical Thinking in Learning

Empirical studies indicate that critical thinking significantly contributes to academic achievement and cognitive development. Hattie (2009) found that teaching strategies promoting deep learning and critical engagement have a strong impact on student performance. Furthermore, Fisher and Scriven (1997) argue that critical thinking enhances students’ ability to interpret information, construct logical arguments, and make informed decisions.

In the digital era, critical thinking is closely connected to digital literacy. Buckingham (2007) notes that learners must critically evaluate online information, distinguish reliable sources from misinformation, and engage responsibly with digital media. Thus, critical thinking is essential not only for academic success but also for navigating the digital information landscape.

Discussion

Critical Thinking as a Core 21st-Century Skill

The rapid development of artificial intelligence, automation, and global communication networks has transformed the nature of work and learning. Employers increasingly value skills such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and adaptability (OECD, 2019).

Students equipped with critical thinking skills are better prepared to handle uncertainty, evaluate complex information, and develop innovative solutions.

Moreover, critical thinking is essential for global citizenship and democratic participation. It enables individuals to make informed judgments, resist misinformation, and engage constructively in social and political discourse.

Pedagogical Strategies for Developing Critical Thinking

Problem-Based Learning

Problem-based learning (PBL) encourages students to engage with real-world problems and develop solutions through inquiry and collaboration. Hmelo-Silver (2004) demonstrates that PBL enhances analytical reasoning and problem-solving skills by immersing students in authentic learning contexts.

Collaborative Learning

Collaborative learning environments promote interaction, dialogue, and shared problem-solving. Johnson and Johnson (2009) argue that cooperative learning fosters critical thinking by encouraging students to articulate ideas, evaluate alternative perspectives, and construct knowledge collectively.

Inquiry-Based Learning

Inquiry-based and inductive teaching methods stimulate higher-order thinking by encouraging students to actively construct knowledge rather than passively receive information. Prince and Felder (2006) highlight that inquiry-based approaches improve students’ conceptual understanding and critical reasoning skills.

Reflective Practice

Reflection is a key component of critical thinking. Schön (1983) suggests that reflective practice enables learners to examine their cognitive processes and improve their reasoning abilities. Tools such as journals, self-assessment tasks, and reflective discussions are effective in promoting metacognitive awareness.

Benefits of Critical Thinking

For students, critical thinking enhances academic performance, creativity, and decision-making abilities. Students who develop critical thinking skills are better equipped to evaluate information, solve complex problems, and adapt to new learning contexts.

For education systems, prioritizing critical thinking leads to deeper learning, increased student engagement, and innovation in teaching practices. Integrating critical thinking into curricula also aligns education with global standards and labor market demands.

For society, critical thinking contributes to informed citizenship, resistance to misinformation, and constructive social dialogue. It enables individuals to participate responsibly in democratic processes and contribute to social and technological progress.

Conclusion

Critical thinking is a fundamental competence for success in modern education and society. It enables learners to analyze information, solve problems, and make informed decisions in complex environments. The literature reviewed in this article demonstrates that critical thinking is closely linked to higher-order thinking skills, digital literacy, and lifelong learning.

Effective pedagogical approaches such as problem-based learning, collaborative learning, inquiry-based instruction, and reflective practice play a crucial role in developing critical thinking. Therefore, educational institutions must move beyond traditional memorization-based teaching and adopt innovative, student-centered approaches that foster critical reasoning and lifelong learning. Ultimately, cultivating critical thinking is essential for preparing students to navigate the challenges of a rapidly changing world.

References:

1.Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001).

A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives.

Link: https://books.google.com/books?id=jpV0AwAAQBAJ

2.Facione, P. A. (2013).

Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts.

Link (PDF): https://www.insightassessment.com/wp-content/uploads/ia/pdf/whatwhy.pdf

3.Ennis, R. H. (2011).

The nature of critical thinking.

Link: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-1356-5_2

4.Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006).

The miniature guide to critical thinking.

Link: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315630524

5.Hattie, J. (2009).

Visible Learning.

Link: https://www.routledge.com/Visible-Learning-A-Synthesis-of-Over-800-Meta-Analyses-Relating-to-Achievement/Hattie/p/book/9780415476188

6.Buckingham, D. (2007).

Digital media literacies.

Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17439880701343029

7.OECD (2019).

Future of Education and Skills 2030.

Link: https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/

8.Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004).

Problem-based learning.

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3

9.Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009).

Cooperative learning.

Link: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-15215-001

10.Prince, M., & Felder, R. (2006).

Inductive teaching and learning methods.

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2006.tb00884.x

11.Schön, D. A. (1983).

The reflective practitioner.

Link: https://www.routledge.com/The-Reflective-Practitioner-How-Professionals-Think-in-Action/Schon/p/book/9780465068784

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna was born on May 14, 2006, in Zomin district, Jizzakh region. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No. 47 named after Khayrulla Akhmedov in Zomin district. During her school years, a collection of poems titled “Qaldirg‘ochlar” (Swallows) was published with the participation of amateur student writers.

She is currently a second-year student at the Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Faculty of English Philology. She is a member of the “Aurora” volleyball team and a winner of several competitions. Zamira has been an active participant in projects such as “English Quest: Freshmen Edition,” “EmpowerHer: Republican Forum of Young Women Leaders,” and “Eco Marathon.” She has also taken part in various conferences and is the author of several articles.

My country

You are my wealth, my dearest and unique,

And always because of you my speech is art.

Don’t let your peace be broken and bleak,

I will not let your candle in my heart depart.

Your presence means that my existence is true,

I have no happiness and joy apart from you

My nation, in my heart, pride I knew,    

For you are the light that illuminates my way anew.

Born on July 20, 2011 in Gallaorol district, Jizzakh region. Her creative works are indexed on Google. She has many international certificates

THE IMPACT OF BILINGUALISM ON INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT

Nazarova Gulbaxor Azimjon qiz
UZSWLU, Associate Professor, PhD
Axramonova Laylo O‘ktam qizi
UzSWLU, Student
Uzbekistan, Tashkent
gaxramonovalaylo05@gmail.com

Abstract
Bilingualism has increasingly attracted scholarly attention as a significant factor influencing not only cognitive abilities but also individual personality development. Bilingualism is increasingly recognized as a factor that may influence individual personality development beyond linguistic competence. This article examines the impact of bilingualism on personality development by analyzing how the regular use of two languages relates to patterns of self-
expression, emotional regulation, and social interaction. Using a qualitative analytical approach, the article synthesizes recent empirical findings to identify consistent tendencies in personality variation among bilingual individuals. The analysis suggests that bilingualism is associated with greater flexibility in personality expression, particularly in traits such as openness, extraversion, and
emotional adaptability. These variations appear to be context-dependent, emerging in response to linguistic and cultural environments rather than representing fixed personality changes.

The findings support the view of personality as a dynamic
construct influenced by bilingual experience and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the psychological dimensions of bilingualism.

Key words: bilingualism, personality development, personality traits, language context, psychological adaptability
Аннотация
Билингвизм все чаще рассматривается как фактор, влияющий на развитие личности, выходящий за рамки языковой компетенции. В данной работе

исследуется влияние билингвизма на развитие индивидуальной личности путем анализа связи между регулярным использованием двух языков и особенностями самовыражения, эмоциональной регуляции и социального взаимодействия. В исследовании применяется качественно-аналитический
подход, направленный на выявление устойчивых тенденций личностных изменений у билингвальных индивидов. Результаты анализа показывают, что билингвизм связан с большей гибкостью проявления личностных черт, особенно таких как открытость опыту, экстраверсия и эмоциональная адаптивность. Выявленные изменения носят контекстуальный характер и
зависят от языковой и культурной среды, а не от стабильной трансформации личности. Полученные выводы подтверждают представление о личности как динамической структуре, формирующейся под влиянием билингвального опыта.

Ключевые слова: билингвизм, развитие личности, личностные черты, языковой контекст, психологическая адаптивность

INTRODUCTION
Bilingualism has become an increasingly common phenomenon in today’s globalized world, where individuals are frequently exposed to more than one language through education, migration, and intercultural communication. Beyond its well-documented cognitive and linguistic benefits, bilingualism has attracted growing academic interest as a factor that may influence individual personality development. Personality, understood as a relatively stable set of traits shaping behavior, emotions, and social interaction, can be shaped by environmental and experiential factors, including language use.

In bilingual contexts, language is not merely a communication tool but also a carrier of cultural values, social norms, and patterns of interaction. Individuals who regularly use more than one language often navigate different cultural frameworks, which may lead to variations in self-expression, emotional responses, and interpersonal behavior. As a result, bilingual individuals may display different personality tendencies depending on the language and social context in which they operate. This dynamic interaction between language and personality challenges traditional views of personality as a fixed and uniform construct.

Despite the growing recognition of this relationship, research on
bilingualism has historically focused more on cognitive advantages and language proficiency than on personality-related outcomes. Consequently, the impact of bilingual experience on personality development remains underexplored, particularly in terms of how sustained bilingual language use contributes to flexibility in personality traits such as openness, sociability, and emotional
regulation. Addressing this gap is essential for developing a more comprehensive understanding of bilingualism as a multidimensional phenomenon.

In recent years, increased attention has been given to interdisciplinary approaches combining psychology, sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics to examine the relationship between bilingualism and personality. These perspectives emphasize that personality development is influenced by social interaction and
cultural engagement, both of which are closely linked to language use. Bilingual environments provide individuals with repeated opportunities to adapt their behavior and communication styles, potentially shaping personality development over time. Given the expanding role of bilingualism in modern societies, it is important to investigate how bilingual language experience affects individual
personality development.

Early research on bilingualism primarily focused on its cognitive
consequences; however, recent studies have expanded this focus to include personality-related outcomes. Empirical evidence suggests that bilingual experience is associated with measurable differences in personality traits when compared to monolingual populations. For instance, quantitative studies employing trait-based models have reported statistically significant variations in openness to experience and extraversion among bilingual individuals. In several large-scale
survey studies with sample sizes ranging from approximately 200 to over 1,000 participants, bilingual speakers consistently scored higher on openness-related dimensions than their monolingual counterparts.

Research grounded in the Big Five personality framework has provided further statistical support for the relationship between bilingualism and personality development. Studies using bilingual versions of standardized personality inventories have demonstrated that participants’ trait scores vary depending on the language of assessment. Reported mean differences in extraversion and emotional stability have reached statistically significant levels indicating that language context influences personality expression rather than measurement error alone.

These findings suggest that bilingualism contributes to context-dependent variability in personality traits.

The findings of this study align with recent research suggesting that
bilingualism is associated with measurable patterns of personality development. Specifically, variations in traits such as openness, extraversion, and emotional adaptability indicate that bilingual experience fosters flexible personality expression. As Chen (2025) observed, bilingual immigrants often adjust their personality-related behaviors depending on the linguistic and cultural context, highlighting the situational nature of trait expression. This suggests that bilingualism does not fundamentally alter personality structure but enables context- sensitive adaptations.

The role of language as a situational cue is further supported by evidence from Dylman and Zakrisson (2023), who demonstrated significant differences in Big Five trait scores when bilingual participants completed personality inventories in different languages. For example, extraversion scores were consistently higher when participants responded in their more socially dominant language, indicating that language use activates specific behavioral tendencies. These findings are consistent with sociocultural and interactionist perspectives, which emphasize the influence of social context and communicative engagement on personality development (Biju, 2025).

The observed increase in openness among bilingual individuals may be attributed to regular exposure to diverse cultural perspectives and communicative norms. Biju (2025) noted that bilinguals frequently navigate multiple cultural frameworks, fostering adaptive and flexible responses in social interactions.

Similarly, variations in extraversion and emotional stability appear to be linked to the norms and expectations embedded in each language environment (Chen, 2025). Together, these studies indicate that bilingualism promotes situational adaptability rather than inconsistency in personality. However, the influence of bilingualism on personality should be interpreted cautiously. Effect sizes in empirical studies are generally small to moderate, suggesting that bilingualism interacts with other factors such as age of acquisition, proficiency, and sociocultural environment (Dylman & Zakrisson, 2023). Moreover, most studies rely on self-report measures,
which may be affected by language-specific response biases and cultural interpretations of questionnaire items (Chen, 2025; Biju, 2025). Longitudinal and mixed-methods approaches are therefore recommended to provide a clearer understanding of how bilingualism shapes personality over time.

Language-switching research has also produced quantifiable findings related to personality expression. Experimental studies measuring behavioral and self- report data indicate that bilingual participants adjust their communicative behavior when switching languages. For example, observational data from classroom and laboratory settings show increases in verbal output and interaction frequency when
participants use a socially dominant or emotionally familiar language.

In some studies, interaction rates increased by 15–25%, reflecting heightened confidence and social engagement in specific linguistic contexts. From a sociocultural perspective, longitudinal studies have examined personality development among bilingual individuals over time. Research involving immigrant and heritage-language speakers has reported moderate correlations between length of bilingual experience and traits associated with adaptability and social flexibility. These findings suggest that sustained bilingual
language use contributes to gradual personality development rather than immediate or categorical change.

Despite these statistically supported findings, limitations remain within the existing literature. Many studies rely on self-reported measures, which may introduce response bias, particularly when questionnaires are administered in different languages. Additionally, while statistically significant effects are frequently reported, effect sizes are often small to moderate, indicating that bilingualism interacts with other social and psychological factors in shaping
personality. Sample diversity also varies considerably across studies, with an overrepresentation of adult participants and university-based samples.

Overall, the literature provides growing statistical evidence that bilingualism is associated with measurable patterns of personality development. The presence of significant mean differences, correlations, and behavioral frequency changes across linguistic
contexts supports the view of personality as a flexible construct influenced by bilingual experience. Nevertheless, further research employing mixed-methods designs and larger, more diverse samples is necessary to strengthen the empirical foundation of this research area.

From a practical perspective, these findings have implications for
educational and intercultural settings. Recognizing the dynamic nature of personality expression in bilingual individuals can inform more culturally responsive teaching, assessment, and communication strategies. Educators should consider that traits such as extraversion, openness, and emotional adaptability may
manifest differently depending on the language and context in use.

CONCLUSION

The present article demonstrates that bilingualism plays a meaningful role in shaping individual personality development. Findings indicate that individuals who regularly engage with more than one language exhibit greater flexibility in the expression of traits such as openness, extraversion, and emotional adaptability.

These effects are context-dependent, reflecting the interaction between language, culture, and social environment, rather than permanent alterations of personality structure. By navigating multiple linguistic and cultural frameworks, bilingual individuals develop adaptive strategies for social interaction, emotional regulation,
and self-expression. This dynamic process highlights the experiential nature of personality development, positioning bilingualism as an influential factor in psychological growth and interpersonal competence. Understanding the impact of bilingualism on personality

has practical implications for education, intercultural
communication, and applied psychology. Recognizing the variability and adaptability of personality in bilingual contexts can inform teaching methods, enhance cross-cultural engagement, and guide future research on the interplay between language and individual psychological development.

In conclusion, bilingualism should be viewed as a dynamic contributor to personality formation, fostering adaptability, social awareness, and context-sensitive behavior, which collectively enrich an individual’s psychological and interpersonal capacities.

REFERENCES:

1. Chen, X. (2025). Dynamic stages of personality adjustment: Language switching and acculturation in first-generation Chinese immigrants. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 906. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03222-w
2. Dylman, A., & Zakrisson, I. (2023). The effect of language and cultural context on the BIG-5 personality inventory in bilinguals. Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2023.2186414
3. Biju, K. (2025). Effect of bilingualism on an individual’s personality: A
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4. Lee, Y. (2025). The language effect: Investigating the impact of language switching on personality in Korean – English bilinguals. Journal of Applied Language Learning, 2(2), 01–12.
5. Reddy, N. (2025). Language and personality: A psychological study of multilingual speakers. International Journal of Research in Humanities & Social Sciences (IJRHS). https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrhs.net.v13.i5.6
6. Chapman, A. (2025). Bilingualism and personality: Exploring the impact of language and culture on personality traits in English -French bilinguals. Senior Independent Study Thesis.
7. Khayitmuratova, Y. I. (2025). Bilingualism and its influence on cognitive processes, personality. Conference thesis, Zenodo.
8. Bakhromova, M. (2024). Exploring personality and language use in
   bilinguals. Conference of Natural and Applied Sciences in Scientific
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9. Sodikova, N. B. (2024). Bilingualism and cultural identity. International Multidisciplinary Journal for Research & Development, 11(11).
10. Mushtariybegim, A. (2025). Bilingualism and multilingualism as a result of sociocultural environment influence. Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology, 5(12), 181–184.
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ZAMONAVIY   HAYOTDA   INGLIZ  TILINI  O`RGANISHNING

AHAMIYATI.

Samarqand Davlat Chet Tillar Instituti

Xorijiy Til Adabiyot Yo`nalishi 3-Kurs
talabasi   Mahmudjonova Ruhshonabonu              

Annotatsiya: ushbu  maqolada  ingliz tilining  zamonaviy jamiyatdagi o`rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.unda ingliz tilining xalqaro muloqot vositasi sifatida ta`lim ,ilm-fan,tehnologiya hamda biznes sohalarida keng qo`llanilishi yoritiladi.shuningdek,ingliz tilini bilish shaxsning bilim va dunyoqarashini kengaytirishi,xorijda ta`lim olish va yuqori malakali ish  topish imkoniyatlarini oshirishi ta`kidlanadi.maqolada ingliz tilining turli millat va madaniyat vakillari o`rtasida samarali aloqa o`rnatishdagi roli ham ko`rsatib o`tiladi.nafaqat zamonaviy hayotda balki zamonaviylashib borayotgan insonlar orasida ingliz tilini o`rganish judayam katta rol o`ynaydi,chunki bugungi rivojlanayotgan zaminda ingliz tili eng yuqori til sifatida ro`yxatlardan joy olmoqda.

Kalit so`zar: muloqot vositasi,ta`lim sohalari,dunyoqarash,yuqori malakali ish,chet elda rivojlanish,millatlar orasida aloqa,zamonni va ingliz tilini o`zaro bog`liqligi.

Annotation: this article analyzes the role and importance of the english language in modern society. It highlights the wide use of english as an international means of communication in the fields of education, science, technology, and business. Moreover, knowing english helps broaden an individual’s knowledge and worldview, as well as increases opportunities to study abroad and obtain highly qualified jobs. The article also emphasizes the role of english in establishing effective communication among people of different nations and cultures. Not only in modern life but also among people who are adapting to modernization, learning english plays a significant role, because in today’s developing world english ranks as one of the most important and widely used languages.

Key words: means of communication, education sectors, worldview, highly qualified job, development abroad, intercultural communication, relationship between time and the english language

Aннотация: в данной статье анализируются роль и значение английского языка в современном обществе. Освещается широкое применение английского языка как международного средства общения в сферах образования, науки, технологий и бизнеса. Кроме того, подчёркивается, что знание английского языка расширяет кругозор и уровень знаний человека, а также повышает возможности получения образования за рубежом и трудоустройства на высококвалифицированные должности. В статье также рассматривается роль английского языка в установлении эффективной коммуникации между представителями различных наций и культур. Не только в современной жизни, но и среди людей, адаптирующихся к процессам модернизации, изучение английского языка играет важную роль, поскольку в условиях стремительно развивающегося мира английский язык занимает лидирующие позиции среди наиболее востребованных языков.

Ключевые слова: средство общения, сферы образования, кругозор, высококвалифицированная работа, развитие за рубежом, межнациональная коммуникация, взаимосвязь времени и английского языка

Introduction

Nowadays, interest in learning foreign languages is rapidly increasing. This growing interest helps all of us to develop comprehensively. As time progresses, people also develop; that is, by learning languages, broadening our worldview, acquiring knowledge that is unfamiliar to us, and leaving a beneficial legacy for the younger generation, we grow in harmony with the modern era. In this regard, if we place special emphasis on the English language, it has gained particular importance worldwide as an international means of communication. English is widely used in education, science, technology, business, and many other fields, ensuring effective cooperation between different countries.

However, while learning English, we may face several challenges. For example, while using modern technologies for language learning, there is a possibility of encountering unnecessary websites or accessing inappropriate channels or groups. To prevent such situations, today’s language-learning technologies are being developed with a strong focus on security. Learning English opens the doors to broad opportunities and success. Knowledge of English enhances an individual’s intellectual potential, expands their worldview, and creates new opportunities in education and professional activity. Therefore, in modern society, learning English is one of the most pressing issues and is considered an important factor in personal and professional development.

Main Part

Today, English is recognized worldwide as one of the most widespread and most frequently used languages. It has become the primary means of communication in international relations, science, education, technology, and business. As cooperation between countries continues to intensify in modern society, the need for a common language is increasing, and English largely fulfills this role. According to linguist David Crystal, English has attained the status of a “global language” and is used as an official or second language in many regions of the world. This clearly demonstrates the prestige and significance of English on the international stage.

First of all, English plays an invaluable role in the field of education. Today, in leading universities, research centers, and scientific institutions around the world, lectures, academic work, and educational materials are mainly conducted in English. A large proportion of scientific articles are published in international journals in English. The fact that most articles indexed in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science are written in English further proves this point. Consequently, students who do not know English cannot fully benefit from global scientific information. In his research, Graddol notes that knowledge of English is a key factor in academic success and integration into the international education system. By learning English, students gain access to foreign grants, scholarships, exchange programs, and opportunities to study at prestigious higher education institutions.

In addition, English plays a crucial role in professional activity. The modern labor market is becoming increasingly international. Many companies cooperate with partners from different countries and introduce their products and services to the global market. In such conditions, employees are required to communicate with foreign partners, work with documents, and conduct negotiations. This inevitably requires proficiency in English.

1. Analysis of Opportunities and Existing Conditions

1. Scientific research shows that specialists who know English have greater opportunities to obtain high-income jobs. Especially in the fields of information technology, tourism, banking and finance, marketing, logistics, and international trade, knowledge of English is considered a primary requirement. As a result, English becomes an important tool that increases professional competitiveness by nearly 90%.
2. Another important aspect of English is its role as an international means of communication. To ensure mutual understanding among people of different nationalities, religions, and cultures, a common language is essential. Today, English fulfills this role. English has gained popularity in approximately 85% of nations and states worldwide. Seidlhofer describes English as a “lingua franca,” emphasizing that it simplifies communication among people from different linguistic backgrounds. For example, English is used as the main language at international conferences, forums, scientific seminars, diplomatic meetings, and sports events. This strengthens cooperation between nations and accelerates global integration.
3. Furthermore, English occupies a leading position in the fields of information technology and the internet. By 2026, English continues to develop rapidly, which is considered one of its greatest achievements. Currently, a large portion of information available on the internet is presented in English. Software programs, online courses, scientific platforms, electronic libraries, and innovative technologies are mainly developed in English. A person who knows English can fully utilize these resources and independently enhance their knowledge, which provides a significant advantage in today’s information society.
4. Researchers emphasize that bilingual individuals have higher cognitive flexibility. In other words, people who know more than one language can solve problems more quickly, adapt more easily to new situations, and demonstrate greater creativity. Moreover, learning a foreign language helps individuals understand other cultures, fostering tolerance and open-mindedness. From a cultural perspective, English is also of great importance. Knowledge of English allows individuals to access world literature, art, cinema, and music. It enables them to understand famous works, films, scientific lectures, and cultural materials in their original form, thereby enriching their spiritual and intellectual life. English occupies a leading position in education, science, technology, economics, culture, and international relations. A person who knows English gains broad opportunities and can actively participate in the global arena.

Analysis of Barriers and Challenges

1. As mentioned earlier, interest in learning English is rapidly increasing today. While this is positive on the one hand, it may also lead to certain negative aspects. Focusing solely on one language can result in undervaluing other languages and failing to view them equally, which may sometimes cause misunderstandings.
2. It cannot be said that there are no obstacles to learning English, as every language has its own rules and structures. When discussing the importance of learning English in modern life, it is essential to adapt the learning process to contemporary conditions and implement appropriate measures.
3. In this regard, I conducted several surveys among 5th and 6th-grade students at School No. 41 based on their voluntary participation. Through these surveys, I identified students’ interest in language learning and determined which methods were most effective for them. Each class consisted of 25 students, and 100% of the students from both classes participated. I used open-ended surveys, paper-based questionnaires, and individual interviews.
4. Additionally, I employed a passive observation method, carefully monitoring the process. This method helped me conduct calm, individual surveys with students. I provided explanations only when necessary, and students completed all tasks independently using the task-based learning method. The results showed that some students preferred learning a language through games and engaging activities, while others favored a calm, formal, and theoretical approach. The conclusion is that before teaching a language, it is important to communicate with students to understand why they want to learn the language and for what purpose, and then apply appropriate methods and techniques accordingly.

International Examples

1. According to Crystal, English has become the main language of the global digital space. Learning English also has a positive impact on an individual’s intellectual and psychological development. During the process of learning a foreign language, memory, attention, and logical thinking skills are enhanced.
2. Richards and Rodgers note that language learning not only develops communicative skills but also shapes cultural awareness. Thus, English has deeply penetrated almost all spheres of modern society.

Conclusion

In conclusion, English is considered the key to success in the modern world. It provides individuals with opportunities to obtain quality education, advance professionally, engage in international communication, and achieve personal development. In today’s globalized society, knowledge of English enhances an individual’s competitiveness and enables them to actively participate in modern development processes. Therefore, learning English has become a necessity for every young person and professional.

References

1.Crystal, d. English as a global language. Cambridge university press.

2. Graddol, d. The future of english? British council.

3.education first. English proficiency index report.

4. Seidlhofer, b. Understanding english as a lingua franca. Oxford university press.

5.Bialystok, e. “bilingualism and cognitive development.” Journal of applied linguistics.

6. Richards, j., rodgers, t. Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge university press.