At a recent Poetry Conference organized by Sanskar Bharti, Chandigarh, [4th Jan 2026], Dr. Jernail S. Anand, who chaired the Poetry Conference, in his presidential address made a reference to the raging issues of our times.
Knowledge versus Wisdom
The highlight of his speech was his distinction between Knowledge and Wisdom. He pointed out that Knowledge is the domain of Satan, because it was Satan who had tempted Eve to eat the fruit of Knowledge. The Empire of Knowledge that we have created with science and technology is a great achievement of human mind. But it has a tragic flaw.
After getting knowledge, men should become wise. Where is wisdom? Where is innocence? Guile thy name is man. This is what our knowledge has done to man. He has become a gangster. He is not in his senses today. Success has gone to his head.
Is it not a fall down the abyss? Knowledge has made man proud and arrogant, whereas wisdom makes him humble. This is the line which can be drawn between the two.
The Chaos in Modern Life
Referring to the chaos in the life of the modern man, Dr. Anand observed that we have spent more time on studying history, leaving no space for study of the Present and we have shown absolutely no concern with the Future. He pointed out that Universities which dispense knowledge have Departments of History but where is Dept of the Present and Dept of Future?
The think tanks are discussing history, which is now a fixture and cannot be edited. And what we have missed sorely is planning for today and tomorrow. As an example, he pointed out that our marriages have problems. Is there any new philosophy in place to keep men and women in a state of balance? Can peace be brought to family life? Our girls and women who work in night shifts, when going home in autos, are they safe from gangsters? If not, how can we leave our society fall down the abyss?
Don’t we need to ensure that women are safe in this society? Such things need our attention, not who attacked whom in history and on which date.
Poetry as a Part-time Affair
Dr Anand made a startling disclosure that almost all the poets are part time because Poetry affords no career for anybody on which he could live. Poetry is good as a passion. It is not the cup of tea for the society, for the simple reason that poets are most self-obsessed. If they talk of society, it is in high-flown fantasies. Poets are called unacknowledged legislators, but he thinks that they are para-prophets also.
They feel the pain of the society and present it in their poems. Poetry that is immortal, is the poetry that talks of the immortal, he observed.
Dr Jernail Singh Anand is an Indian poet, with an oeuvre of 200 books, out of which 18 are epics. Laureate of Seneca, Charter of Morava, Franz Kafka, Maxim Gorky Awards, he was recently crowned Best Author of the Year 2025 by a Vietnam Poetry Organization, Rhythm. He is President of the International Academy of Ethics. His name adorns the Poets’ Rock in Serbia. Anand is a towering literary figure whose work embodies a rare fusion of creativity, intellect, and moral vision.
(DOB 07/06/1973) is a passionate Indian Author-cum- bilingual poet while a tremendous Asst Professor of English by profession in the Ganjam district of Odisha. He is an accomplished source of inspiration for young generation of India. His free verse on Romantic and melancholic poems appreciated by everyone. He belongs to a small typical village Nandiagada of Ganjam District,the state of Odisha.After schooling he studied intermediate and Graduated in Kabisurjya Baladev vigyan Mahavidyalaya then M A in English from Berhampur University PhD in language and literature and D. Litt from Colombian poetic house from South America.
He promotes his specific writings around the world literature and trades with multiple stems that are related to current issues based on his observation and experiences that needs urgent attention. He is an award-winning writer who has achieved various laurels from the circle of writing worldwide. His free verse poems not only inspire young readers but also the ready of current time. His poetic symbol is right now inspiring others, some of which are appreciated by laurels of India and across the world. Many of his poems been translated in different Indian languages and got global appreciation. Lots of well wishes for his upcoming writings and success in future.
He is an award-winning poet author of many best seller books. Recently he was awarded Rabindra nath Tagore and Gujarat Sahitya Academy for the year 2022 from Motivational Strips. Jaidev Puraskar from Kavita Minar Badamba Cuttack A gold medal from world union of poets France & winner Of Rahim Karims world literary prize 2023.The government of Odisha Higher Education Department appointed him as a president to Governing body of Padmashree Dr Ghanashyam Mishra Sanskrit Degree College, Kabisurjyanagar. Winner of ” HYPERPOEM ” GUNIESS WORLD RECORD 2023.Recently he was awarded at the SABDA literary Festival at Assam. Highest literary honour from Peru contributing world literature 2024.Prestigious Cesar Vellejo award 2024 & Highest literary honour from Peru. Director at Samrat Educational charitable Trust Berhampur, Ganjam Odisha.
Vicedomini of the World Union of Poets, Italy. UHE awarded him the prestigious Golden Eagle award for his contributions to world literature in 2025.
Completed 257 epistolary poems with American poet Kristy Raines.
Bharat Seva Ratna National award 2025, International Glory award from Manam Foundation Hyderabad Telengana. On the eve of the 1979 Independence Day celebration he earned the Rashtra Ratna award & Maa Bharati Seva Sammana. In 2025 he received a doctorate in Humanity and Literature from Theophany University in Haiti with UNESCO, AEADO and the leaders of Autonomy International. The Prince of Crimea and the Golden Horde from the House of Genghis Khan gave him the prestigious title of “Honorary Bey.”
Received Sahitya Ratnakar from New Delhi 2025, Honorary Doctorate from RMF University collaborated with east and west university Florida United States of America on the eve of International Peace Day. Prestigious THE CONDOR OF ANDES from UHE Mexico 2025. PRESTIGIOUS DOCTORATE from VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE AND WORLD PEACE 2025. Nominated for Padmashree 2025. Three-time Gold from the world Union of Poets France. Doctorate from Theophany university Haiti contribution for the world literature 2025. SAHITYA RATNAKAR from New Delhi. Dr. Mayadhar Mansigh Saraswat Samman 2025. Doctorate in Gandhian Philosophy, Peace and Humanity 2025.
Doctorate from Victoria University for Peace 2026. UHE of Peru appointed him as a World Ambassador for Peace and Justice 2026.Valiant of the Nation Award 2026 on the eve of the 129th birthday commemoration for Subash Chandra Bose.
INTERNATIONAL BOOKS
1.Psalm of the Soul 2. Rise of New Dawn 3. Secret Of Torment 4. Everything I Never Told You. 5.Vision Of Life National Library Kolkata 6.100 Shadows of Dream 7. Timeless Anguish 8. Voice of Silence 9.I Cross my Heart from East to West and epistolary poetry with Kristy Raines, published in USA.
I think of laying floors, plastering walls, sanding
I think of breaking down left wing panels and
Wallpapering right wing partition fortifications
I think of painting over things past to create
A pseudo phantasm of things present
I think of cladding, wrapping pipes and erecting pipe ducts
Pounding steel rods into reluctantly receptive grounds
Constructing precarious structures that might soon
Crumble under Mount Vesuvius like destruction of
A Roman city in seventy-nine Anno Domini…
Or is this simply a construction of the deconstruction of
A soon to be dissolution of our democracy?!
Jacques Fleury
Jacques Fleury is a Boston Globe featured Haitian American Poet, Educator, Author of four books and literary arts student at Harvard University online. His latest publication “You Are Enough: The Journey to Accepting Your Authentic Self” & other titles are available at all Boston Public Libraries, the University of Massachusetts Healey Library, University of Wyoming, Askews and Holts Library Services in the United Kingdom, The Harvard Book Store, The Grolier Poetry Bookshop, Amazon etc… He has been published in prestigious publications such as Spirit of Change Magazine, Wilderness House Literary Review, Muddy River Poetry Review, Litterateur Redefining World anthologies out of India, Poets Reading the News, the Cornell University Press anthology Class Lives: Stories from Our Economic Divide, Boston Area Small Press and Poetry Scene among others…Visit him at: http://www.authorsden.com/jacquesfleury.–
Jacques Fleury’s book You Are Enough: The Journey Towards Understanding Your Authentic Self
I’m at a funeral of someone I barely know. He’s a third cousin of my wife or something. She hardly knows him either. The death of strangers…it’s a family thing.
We sit in the rear of the church, far away from the teary ones who actually knew the guy. We’re sad for them. It’s the best we can do.
Then it’s to the cemetery. We’re so far back of the hearse, it’s like we’re at the head of someone else’s procession.
We pray at the gravesite, pray that no one asks who we are. Then it’s back to the house for catered devils eggs and chicken salad sandwiches.
Even my wife isn’t sure if it’s the right house or not. But there’s one of her aunts. “He was only fifty-five,” she says.
Or at least, that’s what her third cousin told her nephew-in-law. An hour later, we leave, thinking to ourselves, someone died
and we’re just moderately upset. Ah death, if only you would keep your distance thus. Like a third cousin or something. And on my wife’s side.
John Grey is an Australian poet, US resident, recently published in Midnight Mind, Trampoline and Flights. Latest books, “Bittersweet”, “Subject Matters” and “Between Two Fires” are available through Amazon. Work upcoming in Levitate, White Wall Review and Willow Review.
The role of public transportation in improving tourism in Uzbekistan
Shavkatova Mohinabonu Oybek qizi student of the Uzbekistan state world language university
Scientific adviser: Zulxumor Xatamovna Bannopova senior teacher of State world language university
Annotation
This article examines the critical role of public transportation in enhancing tourism in Uzbekistan. It highlights three key aspects: accessibility and convenience for tourists, economic and social benefits, and sustainable tourism development. Drawing on the works of C. Michael Hall (2010) and Stephen Page (2009), as well as policy reports by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2013; 2019), the study demonstrates that efficient public transport systems increase tourist mobility, promote regional economic growth, support social inclusion, and preserve cultural and natural heritage. The article argues that strategic investment in eco-friendly and well-integrated transport infrastructure is essential for Uzbekistan’s competitiveness in the global tourism market and for fostering responsible and sustainable tourism development.
Keywords:Public Transportation, Tourism Development, Accessibility, Economic Benefits, Social Benefits, Sustainable Tourism, Policy and Planning, Uzbekistan, Eco-friendly Transport, Cultural Heritage
Introduction
Tourism has become one of the key drivers of economic growth and cultural exchange in Uzbekistan. As the country continues to open its doors to international visitors, the development of effective infrastructure has gained increasing importance. Among various factors, public transportation plays a central role in shaping tourists’ experiences by determining how easily and efficiently they can access destinations. A reliable and well-organized public transport system not only improves accessibility and convenience for tourists but also generates significant economic and social benefits while supporting sustainable tourism development. Therefore, examining the role of public transportation is essential to understanding how tourism in Uzbekistan can be strengthened in the long term.
Accessibility and convenience for tourists
A well-developed public transportation system is a fundamental factor in improving accessibility for tourists in Uzbekistan. Efficient railway networks, urban metro systems, and intercity bus services enable visitors to travel comfortably between major destinations, reducing dependence on private transport and minimizing travel-related difficulties. High-speed rail connections such as Afrosiyob significantly reduce travel time and encourage tourists to explore multiple regions within a limited period, thereby enhancing the overall tourism experience. Moreover, clear transport routes, improved service quality, and the availability of multilingual information systems increase convenience for international visitors. As a result, effective public transportation not only improves tourist mobility but also increases Uzbekistan’s competitiveness in the global tourism market by making the country more accessible, attractive, and tourist friendly. Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships. Pearson Education.
Inside the ‘black box’ of tourism planning and policy: setting a context
Tourism is now a major area of academic, government, industry and public concern. While it is now an oft-cited truism that tourism is the world’s largest industry, tourism is significant not just because of its size in terms of the number of people travelling, how many people it employs, or how much money it brings into a destination. Tourism is significant also because of the enormous impact it has on people’s lives and on the places in which they live, and because of the way in which tourism is itself substantially affected by the world around it.
The World Tourism Organization’s (1997, 2001, 2006a) forecasts predict that by 2020 international arrivals will reach nearly 1.6 billion. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.2 billion will be intraregional and 378 million will be long-haul travellers. By 2020 the top three receiving regions will be Europe (717 million tourists), East Asia and the Pacific (397 million) and the Americas (282 million), followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia (Table 1.1).
International tourism flows and patterns do not occur randomly. They are the result of a number of factors including economic growth, cultural factors and access to transport. However, most importantly for the purposes of this book, they are also the result of the activities of states and their policies and planning strategies and behaviours. For example, at the most basic level international travel requires a policy decision with respect to the agreement of a state to allow entry. Nowhere in international law is there en-shrined a right to enter foreign spaces. Even the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights only postulates a right of exit and entry to one’s own country (article 13) (Hall 2006c). Indeed, the right to control and restrict entry into state territory as well as to determine where people can travel within a country has ‘historically been viewed as inherent in the very nature of sovereignty (Collinson 1996: 77).
This chapter will set part of the context for the book by overviewing some of the key concepts of ‘planning’ and ‘policy’ and the relationships between them, as well as discussing the concept of tourism utilised in this book. The chapter will then go on to sketch the scope of tourism planning before briefly outlining the remainder of the book.
2. Economic and social benefits (Policy and development focus)
Efficient public transportation systems generate significant economic and social benefits that extend beyond the tourism sector. From a policy and development perspective, improved transport infrastructure facilitates greater tourist mobility, leading to increased spending across various regions. This stimulates local economies by supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, including hotels, restaurants, and cultural services. In addition, public transportation development creates employment opportunities and encourages balanced regional growth by improving access to remote and less-developed areas. Socially, enhanced mobility strengthens social inclusion by connecting communities with economic and cultural centers, while also improving the quality of life for residents. Consequently, investment in public transportation serves as a strategic policy tool that supports sustainable economic development and long-term tourism growth. Stephen Page Page, S. J. (2009). Transport and Tourism: Global Perspectives. Even though there is an ongoing controversy over the extent to which tourism can be defined as both an industry and a service activity (see Leiper 2008 for example),
it is widely recognised that tourism combines a broad range of economic activities and services designed to meet the needs of tourists. It is also evident from some of the recent studies of air transport (e.g. ATAG 2000, 2008; Graham et al. 2008) that the tourism sector is a broad, all-encompassing term which includes accommodation, catering, transport and ancillary services. Therefore, using the term tourism can tend to obscure the wider significance of the transport sector in tourist travel due to the tendency to generalise its role and significance. For example, Figure 1.1 shows that if one looks at the air transport sector as a component of this wider tourism sector, it is a complex amalgam of interests comprising producers and consumers, of which the airline industry includes a wide range of stakeholders.
The same can be said for other transportation sectors that are involved in transporting tourists or in the mobility of tourists. Likewise, if one then considers the interrelationship between air transport and tourism from an economic perspective (Figure 1.2), the wider significance of direct tourist spending on transport and the indirect benefits in terms of employment and other spin-offs is self-evident. All too often there is a tendency by analysts and researchers to overlook these fundamental relationships that become more obvious when an economic perspective is taken and critical relationships between consumers and producers are highlighted.
Consequently, transport provides the essential link between tourism origin and destination areas and facilitates the movement of holidaymakers, business travellers, people visiting friends and relatives and those undertaking educational and health tourism. Transport is also a key element of the ‘tourist experience’ (Pearce 1982; Moscardo and Pearce 2004) and some commentators (e.g. Middleton 1988; Tourism Society 1990) view it as an integral part of the tourism industry.
3. Sustainable Tourism Development (Strategic Importance)
Sustainable tourism has become a strategic priority for countries aiming to balance economic growth with environmental preservation. According to C. Michael Hall (2010), the development of eco-friendly public transportation systems is essential for reducing the environmental impact of tourism, particularly in historically significant and ecologically sensitive areas. Efficient public transport minimizes private vehicle use, reduces traffic congestion, and lowers carbon emissions, thereby protecting cultural heritage and natural resources. Stephen Page (2009) emphasizes that sustainable transport not only supports environmental goals but also enhances the long-term attractiveness of destinations by improving the quality of the tourist experience.
Furthermore, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2019) highlights that integrating sustainable transport strategies into tourism planning strengthens regional development, promotes social inclusion, and ensures economic benefits are maintained over time. In the context of Uzbekistan, prioritizing sustainable public transportation is therefore a crucial policy measure that can support responsible tourism growth, safeguard the country’s unique cultural and natural heritage, and enhance its global competitiveness as a tourism destination. Hall, C. M. (2011).
Policy Responses to Tourism Sustainability. Policy problem attributes of sustainable tourism. Sustainability is a meta-policy problem that has led to new institutional arrangements and policy settings at international, national and local scales. Sustainable tourism is a sub-set of this broader policy arena with its own specific set of institutions and policy actors at various scales as well as being a sub-set of tourism policy overall.
It has long been recognised that the various elements of sustainability affect the capacity of public policymaking to provide effective sustainable tourism outcomes (e.g. Bramwell & Lane, 1993; Butler, 1991; Hall & Lew, 1998; Wheeler, 1993). Yet, despite the length of time the policy problem attributes of sustainability have been recognised, there appears little advance in making the sustainability of tourism more tractable to solution. Several reasons for this can be advanced.
Conclusion
In conclusion, public transportation plays a pivotal role in enhancing tourism in Uzbekistan by improving accessibility, providing economic and social benefits, and promoting sustainable development. As C. Michael Hall (2010) emphasizes, well-planned transport infrastructure not only facilitates tourist mobility but also supports regional economic growth and preserves cultural heritage. Stephen Page (2009) highlights that eco-friendly and efficient public transport enhances the overall tourist experience, encourages longer visits, and increases expenditure across local businesses. Furthermore, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2019) stresses that integrating sustainable transport strategies into tourism planning reduces environmental impacts, strengthens social inclusion, and ensures long-term economic benefits. Therefore, strategic investment in public transportation should be a central policy priority for Uzbekistan, as it can improve the country’s competitiveness as a global tourism destination while fostering responsible and sustainable growth.
Reference:
Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships. Pearson Education.
Page, S. J. (2009). Transport and Tourism: Global Perspectives.
Hall, C. M. (2011). Policy Responses to Tourism Sustainability
Zulfiya Isroilova, known as Zulfiyaxonim, is one of the most outstanding poets in Uzbek literature. She is remembered for her emotional poems, strong character, and lifelong devotion to art and love. Her works continue to inspire many generations.
Zulfiyaxonim was born on March 1, 1915, in Tashkent. From a young age, she showed great interest in poetry and literature. Her poems mainly focus on love, loyalty, patriotism, nature, and the inner strength of women. She wrote with deep feelings and sincerity, which made her works close to readers’ hearts.
Her personal life greatly influenced her creations. She was married to the famous Uzbek poet Hamid Olimjon. After his tragic death, she remained loyal to his memory for the rest of her life. This loyalty and sadness can be seen in many of her poems. Besides writing, she also supported young writers and contributed to the cultural development of Uzbekistan.
In conclusion, Zulfiyaxonim is not only a great poet but also a symbol of devotion, strength, and patriotism. Her literary heritage remains valuable today, and her poems continue to teach readers about love, loyalty, and courage.
My name is Munisa Yo’ldosheva. I was born on 6 July 2007. I am from Khorezm region of Uzbekistan.
Now I am a first-year student at Uzbekistan State world Language University. I study at the Faculty of English Philology. I chose this faculty because I am interested in learning English and foreign languages.
In the future, I want to become a good English specialist and achieve my goals.
Abdusaidova Jasmina was born on July 20, 2011, in Gallaorol District of Jizzakh Region. She is a young creative talent and aspiring writer who continues to actively pursue her artistic work. She has participated in numerous competitions and events, winning prestigious first, second, and third places.
From an early age, she developed a strong passion for learning and has tested herself in various fields and disciplines. She is the recipient of the “Best Leader” nomination award.
Her creative works have been published several times in the international newspapers Classico Opine and Kenya Times. They have also been featured on international platforms such as Atunis Galaxy Poetry (Albania), Alessandria Today (Italy), and SynchChaos (United States).
She serves as an ambassador for three international organizations in India. Her creative works are indexed on Google.
She actively participated in the creative festival titled “Mosaic of Nations – 8 Countries, 1 Stage, 1 Heart,” where she won first place and was awarded the “Ambassador of Friendship” badge.
She is also a member of the Writers’ Union of Argentina.
Alisher Navoiy and His Literary Heritage: His Unparalleled Place in Uzbek Literature
Abstract
Alisher Navoiy is one of the greatest figures in the history of Uzbek literature. His творчество not only made an immense contribution to the development of the Uzbek language but also had a profound influence on world literature. This article explores Alisher Navoiy’s life, literary heritage, philosophical views, most famous works, and historical significance. It also analyzes how Navoiy’s творчество is perceived in the modern era and how his works influence the thinking and worldview of contemporary readers. Navoiy is examined as a poet, thinker, and statesman, and his role in today’s cultural and spiritual heritage is evaluated.
Keywords: Alisher Navoiy, Uzbek literature, poetry, Fuzuli, love, Sufism, historical heritage
Introduction
Alisher Navoiy (1441–1501) is recognized as one of the greatest poets and literary figures of Central Asia. Born in the city of Herat (present-day Afghanistan), Navoiy had an unparalleled influence not only on Uzbek literature but also on the development of the entire Turkic and Persian literary traditions. The deep philosophical thought, spiritual meaning, and poetic mastery found in his works have been studied for centuries. This article provides a detailed analysis of Navoiy’s contribution to literature and culture, as well as his life, works, and philosophical views.
Main Part
1. Alisher Navoiy: His Life and Personality
Alisher Navoiy was born in 1441 in Herat, which was part of the Timurid Empire. Raised in an intellectually rich family, he studied literature, philosophy, logic, astronomy, and religious sciences from a young age. Despite living during a period of political instability, he served as a minister in the court of Sultan Husayn Bayqara.
Although he was a statesman, he paid great attention to the development of art, science, and literature, supporting many scholars and poets. His personality harmoniously combined the qualities of a politician, poet, and Sufi thinker.
2. Navoiy’s Works: The Harmony of Poetry and Philosophy
Alisher Navoiy was an extremely prolific writer, and his works cover a wide range of themes, including love, morality, justice, enlightenment, and spiritual perfection.
His most famous work is Khamsa (“The Quintet”), a collection of five epic poems, which includes:
Hayrat al-Abrar (“Wonder of the Righteous”) – a moral and philosophical work discussing virtue and the spiritual principles of society.
Farhad and Shirin – an epic devoted to tragic love.
Layli and Majnun – a famous love story symbolizing divine love and spiritual madness.
Sab’ai Sayyar (“Seven Planets”) – a work about enlightenment, justice, and governance.
Saddi Iskandari (“The Wall of Alexander”) – a poem devoted to wisdom, politics, and leadership.
Navoiy’s mastery of language, thought, and genre has ensured that his works remain valued not only in his own era but also today.
3. Sufism and Philosophy: The Foundation of Navoiy’s Worldview
One of the most important aspects of Navoiy’s творчество is Sufi philosophy. Sufism is based on the ideas of spiritual purification, closeness to God, and the cleansing of the soul.
In his work Muhabbatnama (“The Book of Love”), the concept of love is interpreted not only as a feeling between people but also as a spiritual path toward reaching the Creator.
For Navoiy, true love is the path that leads the soul toward perfection.
4. Navoiy and the Uzbek Literary Language
Although Navoiy wrote in two languages—Persian and Turkic (Chagatai)—his greatest contribution was elevating the Turkic language to a high literary level. During a time when Persian dominated literary expression, he deliberately wrote in Turkic and demonstrated its rich expressive possibilities.
By doing so, he laid a strong foundation for Uzbek literature.
5. Navoiy’s Legacy in Modern Literature and Thought
Even today, Alisher Navoiy’s творчество has not lost its relevance. His works have been translated into many languages and are studied worldwide. In Uzbekistan, February 9 is celebrated annually as “Navoiy Day.”
His ideas about justice, compassion, knowledge, and love remain an invaluable spiritual heritage for modern society.
Conclusion
Alisher Navoiy was not only a poet but also a great thinker, statesman, and spiritual leader whose influence has endured for centuries. The poetic beauty, philosophical depth, and spiritual values in his works continue to inspire humanity to reflect and to cultivate self-improvement.
Navoiy’s heritage is an invaluable treasure of the Uzbek people and an integral part of world culture.
References
Navoiy, A. (2013). Khamsa (Five Epics). Tashkent: Akademnashr.
Navoiy, A. (2011). Hayrat al-Abrar. Tashkent: Gafur Ghulom Publishing House.
Navoiy, A. (2012). Lison ut-Tayr. Tashkent: Fan Publishing.
Sultonov, B. (2015). Alisher Navoiy and His Sufi Views. Tashkent: National Library of Uzbekistan.
Mahmudov, R. (2020). Alisher Navoiy: His Personality and Literary Heritage. Tashkent: Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan.
Komilov, N. (2001). Sufism. Tashkent: Movarounnahr.
Quronov, D. (2004). Introduction to Literary Studies. Tashkent: Akademnashr.
Ibrohimov, A. (2018). History of Uzbek Classical Literature. Tashkent: Fan and Technology.
Yoldoshev, M. (2016). Artistic Thinking in the Works of Alisher Navoiy. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing.
Karimov, I. A. (1997). High Spirituality — An Invincible Force. Tashkent: Manaviyat.
