RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOTNING BUGUNGI HOLATI, MUAMMO VA YECHIMLAR   

Turdimurodova Fotima 

Buxoro innovatsiyalar universiteti talabasi                                                        

email:fotimaturdimurodova7@gmail.com

Abstract

This article analyzes the emergence of the digital economy, the importance of digital technologies in the global economy and social life, the development of digital platforms, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the digital economy. Based on the analysis, several proposals have been developed to address existing problems.

Key words:

Global Internet Protokol (IP) trafigi, innovatsion platformalar, onlayn platformalar, raqamli iqtisodiyot, raqamli platformalar, raqamli transformatsiya, ‘‘Raqamli O‘zbekiston – 2030 ‘‘, robototexnika, sun’iy ong, super platformalar, tarmoq effekti, tranzaksion platformalar. 

Аннотация.

 В данной статье анализируется возникновение цифровой экономики, значение цифровых технологий в мировой экономике и обществе, развитие цифровых платформ, преимущества и недостатки цифровой экономики. На основе анализа разработаны некоторые предложения по устранению существующих проблем. 

Ключевые слова:

 глобальный интернет-протокол (IP), инновационные платформы, онлайн-платформы, цифровая экономика, цифровые платформы, цифровая трансформация, «Цифровой Узбекистан – 2030», робототехника, искусственный интеллект, «суперплатформы», сетевой эффект, транзакционные платформы.

Abstract.

 This article analyzes the emergence of the digital economy, the importance of digital technologies in the world economy and society, the development of digital platforms, the advantages and disadvantages of the digital economy. Based on the analysis, some proposals have been developed to eliminate existing problems.

Keywords:

Global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, innovative platforms, online platforms, digital economy, digital platforms, digital transformation, ‘‘Digital Uzbekistan – 2030‘‘, robotics, artificial intelligence, super platforms, network effect, transactional platforms.

Introduction

The digital revolution has transformed our lives and societies to an unprecedented extent, creating significant opportunities in the economy while also giving rise to certain challenges. The development of the digital economy is one of the priority areas for leading countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. In recent years, a new wave of development in business and the social sphere has been driven by a new generation of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, robotics, and wireless communication technologies.

New technologies can make a substantial contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals; however, the expected positive outcomes may not always be fully realized. If we aim to harness the full social and economic potential of digital technologies, it is essential to urgently enhance cooperation among states in order to prevent unintended consequences. In our country as well, special attention has begun to be paid to the development of this sector. In his Address to the Oliy Majlis on December 28, 2018, the President of the Republic, Sh. Mirziyoyev, proposed the implementation of the “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” program by 2030.

Analysis of the Relevant Literature

The concept of the digital economy was first introduced in the 1990s during the period of economic crisis in Japan by a Japanese professor. First of all, it should be noted that the digital economy consists of a chain of interrelated production and management processes, the integral element of which is the exchange of information carried out through inter-chain digital technologies (human-to-human, machine-to-machine, via cloud systems, and between data centers).

The main objectives of the digital economy program have been highlighted in the literature. The digital economy represents a form of economic activity in which data in digital form serve as the key factor in production and service delivery. By processing large volumes of information and analyzing the results of such processing, more efficient solutions are implemented in various areas, including production, service provision, technologies, devices, storage, and product delivery, compared to traditional systems.

In other words, the digital economy is an activity associated with the development of digital computer technologies, encompassing online service provision, electronic payments, e-commerce, crowdfunding, and other related fields. In our view, the digital economy is an economic activity carried out and managed through digital technologies under conditions of scarce economic resources. The main challenge facing any economic system is resource scarcity, and in the digital economy, primary attention should also be directed toward addressing this issue.

Research Methodology

In the article, comparative–evolutionary analysis is used to study the role of digital platforms in the global economy. Statistical and mathematical methods are applied to analyze the market capitalization of companies occupying higher and lower positions, as well as the development trends of transnational companies based on digital platforms. Statistical grouping and comparison methods are used to assess Internet coverage across regions. In addition, the level of Internet traffic usage in the development of the digital economy is explained on the basis of dynamic analysis.

Analysis and Results

The following advantages of the digital economy are identified; it is estimated that labor productivity may increase by up to 40%:

the digital economy has the capacity to collect, use, and analyze a very large amount of information (digital data);

• the emergence of new forms of employment delivered through online platforms;

the emergence of new forms of employment delivered through online platforms;

changes in the commercial infrastructure for specialized services as a result of digital transformation.

changes in the commercial infrastructure for specialized services as a result of digital transformation.

 The export of industrial products is increasingly dependent on ICT products and services;

New technologies, especially artificial intelligence, will inevitably bring significant changes to the labor market, including the disappearance of jobs in certain sectors and the creation of large-scale opportunities in others;

The digital economy also introduces new risks, ranging from cybersecurity breaches to facilitating illegal economic activities and threats to personal privacy. It continues to develop rapidly based on the capacity to collect, utilize, and analyze massive amounts of machine-readable data (digital data) covering almost everything. For example, global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, as a proxy for data flow, increased from 100 gigabytes (GB) per day in 1992 to 45,000 GB per second in 2017, marking only the early days of a data-driven global economy. By 2022, global IP traffic is projected to reach 150,700 GB per second.

Cost is formed when the provided data is converted into digital intelligence and monetized for commercial use. Digital platforms provide mechanisms for multiple parties to interact and collaborate online. There are transactional and innovation platforms. Transactional platforms are multi-sided markets that support exchanges between different parties through online infrastructure. These are operated by major digital corporations such as Amazon, Alibaba, Facebook, and eBay.

  Moreover, digital network-supported platforms, such as Uber, Didi Chuxing, or Airbnb, have become the primary business model for those who adopt them. Innovation platforms, such as operating systems (e.g., Android or Linux) or technology standards, provide an environment for developing applications and software packages, as well as producing code and content.

Over the past decade, numerous digital platforms based on data-driven business models have emerged worldwide, replacing existing industrial sectors. The advantage of these platforms is evident: seven out of the eight leading global companies by market capitalization rely on platform-based business models.

 The economic geography of the digital economy does not reflect the traditional North–South divide. It is largely driven by developed and consistently advancing countries, primarily the United States and China. For example, these two countries account for 75% of all patents related to blockchain technologies, 50% of global expenditures on the Internet of Things (IoT), and over 75% of the global market for widely used cloud technologies. Remarkably, they also represent 90% of the market capitalization of the world’s 70 largest digital platforms. Europe’s share is only 4%, while Africa and Latin America account for just 1%.

These are “super platforms” – Microsoft, followed by Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Tencent, and Alibaba – which together constitute two-thirds of the total market value. Consequently, in many areas of digital technological development, the rest of the world, especially Africa and Latin America, lags significantly behind the United States and China. Some of the existing trade frictions reflect the pursuit of global dominance in the latest technologies.

The value of the digital economy, as well as the creation and capture of related value, faces several challenges. First, there is no universally accepted definition of the digital economy.

 In the ICT sector, computer services constitute the largest component, accounting for 40% of added value. Secondly, in developing countries, reliable statistics on the main components and scale of this sector are lacking. Although several initiatives have been undertaken to improve the situation, they are insufficient and hinder the rapid development of the digital economy.

The size of the digital economy varies between 4.5% and 15.5% of global GDP. Regarding the added value in information and communication technologies (ICT), the United States and China together account for nearly 40% of global GDP. The share of this sector in GDP is highest in Taiwan (China), Ireland, and Malaysia.

The United States dominates the global computer services industry; its share of industrial added value in this sector exceeds the combined share of the nine largest economies. Among developing countries, India has the largest share in this regard.  

  Digital platforms are becoming increasingly significant in the global economy. The total value of platform companies with a market capitalization exceeding USD 100 million was estimated at over USD 7 trillion in 2017, a 67% increase compared to 2015. Some global digital platforms have achieved very strong market positions in specific sectors.

 Facebook accounts for two-thirds of the global social media market and is considered the leading social media platform in over 90% of the world economy. Amazon holds approximately 40% of global online retail activity, and its Amazon Web Services (AWS) also captures a similar share of the global cloud infrastructure services market. In China, WeChat (owned by Tencent) has over one billion active users, and together with Alipay (Alibaba), its payment solution has nearly dominated the entire Chinese mobile payment market. Additionally, Alibaba accounts for approximately 60% of China’s e-commerce market.

Alphabet (Google) and Microsoft have invested in telecommunications equipment by acquiring Motorola and Nokia, respectively. Large platforms have also made major acquisitions in retail, advertising, marketing, and commercial real estate sectors. The functioning of the digital economy depends on coordinated policies across many countries.

Data privacy and data security require particular attention. Laws and regulations are necessary to combat the theft of personal data, establish rules on how personal information is collected, used, transferred, or deleted, and ensure that business models based on the digital economy generate societal benefits. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into effect in May 2018, represents a globally significant, comprehensive approach to data protection.

Digitalization affects different countries in varying ways, and individual governments require policy frameworks to regulate the digital economy in order to achieve the objectives of diverse national legal and policy agendas.

 Conclusion and Recommendations

 Digital transformation has become increasingly important today, particularly in the context of the ongoing pandemic. Recognizing the role of the digital economy in national economies and its significance for global economic development, it is advisable to implement the following measures:

 Study and adopt more comprehensive support mechanisms from countries that are advancing in the digital economy;

Establish the regulatory and legal framework for the digital economy in our country;

Develop the necessary infrastructure for the digital economy, prioritizing the connection of regions with limited or no Internet access;

Improve the system for training specialists and professionals required for the digital economy;

Promote joint research initiatives among governments, civil society, academia, the scientific community, and the technology sector to identify innovative solutions;

Ensure the rational use of new technologies to redefine digital development strategies, anticipate future trends in globalization, strengthen partnerships, and enhance intellectual leadership.

References

1. Ayupov, R. X., & Baltabaeva, G. R. (2018). The digital currency market: Innovations and development prospects. Tashkent: Fan va Texnologiya. 172 pp.

2. World Trade Organization. (2019). World Trade Statistical Review 2019.

3. Kurpayanidi, K., & Ilyosov, A. (2020). Problems of the use of digital technologies in industry in the context of increasing the export potential of the country. ISJI Theoretical & Applied Science, 113–117.

4. Abdullayev, A. M., & Kurpayanidi, K. I. (2020). Analysis of industrial enterprise management systems: Essence, methodology, and problems. Journal of Critical Reviews.

5. UNCTAD. (2020). Digital 2019: Global digital overview. Value creation and capture: Implications for developing countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

6. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Digital economy. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_economy

7. XS.UZ. (n.d.). Our country’s leader proposed the implementation of the Digital Uzbekistan 2030 program. Retrieved from http://xs.uz/uzkr/post/davlatimiz-rahbari-2030-jilgacha-raqamli-ozbekiston2030-dasturini-amalga-oshirishni-taklif-etdi

8. Texnoman. (n.d.). What is the digital economy? Retrieved from https://www.texnoman.uz/post/ragamli-iatisodivot-nima.html

9. Higher School of Economics (HSE). (2019). Retrieved from https://www.hse.ru/data/2019/04/12/1178004671/2%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F

Fotima Turdimurodova is a student at Bukhara Innovations University. Her main academic interests include economics, particularly digital economy and market economy. In her article titled “Market Economy in the Digital Economy,” the author comprehensively examines current issues and existing challenges in the field. She is currently engaged in scientific research in the field of economics.

Medical and Biological Physics: The Foundation of Modern Medicine

Student: Arabboyeva Saidaxon Dilshodbek qizi

Kokand University Andijan branch  

Faculty of Medicine and Stomatology

1^st year student, Group 25_03

Phone number: +998 88 614 20 07

E-mail: saidakhonar@gmail.com

Abstract

This article discusses the importance of medical and biological physics in modern healthcare, emphasizing its role in diagnostics, therapy, and preventive medicine. It highlights how physical principles underlie many medical technologies and treatments, from imaging and radiation therapy to biomedical engineering. Understanding medical and biological physics helps healthcare professionals detect diseases early, enhance treatment effectiveness, and apply advanced technologies more efficiently.

Keywords: medical physics, biological physics, diagnostics, imaging, radiation, healthcare technology

Introduction

In recent decades, medicine has evolved rapidly through the integration of physical sciences. Medical and biological physics study the physical processes within living systems and their applications in diagnosis and treatment. Technologies such as X-ray imaging, ultrasound, laser therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are all based on fundamental principles of physics.

Medical physics enables physicians to visualize internal organs non-invasively, measure physiological parameters accurately, and develop safer, more effective therapies. Therefore, physics forms the scientific foundation of modern medicine, bridging the gap between theory and clinical practice.

Methods

This article was developed using analytical and comparative methods to explore the relationship between physics and medicine.

Literature Review: Recent national and international scientific studies on medical and biological physics were analyzed.

Comparative Analysis: The efficiency of modern diagnostic techniques (MRI, X-ray, ultrasound) was compared based on physical mechanisms.

Systematic Approach: The connections between physical laws and physiological processes were examined, emphasizing their impact on diagnostics, treatment, and innovation.

The study utilized academic publications from 2019–2024, WHO reports, and materials from the European Society of Radiology.

Results

The findings reveal that medical and biological physics play a central role in every branch of modern medicine.

Radiology applies electromagnetic radiation for imaging bones and tissues.

Ultrasound diagnostics use sound waves to visualize soft tissues safely.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) employs magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed anatomical images.

Laser therapy accelerates tissue repair and reduces pain.

These technologies demonstrate how physics enables accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and continuous improvement in healthcare quality.

Discussion

Medical physics has become a key factor in the modernization of healthcare. Artificial intelligence combined with physical diagnostic tools — such as automated image analysis in MRI or CT scans — represents a major step toward precision medicine.

Furthermore, medical physicists ensure radiation safety, equipment calibration, and quality assurance in hospitals. Meanwhile, biological physics investigates processes such as ion exchange in cell membranes, blood flow hydrodynamics, and bioelectrical activity in the nervous system. Understanding these mechanisms supports the development of new pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

The integration of physics into medicine not only improves clinical outcomes but also fosters innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers, doctors, and researchers.

Conclusion

Medical and biological physics are the cornerstones of modern medicine. They provide the theoretical and practical basis for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases using scientific precision. By mastering the laws of physics, healthcare professionals can utilize advanced technologies effectively and safely, enhancing both patient outcomes and the overall quality of care. Thus, including medical physics in medical education remains an essential component of training future physicians and researchers.

References

1.  Karimov A. Fundamentals of Medical Physics, Tashkent, 2021.

2.  Rasulov N. The Role of Biological Physics in Medicine, Uzbek Medical Journal, 2020.

3.  Hall E. Radiobiology for the Radiologist. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019.

4.  Bushberg J.T. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. Wolters Kluwer, 2021.

5.  World Health Organization (WHO). Medical Physics in Health Care, 2022.

6.  European Society of Radiology Report, 2023.

7.  Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Annual Health Report, 2024.

8.  Khan M. Modern Approaches in Biomedical Physics. Springer, 2022.

First of all, published poet and contributor Tao Yucheng is still hosting a poetry contest, open to all readers of Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Synchronized Chaos Poetry Contest: We seek short, powerful, imaginative, and strange poetry. While we welcome all forms of free verse and subject matter, we prefer concise work that makes an impact.

Guidelines: Submit up to five poems per person to taoyucheng921129@proton.me. Each poem should not exceed one page (ideally half a page or less). All styles and themes welcome. Deadline for submissions will be in early March.

Prizes: First Place: $50 Second Place: $10, payable via online transfer. One Honorable Mention. Selected finalists will be published in Synchronized Chaos Magazine.

Next, poet Yucheng Tao’s new chapbook, The Mirror Image of Death, has just been released from Alien Buddha Press! People can order it here.

J.J. Campbell’s new book To Live Your Dreams is also out and available to order here.

Welcome to this month’s issue, Paying Attention.

Across poetry, fiction, essays, memoir, and scholarship, this issue asks what it means to live attentively: to create honestly, remember faithfully, love fully, and choose responsibility in an impermanent world.

Jacques Fleury honors the many contributions of Black Americans to society and argues that the United States still needs to celebrate Black History Month due to their lack of knowledge of essential history and context.

Sayani Mukherjee presents spring as both gentle and haunting, reminding us that loss and regrowth are both intimate parts of our experience. Berdirahmonova Shahlo Sherzod qizi expresses poignant longing for the return of joy and love in the spring. O’giloy Kucharova celebrates the social and natural renewal of spring as Christina Chin’s haikus evoke winter’s precarity and solitude. Brian Barbeito’s work dissolves boundaries and outlines in the dark of night and the way the rain falls everywhere, inspiring an open, receptive state of mind. His next piece evokes a chilly and aesthetically under-defined winter day.

Ma Yongbo’s wintry and tough-minded poetic cycle poses the question of what it means to keep creating when permanence and perfection may be impossible. Lan Xin’s pieces honor restraint, the diversity of life, and working with the natural rhythm of life’s seasons. Mykyta Ryzhykh calls attention to how both death and rebirth in nature bring us out of our ponderings and back to the present moment. Sterling Warner draws upon fresh and salt water and psychological and physical weather Linette Rabsatt’s poems take joy in letting go of the conscious mind and listening to the natural world as a source of inspiration. Joseph Ogbonna meditates on the stillness and inspiration of an early dawn. Gezim Basha, in work translated by Marjeta Rrapaj, celebrates tender love and living an authentic life. Yo’ldosheva Zinnura writes of the need to care for and consider our impact on the environment and climate.

Mehreen Ahmed’s work explores art, creativity, complicity, and displacement. Alan Catlin’s ekphrastic poetry crafts scenes of still life interrupted by violence and chaos. Bill Tope’s short story critiques immigration enforcement violence in the United States through the terror of one wrongly targeted victim. Kelly Moyer’s absurdist, provocative video speaks to the same topic as Leticia Garcia Bradford offers a local perspective and Pat Doyne brings strident satire to the issues of the day. Umid Najjari offers a poetic tribute to those who lost their lives in the Iranian revolution. Sungrue Han’s poems evoke alienation, dislocation, and collective and individual trauma. Mahbub Alam decries human greed and the destruction of other humans and the natural world and encourages care and respect. Virginia Aronson draws attention to modern crimes committed by government agents and by international criminal gangs, suggesting a comparison.

J.J. Campbell brings his signature blend of hard-earned cynicism and exhaustion. Scott C. Holstad snatches bits of sweetness and color from complex and artificial modern life. Türkan Ergör reminds us of our mortality and vulnerability to various human struggles. Like a wanderer tiptoeing through dimly lit rooms in a house, Carl Scharwath’s poetry moves from loss to relief to conscious acceptance of stillness. Allison Grayhurst’s poetic cycle sheds, releases, and re-forms visceral emotions. Dr. Prasanna Kumar Dalai’s work carries the quiet dignity of someone who feels deeply but speaks carefully.

Mesfakus Salahin’s work addresses the alchemical transformation of formless feeling into legible thought through poetry. Shakespeare Okuni’s poem highlights the role of ritual and performance in meaning-making. Alex Johnson sets out a manifesto for artistic openness and an aesthetic that welcomes diverse sources of inspiration. Stephen Jarrell Williams evokes life, innocence, joy, and energy in his restrained pieces. Rus Khomutoff’s piece is at once overabundant, technical, and tender, perhaps more intended to be entered into than understood.

Abbas Yusuf Alhassan’s ars poetica explores the various forms poetry takes in his mind and how inspiration hits him as an artist. Duane Vorhees probes desire, time, chance, and memory. Nurbek Norchayev meditates on nature, time, and the life of the soul. Michael Robinson’s essay is a lived testimony of fear, darkness, illness, strength, forgiveness, and survival. Maja Milojkovic speaks of her personal spirituality and closeness to God. Sarah Adeyemo also reaches for her faith for comfort and the strength to keep loving even through a time of desperation and grief. Patrick Sweeney’s one or two-line thoughts provoke head-scratching and evade easy answers. Texas Fontanella jumbles a variety of words and symbols into a static buzz. Grzegorz Wroblewski’s asemic pieces reflect a mind in motion, jumping and self-editing mid-thought from one idea to another.

Susie Gharib navigates the emotional landscape of power, voice, myth, and lived reality. Mark Young contributes a fresh set of altered technicolor Australian landscapes. Cristina Deptula observes and comments on Dianne Reeves Angel’s memoir of a creative life in film production, Every Restaurant Tells a Story. Federico Wardal celebrates the film legacy of Italian filmmaker Billy Wilder. Taylor Dibbert enjoys traveling despite occasional moments of personal embarrassment. Xo’jyozova Dildora looks to ecotourism as a way to sustainably strengthen local economies.

For travel in a more metaphorical sense, Abdugafforova Muslimaxon Akmalovna reviews Qobilon Shermatov’s fantastical children’s tale The Country Inside My Grandfather’s Stomach. This book addresses issues of personal character, as each person’s “interior” reflects who they are and how they behave.

Other authors look at individual and collective character and moral choice. Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s poems express her hopes for peace, understanding, compassion, and humanity. Gordana Saric echoes that hope, wishing for worldwide love, understanding, and reconciliation. Maftuna Sultonova reminds us of the infinite value and dignity of each person. Nigora Baxtiyorova analyzes infidelity as a theme in Uzbek literature. Xasanova Aziza Kumushbek qizi peers into even more Uzbek literature and finds a timeless warning about how one’s life and dignity matter even more than one’s reputation and fame. Journalist Elisa Mascia interviews Azerbaijani author Jakhongir Nomozov and he affirms the need for authors to master their craft and speak their truth regardless of passing fads or popularity. Solid work will stand the test of time.

Dr. Jernail S. Anand suggests that a complete education not only teaches technical skills but also how to be a decent human being. Kodirova Shakhzoda highlights the cultural importance of Uzbekistan’s cultural values of compassion, courtesy, respect for nature, and courage.

Dr. Barbaros İrdelmen mourns love lost to human and societal pettiness, and to death. Bill Tope and Doug Hawley co-present a tale of loss, guilt, and redemption. Mehrinoz Tursunova’s bittersweet love poem prepares for an impending separation. Eshmatova Marjona Kamol qizi outlines ways social service systems can intervene to support children from dysfunctional families. Nurboboyeva Dilshoda Nodir qizi evaluates the psychological effects of divorce on children and suggests ways to help them through the transition.

Dildoraxon Turg’unboyeva reflects on childhood memories and her love for her departed grandfather. Gulsevar Mirzamahmudova honors her hardworking migrant laborer father for his care and determination, reflecting on how she misses him.

Malohat Ahmadjonova expresses love and gratitude for the hard work and dedication of her parents, who made sure she dressed well and received an education. Mashrabxo’jayeva Feruzakhon offers gratitude for the steady love and care of her parents. Nurullayeva Nigora Nurmurod qizi’s poem expresses her love and care for her mother, who has given her so much. Ismoilova Sarvinoz reflects on how much her parents have loved her over time and how she wishes to return the favor as they age. Shafkat Aziz Hajam fondly remembers the freedom and wonder of childhood, made possible by his caring parents.

Islamova Dilnoza Khamidovna gives thanks for a caring and steady friend as Rukhshona Khamzayeva shares her gratitude for a dedicated teacher. Zarifaxon Holiboyeva reflects on missing her family and her classmates in a young student’s piece full of tender affection. Toshpulatova Mehribonu Sherbek qizi rejoices in the love of her sweet sister. Alisherova Hurmatoy reflects on the power of her lover’s kind words to calm her spirit. Graciela Noemi Villaverde draws on elegant nature-inspired imagery to express her love. Chinese academic Bai Gengsheng pays tribute to his loyal and hardworking wife, acknowledging that her steady support over many years made his accomplishments possible.

Aziza Xasanova compares waiting for the unfolding of love to allowing a fig tree to leaf out in its season. Lan Xin’s epic, mytho-romantic piece affirms the choice of embodied and temporal love over transcendence and divinity.

Ozodbek Narzullayev’s verse expresses adoration for his country as if it were his lover. Jahongirova Gulhayo Jahongirovna’s rhyming poem pays tribute to a man of deep loyalty, patriotism and integrity. Abduganiyev Shexrozbek discusses the inter-related nature of the Uzbek national concept, legal system, and spiritual values in shaping the culture.

Kudratova Nozima Bahromovna explores the narrative style of Uzbek writer To’gay Murod. Madina Jorayeva’s essay highlights the contributions of translator and critic Ozod Sharafiddinov to Uzbek and world heritage and literature. Shahnoza Ochildiyeva translates Ozod Sharafiddinov’s essay celebrating and analyzing the literary value of poet and translator Abdulhamid Sulaymon og‘li Cho‘lpon’s contributions to Uzbek literature. Nargiza Masharipova celebrates the cultural interchanges made possible by the migration of the world’s peoples. Sultonaliyeva Go’zaloy outlines some of the factors encouraging and driving migration. Ubaydullayeva Saodat celebrates the literary artistry and truth-telling of one of Uzbekistan’s greatest poets, Alexander Feinberg. Xayrullayeva Zahro suggests ways to preserve the high literary quality of the Uzbek language and not lose it to abbreviations and modernisms. Rizoqulova Parvina Ramzovna analyzes the relation between language and culture.

Munavvar Tlewbaeva speaks of the comfort she finds by reading books by authors who understand and write of her feelings. Odinaxon Qodirova highlights ways to encourage young people to read. Yusupboyeva Madina rejoices in the persistence of reading culture among young people. Turgunova Kh. suggests strategies for teachers to effectively communicate with young Generation Z students.

Karimova Navbaxar Mahmudjanovna suggests strategies for encouraging creative thinking in children. Jorabek Muhammadolimov raises awareness of how too much scrolling and flipping online can lead to difficulty concentrating. Choriyeva Oynur warns of the consequences of overuse of smartphones and the Internet. Roziboyeva Asilakhon speaks against digital surveillance and fear-driven self-censorship.

Isroilova Sarvinoz Maxmud qizi discusses how to use educational tools to teach young children mathematical concepts. Barnoxon Baxtiyorjon Yoqubova considers strategies for integrating physical play with learning arithmetic. Amirqulova Gulsevar discusses digital innovations in education. Daminova Sevinch Tuychi qizi highlights the enlightened wisdom and teaching of Uzbek children’s educator Abdulla Avloni. Lazokat Ortigaliyevna Pirmatova relates how participating in competitive mental arithmetic helped her to develop confidence and the ability to think on her feet.

Nilufar Ibroximova suggests how new Uzbek textbooks could be crafted and used to help young children develop critical thinking. Norquolova Madina highlights the value of learning a second language. Haydarova Mehribon outlines various methods for learning the Mandarin Chinese language, coupled with history and background of the tongue. Mansurova Shahnoza parses the finer points of verb conjugation in French as Xurramova Farangiz compares the process in French and Uzbek. Masharipova Sayyora compares proverbs in French and Uzbek and how they reveal cultural values. Nilufar Mo’ydinova outlines techniques for learning German through approaches from the field of translation. Najmiddinova Mekhrigul Najmiddin qizi delves into the intricacies of language translation. Abdurahimova Anora’s essay considers the impact of one’s first language on the process of learning a second language. Mengboyeva Baxtiniso Mamatqobilovna highlights the value of language teachers’ maintaining a culture of competence in spoken language.

Several contributors work and research in the language of other academic and professional disciplines. Lutfullayeva Shaxrizoda Faruxjon qizi outlines the current state of pneumonia diagnosis and treatment in young children. Mansurov Abdulaziz Abdullox ugli highlights the importance of preventive dental care in children. Fahriddin Akramov’s essay describes treatment for a variety of neurological conditions. Mamatqulova Mukarram Nuriddin qizi speaks to the life and academic stresses students endure and how to protect their mental health. Nasulloyeva Feruzabonu Akmalovna discusses the nature of scientific innovation and how to encourage it in Central Asia. Durdona Sharifovna Roziboyeva discusses the effects of the Herbst dental appliance on the upper airway.

Eshmurodova Sevinch explicates methods of improving deposit mobilization policies in commercial banks. Iroda Sobirova outlines basic principles of supply and demand in a market economy. Sobirova Iroda Abdulaziz qizi highlights strategies to foster innovative entrepreneurship. Mamadaliyeva O’giloy asserts her power and determination to become successful in academics and business.

Baxshilloyeva Nigina Bahodir qizi offers inspiration to young women seeking to live their dreams. Axmetova Dilnura Po’lat qizi outlines the historical and contemporary role of women in Central Asian societies. Sevinch Farxodova highlights the importance of gender equality and initiatives to that extent in Uzbekistan.

Shahnoza Pulatova Makhmudjanovna outlines and describes how Uzbek society is modernizing politically, economically, and socially. Dilafruz Muhammadjonova expresses fervent pride in and hope for Uzbekistan and the desire for the nation’s youth to rise up and take their place. Priyanka Neogi outlines ways to overcome depression and apathy and keep working towards one’s goals. Ziyoda Murodilova highlights the importance of internal motivation and determination for students to achieve their goals. https://synchchaos.com/essay-from-orzigul-sherova-4/Orzigul Sherova presents, in a similar vein, her secrets to success through passion and hard work.

We hope that this issue inspires you to create your place in the world with intention and joy.

EFFECTIVE METHODS OF LEARNING GERMAN THROUGH TRANSLATION APPROACHES

ANNOTATION

This article analyzes the educational significance of translation in teaching the German language. It demonstrates that translation methodology enhances vocabulary acquisition, facilitates adaptation to grammatical structures, and enables practical language use through contextual and interactive approaches. The article provides a detailed explanation of the role of translation in academic and everyday communication, the possibilities of using modern technologies, and pedagogical recommendations for effective implementation.

KEYWORDS

Foreign language, German language, translation, interactive methods, contextual approach, language learning, academic translation, linguistic competence, language teaching methodology.

INTRODUCTION

Learning foreign languages plays an important role in modern education. In particular, the German language is known for its complex grammatical structures, article system, verb forms, and rich vocabulary, which can create difficulties for learners. For this reason, translation methodology deserves special attention as an effective tool for teaching the German language. Translation is not merely the act of transferring a text from one language to another; it contributes to developing learners’ abilities to understand the language, identify context, and use it practically.

In recent years, interactive and contextual translation methods have been widely applied to motivate learners and deepen their knowledge. Furthermore, developing translation skills for both academic and everyday communication is essential for mastering German effectively.

The aim of this article is to identify the pedagogical role of translation in teaching German, analyze interactive and contextual methods, and propose effective ways of integrating them into the educational process.

MAIN PART

1. THE ROLE OF TRANSLATION METHODOLOGY IN EDUCATION

Translation is not only a tool for increasing vocabulary and reinforcing grammar; it also develops learners’ ability to understand and use the language in practical contexts. For students learning German, translation offers the following benefits:

Expanding vocabulary

Through translation, learners familiarize themselves with different meanings of words and remember collocations more effectively.

Strengthening grammatical structures

Understanding complex sentence structures and verb forms in German becomes easier through translation exercises.

Understanding cultural context

Translation helps learners become familiar with the cultural and communicative aspects of the language.

Studies show that when translation methodology is combined with interactive lessons, language-learning efficiency increases significantly. In addition, the practical application of translation enables learners to comprehend the language more quickly and accurately.

2. INTERACTIVE POSSIBILITIES IN GERMAN TRANSLATION

Interactive translation methods ensure active participation among learners:

Group translation work

Students read a text, discuss it in groups, and translate it collaboratively. This enhances communication skills.

Role-play activities

Learners engage in role plays and situational dialogues involving translation, which helps develop speaking and interaction skills.

Online tools and applications

Interactive exercises and online translation tools spark students’ interest and reinforce their knowledge.

For example, translating texts such as a restaurant menu or a travel guide helps students improve their everyday vocabulary. These methods enable learners to understand complex sentences and apply them in practice, while also increasing their motivation.

3. CONTEXTUAL APPROACH IN TRANSLATION

The contextual approach ensures the natural use of language during translation. For instance, the German word “Bank” may refer to a financial institution or a riverbank. Context-based translation offers the following advantages:

Understanding the language in its natural form

Reducing the number of errors

Developing cultural awareness related to the language

The contextual approach is also important in translating academic texts. When students translate scholarly articles, they develop terminological accuracy and gain a deeper understanding of the content.

4. USE IN ACADEMIC AND EVERYDAY COMMUNICATION

Translation is an important tool not only in academic contexts but also in everyday communication:

Students translate German academic articles into their native language and analyze them

During travel or international work, translation increases practical communication skills

Learners gain confidence and motivation in language use

For example, translating official or business documents in German helps develop professional language competence. Moreover, translation exercises encourage creative thinking, as learners must understand texts not only word-for-word but also by overall meaning and context.

5. MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND TRANSLATION TOOLS

To enhance the effectiveness of translation, the use of modern technologies is essential:

Online dictionaries and translation platforms (DeepL, Google Translate) provide learners with quick access to information

Mobile applications allow learners to practice anytime and anywhere

Interactive educational programs make translation exercises more engaging

These tools motivate students to learn independently and promote practical language use in contextual situations.

6. RECOMMENDATIONS

Integrate translation exercises regularly into the teaching process

Make extensive use of interactive technologies and online resources

Train students in contextual analysis

Strengthen terminological knowledge by translating academic texts

Engage students in creative translation activities

CONCLUSION

The article demonstrates that translation methodology is an effective tool in teaching the German language. Through translation, learners reinforce vocabulary, grammar, practical language use, contextual thinking, and cultural awareness. Interactive approaches motivate students to actively engage in learning and improve communication skills through group activities and role plays.

Moreover, the use of modern technologies makes translation exercises more efficient and appealing. With the help of online dictionaries, translation platforms, and mobile applications, learners can strengthen their language skills in practical contexts. Translating academic texts enhances terminological accuracy and develops scientific thinking.

Future recommendations include:

Integrating translation exercises consistently into the curriculum

Expanding the use of interactive methods and technologies

Teaching students to conduct contextual analysis

Improving practical language skills by translating academic and everyday texts

Encouraging creative translation activities

Through these approaches, learning German becomes more effective, engaging, and practical, preparing learners for confident communication in a foreign language.

Nilufar Mo‘ydinova was born in Qo‘shtepa district, Fergana region, Republic of Uzbekistan. She is a graduate of the Uzbekistan State University of World Languages. She works as a manager at the “Fair Print” printing service. Her articles have been published in Bekajon, Kenya Times, The Diaspora Times Global, and Synch Chaos. She is a member of the International Writers’ Association of Argentina (Grupo de Trabajo de Escritores Internacionales – Argentina), a holder of international certificates, a Global Ambassador for Peace, and a participant in international anthologies and conferences. She is also a recipient of the “Ambassador of Friendship” honorary badge.

REFERENCES

Baker, M. (2018). In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Routledge.

Hatim, B., & Mason, I. (2014). The Translator as Communicator. Routledge.

Venuti, L. (2017). The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. Routledge.

Nord, C. (2005). Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-Oriented Text Analysis. Rodopi.

Newmark, P. (1998). A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall.

Koller, W. (2001). “The Concept of Equivalence and the Object of Translation Studies.” Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 14(2), 103–118.

Munday, J. (2016). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. Routledge.

Pym, A. (2010). Exploring Translation Theories. Routledge.

The life and work of Alexander Feinberg and the world’s recognition of him

Ubaydullayeva Saodat

First-year student, Faculty of English Philology,

Uzbekistan State World Languages University

Annotation 

An article about the life and work, achievements, and poems of A.Feinberg .People’s poet of Uzbekistan and Russian-language writer of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Keywords

A.Feinberg’s life, poems, translator, literary translation, screenwriter

Introduction

 A. Feinberg [1939-2009] was a great poet, writer, and master of literary translation who lived and worked in Uzbekistan. He was also recognized as “poet of the era,” meaning “poet of the epoch.” After graduating from Tashkent University, he studied in the correspondence department of the Faculty of Journalism of the Faculty of Philology and worked at a student newspaper. The name of A. Faynberg is still a symbol of interethnic literary friendship and cultural closeness.

Main parts

The famous Uzbek poet Alexander Arkadyevich Feinberg was born on November 2, 1939, in the city of Tashkent. His father, Arkady Lvovich Feinberg, was from Gatchina. Graduated from the Institute of Higher Education and Technology. His mother, Anastasia Alexandrovna, was born in Moscow. His parents worked as chief engineers and machinists at an alcohol plant. After school, Feinberg studied at the Tashkent Topography Technical School, then served in the military in Tajikistan. He wrote poetry in Russian and could read and understand both Uzbek and Navoi’s language – Chagatai.

Literary translation constitutes an important part of Feinberg’s work. He paid great attention and strived to convey the spirit of Uzbek poetry to Russian readers. In addition, he translated Navoi’s ghazals, poems and epics of Erkin Vahidov, Abdulla Aripov, Omon Matjon, Rauf Parfi, and others, excerpts from Fitrat’s works, and Abdulla Kahhar’s prose works into Russian. Erkin Vakhidov and Abdulla Aripov called him “one of the most refined translators in the Russian language.”Faynberg headed the seminar of young writers of Uzbekistan in Tashkent and worked as a consultant at the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan. His poems were published in the magazines “Smena,””Yoshlik,””Yangi dunyo,””Yangi Volga, “as well as in periodicals of a number of foreign countries: Canada, the USA, Israel.

He is the author of fifteen poetry collections (published in Tashkent, Moscow, and St. Petersburg), including “Etude,” “Seconds,” “Poems,” “Distant Bridges,” “Short Wave,” and “Free Sonnets, “including a two-volume posthumously published work. His poems embodied a unique artistic world. He is considered a great personality who fully preserved his human essence in his time and was always ready to show mercy and support to others, not being indifferent to unpleasant events occurring in society.

His words are a vivid example of this:”Я видел мир глазами вечной дали”.”That is, “I saw the world through the eyes of eternity.” His work has captivated people’s hearts with its depth, philosophy, and charm.

Дождь ошалел. И не наступит утро

Мрат фары по дороге сталбовой

Ну хоть одна остановись попутка!

Из ночи забери меня с собой

It should be especially noted that films and animation projects were created using his poems and scripts. Based on A. A. Feinberg’s screenplay, films such as “My Brother,” “Under the Scorching Sun,” “Hardened in Kandahar,” “The Criminal and the Lawyers, “and others were filmed at the “Uzbekfilm” studio. Based on his screenplay, 4 feature films and about 20 cartoons were created. In 1999, in connection with the 20th anniversary of the death of the football team “Pakhtakor” in a car accident, the film “Stadium in the Sky” was shot based on Feinberg’s screenplay.

In 1999, he was awarded the title “Honored Cultural Worker of Uzbekistan,” and in 2004, Alexander Faynberg was awarded the honorary title “People’s Poet of Uzbekistan” for his contribution to the development of literature. Four years later, for his contribution to strengthening Russian culture and Uzbek-Russian literary ties, he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation – the “Pushkin Medal.” 

 In order to perpetuate the poet’s memory, a monument to Faynberg was erected on the Alley of Writers. On the dates associated with his life, poetry evenings and events are held and widely celebrated annually. Also, G.V. Malikhina’s master’s dissertation “The Structure of Artistic Images and Thematic Dominants in A.A. Feinberg’s Lyrics” is devoted to the study of Feinberg’s work. In addition, a scholarship named after the talented translator and screenwriter A. Feinberg has been established.

Alexander Feinberg died on October 14, 2009. According to the information, he was buried in the Botkin Cemetery, and a monument was erected in his mausoleum. His name is forever etched not only on the pages of history, but also on the streets of Tashkent, in the centers of literature, in the hearts of our people with his free spirit, pure heart, and profound thoughts.

Conclusion

Indeed, A.A. Feinberg was considered a creator who was able to look at his time and era with an open eye, looked at the truth directly, and praised it in his works. To this day, it lives forever in the hearts not only of the Uzbek people, but also of the Russian people.

References

1.https://n.ziyouz.com

2. https://arboblar.uz

3. https://inlibrary.uz

4. https://cyberleninka.ru

DEVELOPING CREATIVE IDEAS IN CHILDREN

Karimova Navbaxar Mahmudjanovna
Educator at the Specialized Preschool Educational Organization
named Shirintoy, Preschool No. 9, Gurlan District, Khorezm Region

Email: Mahmudjanovna’s@gmail.com
Tel: +998 94 110 77 75

Abstract

This article discusses the thinking capacity of young children and methods for expanding it. The concept of creativity, its meaning, and its application are explained. The article also covers the stages of creative thinking from early childhood to the school period, as well as the methods used to develop creative thinking skills in children.

Keywords: concept of creativity, creative characteristics, cooperation between teacher and students, elements of thinking, social criteria, encouraging thinking, engagement, emergence of creative ideas, primary education.

Introduction

When discussing the development of the education system in Uzbekistan and the training of specialists who meet international standards, it is important to educate students not only as well-rounded individuals who have mastered scientific knowledge, but also as creative thinkers who are ideologically strong and capable of becoming qualified professionals in their future careers.

The term creativity was first used in 1922 by the American scientist D. Simpson. Through this term, he described an individual’s ability to abandon conventional, stereotypical, and routine thinking. The word creativity comes from the Latin word create meaning “to create,” and creative meaning “a creator” or “innovator.”

Main Part

Creativity expresses a positive ability that characterizes an individual’s readiness to generate new ideas and serves as an independent component of talent. A person’s creativity is manifested in their thinking, communication, emotions, and specific types of activities. Creativity describes an individual as a whole or certain personal characteristics such as mental sharpness.

Below, we examine discussions and results. Cooperation between the teacher and students begins with the assistance provided by the teacher to learners. Gradually, this assistance becomes more active and transforms into learning actions. As a result, the teacher-student relationship evolves into a partnership. However, during this process, the teacher must be extremely careful, as they may unknowingly hinder the development of children’s creative thinking.

Analysis of materials shows that cooperation plays a crucial role in developing creativity in children. It is well known that the educational process is bilateral and consists of equal interaction between teachers and students. The teacher, as the leader of this process, is responsible for educational outcomes. However, this should not lead to the assumption that the educational process is entirely dominated by the teacher.

According to research results, the following aspects should be emphasized to develop creativity in children:

1. Encouraging children to ask many questions and supporting this habit;
2. Promoting children’s independence and strengthening their sense of responsibility;
3. Creating opportunities for independent activities;
4. Paying attention to children’s interests.

Primary education is one of the most influential stages in a child’s life, leaving a deep impact. At this stage, great responsibility is placed on teachers. The methodology for developing creative abilities in primary school students still requires special research.

As the First President I.A. Karimov emphasized:
“Preschool education ensures the healthy and comprehensive development of a child, awakens an interest in learning, and prepares them for systematic education. Preschool education is carried out in state and non-state preschool institutions and families until the child reaches the age of six or seven. Mahallas, public and charitable organizations, and international foundations actively participate in achieving the goals and objectives of preschool education.”

Today, forming an independent and free-thinking individual is a requirement of the time. Educators have the opportunity to nurture individuals who understand their own dignity, are strong-willed, and have firm beliefs. The standard of society lies in shaping people with high moral values.

When a child begins to think, thinking elements emerge as soon as they learn to recognize someone or something. The child compares new information with what they already know and determines similarities and differences. At around eight months old, a child begins to understand speech, initially paying attention to intonation and facial expressions. Soon, they start understanding the general meaning of speech through changes in tone.

Special exercises play an important role. An object (for example, a clock) is shown repeatedly while naming it. From this stage, adults begin teaching creativity to children and understand the importance of playing together. This is one of the most important criteria.

It is necessary to develop children’s intellectual abilities and potential for their future. There is also the concept of creative thinking. By developing creative thinking, children learn to analyze information from different perspectives and discover new ideas. They also develop the ability to generate various ideas to solve ambiguous problems and predict the outcomes of situations and events.

Creative thinking is manifested in the following characteristics:

1. Thinking speed – the ability to generate many ideas in a short period of time;
2. Flexibility of thinking – the ability to generalize creatively;
3. Originality of ideas – the ability to apply unique ideas in real-life situations;
4. Elaborative thinking – the ability to refine and expand ideas.

In today’s era of globalization and rapid information flow, teaching children to obtain correct information and protecting them from information threats has become an urgent issue. The Ministry of Preschool Education has adopted the “First Step” State Program, which provides a framework for teaching children and enhancing their creativity. Development centers have been established where children can receive education in centers of their own choice.

Conclusion

Reforms in the education process create opportunities to develop and improve children’s creativity. Such opportunities help increase children’s creative abilities, encourage correct perception of information, and motivate appropriate responses. Based on observation and analysis, it can be concluded that developing students’ creative thinking is a requirement of the time, and primary school teachers play a significant role in this process.

References

1. Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. Uzbek Scholar Journal, 6, 39–43.
2. Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. International Conference on Advance Research in Humanities, Sciences and Education.
3. Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. Uzbek Scholar Journal, 6, 39–43.
4. Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships.
5. Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships, 115–121.
6. Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships.
7. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family. Psychological Health of the Population as an Important Factor of Social Prosperity, 405–410.
8. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family.
9. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family.
10. Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Family Psychological Service.